Sergey P. Gorshkov1*, Laurent Touchart2, Olga I. Mochalova3, Andrey Yu. Ozerskiy4, Larissa S. Evseeva1 1 Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University * Corresponding author, e-mail:
[email protected] 2 The University of Orleans 3 Environmental Initiatives Centre, Design Bureau, LLC 4 Krasnoyarsk Mining and Geological Company FROM PONDS TO MAN-MADE SEAS ENVIRONMENT IN RUSSIA 65 ABSTRACT. Russia has more than 2200 development, which was only natural reservoirs and large ponds. As time went by, under the existing totalitarian regime. The ponds lost their importance in some aspects Civil War of 1917–1922, confiscation of food of human life, while newly created man-made by the government, crop failures and famines seas impacted the nature and the people in in the early 1920s and 1930s, dekulakization two ways. The costs involved in designing, and collectivization, and industrialization constructing, and operating the artificial seas, aimed at developing the military industry especially on the plains, have been too high to took place amid the repressive crackdown consider them as an undisputed achievement and GULAG camps. Under the circumstances, of the Soviet scientists transforming the nature. the authorities had to make some highly This paper discusses the problem of ponds and questionable decisions relating to land man-made seas in Russia. ownership and the public. Josef Stalin and his henchmen took extremely tough social and KEY WORDS: mega projects, quantum leap, economic measures to make a quantum leap in overflowing, giant reservoir, large industrial the military and industrial development using complex, environmental damage, drift wood, coercion, punitive measures, and propaganda. abrasion, landslide processes, intensification Providing economy with electric power was of karst, disintegration of family relationships.