meal. Bacteremia for henselae is Bartonella will attach to red blood cells (2 CE Hours) intermittent, and only blood from the bacteremic and endothelial cells of capillary walls, enter phase will be infective. these cells and produce inflammatory tissue Learning objectives damage throughout the body. In particular, ! Flea feces appear as black specks, often comma ! List the risk factors for Bartonella infections. they will affect the mucosae of the respiratory ! shaped, on the cat fur. Eggs produced by the ! Explain how and where humans and animals system, including the oral cavity, the eye, the flea are white. They may fall off the cat along can become infected. skin and lymph nodes, liver and spleen. The ! with the flea feces, and the hatching larvae may ! Explain how to diagnose, treat and prevent incidence of seropositivity in cats is greater than consume the feces and thus become infected. cat scratch disease. the rates for bacteremia. !! List recommendations you can provide to pet When the cat scratches the fleabite area, it picks owners about treatment and prevention. up the infectious flea deposits in its claws and Even though does not appear !! List the contraindications when prescribing nail beds. It can pass on the disease and continue to be of serious concern for human health, it medications for cat scratch disease. its spread by scratching other cats. is the one most widely known. In the typical cat scratch disease of man, the initial signs of The presence of Bartonella henselae DNA in the the disease are single or multiple small bumps, Introduction saliva of the cat has been confirmed by PCR and developing to erythematous papules within about Zoonoses are infectious diseases that are demonstrated the possible infectiousness of the 3-12 days after the infection, near the cat scratch transmitted from animal to man. More than cat bite. In fact, there have been suggestions that or cat bite site, usually at hands, arms or face. 60 percent of emerging human pathogens is the organism may cause plasma cell stomatitis, a These papules may progress, become pustules zoonotic. Causative groups of agents include progressive oral disease of the cat. The transmission and ulcerate. The individual may show symptoms parasites, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Often of of Bartonella henselae from cat to human happens of fever, headache and anorexia. minor importance and producing only minor by cat scratch or bite, although there has been symptoms, they may lead to severe disease, the occasional suggestion that the flea might Within about three weeks, the regional, usually especially in the very young and those in pass it on as well. There is one report suggesting epitrochlear, cervical, axillary lymph nodes weakened condition. transplacental transfer from mother to child. become inflamed, increase in size and become painful to the touch. In about one quarter of The diseases caused by the various members Body lice transmit , causing the cases, they may abscess and burst. In the of the group Bartonella vary from insignificant . While found in the unsanitary and immunocompetent individual, healing will take a in man to deadly: crowded conditions of the trenches of World War I, few weeks, and within a few more weeks lead to (Carrion’s disease), Bartonella quintana (trench today it causes disease in the homeless, the drug- full recovery. fever), Bartonella elizabethae (endocarditis), addicted and those immunosuppressed by disease Bartonella grahamii (retinitis), Bartonella or chemotherapy. In the HIV/AIDS population About one out of 10 infected patients may exhibit vinsoni (endocarditis), Bartonel