DOCSLIB.ORG

Bartonellosis (Carrion's Disease) in the Modern Era 2001

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bartonellosis (Carrion's Disease) in the Modern Era 2001 DR HUGO LUMBRERAS : ULTIMO VIAJE A HUAYOPAMPA: Huaral, 1985 BARTONELLOSIS 2015 Introduction, History and epidemiology CIRO MAGUIÑA, M.D. Research Vice-Rector, UPCH Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute FORMER DEAN OF THE PERUVIAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS Specialist in Infectious Diseases – Tropical Medicine - Dermatology BARTONELLOSIS 2015 . Bartonella spp. ARE FASTIDIOUS HAEMOTROPIC Gram- negative bacteria which are mainly transmitted by vectors. Since the last 23 years , the number of Bartonella species or subspecies identified from a wide range of mammals has considerably increased. BARTONELLOSIS . Among the 13 species or subspecies known or suspected to be pathogenic for humans, FOUR have been isolated from CATS . DOMESTIC CATS ARE THE MAIN RESERVOIR FOR Bartonella henselae, the main agent of CSD. Also, Bartonella clarridgeiae has been suspected in a few cases of CSD and Bartonella koehlerae has been reported as a causative agent of endocarditis in humans and dogs Bartonellosis Molecular Biology Christoph Dehio, Infection-associated type IV secretion systems of Bartonella and their diverse roles in host cell interaction, Cellular Microbiology (2008) 10 (8), 1591–1598 Bartonellosis: Chomel BB, Kasten RW. Journal of aplllied Microbiology, 109 (20) 743-750, 2010 . Recently, Bartonella quintana was isolated from a pet cat and its owner. Domestic dogs have been shown to be infected with a broad range of Bartonellla species, such as B. vinsonii berkhoffii, B. Henselae, B. clarridgeiae, B. rochalimae, B. quintana, B. koehlerae, B. washoensis, and Bartonella elizabethae. Int J. Syst Evol Microbiology 2009 . Bartonella rattaustraliani sp. nov., . Bartonella queenslandensis sp. nov. Bartonella coopersplainsensis sp. Nov. Have been identified in Australian rats. Bartonella 2010 . Bartonella japonica sp. nov. Bartonella silvatica sp. nov., isolated from Apodemus mice. Int J. Syst Evol Microbiology 2010 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1965693 0# New Bartonellas:1993-2015 . Bartonella weiss, Bartonella washoensis . Bartonella schoenbuchii,Bartonella birtlessi . Bartonella bovis, Bartonella capreoli . Bartonella rochalimae (Cusco, 2007) BACTEREMIA, FEVER, AND SPLENOMEGALY CAUSED BY A NEWLY RECOGNIZED BARTONELLA SPECIES JUNE 2007 Marina E. Eremeeva, M.D., Ph.D., Helen L. Gerns, B.A., Shari L. Lydy, Ph.D., Jeanna S. Goo, B.S., Edward T. Ryan, M.D., Smitha S. Mathew, B.S., Mary Jane Ferraro, Ph.D., Judith M. Holden, M.P.H., William L. Nicholson, Ph.D., Gregory A. Dasch, Ph.D., and Jane E. Koehler, M.D. B. rochalimae: Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 . Recently, B. rochalimae DNA was detected in a dog from Greece . High (43%) prevalence of bacteremia observed in gray foxes in California suggests that they might act as a wildlife reservoir for this newly identified species. Furthermore, several B.clarridgeiae–like and B. rochalimae genes have been detected in fleas collected from humans , rodents ,red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) , and the environment in the Democratic Republic of Congo (12) during a plague outbreak. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 . Conclusions : We report the isolation or detection of B. rochalimae from red foxes, raccoons, and coyotes from North America, Europe, and the Middle East. Sequence analysis of 4 genes identified small variations in B. rochalimae isolates from these different geographic regions. A relatively high percentage (26%) of raccoons had B. rochalimae bacteremia compared with only 9.5% (2/21) coyotes. B. tamiae (Thailand) J Clin Microbiol. 2008 February; 46 (2): 772–775. Bartonella tamiae sp. nov., a newly recognized pathogen isolated from three human patients from Thailand. Kosov, et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2008 February; 46 (2): 772–775. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. [email protected] (10) Heller R, Kubina M, Mariet P, Riegel P,Delacour G, Dehio C, et al.Bartonella al-saticasp. nov., a new Bartonella species isolated from the blood of wild rabbits. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1999;49:283–8 . Bartonella spp. are zoonotic agents that infect erythrocytes of mammals in which they cause chronic bacteremia . B. alsatica was first identified in 1999 in Alsace, France, as an agent of bacteremia in healthy wild rabbits (Heller 10). However, in 2006, interest in B. alsatica increased when it was considered to be a human pathogen because it caused blood- culture–negative endocarditis in a patient who had contacts with rabbits (5). The present case confirms that B. alsatica could be a human pathogen, especially in persons who live in contact with rabbits and should also be considered as a cause of lymphadenopathy Bartonella alsatica: Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 14, No. 12, December 2008 .Human Case of Bartonella alsatica lymphadenitis New species: Bartonella ancashi, July 2013. Emergent Infectious Diseases . This strain was an unknown species . This CO20 strain underwent genotyping (using rrs, gltA, and rpoB sequences). It was compared with the genetic bank of Bartonella species. The sequence 1351-bp from the rrs fragment was very similar to 99.0% of rrs from B. bacilliformis. Fragments 312 and bp 589, as well as gltA and rpoB fragments , respectively, were similar to some parts of Bartonella bovis : 89.4% (gltA), and 85.9% (rpoB), Diseases caused by Bartonella species in humans . B. bacilliformis : Carrion’ s disease (acute Oroya fever) and Peruvian warts . B. quintana BA, endocarditis, trench fever chronic bacteremia B. henselae CSD, BA, peliosis hepatis endocarditis, bacteremia, neuroretinitis . B. clarridgeaie CSD ( serology) . B. elizabethae Endocarditis . B. grahammi Neuroretinis . B. vinsonii . B. rochalimae Bacteremia CUTANEOUS BARTONELLOSIS Bacillary Angiomatosis (B. henselae and B. quintana) CONTRIBUTION TO STUDIES ON CARRION’S DISEASE AND OTHER Bartonella spp. Pre-Columbian Phase Mochica pottery CARRION’S DISEASE: Chronic phase Krumdieck CF. La Enfermedad de Carrion o Verruga Peruana en el Niño. Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 1949; 32 (4): 227-306. History of Carrion’s Disease . Between 1870-1890, 7,000 Andean railroad workers died . They were building the highest railroad in the world (Oroya’s railroad 3,800 meters above sea level) Bartonellosis: History .Mortality rates for the acute febrile phase varied around 40-90% in the pre-antibiotic era. LIMA-LA OROYA RAILROAD: 3,800 m above sea level Verrugas bridge (Km 61) Henry MEIGGS (USA) highest railroad in the world (Oroya’s railroad 3,800 meters above sea level) (1870-1885) Carrion’s disease, 2015 ´` . A Peruvian medical student, Daniel A. Carrión, self-inoculated fluid obtained from a verruga lesion . Days later he developed the acute phase of the disease with severe anemia and eventually died (Oct 5, 1885) Chilean soldier with ‘mullar’ lesions. He Patient with ‘mullar’ lesions probably became infected in the Rimac valley during the South Pacific war Garcia, U. Historiografia de la Enfermedad de Carrion. Ideas e Imágenes en la enfermedad de Carrión. Análisis Historiográfico de la Iconografia de la Bartonellosis Humana. Parte II. Folia Dermatológica Peruana 1999; 10 (1): 57-63. In 1905, Dr. Alberto Barton discovered the agent of Oroya fever and named it ‘endoglobular body’. In 1913, Townsend discovered the vector of the disease (“Titira”-Phlebotomus) (Today, Lutzomyia) (sandfly) Colombia has reported in the last 60 years only two cases of Carrion’s disease It is not a public health issue in Colombia Ecuador has reported cases in the coast at 150 m above sea level Alexander B. A review of bartonellosis in Ecuador and Colombia Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995; 52: 354-359. Bartonellosis (Carrion`s disease): Epidemiology . In Peru, the disease is endemic at an altitude between 500-3,200 meters above sea level. Cases have been reported from Andean valleys and the high rain forest. Bartonelosis en el Perú 1945 – 2005*(SE08) Tasa de Incidencia - Curva Histórica 36.00 32.00 28.00 24.00 Año 2004: Casos : 8,883 (A+V+P) 20.00 T.I. : 32 x 100,000hab. 16.00 T.M. : 0.18 x 100,000 hab. Tasa x 100 000 hab. 000 Tasa100 x 12.00 8.00 4.00 0.00 1945 1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 Fuente: Ministerio de Salud – ESN-Metaxenicas - DGSP Años Case distribution: January – June 2012 Deaths caused by Carrion’s disease according to Departments and Regional Health Directions, Peru (2002-2012 June) Año Departamento DISA 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012* Total % Ancash 2 8 8 9 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 33 13.5 Cajamarca 22 11 40 12 4 5 2 0 1 6 4 107 43.7 Cajamarca 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Chota 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Cutervo 3 1 9 3 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 21 Jaén 17 10 30 8 2 3 2 0 1 5 3 81 La Libertad 3 1 2 0 4 3 0 0 1 0 0 14 5.7 Amazonas 4 12 10 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 32 13.1 Piura Piura 2 12 3 2 1 2 5 2 0 1 1 31 12.7 Cusco 1 0 2 2 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 12 4.9 Lima Lima Norte 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.4 Huánuco 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2.0 Ayacucho 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1.2 Lambayeque 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 5 2.0 San Martín 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.4 Loreto 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.4 Total 35 45 65 29 20 14 16 4 3 7 7 245 100.0 Fuente: DGE-RENACE.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abstract Pultorak, Elizabeth Lauren
    ABSTRACT PULTORAK, ELIZABETH LAUREN. The Epidemiology of Lyme Disease and Bartonellosis in Humans and Animals. (Under the direction of Edward B. Breitschwerdt). The expansion of vector borne diseases in humans, a variety of mammalian hosts, and arthropod vectors draws attention to the need for enhanced diagnostic techniques for documenting infection in hosts, effective vector control, and treatment of individuals with associated diseases. Through improved diagnosis of vector-borne disease in both humans and animals, epidemiological studies to elucidate clinical associations or spatio-temporal relationships can be assessed. Veterinarians, through the use of the C6 peptide in the SNAP DX test kit, may be able to evaluate the changing epidemiology of borreliosis through their canine population. We developed a survey to evaluate the practices and perceptions of veterinarians in North Carolina regarding borreliosis in dogs across different geographic regions of the state. We found that veterinarians’ perception of the risk of borreliosis in North Carolina was consistent with recent scientific reports pertaining to geographic expansion of borreliosis in the state. Veterinarians should promote routine screening of dogs for Borrelia burgdorferi exposure as a simple, inexpensive form of surveillance in this transitional geographic region. We next conducted two separate studies to evaluate Bartonella spp. bacteremia or presence of antibodies against B. henselae, B. koehlerae, or B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in 296 patients examined by a rheumatologist and 192 patients with animal exposure (100%) and recent animal bites and scratches (88.0%). Among 296 patients examined by a rheumatologist, prevalence of antibodies (185 [62%]) and Bartonella spp. bacteremia (122 [41.1%]) was high.
    [Show full text]
  • Bartonella: Emerging Pathogen Or Emerging Awareness?
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2009) 13, 3—8 http://intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/ijid PERSPECTIVE Bartonella: emerging pathogen or emerging awareness? Elin Mogollon-Pasapera, Laszlo Otvos Jr, Antonio Giordano, Marco Cassone * Sbarro Health Research Organization, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLifeScience Building suite 419, 1900 N 12th Street, 19122 Philadelphia, PA, USA Received 17 October 2007; received in revised form 26 January 2008; accepted 14 April 2008 Corresponding Editor: William Cameron, Ottawa, Canada KEYWORDS Summary The number of known Bartonella species is rapidly growing. Some of them are Bartonella; responsible for distinct infectious diseases and show different prevalence and antibiotic suscept- Carrion’s disease; ibility profiles. Not only have some vectors of Bartonella not been fully characterized, but also Epidemiology; intermediate hosts are actually much more numerous and diverse than previously thought. Among Cat-scratch disease; these, dogs differ from cats because they tend to suffer an overt disease similar to humans, thus Therapy providing the base for a useful animal indicator and research model. Among the debilitating conditions with an unclear impact on the course of these infections, specific conditions (e.g., homelessness, alcoholism) have been linked to a much higher prevalence and to high risk of unfavorable outcome. Due to the limited arsenal of antibiotics effective in vivo on this peculiar intracellular pathogen, the risk/benefit balance of antibiotic therapy is sometimes difficult to draw. In this evolving picture, the recent discoveries of new species highlights the importance of basic molecular biology resources that would bring major public health benefits if available in endemic areas, and specifically in many areas of Peru and Bolivia.
    [Show full text]
  • Bartonellosis Ed Breitschwerdt, DVM (Ed [email protected]) Tests Available at VBDDL: Serology (IFA) and PCR on Blood Or CSF
    Bartonellosis Ed Breitschwerdt, DVM ([email protected]) Tests available at VBDDL: Serology (IFA) and PCR on blood or CSF There are a growing number of Bartonella species associated with disease manifestations in cats, dogs, humans and other less domesticated host species including Bartonella henselae, B. vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, B.rochalimae, B.clarridgeiae, and B. koehlerae. Genetically unique strains or genotypes are being described within each species. This may affect test interpretation because most laboratories only test for a limited selection of species and serological cross reactivity is not always present. Knowledge of which species are tested for is important for both antibody and DNA testing. Risk factors: o History of flea, tick, biting fly, keds, lice, or sandfly exposure Disease: o Transient lethargy o Fever o Lymphadenopathy o Gingivitis o Stomatitis o Uveitis o Neurologic dysfunction o Endocarditis o Retinal disease Bartonella henselae – B.henselae is a flea-transmitted zoonotic pathogen with the cat identified as a major reservoir for human infection. Fever and bacteremia, endocarditis, lymphadenopathy (cat scratch disease in people), bacillary angiomatosis, neurologic dysfunction and retinal disease can be caused by B. henselae, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Following flea transmission or blood transfusion to cats, B. henselae causes a relapsing pattern of bacteremia, persisting for months to years. Bartonella koehlerae – B.koehlerae is a zoonotic bacterium that has but rarely been reported as an infectious cause of disease in dogs or human patients. Cats are considered the primary reservoir host for B. koehlerae as with B. henselae. Ctenocephalides felis, the cat flea, is considered a transmission competent vector for both organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Bartonella Rochalimae and B. Vinsonii Subsp. Berkhoffii in Wild Carnivores from Colorado, Usa
    DOI: 10.7589/2016-01-015 Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 52(4), 2016, pp. 844–849 Ó Wildlife Disease Association 2016 BARTONELLA ROCHALIMAE AND B. VINSONII SUBSP. BERKHOFFII IN WILD CARNIVORES FROM COLORADO, USA Ying Bai,1,4 Amy Gilbert,2 Karen Fox,3 Lynn Osikowicz,1 and Michael Kosoy1 1 Bacterial Disease Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA 2 National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services, 4101 Laporte Ave., Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA 3 Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, USA 4 Corresponding author (email: [email protected]) Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article-pdf/52/4/844/2239205/2016-01-015.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 ABSTRACT: Spleen samples from 292 wild carnivores from Colorado, US were screened for Bartonella infection. Bartonella DNA was detected in coyotes (Canis latrans) (28%), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) (23%), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) (27%), and raccoons (Procyon lotor) (8%) but not in black bears (Ursus americanus), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and mountain lions (Puma concolor). Two Bartonella species, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and B. rochalimae, were identified. All 10 infected striped skunks exclusively carried B. rochalimae while coyotes, red foxes, and raccoons could be infected with both Bartonella species. Five of seven infected coyotes carried B. v. berkhoffii whereas five of seven infected red foxes and 11 of 14 infected raccoons carried B. rochalimae. Further studies are needed to understand relationships between Bartonella species, wild carnivores, and their ectoparasites.
    [Show full text]
  • Bartonella Infections in Cats and Dogs Including Zoonotic Aspects Alejandra Álvarez-Fernández1, Edward B
    Álvarez-Fernández et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018)11:624 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3152-6 REVIEW Open Access Bartonella infections in cats and dogs including zoonotic aspects Alejandra Álvarez-Fernández1, Edward B. Breitschwerdt2 and Laia Solano-Gallego1* Abstract Bartonellosis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution that can infect humans and a large number of mammals including small companion animals (cats and dogs). In recent years, an increasing number of studies from around the world have reported Bartonella infections, although publications have predominantly focused on the North American perspective. Currently, clinico-pathological data from Europe are more limited, suggesting that bartonellosis may be an infrequent or underdiagnosed infectious disease in cats and dogs. Research is needed to confirm or exclude Bartonella infection as a cause of a spectrum of feline and canine diseases. Bartonella spp. can cause acute or chronic infections in cats, dogs and humans. On a comparative medical basis, different clinical manifestations, such as periods of intermittent fever, granulomatous inflammation involving the heart, liver, lymph nodes and other tissues, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, uveitis and vasoproliferative tumors have been reported in cats, dogs and humans. The purpose of this review is to provide an update and European perspective on Bartonella infections in cats and dogs, including clinical, diagnostic, epidemiological, pathological, treatment and zoonotic aspects. Keywords: Bartonella, Dog, Cat, Europe, Zoonosis Background diagnostic, epidemiological, pathological, treatment and Bartonella is a genus of Alphaproteobacteria within the zoonotic aspects. family Bartonellaceae. Bartonella spp. are small, thin, short and slightly curved, gram-negative, hemotropic Bartonella and rod-shaped bacteria [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Bartonella Rochalimae” Strain with Isolates from Dogs, Gray Foxes, and a Humanᰔ Jennifer B
    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 2009, p. 787–790 Vol. 47, No. 3 0095-1137/09/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/JCM.01351-08 Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Infective Endocarditis in a Dog and the Phylogenetic Relationship of the Associated “Bartonella rochalimae” Strain with Isolates from Dogs, Gray Foxes, and a Humanᰔ Jennifer B. Henn,1 Mourad W. Gabriel,2 Rickie W. Kasten,3 Richard N. Brown,4 Jane E. Koehler,5 Kristin A. MacDonald,6 Mark D. Kittleson,6 William P. Thomas,6 and Bruno B. Chomel3* Napa County Health and Human Services, Public Health Division, 2344 Old Sonoma Rd., Bldg. G, Napa, California 945591; Comparative Pathology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 956162; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 956163; Department of Wildlife, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 955214; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 941435; and Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary, Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 956166 Received 15 July 2008/Returned for modification 11 November 2008/Accepted 15 December 2008 The first case of canine endocarditis caused by “Bartonella rochalimae” is reported. By PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, sequence, and phylogenetic analyses, Bartonella isolates from a dog with Downloaded from endocarditis, 22 gray foxes, and three dogs, described as B. clarridgeiae like, were confirmed to belong to the new species “B. rochalimae,” suggesting canids as the natural reservoir. The genus Bartonella comprises more than 20 species and coronary cusp of the aortic valve and severe aortic insuffi- subspecies, many of which are agents of zoonoses.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Bartonella Rochalimae in Guinea Pigs
    Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 101(6), 2019, pp. 1276–1281 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0517 Copyright © 2019 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Identification of Bartonella rochalimae in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) and Fleas Collected from Rural Peruvian Households Mar´ıa F. Rizzo,1 Lynn Osikowicz,1 Abraham G. Caceres, ´ 2,3 Violeta D. Luna-Caipo,4 Segundo M. Suarez-Puyen,5 Ying Bai,1* and Michael Kosoy1 1Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; 2Seccion ´ de Entomolog´ıa, Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Daniel A. Carrion ´ ” y Departamento Academico ´ de Microbiolog´ıaM´edica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; 3Laboratorio de Entomolog´ıa, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru; 4Direccion ´ Ejecutiva de Salud Ambiental, Sub Region ´ de Salud de Cutervo, Direccion ´ Regional de Salud Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Peru; 5Direccion ´ Ejecutiva de Salud Ambiental y Control Vectorial, Red de Salud Utcubamba, Direccion ´ Regional de Salud Amazonas, Amazonas, Peru Abstract. In the present study, we tested 391 fleas collected from guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) (241 Pulex species, 110 Ctenocephalides felis, and 40 Tiamastus cavicola) and 194 fleas collected from human bedding and clothing (142 Pulex species, 43 C. felis, five T. cavicola, and four Ctenocephalides canis) for the presence of Bartonella DNA. We also tested 83 blood spots collected on Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards from guinea pigs inhabiting 338 Peruvian households. Bartonella DNA was detected in 81 (20.7%) of 391 guinea pig fleas, in five (2.6%) of 194 human fleas, and in 16 (19.3%) of 83 guinea pig blood spots.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoonotic Diseases: Cat-Scratch Disease and Toxoplasmosis
    ZOONOTIC DISEASES: cat, and it is passed from cat to cat via the feces each having their own species, without showing CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE AND of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis). an active disease. Being able, as suggested in one report, to Causative agent TOXOPLASMOSIS pass the placental barrier in man, the impact Bartonella henselae is a curved, pleomorphic, (2 CE Hours) of bartonellosis is not well understood and rod-shaped gram-negative, facultative intracellular deserves further study. Many arthropods have Learning objectives: bacterium infecting the cat. It is of little ! been shown to carry Bartonella in addition to List the risk factors for Bartonella infections. consequence in the cat, with little symptomatology. ! cat fleas, including sand flies, human body lice, Explain how and where humans and animals Other species of Bartonella-infecting domestic cats rodent fleas, biting flies and ticks. Whether they can become infected. are Bartonella clarridgeiae, Bartonella koehlerae ! are actively involved in passing the organism to Explain how to diagnose, treat and prevent and Bartonella bovis. cat-scratch disease. mammalian hosts is not confirmed. ! In man, it produces a self-limiting disease varying List recommendations you can provide to pet Pathogenesis: While Bartonella henselae may be from painful regional lymphadenopathy after owners about treatment and prevention. the most common species in the cat, Bartonella ! being scratched or bitten by a cat to bacillary List the contraindications when prescribing clarridgeiae and Bartonella koehlerae are angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis, neuroretinitis, medications for cat-scratch disease. sometimes compromised as well and co-infections ! endocarditis, relapsing fever with bacteremia and List the risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii are possible.
    [Show full text]
  • New Insights Into the Infection Strategy of Lineage 3 and Lineage 4 Bartonella Species
    New insights into the infection strategy of lineage 3 and lineage 4 Bartonella species Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel Von Clément Barbier von Frankreich Basel, 2020 Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Dokumentenserver der Universität Basel edoc.unibas.ch Genehmight von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Christoph Dehio Prof. Dr. Xavier De Bolle Basel, den 19.11.2019 Prof. Dr. Martin Spiess The dean of Faculty II Statement of my Thesis This work was carried out in the group of Prof. Christoph Dehio in the focal area of Infection Biology at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel, Switzerland. My PhD committee consists of, ProF. Dr. Christoph Dehio Prof. Dr. Dirk Bumann Prof. Dr. Xavier De Bolle My thesis is written in a cumulative format. It consists of an introduction covering the major aspects related to my work. It is followed by two unpublished manuscripts comprising the following parts: title page, abstract, introduction, results, material and methods and discussion. Finally, I close this thesis report by a global conclusion summarizing of all major findings of this study. III Table of Contents General Introduction ................................................................................................................ - 1 - 1.1. Prevalence and epidemiology of Bartonella ......................................................................... - 1 - 1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection and Characterization of Bartonella Species in Western Australia
    i DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BARTONELLA SPECIES IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA Gunn Kaewmongkol, DVM, MSc School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University, 2012 ii I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. ……………………………………………………. (Gunn Kaewmongkol) iii Abstract In this study, the prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella species in various arthropod vectors from both wild and domestic animals in Australia were investigated using nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). Previous studies on Bartonella species in Australia have been confined to mammalian hosts, including humans, cats, native rodents and eastern grey kangaroos. However, little is known about the status of bartonellae in arthropod vectors, which is essential in understanding the transmission dynamics of the organisms. To facilitate the investigation, ectoparasites (ticks and fleas) were collected from both wild and domestic animals from various locations in Australia. All ectoparasites were screened for Bartonella species using newly designed nested-PCRs targeting the gltA gene (citrate synthase) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, developed as part of the present study. Multilocus sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), citrate synthase (gltA),cell division protein (ftsZ) and RNA polymerasebeta-subunit (rpoB) genes and the ribosomal ITS region was applied to identify and confirm the status of all Bartonella species identified in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Bartonella Spp
    Revisión Laura Pérez-Martínez, José R. Blanco, Tratamiento de las infecciones José A. Oteo por Bartonella spp. Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR). C/ Piqueras 98-7ª N.E. 26006- Logroño (La Rioja). España. RESUMEN género Rochalimaea. Si bien con anterioridad Bartonella se incluía en el orden de los Rickettsiales, los estudios Las infecciones por Bartonella spp. incluyen un amplio taxonómicos basados en el citado gen 16S de ARN ribosomal α espectro de enfermedades infecciosas emergentes y (ARNr) han incluido estas bacterias en el subgrupo 2 de las proteobacterias, más próximas al género Brucella que al género reemergentes. En este tipo de infecciones no existe una pauta 1-2 de tratamiento universalizado, por ello, se debe ajustar a cada Rickettsia . En los últimos años se han descrito nuevas situación clínica. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar los especies de Bartonella y se ha podido implicar a alguna de ellas aspectos terapéuticos de las diferentes manifestaciones clínicas en patología humana. provocadas por las bartonellas. Bartonella spp. son causantes de una serie de Palabras clave: Bartonella spp., Encodarditis, Enfermedad por arañazo de enfermedades de origen zoonótico que afectan a los humanos 1,3,4 gato, Angiomatosis bacilar, Peliosis hepática, Bacteriemia crónica. y se pueden considerar emergentes y re-emergentes . Hasta 1993 Bartonella bacilliformis era la única especie de Bartonella Treatment of human infections caused by implicada en patología humana. Desde entonces y hasta la Bartonella spp. fecha, son 13 las especies que afectan al hombre5-11 (tabla 1) y más de 20 las descritas.
    [Show full text]
  • Cat Scratch Disease, Which Is Most Infections Often a Relatively Benign and Self-Limiting Illness
    Cat Scratch Importance Members of the genus Bartonella are maintained in many domesticated and wild Disease and Other animal hosts. Bartonella henselae, the best understood species, infects housecats and other members of the Felidae. Additional species of Bartonella are found in cats, Zoonotic Bartonella dogs, livestock, rodents, rabbits and other wild and domesticated animals. In immunocompetent humans, B. henselae causes cat scratch disease, which is most Infections often a relatively benign and self-limiting illness. In contrast, B. henselae infections are often severe in immunocompromised individuals, and can be fatal without Bartonellosis, antibiotic treatment. Other species of Bartonella have also been linked occasionally to Cat Scratch Fever, Benign human illnesses, with varying levels of evidence for a causative role. The significance Inoculation Lymphoreticulosis, of Bartonella spp. as pathogens for animals is currently unclear. The vast majority of Benign Inoculation Reticulosis, infections are asymptomatic, and although these organisms have been implicated Regional Granulomatous occasionally in illnesses, proving a causative role is difficult. Lymphadenitis, Parinaud Etiology Oculoglandular Syndrome, Bartonella spp. are fastidious, pleomorphic, Gram negative rods in the family Bacillary Angiomatosis Bartonellaceae, α-2 subgroup of the Proteobacteria. More than 20 species of Bartonella have been described in animals. B. henselae (formerly Rochalimaea henselae) is the major agent of cat scratch disease, and a causative agent for bacillary Last Updated: July 2012 angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis and possibly other conditions. There is some evidence that genotypes or strains of B. henselae might vary in their zoonotic potential. Other Bartonella species suggested to be pathogens in people and/or animals include B. clarridgeiae, B.
    [Show full text]