Article 107220 Aaefd807478d9

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2012.107220

Athalia rosae # (Hym.: Tenthredinidae) " ! %&' ( %& ' )( $ Preliminary study on biology and seasonal population dynamics of Turnip Sawfly, Athalia rosae (Hym.: Tenthredinidae), on Canola in Kurdistan province

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∗ Corresponding author: [email protected]

! ... " ! : % 61 * (

JKI2 &K)2 ' k(K\ . &CK - h' 9 \ = :U & Oi h' Q>'>. jV J /HD Q dHK - . &6K &KX ! n±/ [6%- 6+ 9 &X lm d/>-. [>' & 9%C K &K- & ' K & . m rl/ ± lm/ Z & . /l l/q± K & L6+ . s! K2 s &\ = H. & -cH L6+ 9 . ± l/ 'H & ±!/ / . ±m/l n/ K 'H &6K- & . n/±n/ &K- '/\ ' X L6+ Q dH - . / ( L6+

&K\ AT LK & : tA/4 &K\ & A LK & =) *+ & &- 9 'H : =*:H . &6 & K 9KHZ WKN& & 'N Q Z 6e 9 = HCdH%:-. . >&' Q )2 /: . . &6 - ' 8 uN '%- %H _ R X . . $%&'( 3( =:>. = ) ' G2 Athalia rosae : $( $1 5:

Abstract Increasing of population and outbreak of the turnip sawfly Athalia rosae (Hym.: Tenthredinidae) caused severe damages in many fields of Marivan region in 2001. In this study, biological traits and population dynamics of this pest were investigated in Marivan region during 2004-2005. Results showed that this pest has 3 generations per year and main damage to canola caused by larvae of 3 rd generation that its adults emerged in mid of September. The larvae of first and second generations feed on weeds and vegetables in Brassicaceae family. The adult of first generation emerge at early of April and they mate immediately then lay the eggs. Maximum number of laid eggs by one female sawfly in laboratory condition was 57 and mean was 28.2 ±14. The average developmental periods of egg and larvae were 5.1 ±0.59 and 17.65 ± 1.57 days, respectively and the means of pupa stage for females and males were 9.8 ±1.29 and 12 ±1.95 days, respectively and total life span was 32-38 days. Average longevity of adult female and male was 9.4 ±2.24 and 5.7 ±1.42 days respectively. Sexual ratio (male: female) in the natural condition were 1: 2.68 and 1: 3.03 in 2004 and 2005 respectively. This insect overwinters as final instar larva in a coccon in a few centimeters deep in the soil. Key word: Athalia rosae , population dynamics, biology, Canola, Kurdistan.

A4 @A=B ? # > 5 # <= : 1! $1 $ ;

C 6/Kx v>6K y [>' & =/x z' vi $ Q>'2 J5- . vw> $6X 9 3x '>CKD $Kw- v%\ 9 6/x {0H Oi & Q> 3 >D =/x . = 9%' 'U 962 &6- K L'K%x & &'K vK- 'KU fKi S>6K vX. Z6|1- '> y2 & .= : = x z& 3x vx6N YU 9H& Qi . = '} ; - M3- .' z aX z'K &6K Q 2'D . ' H- U 9bcx Qi L|1% . ~D v- y6V- . vKi zK 9KH& Q K & &6K ZK &'w X W :H%D z& 3x . = O- Y& 9>CG2 & =K&' YK02 K K Q> . - &6N' ( e& T 2 T ) v>Z 9H& Qi e& =KX 9K &.K v- J ' 9H%: 2 Z6|1- Y& =/x z' Y.Z 9 -. Y 9:>0- .K H &6- 96X Q - 2 & N vb &- $3 - & =*k- ' }2 ' fX y6V- v z>0 Kx K> KH62 vK- K 5- FK0H z&6K*H. =)Ke 9)K62 & &6K '};K- 3 H Q X. ./K( Z6|1- b62 ( &1- W-6X 9 . .( Shiranirad and Dehshiri, 2002 ) =K ( =K ( ' J 0%:-' i > J 0%:- 6+ 9 9( - i 9H& NZ 'K Q> .*- =N b62 F>3 6- 9 &C - 6 ' }2 L6|1- & 9K7> 9K 9K62 K 9( - Athalia ~ 6*H. 3( J5- . 7> . - & :KN KH62 H d5 - :\ : 9\'- 9( ) H&6 26( \'- . . K K- 9K62 W U : $ :N Cb & - 'U 9 \ &6- ( ( $'* &\ &6b 3( M3- e& . F $6>'- 90V- & A L & = Q> & 9K( &6 U 9 9 \ &6- M3- & :N . & 9 :N e& 2 , K K K8 YKcH 9K 6*c- 2*H \ $-. 7 $% 2*H \ . . H = L'%( ' % ' e6|KKN KK 'KK 9KKH6 QKKD & Athalia ~KK g 2 %:KK 6 KK)bV- & $ 6b6 ^3 Q Y.6-'( &)2 W- Z W-( '/\ 7>6b6'-

" " Cotyledon stage

A ... " ! : % 61 * (

ab6 Q 2'D g 26'%7b 6db F('D ) *+ $ & % $ 3 - $ W- .( .( Abe, 1988 ) H > Z 9K Athalia ~K . JK 9K gK>&3H H6 9 Uchidoi et al. (1993) )bV- ' 6KK+ 9KK A. japonica Klug A. infumata Marlatt A. rosae ruficornis Jakovlev KK YKKH 'Kd>& KH6 & 9K =*:KH A. r. ruficornis Z . %: ('D QD 6/( & &'%: KH6 gK> A. infumata . K - -' 9 '%/ =-0- '%/ 6 H =X' & 9K FK( & A. japonica KH6 . && .6DK>& 9K W> 2 Q>'% ( - -' 9 Y0- Hussain ) [K62 K YcH )bV- . &6 - .6D>& & ' F D \'- & &6>'D6% T T 2 A. proxima Klug ' d% 9( && $/H $%:(D U 9* & ( and Chatha, 1981 K h'K K\ 'K+ & &'K- 6e 9 JI2 &- '/\ /( - L6+ 90 U& L6K+ . t K2 Cd I2 . &C - H%12 Y D `1 '2 h' 3('- & CKd I2 & . Q Kb & OK i JKI2 &KKX K2 4 &K- 'K/K\ /K( - K & L6+ Q dH - & Kapadia et al . (1980) ' .' &C - K- L6K+ OK 2'2 9 9( &6 Z Q t & = Q> . &6 . 4/t A. proxima JI2 ' K \'- - L6 + Q dH - . A/ 4/ A/ 4/ A/4 4/ Q Q> '/K\ 'K K( - H. . 4/ T/t OK 2'2 9 &- 'H . = &6 . 4 / & Hussain (1980) K0 012 . &CK - JI2 44 t/ [6%- 6+ 9 &6N H. L6+ & &- t4" *:KH = 6+ 4T 4t" ◦C [>' =12 d/>-. & A. proxima 6b6 $%:(D t t K2 & g> & Y D >Z jV & &'- 6e 9 JI2 9( = && $/H % A K JKI2 . H ?>'2 . t 2 T . ) JI2 % [6%- 6+ 9 . H6 - 9%C . 9K>CG2 K h'K . &6K Z QK t & K Z H - 'H &' 9 W>*2 ' i K 9H& . ' 'c\ g> Z . H6 - ' 9 W>*2 . t 2 T . ~D ( - RK 012 gK> & . /K( K- L6K+ . 4 K2 ' K K\'- &.K K- 3K 9-

" " Electrophoretic " Photoperiod

AT @A=B ? # > 5 # <= : 1! $1 $ ;

A. proxima 6Kb6 Jagtap and Kadam (1978) [K62 $%K & 9K( d/>-. &6 - YcH W-( '/\ #'N . ) 9ef ' d% 9( >&' I/- YcH . K2 . 3K>' I2 & . &6K - M' ' d% . ) =X 2 4 Q 3>' I2 6K+ 9K JKI2 K2 &- '/\ . = &6 . /T [6%- 6+ 9 &6 ' G%- [K6%- 6+ 9 ' G%- . 2 . JI2 & . HC - JI2 tt/ [6%- . K - . 4 t/ [6%- 6+ 9 . 2 A Q Z & ./( - L6+ . / '/K\ 'K X L6K+ = ' G%- . T 2 44 Q L W:H $ W-( ' Y.Z $-. - &K- 9K 'H : =*:H - . 2 'H '/\ &6- & . 2 &- W-( .= &6 t/4 9 & 9K '2 A. lugens proxima Klug 6Kb6 ' & Patil and Pokharkar (1973) 9 K\ 7>&3H & &'H 6e 9 JI2 9( H&& $/H * & 9X3- d/>-. L6K+ . K2 4 Z & . 2 & . H6 - 9%C $6 h' K\'- . &6 - W 7/2 uN WN& & ' - Z Q t & = Q> /( - . . &6K K- W 72 . 2 & = H. & . -cH - L6V . 4 2 A ' & A. cordata Lepeletier 9K( =K && $/H Nikolova (1972) [62 YcH )bV- uKN WKN& & 9K D WKN& & Z 6Ke 9K $ HCdH%:-. &6 L & W:H & L6K+ YK 2 & d/>-. & A. rosae $62 - Sawa et al.(1989) R 012 .' - . && B 'KD 7>K2 =XK A >K =XK t 6KH & 4 ◦C -& & L Z QK t & &K- . /K( K- L6+ . Z \'- . &\ JI2 \'- . H.K K- 9K D gK> uN & &'( `f-( Z . %& Z Q 'H L6K+ . 'H & . &\ &- & ' & . ' F D \'- ( - ' d% ) . H- - U 9 D WN& . g> - 9 W-( '/\ . /( - $ b Wurtemburg 0V- & A. rosae = M6 L*H& 9 . HC - JI2 &X . F &6 KH `f-K( . _ 'X & L&'N L6|1- 90V- Q>_ & $ D & 9( t L & K $3 - 9( && $/H )bV- Q> . .i = Q> =:>. -. & )bV-

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$K $. $K 'K ' & R V- 9( &6 . & t/ 2 T/ 4 ◦C -& & Z *:H LK*H& 9K 3K H K Z KH. >CKi &6- '|- $3 - . &6 '% ( > . / 'X & Z Y& K& & K-& &6K &6K>'D6% ' }K2 =12 `2 X .6D>& . ' ' & $ $. F>3 & K)- ' }K2 &6K>'D6% 9K( && $/KH K K' . ( Ohnesorge, 1979 ) =& 'U = =XKK KK26( . [>'KK =KK12 Z KK $3KK - . && A. rosae Z 9KK>CG2 . .( Nadasy et al. 1996 ) K K- &6KN K0- Q>'2ZK 9K 7>K2 =XK T > 6K*H. 9K $6K2 vK- KH& $ =K ) L'K%x & z '};K- FK0H 9x = Q> v) *+ $ & zK ~d- (Constantineanu, 1982 ) Ichneumonidae &6HN . Labrossyta scotoptera (Grav.) 6KKK*H. Tachinidae &6HKKKN . Exorista rustica (Fall.) Meigenia mutabilis (Fall.) zKK ~KKd- (Ohnesorge, 1979) Ichneumonidae &6HKKN . Perilissus lutescens (Hlmgr.) Tachinidae &6HKKKN . Vibrissina turrita (Zinov'eva,1972), Meigenia bisignata (Meig.) Steinernematidae & 6HKKKKKN . Steinernema carpocapsae KKKKK2 H ( Nagasaka, 1988 ) =K gK> $'> $%&'( $% & = Q> 97> 9 'H . &6 H ( Saringer et al . 1996 ) 'K G2 %:>. ' YcH Cb &6*H '%& & $ . H_ Xf+ 9( &6 > . . - 'H 9 ' % )

D $ : $: C3 ) 3 : E, : : W-K 9K( K &% B . = , ' : ; $ ; G F YKU 3( X3- Q>_ & d% 6e 9 6- Q> ' ' '/\ 62 . &% " 9K WK0%- % WK7b 9 , 9H6 H ( 62 4 9X3- ' & ) H.62 9 WK-( '/K\ 7K ' y \ H &. 92 . &% 4" . W \ d/>-. 9K% 'K K && 'KU y 6K%1- KH &. K g% /K2 9KX3- 9 & ( Q> ' $ B'KD 9X3- . = Z , ." &'> , 7 9H6 H KHdH [K62 , 9H6 H > ) W-( '/\ #'N 2 d/>-. &

At @A=B ? # > 5 # <= : 1! $1 $ ;

.( .( >&' YcH Y& . &%K K yI%H 3( X3- 9 6- Q> ' : = = ) ' G2 ' " gK> 6K2 9 ' ' ) &. 62 4 &)2 9X3- ' 'VU & &H% ' '/\62 9K L0%H . ~D , 9H6 H ( &6 T $ '72 &)2 &' 9H6 H \ 9K)& 'K 'K =K =K ) 'K Q dHK - . ~D `%>5H H &'> > d/>-. K X 3K( =K&' . ~KD 9( = j 62 9 Y.Z . I/- = = ) ' G2 . . YcH 3( 9X3- '+ .' aX & H.62 &' 9H6 H K =K) *+ & =K Z & L6+ Q )2 ' : =) *+ & Z & L6+ Q )2 " K>&' I/K- JI2 . L Q Z 'k(\ #'N $-. M3- O2'- ' >&. uKN WKN& 9 'N Q Z 'k(\ & $-. ' %:- H ( Z qq WU\ ) = W:H ' Z & L6+ O 2'2 Q> >&' I/- 3 H ' 9 $ W>*2 =5 . . >&' Q )2 *>'02 6+ 9 =) *+ & K W1- 6- Q> ' : = HCdH%:-. 61H HCdH%:-. W1- ' " 'KU K' &6K- uKN WKN& 6('>. >0 h' '>. ' H a%I- .K K 9 B'D '] L0%H d/>-. & = Z B'D Q .=' 9 K 9K 'K] $HK6D #K 3>' ./( 0 012 d%:> 9+61- K' K . ' L'%( =12 . [>' & $ HCdH%:-. 62 9_D RK X 'K .KH L'K%( =12 [ 1- & =) *+ & = HCdH%:-. W1- R U& K I/K- uKN WKN& & ' K W 7/K2 *>'02 9-& uN WN& & 9HZ W 7/2 Kd% O2'- >&. 9X3- & = W:H &)2 $&6 H I/- ' .( &6- WU\ ) 6K5] ' K Z W K\'- 'K d D 3>' I2 W1- Q%''H'>. 9X3- . 3K( =K&' . ~KD K I/K- =K W:KH &K)2 `K%>5H 9KX3- & WK-( '/\ . . L*H& - $ ^8 _ '> . *X 9( $ 3 - '> ' = =:>. 'K\ 9K& K d/K>-. b6 )- [>' & = B'D : d/>-. B'D : y

Brassicacea

A ... " ! : % 61 * (

=XK >K =XK T 6H & e& 4 T " *:H = 6+ 44 4A" ◦C . . YcH 7>2 & d/K>-. 9K K ,K Z L0%H . ~D : ' & L6+ Q )2 " .K2 h'K 9H. 6e 9 ( '72 )T && 'U Q J Z &X '] ' WN& 'K] aK( & Z $& K5%H 9K $ g>&3H && 'U $ %N & 3( 9K D W 7/K2 ' 'N Q Z 2 9%I> ( '% %H 'k(\ R X 9 ) uN 'D L6K+ ' K 9K Z $ W>*2 $-. '] O2'- R U& ' . H6 uN & . . >&' I/- ' $& gK_6( $ WN& & 6- Q> ' : &- '/\ g> . 9 JI2 &)2 Q )2 " $K 'K & .KH JK 9K26 T &K)2 CK $K 3*K . ) >&' =/( 9 '2 C gK> &K)2 ( 'K72 ) K $ Q> . g> ' WN& & H>&' C\ 9 0 9%5dH + KU y . W-( '/\ 9>CG2 ' ) && 'U ' ] .2 &- 'H '/\ = u.KH 62 $' '/\ ' . ' 6 ' ( &% R U W:X t t . ~KD K K- /- 3>' I2 . 2 'k(\ `Z6 )- 97> 9 962 6D . . >&' B 9% C JI2 &)2 h' ' . $K g> WN& & &- 'H '/\ = &)2 : Z & L6+ Q )2 " K JKI2 9KH. 6K+ 9 ( '72 T & ) && 'U &6 =/( $ & 9 '2 f*U` 9( & OK 2'2 Q>K K K5dH Z #'N 2 9H '] & 9%C K5dH 9H B'D '] & = Q J Z . >&' Q )2 JI2 9K $K W>K*2 =K5 uKN 9 $ & 2 ( '72 n & '] ' & Z lq &)2 ) Z & L6K+ OK 2'2 Q>K K && 'KU K $ %N & .2 h' 9H. ' . . I/- B'KD 'K] OK2'- K>&. K 6K- QK> ' : W-( '/\ ' X L6+ Q )2 " gK> LK0%H K ( &K- 'KH gK 72 9 ) &6 H H&6 ' ] .2 9( -( '/\ K =K' 'U $ %N & R U W:X + U y L61- '] ' & W-( '/\

AA @A=B ? # > 5 # <= : 1! $1 $ ;

&- '/\ 'H '/\ . ' Q> & ) >&' Q )2 $ ' X L6+ h'- $-. =*} .( .( &% K K' LK & K+ & 9K( -( '/\ = : Q )2 : : =*:H Q )2 " WKe\ W-( '/\ Q H&6 , M3- & ' '/\ 62 . &% . . I/- &- 9 'H : =*:H d/>-. B'D .

HI CJ& 7K KH &. K g%/2 ' '/\ 62 [62 9( = W-( '/\ 9H6 H KHdH 'K > =5 H&6 We\ d/>-. & Z B'D > Symphyta 9%K 'K>. Hymenoptera 9% . Athalia rosae L. 9H6 >&' L Y & . . && I/2 Tenthredinidae &6HN $K %/D = :U . - &- . '2 g_6( 'H '%- - A"t L6+ 9 W-( '/\ K K LK vUK _ 5%H & z N ' 9 '+ ' cHH &. 2 &. =K> WK U $ g> J7 9 Q . = '2 ' 2 >6 9*b FI & H' & JwK zK5%H .( aKb " W7K ) %:K 'KVU J J7 9 'd>& *X 9 &H &6 `f-Kx z 3>' I2 z& &- Q . - &' 'H & - 3 2 6H > &- =K6D 'K%- K - t A" L6K+ 9K 'kx\ & Z . %: &6N Jw '>. & I/- K2 KH' ( '%:(N &. ?>'2 .2 Z g_6( W DD Q>_ {60- & Q _ jVK & KH K K2 'K 2 3*K %/KD = :U & '2Z Q Z . %: H 3* &6 H- z 9/ Ww v JI2 .( y " W7 ) %: H '%:(N 7 & Q>'K>. jVK J /KHD 'K>. & &K- '/K\ 3>' I2 [62 9( g_6( L6 g> & m"r m"r L6K+ 9 &. M6H . ' .( # " W7 ) H6 - 9%C &6 - 9%N h' 9 \ WKN& &&' - '2 ' 2 $ H >2 9 &6 Q 3* 9 W>- &. H 9 % '% - &6K K- W 7/K2 uN '%- %H " R X & uN 9- . 6D />' 9 D &6K =K Z '%K& & uKN /K>-. '] WN& & 9( V>' & .( & " W7 )

A ... " ! : % 61 * (

u.KKH 9KK D [KK0 KK( =KK& 9KK- uKKN . 9KKHZ 9KK7> $KK Z =KKH . . - ' 9 W>*2 $ WN& & 2 />'

B A

D C

' 9HZ "& JI2 "# Z "y W-( '/\ "ab Athalia rosae JG 6I' 6*H. @F K6 Fig. 1. Turnip sawfly Athalia rosae ; a. Adult, b. Larva, c. Egg, d. Pupal nests

=K5 y K\ H &. g%/2 . &% 9( && $/H ' . We\ >%H &K)2 'KH &6K- 9KX3- 9 & H 3 - = 06- = W-( '/\ 7 yC 9H6d g%/2 & 7 '/\ &)2 ' '/\ 62 [62 7 '/\ K K g%/2 & U2 J-H `f-( 6e 9 H 9 = W-( '/\ 9%H *2 jVK 9K gK>&3H K26( .'D & = Q> 9x && $/H /- . H - %' 6K2 . &%K K K- =K K && Cb - $ 3 - $ 926 f Z Q -. & `e6|KI- H = )U = ) 'dH = = ) &' 6- 9 ' '/\ 9K( K>&' 9\f- =b\ Q> & - ' _ 3* .2 3( 926 9( H-.

@A=B ? # > 5 # <= : 1! $1 $ ;

6K2 & K ( K N &K)2 3K( & 6*H. W-( '/\ . &>. &)2 &6 Ji' X =K =K b) 9K7> 9K 9K62 K 3K H 3K( =K&' . ) . B ' '/\ 9K =K $K 3 - .'K K aKX 9K7> 9K 'H Q => 9-& '+ .' aX Q>' %& &6 '+ [ 1- & ('D g2 g2 6+ 9 97 &6*H J('%- 6e K( O &6- &6 6 &6- ' fX &6 = . ( = ) 'dH/H We\ && WK Q K 3K( K & K H 6 23> Z6 6(6 9 . W-( '/\ '%/K 7K WX 'd>& . H62 - 5 W| [ & Q> H &. =& Q> = :\ v' & Barker et al . (2006) . 3( M3- & L W:H & = W-( '/\ We\ z &' Z6 6(6 9 JG 6I' 6*H. W-x '/\ z% ?D 9 K K Z6 K6(6 K &K- 9Kx H&6 H I/- H 6 23> v)> $ 9>3c2 . =K>& vwNK v>>6 ~\ [62 H 6 23> v 2 v> z H' 9 'K & . KH& A. rosae [K62 $K 3 - . 9>CG2 v> & 5- F0H &6- Q> x v- 9 & '/\ Q> 9( I/- ( W7 ) - = && ' 6e R+K- y'Ki L K & '/K\ QK> W:H &)2 Amiridze (1972) . - L & W:H s s Kdb & .6K\ 'K2 Q >KD R+K- .0U & W:H s" Q>'x & W:H 9 z3x'- A. cordata 9KH6 W:KH &)2 Nikolova (1972) &'x YfX W:H n .0U - & W :H . . = &'x 'x W:H $%G & &'(: &'(: '>. 9H6 9 $62 - = Q> $ 3 - .' aX . Raphanus raphanistrum v/\ 9 '2 Descurania sophia Q>' ' /xN Cardaria draba ( v/\ 3 2 ' )2 -. Capsella bursa pastoris F /x 9: x

Sisymbrium irrio ?2 ' /xN

" " Glucosinolates " Isothiocyanates

... " ! : % 61 * (

4 No.of sawfly adults

9 6 9 9 7 4 8 3 1 . 1 y. . . 30 n. . 23 l . 20 g . p. 2 . 18 pr. 22 y u Jul. u e Apr. Ma J Ju A ug S Oct. A May Ma Jun A Sep

Sampling date s!n L & $6>'- –a % 3( 9X3-& Athalia rosae = ) ' G2 2F K6 Fig. 2. Population dynamic of Athalia rosae in Canola field of Saif – Marivan in 2005

No. of No. sawfly adults 4

9 9 9 7 4 . 6 . . . . 2 r. y . 1 n . 23 ul p p y u n J e A Ma J u Jul. 20 Aug S Apr. 22 Ma May. 30 J Aug. 18 Sep. 18

Sampling date s!n L & $6>'- " H % 3( 9X3- & Athalia rosae = ) ' G2 LF K6 Fig. 3. Population dynamic of Athalia rosae in Canola field of Nai – Marivan in 2005

4 @A=B ? # > 5 # <= : 1! $1 $ ;

&6K- 3K( =K&' . ~KD K5 W| & `2 X 6(C- .' aX . = 9>CG2 . ~D . YcH 9+6 '- |I%- g ( 9 3 H .' aX > =' 'U ' `f-K( 9K0V- ( 3* .' aX ' fX '/\ Q> = b) 3( =&' K 'K 9K( &6K H 9 '2 9 $62 - $ $ 3 - $ 9 . &6 &65/- aK Vb =KX 9K `Z %\ '- Q> - = j '2 &6- '%/ YcH /- A. proxima 6b6 v' & Hussain (1980) . - $ 3 - '> 9 =*:H Q> $&6 W-K OKi 9Kx Kx - 9>CG2 v 9H6 . = Q> 9x = &6 H $6X $%:(D & z'K 9K 0 . '%/K 3K 2 'K2 K> v K $ $ - & - Brassica ~ z 9H6 . ~KD K K- Q>&'K [K . W-( '/\ 65] &6. - && j '2 zCd I2 . &%K &- '/\ 9( O 2'2 Q> > H - 3>' I2 9 M' &- '/\ ' d% h' Q>'>. jV J /HD '>. & JI2 &X g> &6 H D h' J /HD &6N 3>' I2 [K6%- 6K+ 9 &- '/\' d/>-. [>' & . &C - h' 9 \ = :U & Oi F A. rosae 9x H &6 H $6X Sawa et al . (1989) . &C - JI2 ( lm"! 9-& !) n±/ 9KKH6 z KK JKKI2 &KK)2 Hussain and Chatha (1981 ) 9KKw b\ & &CKK vKK- JKKI2 qq . ll rr/ [K6%- 6K+ 9K lq 2 l Jagtap and Kadam (1978) 2 4 A. proxima K ?>'2 . l/l ± l/q . ~D JI2 . H &'x 'x &X r/ Kapadia et al . (1980) . '/K\ QK> JKI2 9K\ '- 3K H Sawa et al . (1989) . HK #KN JKI2 . K Z & L6K+ Q K001- '> z ' ' . H &'x YfX . 4 2 Amiridze (1972)

l l (Hussain , 1980) r K2 n (Kapadia et al .,1980) /r A. proxima 6*H. & JI2 $6 6wH

. =K &6K (Nikolova, 1972) . m 2 l ( Jagtap and Kadam, 1978) sl/m [6%- l 2 3Kc h'K gK5D YK 2 K) Q & - ( - 9>CG2 h' J /HD . L Q Z L6K+ . ( l q" 9K-& m) rl/ ± lm/ Z & . K & K- 'U 9>CG2 &6- h'*

& . q KK2 l Amiridze (1972 ) KK)bV- & =KK QKK> zZ & L6KK+ . /KK( & A. proxima 9KH6 zZ & L6K+ . =K &6K . T Sawa et al . (1989) z '

KK2 ! ( Hussain , 1980) r KK2 n (Kapadia et al ., 1980) n / 9KKH KK0 012

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K B3K . ( Nikolova, 1972 l) K2 ( Jagtap and Kadam, 1978) r/ [K6%- & ns r/l± Y& W:H & sq /s± L W:H & =) *+ & Z & L6+ Q dH - . = &K\ Kx vK- vHCdH%:K-. 'KN QK Z 6Ke 9K = 9w> 9 962 Y6 W:H 9K =K) *+ & =K Y6K Y& L zK W:H & L6+ O 2'2 Q> . &6 . !q ± l/ n.( n.( W7 ) v- . q 2 !q rl 2 rq rq 2 ll : O 2'2

$6>'- 90V- v) *+ [>' & Athalia rosae JG 6I' 6*H. vH. Ww MF K6 Fig. 4. Life cycle of turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae in natural condition of Marivan region

9K D gK> 'K%- %H l" R X & uN & 9>CG2 Y 2 . ~D 'N Q z Z . H6K K- ' K 9K W>*2 $ WN& & &6 H 9 52 uN 9- . 6D />' ± l/ 'H '/\ & . ( "m 9-& ±!/) / &- '/\ & ' & L6+ K 'H & - ' & L6+ Sawa et al . (1989) . - . ( l"! 9-& ) 'KH '/\ &6- & ( s"r 9-& n/±n/) &- '/\ ' X L6+ H. &'x B3 . z K &K- 'K X L6K+ 9Kx Jagtap and Kadam (1978) >K%H 9x &6 . ( "m ±m/l) n/ >K%H K K- & & vH6KI KH &'Kx YfKX ( . )l K 'H . ( . )m '%/ A. proxima . && '>KG- KH &6 H 'x /l &- ' X n/r 'H ' X 9x Kapadia et al . (1980)

T @A=B ? # > 5 # <= : 1! $1 $ ;

& &K- 9K 'H : =*:H . /( L6+ . s! 2 s &\ d/>-. & = H. & :4 :4 At/ 9bK & Q dH - : / &\ AT L & :4 tA/ &\ & A L & =) *+ : : r/ A. proxima 9H6 & &- 9 'H v: =*:H Jagtap and Kadam (1978) . >&' Q )2 W:H s 'dH/H 9( = W-( '/\ = ) J('2 # s & '/\ Q> . H &'x B3 Y6K W:KH &6K K- 3K( :KN &Kc> X 9( = W:H Q>'2 J5- . - = 3*K K K ' ] 3( =/( $-3 6>'5 'N & $ W-( '/\ 9( - K( K- CK JI2 ( H 26( 9\'- ) 9 b W\'- $ & L6|1- $ Z & Y 2 . ~D . H6 - :N &c> O6- 3( h' . 9>CG2 Z 9K- uN . 6D />' 9 D g> Q%N &6 - uN & 'N Q Z LK K5 & $CdH%:K-. Z . ( - HCdH%:-. $ WN& & 'N Q Z 6e 9 . > W:H W-x '/\ v' z & Y 2 . ~D ' 9 W>*2 9ef ) $K ^8 _ &6HN .' z aX . = Y& L z W: H z Z . &6 - #N N 3x 9 = Y6 W:H & ,*- x v- 9>CG2 &6HN Q> =/x c>3* Q ∗ . %: $ Q

ABE, M. 1988. A biosystematic study of the genus Athalia Leach of Japan (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Esakia. No. 26: 91-131. AMIRIDZE N. 1972. Preliminary data to turnip sawfly biology ( Athalia colibri Christ.) for Georgian conditions. In: Kanchaveli L.A., ed. The proceedings of Georgian Plant Protection Institute, Vol. 23. Tbilisi: Georgian NIIZR. 50-52 p. (in Russian). ASHORI, M. 2001. Second culture, Canola. Tehran Afraz Publication. 73 pp. BARKER, A.M., MOLOTSANE, R., MULLER, C., SCHAFFNER, U. and STADLER, E,

∗ , - ./( 0 012 3('- 738 0 012 FI 'dH ( Q>b f e 5- : %! * N 9:;- $ H5 ( '*( X ' %(& ' J ' '%(& $'> # m n %:D e $%&'( ) + * .$'> $'52 nln %:D e 6/( 738 0 012

... " ! : % 61 * (

2006. Chemosensory and behavioural responses of the turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae, to glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. Chemoecology. Birkhäuser Basel . No. 16(4): 209- 218. CONSTANTINEANU, R. 1982. Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) of the 'Valea lui David' Nature Reserve (Iasi district), new or rare to the fauna of Romania. Studii si Cercetari de Biologie, Biol. Animala. No. 34(2): 94-98 HUSSAIN, T. 1980. Bionomics of mustard sawfly Athalia proxima Klug. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on Brassica campestris. Pakistan J. Zool., No. 12(1):127-130. HUSSAIN, T. and N. CHATHA, 1981. Mating behaviour and oviposition of Athalia proxima Klug. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Pakistan J. Zool., No. 14(1): 117-118. JAGTAP, A. B. and M.V. KADAM, 1978. Biology of mustard sawfly Athalia proxima klug. on radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). J. Maharashtra Agr. Univ., No. 3(2): 107 – 108. KAPADIA, M. N., R. K. BHARODIA and V. J. VORA, 1980. Biology and larval and post – larval development of Athalia proxima Klug. on different host plants. Gujarat Agr. Univ. Res. J., No. 6(1): 13-16. NADASY, M., D. PRIBEK and A. CSONTOS, 1996. Effect of photoperiod on the feeding of Pieris brassicae L. and Athalia rosae L. larvae. Novenyvedelem. No. 32(10): 515 – 520. NAGASAKA ,K. 1988. A new host of Vibrissina turrita (Diptera, Tachinidae) in Kyoto, Jpn. J. Entomol., Japan. Tokyo. No. 56(3): 522. NIKOLOVA, V. 1972. The plantain – leaf sawfly, a new pest of oil – bearing rose. Rastitelna – Zashchita. No. 20(6):28-31. OHNESORGE, B. 1979. Observation on the biology of the turnip sawfly Athalia rosae L. (Hym., Tenthredinidae). Anz. Schad. Pflanz. Umwelt. No. 52(5):70-73. PATIL, S. P. and R. N. POKHARKAR, 1973. Bionomics and control of Athalia proxima klug. Res. J. Mahatma phule Agr. Univ. No. 4(1):44-50. SARINGER, G., A. FODOR, M. NADASY, A. LUCSKAI and R. GEORGIS, 1996. Possibilities of biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes against Leptinotarsa decemlineata L. and Athalia rosae L. larvae. Mededelingen Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biol. Wetensch. Univ. Gent (Belgium). (1996). No. 61(3b): 961-966. SAWA, M., A. FUKUNAGA, T. NAITO and K. OISHI, 1989. Studies on the sawfly,

t @A=B ? # > 5 # <= : 1! $1 $ ;

Athalia rosae (Insecta, Hym., Tenthredinidae). I. General biology. Zool. Sci., 6(3): 541- 547. SHIRANIRAD, A. H. and A. DEHSHIRI, 2002. Canola Guid, Planting, Growing season, Harvesting. Publication of Agricultural Training. 113 pp. UCHIDOI, T., T. NAITO and M. TAKEDA, 1993. Life cycle characteristics of sympatric Athalia sawflies (Hym.: Tenthredinidae) sharing food resources. Appl. Entomol. Zool., 28(4): 407-415. ZINOV'EVA, L. B. 1972. The effects of ecological factors and physiological condition on the formation of diapause in Perilissus lutescens Hlmgr. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) and Meigenia bisignata Meig. (Diptera, Tachinidae), parasites of the turnip sawfly Athalia rosae L. (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zaslavskii, V. A. (Editor): Host parasite relationships in insects: Khozyaino parazitnye otnosheniya u nasekomykh, 118-127.

Address of the authors: Eng. S. KAMANGAR, Plant Protection Research. Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kurdistan. P. O. Box 714, Sanandaj, Iran; Dr. E. EBRAHIMI and Dr. A. A. KEYHANIAN, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P. O. Box 1454, Tehran 1985813111, Iran.

... " ! : % 61 * (