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Translation Series No.1517 -1 . FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 1517 • ••■ `-f.. Investigation of water masses of continental water bodies by statistical methods with the use of EDP. By N.V. Butorin and N.P.. Smirnov Original title: Issldovaniya vodnykh mass kontinental'nykh - ' vodoemovstatisticheskim metodom.s isporzovâniem EVM. - From: Khimizm vnutrennikh vodoemov i faktory, ikh zagryazneniya i samoochishcheniya (Chemistry of inland waters and factors of their pollution and self-purification), : 86-99, 1968. Translateu by the Translation Bureau(AM) Foreign.Languages Division' - Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Fisheries Research Board of Canada Freshwater Institute Winnipeg, Manitoba 1970 . 24 pages typescript .r , f. • i s-/7 • DE'PARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS FOREIGN LANGUAGES DIVISION DES LANGUES DIVISION CANADA ÉTRANGÈRES TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE INTO - EN Russian . - English AUTHOR - AUTEUR Butorin N.V. and N.P. Smirnov TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS Investigation of water masses of continental water bodies by statistical methods with the use of EDP Title in foreign language (transliterebe foreign chametera) Issldovaniya vodnykh mass kontinentallnykh vodoemov statisticheskim metodom s ispollzovaniem EVM RÇFRENCE IN FOREIGN 17 ANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHAIRACTERS. • REFERENCE EN LANGUE ETRANGERE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION) AU COMPLET. TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTERES PHONETIQUES. Khimism vnutrennikh vodoemov i faktory ikh zagryazneniya i samoochishcheniya. REFERENCE IN ENGLISH RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS Chemism of internal bodies of water and faetors in their pollution and self-cleaning. PUBL ISH ER - ÉDITEUR PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL DATE OF PUBLICATION NUMEROS DES PAGES DANS Not available DATE DE PUBLICATION L'ORIGINAL YE'A.R ISSUE NO. VOLUME 86-99 EE NUMÉRO PLACE OF PUBLICATION Anti NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES ' LIEU DE PUBLICATION çs'-g, NOMBRE OE PAG.ES DACTYLOGRAPHIEES Not available 1968 REQUESTING DEPARTMENT Fisheries & Forestry TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. • MIN ISTÉRE-CLIENT NOTRE D6SSIER NO 1()87 BRANCH OR DIVISION TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) AM. DIRECTION OU DIVISION Fisheries Research Board TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) Dr. Gregg Brundkill, Freshwater PERSON IREQUESTING DATE CpMPLETED AUG 1 9 1910 DEMANDE PAR Institute, Winnipeg, Man. • ACHEVE LE YOUR NUMBER VOTRE DOSSIER N° 769-18-14 UNEDiTED DRAFT TRANSLATION • Only for infoiniation DATE OF REQUEST 8.5.70 DATE DE LA DEMANDE TRADUCTION NON REVISÉE Infounation. seulement 505.200-10-6 ( R EV. 2/681 e . o IS1i DEPARTMENTOFTHESECRETARYOFSTATE • • SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU • BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS FOREIGN LANGUAGES DIVISION DIVISION DES LANGUES ÉTRANGÈRES . CANADA CLIENTS NO. DEPARTMENT DIVISION/BRANCH CITY No DU CLIENT MINISTERE DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE 769-18-14 Fisheries & Forestry Fisheries Research Board Winnipeg, Man BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) DATE N° DU BUREAU LANGUE TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) 1087 Russian AM. AUG 1.9 1970 UNI:D;TED DRAFT TRANSLATION 0ny lor information TRADUCTION NON REVISÉE Informaiion seulement INVESTIGATION OF WATERSASSES OF CONTINENTAL WATT* BODIES BI STATISTICAL METHODS WITH THE USE OF EDP N.V..Butorin and N. P. Smirnov • The work of Russian and foreign authors has demonstrated conc- lusively that the understanding of "water mass", as the term was defined by A.D. Dobrovollskii (1961), is applicable not only to seas and oceans, but to large continental water bodies. The distribution of certain phys- ical and chemicalcharacteristics of waters enables the definition within them of water masses, which possess definite physical and chemical prop- erties (Butorin, 1965). The heterogeneity of the water masses of reservoirs is particularly sharply defined. Thus, in the Rybinsk Reservoir, distincly distinguishable are the water masses of the Volga, Mologa and Sheksna Rivers and that of the central part of this body of water. In general outline, the distrib- ution of thé water masses in the Rybinsk ReserVoir, by season of the year, Translator's note: The number in the margin refers to the page number of the original text. 2 can be described as follows. In spring, significant regions of the reser- voir, contiguous with the river areas of the Volga, Mologa and Sheksna, are filled with Volga, Mologa and Sheksna water masses. In the summer-fall period the regions occupied by these masses gradually diminish in size, and in the fall, they can be traced only at their point of exit into the main lake-like body of the reservoir. During these seasons a wide area of the central part of the reservoir is occupied by a water mass of that name. In winter the Volga, Mologa and Sheksna masses gradually force out the water mass of the central part of the reservoir and towards the end of winter, they again occupy, along the flooded valleys of the corresponding rivers, wide areas of the reservoir (Butorin, 1966a). During the individual seasons significant differences between water masses in the Rybinsk Reservoir can be readily observed even in limited areas of the water body. Similar phenomena are noted also in other reservoirs of the Volga watershed (Edeltshtein, 1965). A basic problem in the analysis of the water masses of any body of water lies in correctly distinguishing thevarious distinctive features of the waters, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Its solution can only be realized on the condition of a valid, physically substantiated selection of criterea or indices, which must constitute the basis of the definition of the water mass. A decisive role is also played, at this point, by the selection of a principle for the definition of a water mass. • For the definition of water masses in fresh bodies of water, as it is with marine bodies of water, it is customary to utilize the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters. In different seasons at some of the bodies of water, it is sometimes possible to establish the distri- bution of the water masses by as little as one or two indicators, such as, for example, by the concentration of carbonates and temperature (Schmalz, 1932), turbidity (Atkins and Jenkins, 1955; Ziminova, 1963), the concen- tration of sulphates (Schrader, 1956), colority and transParency (Fort- unatov, 1953) and electroconductivity (Kazarovets, 1060). However, the. possibility of distinguishing water masses in this manner presents itself extremely rarely. At the present time we are not aware of any one index or a group of fully définitive indecies, which would be common to fresh , water bodies and which would permit a direct characterization of their water masses. • Up until the most recent times we.utilized, for the definition of the water masses of Volga River reservoirs, methods borrowed from oceanology. These methods are based on the analysis of the horizontal and vertical distribution of the individual characteristics of the medium. Thus, the basis of one of these methods consists of the analysis of the spatial distribution .f the magnitudes of the most representative index. In this method, the boundary between water masses coincides with the line of the maximum gradients of the given index. Another method permits the simultaneous utilization of two indicies. It is based on the construction and analysis of curves of the ITS' type, and triangles of mixing. The delineation of water masses in this method is Carried out along lines of their 50% mixing (Butorin, 1966b). Despite a number of positive results which accrue from the application of the methods indicated for - the definition of the water . masses of Volga reservoirs, their utilization is accompanied by defin- ite difficulties. For example, in utilizing theinethod of.maximuM grad- ients, the probability is very high of,cases in which the lingesèfièic-.. aration between, a number of fully representative indicies do nOt coin- cide spatially. In such cases it is difficult to giVe prèference to one or another index and the selection:of one of them for the delineation of the water masses becomes, to a certain extent, a subjective matter. Where regimes are unstable and in the shoal waters of reservoirs, diff- iculties are encountered also in the definition of.water masses by type . ITS' curves, due primarily- to the wide scattering of points, caused both. by the seasonal variability of indicies 'as well as their unequal repre, sentability. All'this leads to a certain indefiniteness in' the drawing of boundaries between water masses. Further,.the methods . indicated do not allow for an'evaluation of the degree of reliàbility , in the results • of the definition of water masses. From the very meaning of the term water mass it follows, that it ià most logiCal to define the water masses- of any body of water in the light of the whole complex of the various indicators of the State . the mediuM. However,to take seVeral indicators into account at one of time, for this purpose, is ustially a difficult process, inasmuch as they all have different units of measurement and degree of variability'. For this reason it is first essential to be able'to express the values of the indicators in the one system of units. For this it is possible to to utilize.the method of the standardization of characters (Sokol and Sueath, 1963). The substance of this method consists of the fact that the values of this or that character are examined in the form of a stat- istical series of independent variables and are transformed by the formula where x is the numerical value of the index; 2 is the mean of the series; 6 is the standard deviation and Si is the standardized value of the index. One of the first attempts at applying the method of the atandard- ization of characters for the definition of the water masses of shallow e bodies of fresh water, was that of M.G. Ershova (1968). Taking into account that the accuracy of the measurements of the various indicators varies sig- nificantly, Ershova, in ca1cu1atingIS2, introduced a compensating coeffic- ient which depended on the accuracy of the measurement and the degree of variability of the series of the conformable index by which the values of /88 sSi t are multiplied.
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