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Journal of Philosophy, Inc
Journal of Philosophy, Inc. The Harder Problem of Consciousness Author(s): Ned Block Source: The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 99, No. 8 (Aug., 2002), pp. 391-425 Published by: Journal of Philosophy, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3655621 Accessed: 04-08-2015 15:41 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Philosophy, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Philosophy. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.122.149.154 on Tue, 04 Aug 2015 15:41:39 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY VOLUME XCIX, NO. 8, AUGUST 2002 THE HARDER PROBLEM OF CONSCIOUSNESS* H. Huxley' famously said: "How it is that anything so re- T. markable as a state of consciousness comes about as a result of irritating nervous tissue, is just as unaccountable as the ap- pearance of Djin when Aladdin rubbed his lamp" (ibid., p. 19). We do not see how to explain a state of consciousness in terms of its neurological basis. This is the hard problemof consciousness.2 My aim here is to present another problem of consciousness. -
Philosophy of Mind
From the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Philosophy of Mind Frank Jackson, Georges Rey Philosophical Concept ‘Philosophy of mind’, and ‘philosophy of psychology’ are two terms for the same general area of philosophical inquiry: the nature of mental phenomena and their connection with behaviour and, in more recent discussions, the brain. Much work in this area reflects a revolution in psychology that began mid-century. Before then, largely in reaction to traditional claims about the mind being non-physical (see Dualism; Descartes), many thought that a scientific psychology should avoid talk of ‘private’ mental states. Investigation of such states had seemed to be based on unreliable introspection (see Introspection, psychology of), not subject to independent checking (see Private language argument), and to invite dubious ideas of telepathy (see Parapsychology). Consequently, psychologists like B.F. Skinner and J.B. Watson, and philosophers like W.V. Quine and Gilbert Ryle argued that scientific psychology should confine itself to studying publicly observable relations between stimuli and responses (see Behaviourism, methodological and scientific; Behaviourism, analytic). However, in the late 1950s, several developments began to change all this: (i) The experiments behaviourists themselves ran on animals tended to refute behaviouristic hypotheses, suggesting that the behaviour of even rats had to be understood in terms of mental states (see Learning; Animal language and thought). (ii) The linguist Noam Chomsky drew attention to the surprising complexity of the natural languages that children effortlessly learn, and proposed ways of explaining this complexity in terms of largely unconscious mental phenomena. (iii) The revolutionary work of Alan Turing (see Turing machines) led to the development of the modern digital computer. -
Nielsen Collection Holdings Western Illinois University Libraries
Nielsen Collection Holdings Western Illinois University Libraries Call Number Author Title Item Enum Copy # Publisher Date of Publication BS2625 .F6 1920 Acts of the Apostles / edited by F.J. Foakes v.1 1 Macmillan and Co., 1920-1933. Jackson and Kirsopp Lake. BS2625 .F6 1920 Acts of the Apostles / edited by F.J. Foakes v.2 1 Macmillan and Co., 1920-1933. Jackson and Kirsopp Lake. BS2625 .F6 1920 Acts of the Apostles / edited by F.J. Foakes v.3 1 Macmillan and Co., 1920-1933. Jackson and Kirsopp Lake. BS2625 .F6 1920 Acts of the Apostles / edited by F.J. Foakes v.4 1 Macmillan and Co., 1920-1933. Jackson and Kirsopp Lake. BS2625 .F6 1920 Acts of the Apostles / edited by F.J. Foakes v.5 1 Macmillan and Co., 1920-1933. Jackson and Kirsopp Lake. PG3356 .A55 1987 Alexander Pushkin / edited and with an 1 Chelsea House 1987. introduction by Harold Bloom. Publishers, LA227.4 .A44 1998 American academic culture in transformation : 1 Princeton University 1998, c1997. fifty years, four disciplines / edited with an Press, introduction by Thomas Bender and Carl E. Schorske ; foreword by Stephen R. Graubard. PC2689 .A45 1984 American Express international traveler's 1 Simon and Schuster, c1984. pocket French dictionary and phrase book. REF. PE1628 .A623 American Heritage dictionary of the English 1 Houghton Mifflin, c2000. 2000 language. REF. PE1628 .A623 American Heritage dictionary of the English 2 Houghton Mifflin, c2000. 2000 language. DS155 .A599 1995 Anatolia : cauldron of cultures / by the editors 1 Time-Life Books, c1995. of Time-Life Books. BS440 .A54 1992 Anchor Bible dictionary / David Noel v.1 1 Doubleday, c1992. -
How Propaganda Works How Works
HOW PROPAGANDA WORKS HOW WORKS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS JASON STANLEY Princeton Oxford Copyright © 2015 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu Jacket design by Chris Ferrante Excerpts from Victor Kemperer, The Language of the Third Reich: LTI, Lingua Tertii Imperii, translated by Martin Brady © Reclam Verlag Leipzig, 1975. Used by permission of Bloomsbury Academic, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. All Rights Reserved ISBN 978– 0– 691– 16442– 7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014955002 British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Sabon Next LT Pro and League Gothic Printed on acid- free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This will always remain one of the best jokes of democracy, that it gave its deadly enemies the means by which it was destroyed. — JOSEPH GOEBBELS, REICH MINISTER OF PROPAGANDA, 1933– 45 CONTENTS Preface IX Introduction: The Problem of Propaganda 1 1 Propaganda in the History of Political Thought 27 2 Propaganda Defined 39 3 Propaganda in Liberal Democracy 81 4 Language as a Mechanism of Control 125 5 Ideology 178 6 Political Ideologies 223 7 The Ideology of Elites: A Case Study 269 Conclusion 292 Acknowledgments 295 Notes 305 Bibliography 335 Index 347 PREFACE In August 2013, after almost a decade of teaching at Rutgers University and living in apartments in New York City, my wife Njeri Thande and I moved to a large house in New Haven, Connecticut, to take up positions at Yale University. -
Claudia Dutson Phd by Practice Royal College of Art November
Thermal Performance The politics of environmental management in architecture Claudia Dutson PhD by Practice Royal College of Art November 2016 AHRC-funded This text represents the submission for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Royal College of Art. This copy has been supplied for the purpose of research for private study, on the understanding that it is copyright material, and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Thank you for your help, support, patience and love: Cathy Johns, Martina Margetts, Àine Duffy, Fernando Rihl, Delfina Fantini Van Ditmar, Bruna Petreca, Helga Schmid, Will Hadwen, Fiona Brownfoot, Martine Dempsey, Wes Baggaley, Daisy Ginsberg, Konstantinos Chalaris, Jo-Anne Bichard, Neil Parkinson, Louisa Dutson, Barclay Dutson and Wendy Dutson. The instigators, inciters, inquisitors: Hilary French, Nigel Coates, Diana Tanase, Joan Ashworth, Lee Triming, Neil Shepherd, Tatiana Hennessey, Katie Lloyd-Thomas. And to those from other institutions whose generosity, of their time, of their engagement, and of inclusion were of so much value. Tilo Amhoff, Nick Beech, and the people I met at AHRA Conference Industries of Architecture especially Hélène Frichot, Julianna Preston, Karen Burns, Stephan White. Peg Rawes, who invited me and a colleague to attend her PhD Symposia at the Bartlett School of Architecture. Doug Spencer at the Architectural Association, Alex Wilkie at Goldsmiths, Jane Rendell at UCL Bartlett, Lois Weaver at Queen Mary University, Ysabel Clare at Goldsmiths. Thank you also to colleagues and friends at the Royal College of Art, all of whom have supported this thesis and made the work possible by providing spaces to work, props, and generally going way beyond their remit to help. -
Proposal for Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Mind
Proposal for Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Mind Edited by Jonathan Cohen∗and Brian McLaughliny This volume will introduce the central debates in contemporary philosophy of mind. The volume will include ten pairs of newly commissioned essays ad- vocating opposing viewpoints | one for each of the ten topics listed below. In addition, the editors will provide a substantive introduction that will lay out the necessary background for the debates and locate the individual topics within philosophy of mind and in relation to one another. The essays will each be around 6000 to 8000 words in length, and will be accessible to upper-level undergraduates and graduate students. Consequently, we expect that the volume could be used as text for advanced courses in phi- losophy of mind. However, the essays will also represent the state of play in the areas, and will contain original argumentation by eminent philosophers, so it will also be an important text for academics working in philosophy of mind and adjoining areas. We have organized our questions under the three headings that, in our minds, structure the central debates in contemporary philosophy of mind: questions about the ontology of the mental, questions about the nature of mental content, and questions about the nature of consciousness. For many of the questions on our list, we have suggested a number of backup authors in case our first choices are unable to write the essays. Although some names appear more than once on our list (including appearances as backup authors) we would not allow more than one piece by a single author in the volume. -
Libro CONFLICTOS ENTRE DERECHOS Digital.Pdf
Sistema Bibliotecario de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación Catalogación PO C410.113 Conflictos entre derechos : ensayos desde la filosofía práctica / coordinadores C663c Miguel Ángel García Godínez, Diana Beatriz González Carvallo ; esta obra estuvo a cargo del Centro de Estudios Constitucionales de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación ; presentación Ministro Arturo Zaldívar Lelo de Larrea ; introducción Ruth Chang .-- Primera edición. -- Ciudad de México, México : Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, 2019. 1 recurso en línea (xxvii, 378 páginas). -- (Metodologías) ISBN 978-607-552-138-1 1. Colisión de derechos – Análisis 2. Aplicación de derechos fundamentales – Ponderación – Decisiones judiciales 3. Razón – Derecho 4. Principio de proporcionalidad – Normas – Valores – Ciudadanos – Jueces 5. Democracia – Condiciones sociales 6. Estado de Necesidad – Conflictos jurídicos I. García Godínez, Miguel Ángel, coordinador II. González Carvallo, Diana Beatriz, coordinador III. Zaldívar Lelo de Larrea, Arturo, 1959- , escritor de prólogo IV. Chang, Ruth, autor de introducción V. México. Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación. Centro de Estudios Constitucionales VI. serie LC KGF356.S85 Primera edición: enero de 2020 D.R. © Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación Avenida José María Pino Suárez núm. 2 Colonia Centro, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc C.P. 06060, Ciudad de México, México. Prohibida su reproducción total o parcial por cualquier medio, sin autorización escrita de los titulares de los derechos. El contenido de esta obra es responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no representa en forma alguna la opinión institucional de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación. Esta obra estuvo a cargo del Centro de Estudios Constitucionales de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación. -
Georges Rey, Philosophy, Univ of Maryland, College Park 20742; [email protected]
Georges Rey, Philosophy, Univ of Maryland, College Park 20742; [email protected] NEW 2009 VERSION (an expansion of the version that appeared in Martin, R. and Kolak, D., The Experience of Philosophy, 6th ed., Oxford UP, 2005) 21 October 2009 Meta-atheism: Religious Avowal as Self-Deception (Long Version)1 1. Introduction I’m not a professional philosopher of religion and have no special knowledge of theology. However, I regularly teach an introductory course in philosophy in which I discuss the standard arguments for the existence of God. The exercise has produced in me a certain incredulity: I have come increasingly to wonder how such extremely smart people, like Aquinas or Descartes, could advance such patently bad arguments, as I think most philosophers (even those who claim to “believe”) would take those arguments to be. At any rate, I find it hard to believe that anyone really buys the “ontological argument,” or any of Aquinas’ “five ways.” Existence may or may not be a predicate, and there may or may not be unmoved movers, uncaused causers, and undesigned teleological systems, but these arguments don’t remotely establish their intended conclusion, the existence of anything like the traditional Christian God with His astounding properties of, e.g., eternality, omniscience, omnipotence and necessary benevolence (for brevity, I’ll refer to these latter properties as “omni” properties, a being possessing them as an “omni” being). And “religious experiences” or “intuitions” no matter how ecstatic or profound, could obviously be explained by any number of other far more modest hypotheses (I'll briefly discuss all these issues in §2 below). -
Feminism in Philosophy
THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO FEMINISM IN PHILOSOPHY EDITED BY MIRANDA FRICKER Heythrop College, University of London AND JENNIFER HORNSBY Birkbeck College, University of London published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb22ru, UK http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York ny 10011±4211, USA http://www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia # Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in 10/13pt Sabon [ce] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data The Cambridge companion to feminism in philosophy / edited by Miranda Fricker and Jennifer Hornsby. p. cm. isbn 0 521 62451 7 (hardback). ± isbn 0 521 62469 X (paperback) 1. Feminism ± Philosophy. i. Fricker, Miranda. ii. Hornsby, Jennifer. hq1154.c25 2000 305.42'01±dc21 99±21117 cip isbn 0 521 62451 7 hardback isbn 0 521 62469 X paperback CONTENTS List of contributors page ix Preface xiii Introduction 1 miranda fricker and jennifer hornsby 1 Feminism in ancient philosophy: The feminist stake in Greek rationalism 10 sabina lovibond -
A Brief Tour of the Introductions to Consciousness Studies
Epilogue: A Brief Tour of the Introductions to Consciousness Studies That a man should simply and profoundly say that he cannot understand how consciousness has come into existence – is perfectly natural. But that a man should glue his eye to a microscope and stare and stare – and still not be able to see how it happens – is ridiculous, and it is particularly ridiculous when it is supposed to be serious. […] If the natural scientists had been developed in Socrates’ day as they are now, all the sophists would have been scientists. One would have hung a microscope outside his shop in order to attract custom, and then would have had a sign painted saying: “Learn and see through a giant microscope how a man thinks” (Soren Kierkegaard, diary entry of 1846 ) Like a fortress under siege, consciousness has so far resisted any attempts to provide convincing solutions to the many questions it poses. The great neurophysiologist Sir Charles Sherrington (Fig. 1 ) neatly captured the problem of understanding the very nature of consciousness as a phenomenon which appears to elude scientifi c explana- tion within the domain of physical science: “The energy-concept […] embraces and unifi es much. […] Immense as it is, and self-satisfying as it is, and self-contained as it is, it yet seems but an introduction to something else. For instance a star which we perceive. The energy-scheme deals with it, describes the passing of radiation thence into the eye, the little light-image of it formed at the bottom of the eye, the ensuing photo-chemical action in the retina, the trains of action- potentials travelling along the nerve to the brain, the further electrical disturbance in the brain, the action- potentials streaming thence to the muscles of eye-balls and of the pupil, the contrac- tion of them sharpening the light-image and placing the best seeing part of the retina under it. -
The Experience of Philosophy
Contents Preface Vtl Part I: Beginning Philosophy 1. Plato, The Trial of Socrates 2 2. Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority 23 3. Jiddu Krishnamurti, The Function ofEducation 30 4. Bertrand Russell, The Value of Philosophy 34 Part II: Where and When 5. Edwin Abbott, Flatland 40 6. Daniel Kolak and David Goloff, The Incredible Shrinking Zeno 57 7. Daniel Dennett, Where Am I? 71 8. Albert Einstein, On the Idea ofTime in Physics 80 9. Kadri Vihvelin, Time Travel: The Rules of the Road 84 Part III: Who 10. Daniel Kolak, Descartes among the Ruins 96 ll. Buddha, On Having No Self 104 12. D. E. Harding, On Having No Head 107 13. René Descartes, On Self and Substance 111 14. John Locke, Personal Identity 120 15. David Hume, Personal Identity 128 16. Thomas Reid, Critique ofLocke and Hume on BehalfofCommon Sense 131 17. Raymond Martin, Personal Identity from Plato to Padit 139 18. Char10tte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper 155 19. AdamjLinda Parascandola, Trans or Me? 168 lil iv CONTENTS Part IV: Preedom 20. Baron Holbach, The Illusion ofFree Will 176 21. David Hume, Liberty and Necessity 182 22. William James, The Dilemma of Determinism 194 23. G. E. Moore, Free Will 201 24. Richard Taylor, Freedom and Determinism 209 25. Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism and Human Freedom 219 Part V: J(nowledge 26. Plato, Knowledge 226 27. René Descartes, Meditations 250 28. John Locke, Where Our 1deas Come From 259 29. George Berkeley, To Be ls to Be Perceived 263 30. Bertrand Russell, Perception, Knowledge, and 1nduction 268 31. -
Crime and Consciousness: Science and Involuntary Acts Deborah W
University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Minnesota Law Review 2002 Crime and Consciousness: Science and Involuntary Acts Deborah W. Denno Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Denno, Deborah W., "Crime and Consciousness: Science and Involuntary Acts" (2002). Minnesota Law Review. 747. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr/747 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Minnesota Law Review collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Crime and Consciousness: Science and Involuntary Acts Deborah W. Dennot [T]he state of a man's mind is as much a fact as the state of his digestion.1 INTRODUCTION In 1906, psychologist Edouard Clapar~de experimented with the mind. He pricked the hand of a memory-impaired patient while greeting her with a pin concealed between his fingers. As always, the patient failed to recognize Claparode when the two soon met again; yet, she refused to shake his hand, explaining that it might be unpleasant but she did not know why.2 With this test, Clapar~de revealed the dynamics of 1 Professor of Law, Fordham University School of Law. I am most grateful to the following individuals for their comments on this Article: Jerome Bruner, Paul Chevigny, Edward Chikofsky, Dwight Denno, Hal Edgar, Phoebe Ellsworth, Cynthia Estlund, Robert Ferguson, Lawrence Fleischer, Katherine Franke, Kent Greenawalt, Christopher Hale, Nancy King, Dorie Klein, Benjamin Libet, Jack Litman, Henry Monaghan, Ren~e Romkens, Kendall Thomas, Vance Torbert, Lloyd Weinreb, Ian Weinstein, and R.