DOCSLIB.ORG

An Oryzalin-Induced Autoallooctoploid of Hibiscus Acetosella 'Panama Red'

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Oryzalin-Induced Autoallooctoploid of Hibiscus Acetosella 'Panama Red' J. AMER.SOC.HORT.SCI. 134(5):553–559. 2009. An Oryzalin-induced Autoallooctoploid of Hibiscus acetosella ‘Panama Red’ Ryan N. Contreras1,3 and John M. Ruter2 Department of Horticulture, The University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793-0748 Wayne W. Hanna2 Department of Crop and Soil Science, The University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793-0748 ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. cytochimera, cytology, flow cytometry, polyploidy, sterility ABSTRACT. Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern. ‘Panama Red’ PP20,121 (Malvaceae) has generated public and grower interest due to its attractive red foliage and vigorous growth, however, a horticultural goal is to develop more compact forms. Even though organs of induced polyploids are often larger than the wild type, whole plants are often shorter in stature. Three studies were conducted to induce polyploidy and to evaluate the growth and reproductive potential of the resulting polyploids. In study 1, seeds were soaked for 24 hours in aqueous solutions of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.5% colchicine (w/v) plus 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide. In studies 2 and 3, apical meristems of seedlings at the cotyledon stage were treated for 1 or 3 days with 0, 50, 100, or 150 mM oryzalin solidified with 0.8% agar. Visual observations and measurement of guard cells were used to identify plants that potentially had their chromosome number doubled. Flow cytometry of nuclei stained with DAPI was used for confirmation of polyploidy. No induced polyploidy was observed following seed treatment with colchicine at the rates and duration used in this study. One-time application of 50 mM oryzalin resulted in a single mixoploid (4x + 8x) in which the ploidy of the L-I, L-II, and L-III histogenic layers were identified as a 4–4-4 + 8, respectively. Three-day applications with 100 and 150 mM oryzalin resulted in an octoploid (8x) and a mixoploid (4x + 8x), respectively. The mixoploid from the 3-day treatment stabilized at the 8x level before flowering, but was identified as a 4 + 8-x-4 cytochimera. Plant height was reduced, leaves were smaller, internodes were shorter, and canopy volume was reduced in the octoploid (8x) form compared with the tetraploid (4x) form. Furthermore, in contrast to the tetraploid, the octoploid produced no self-pollinated seed and performed poorly as a staminate and pistillate parent in controlled crosses. This represents the first time oryzalin has been reported to induce polyploidy in Hibiscus L. section Furcaria DC. H. acetosella is an allotetraploid species with the genome composition AABB. The resulting autoallooctoploid (AAAABBBB) form of ‘Panama Red’ exhibits a more compact habit and reduced production of seed. The genus Hibiscus (tribe Hibisceae) is comprised of 200 There are a number of species in section Furcaria with (Fryxell, 1988; Hochreutiner, 1900) to 250 (Bates, 1965) ornamental potential. One that is of interest and was used in the annual and perennial species in 10 sections (Fryxell, 1988). current research is Hibiscus acetosella. H. acetosella is a tetra- Section Furcaria is a circumglobal tropical and subtropical ploid [2n =4x = 72 (Akpan, 2000; Menzel and Wilson, 1961)] (rarely temperate) group (Wilson and Menzel, 1964) comprised of African origin known only in cultivation (Siemonsma and of more than 100 species (Wilson, 1994). This group includes Piluek, 1993; Wilson, 1994). Based on the prevalence of important fiber, food, and medicinal plants such as kenaf bivalents at metaphase I (MI) (Akpan, 2000; Kuwada, 1977) (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). and genome studies (Menzel and Wilson, 1961), H. acetosella Many species in this section have been used as ornamentals for has been determined to be an allotetraploid with the genome their large, showy flowers (Wilson, 1994). The base chromo- composition AABB (Menzel and Wilson, 1961). It is widely some number in section Furcaria is commonly regarded as x = grown as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions 18 (Menzel and Wilson, 1961, 1963a, 1963b; Skovsted, 1941), (Wilson, 1994). It is an annual or perennial herb or undershrub, but x = 9 has also been proposed (Sanyal and Kundu, 1959). typically with red foliage. Solitary flowers of wine-red, rarely Most species in section Furcaria are allopolyploids ranging yellow, are formed in the axils (van Borssum Waalkes, 1966). A from 2n =4x =72to2n =10x = 180, with representative species number of selections have been released over the years, on all continents with tropical or subtropical regions (Menzel including a recent release from The University of Georgia, et al., 1986). known as H. acetosella ‘Panama Red’ PP20,121. This release has generated interest in the green industry due to its attractive foliage and vigorous growth; however, evaluator and consumer comments have indicated that ‘Panama Red’ could be improved Received for publication 30 July 2009. Accepted for publication 22 Sept. 2009. We thank Bruce Tucker, Nancy Hand, and Brandon Coker for their technical by developing more compact forms. assistance. We also thank Peggy Ozias-Akins, David Knauft, and Brian Induced polyploidy often results in the gigas effect of Schwartz for discussion and critical review of the manuscript. individual organs; particularly those with determinate growth From a dissertation submitted by R.N.C. as partial fulfillment of the re- such as sepals, petals, fruits, and seeds (Stebbins, 1950). quirements for the Ph.D. degree. 1Graduate Research Assistant. However, in the case of induced autopolyploids, the growth 2Professor. rate of whole plants is often slower (Stebbins, 1950). Kumar 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Sen and Chheda (1958) found that induced tetraploids of black J. AMER.SOC.HORT.SCI. 134(5):553–559. 2009. 553 gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) were stunted and exhibited reduced pressing with clear tape, and then placing the tape on a micro- fertility. Induced polyploids of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis scope slide. Slides were then observed under a light microscope Jacq.) were also reported to be shorter than diploids (Madon equipped with an ocular micrometer, and the ink outline of et al., 2005). The current research was conducted to take guard cells was measured at ·400 magnification. Three advantage of the reduction in plant size and vigor often replicates (leaves) and 10 subsamples (guard cells) per taxon associated with induced polyploidy. The principle objectives were measured. were to induce polyploidy in seedlings from H. acetosella Putatively doubled plants were then screened using flow ‘Panama Red’ and to evaluate the effects on growth, morphol- cytometry. About 1 cm2 of newly expanded leaf tissue was ogy, and fecundity. Upon discovering that treatments induced finely chopped with a razor blade in a petri dish with 400 mLof two cytochimeras, ploidy of the histogenic layers of these nuclei extraction buffer (CyStain ultraviolet Precise P Nuclei plants was investigated. Extraction Buffer; Partec, Mu¨nster, Germany). The solution was filtered using Partec CellTricsä disposable filters with Materials and Methods a pore size of 50 mm to remove leaf tissue. Nuclei were stained with 1.6 mL of 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining Plant material buffer (CyStain ultraviolet Precise P Staining Buffer, Partec) Seeds from autonomously self-pollinated flowers were and were incubated for 1 to 2 min at 25 °C. The suspension collected from H. acetosella ‘Panama Red’ plants grown in was analyzed using a flow cytometer (Partec PAS-III) to a glasshouse. Plant material was previously described as determine mean relative DNA fluorescence [mean relative a hybrid between H. acetosella · Hibiscus radiatus Cav. fluorescence (MRF)]. Ploidy and genome size were determined (Contreras and Ruter, 2009), however, the seed source was by comparing the MRF of each sample with the 2C peak of later correctly identified as ‘Panama Red’ based on morphology diploids and an internal standard of known genome size. Pisum (personal observation). Plants resulting from self-pollination of sativum L. ‘Ctirad’, with a genome size of 8.76 pg (Greilhuber ‘Panama Red’ are uniform and are nearly identical to the et al., 2007), was used as an internal standard to calculate cultivar. nuclear DNA content [2C DNA content of sample in picograms = 8.76 pg · (MRF sample/MRF standard)]. For analysis of leaf Chromosome doubling studies tissue the CV percentage (CV%) was #2.00, and at least 2500 SEED TREATMENT WITH COLCHICINE. Seeds were pretreated by nuclei were analyzed with the exception of the untreated control soaking in an aqueous solution of 0.1% (v/v) TritonÒ X-100 (1393 nuclei). For analysis of root tissue, CV% was #3.50, and (Integra Chemical, Renton, WA) for 24 h on a rotary shaker 5000 nuclei were analyzed. (model G-33; New Brunswick Scientific, Edison, NJ) at 150 rpm. CYTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. Cuttings were taken from tetraploid Following pretreatment, seeds were transferred to solutions H. acetosella ‘Panama Red’ and placed in rooting substrate containing 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.6% (w/v) colchicine (Sigma- composed of 1 pine bark:2 perlite (by volume) under in- Aldrich, St. Louis), plus 0.5% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO termittent mist at a rate of 4 s every 15 min. Rooted cuttings (Sigma-Aldrich)] as an adjuvant. Treatments (75 seeds/treat- were transplanted into 3.8-L containers and grown in trays ment) were applied for 24 h on the rotary shaker at 150 rpm. containing vermiculite. Roots were allowed to grow out of Following treatment, seeds were rinsed under running tap water containers into vermiculite for collection. Actively growing, for 15 min and sown in 200-cell polystyrene tobacco float trays healthy root tips were collected on sunny mornings before 1000 containing Pro-Mix BX with Biofungicide (Premier Tech, HR and were pretreated for 1 to 2 h in an aqueous solution of Quakertown, PA). Trays were placed in a glasshouse with 2mM 8-hydroxyquinoline (Fisher Scientific, Suwanee, GA) + natural daylength and set day/night temperatures of 27/20 °C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Characterization of Some Common Members of the Family Malvaceae S.S
    Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm 2014 Vol. 3 (3) July-September, pp.79-86/Naskar and Mandal Research Article CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME COMMON MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY MALVACEAE S.S. ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGY OF SELECTIVE ATTRIBUTES: EPICALYX, STAMINAL TUBE, STIGMATIC HEAD AND TRICHOME *Saikat Naskar and Rabindranath Mandal Department of Botany, Barasat Govt. College, Barasat, Kolkata- 700124, West Bengal, India *Author for Correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT Epicalyx, staminal tube, stigma and trichome morphological characters have been used to characterize some common members of Malvaceae s.s. These characters have been analyzed following a recent molecular phylogenetic classification of Malvaceae s.s. Stigmatic character is effective for segregation of the tribe Gossypieae from other tribes. But precise distinction of other two studied tribes, viz. Hibisceae and Malveae on the basis of this character proved to be insufficient. Absence of epicalyx in Malachra has indicated an independent evolutionary event within Hibisceae. Distinct H-shaped trichome of Malvastrum has pointed out its isolated position within Malveae. Staminal tube morphological similarities of Abutilon and Sida have suggested their closeness. A key to the genera has been provided for identification purpose. Keywords: Malvaceae s.s., Epicalyx, Staminal Tube, Stigma, Trichome INTRODUCTION Epicalyx and monadelphous stamens are considered as key characters of the family Malvaceae s.s. Epicalyx was recognized as an important character for taxonomic value by several authors (Fryxell, 1988; Esteves, 2000) since its presence or absence was employed to determine phylogenetic interpretation within the tribes of Malvaceae s.s.
    [Show full text]
  • 15. HIBISCUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753, Nom. Cons
    Flora of China 12: 286–294. 2007. 15. HIBISCUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753, nom. cons. 木槿属 mu jin shu Bombycidendron Zollinger & Moritzi; Fioria Mattei; Furcaria (Candolle) Kosteletzky (1836), not Desvaux (1827); Hibiscus sect. Furcaria Candolle; H. sect. Sabdariffa Candolle; Ketmia Miller; Sabdariffa (Candolle) Kosteletzky; Solandra Murray (1785), not Linnaeus (1759), nor Swartz (1787), nom. cons.; Talipariti Fryxell. Shrubs, subshrubs, trees, or herbs. Leaf blade palmately lobed or entire, basal veins 3 or more. Flowers axillary, usually solitary, sometimes subterminal and ± congested into a terminal raceme, 5-merous, bisexual. Epicalyx lobes 5 to many, free or connate at base, rarely very short (H. schizopetalus) or absent (H. lobatus). Calyx campanulate, rarely shallowly cup-shaped or tubular, 5-lobed or 5-dentate, persistent. Corolla usually large and showy, variously colored, often with dark center; petals adnate at base to staminal tube. Filament tube well developed, apex truncate or 5-dentate; anthers throughout or only on upper half of tube. Ovary 5-loculed or, as a result of false partitions, 10-loculed; ovules 3 to many per locule; style branches 5; stigmas capitate. Fruit a capsule, cylindrical to globose, valves 5, dehiscence loculicidal and sometimes partially septicidal or indehiscent (H. vitifolius Linnaeus). Seeds reniform, hairy or glandular verrucose. About 200 species: tropical and subtropical regions; 25 species (12 endemic, four introduced) in China. According to recent molecular studies (Pfeil et al., Syst. Bot. 27: 333–350. 2002), Hibiscus is paraphyletic, and as more taxa are sampled and a more robust phylogeny is constructed, the genus undoubtedly will be recast. Species of other genera of Hibisceae found in China, such as Abelmoschus, Malvaviscus, and Urena, fall within a monophyletic Hibiscus clade.
    [Show full text]
  • Review and Advances in Style Curvature for the Malvaceae Cheng-Jiang Ruan*
    ® International Journal of Plant Developmental Biology ©2010 Global Science Books Review and Advances in Style Curvature for the Malvaceae Cheng-Jiang Ruan* Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bio-Resources Utilization, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian City, Liaoning 116600, China Correspondence : * [email protected] ABSTRACT The flowers of the Malvaceae with varying levels of herkogamy via style curvature have long intrigued evolutionary botanists. This review covers the flower opening process, approach herkogamy, style curvature and character evolution based on molecular phylogenetic trees, adaptive significances of style curvature and the mating system in some portions of the genera in this family. Hermaphroditic flowers of some species have showy petals and pollen and nectar rewards to pollinators. Approach herkogamy, in which stigmas are located on the top of a monadelphous stamen, has evolved as a mechanism to reduce the frequency of intra-floral self-pollination or the interference between male-female organs. Protandrous or monochogamous flowers in the fields open at about 5-7 days and 1-2 days respectively, and pollination is conducted by insects and birds. Interestingly, un-pollinated styles in some species curve when pollination fails. According to our observations and published or internet data, this curvature occurs in 23 species distributed in eight genera of four tribes (Malvavisceae, Ureneae, Hibisceae, Malveae) and appears to have evolved at least eight times. A shift to use style curvature is associated with a shift to annual or perennial herbs, and an unpredictable pollinator environment is likely an important trigger for this evolution. The adaptive significances of style curvature in the Malvaceae include delayed selfing, promotion of outcrossing or reduction in intrafloral male-female interference, sometimes two or three of which simultaneously occur in style curvature of one species (e.g., Kosteletzkya virginica).
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Hibiscus Fabiana</I> Sp. Nov. (<I>Malvaceae</I
    Blumea 65, 2020: 69 –74 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.01.08 Hibiscus fabiana sp. nov. (Malvaceae) from the Guinea Highlands (West Africa) M. Cheek1,*, P.K. Haba2,3, S. Cisse4 Key words Abstract Hibiscus fabiana Cheek (sect. Furcaria, Malvaceae) is described from the Guinea Highlands of West Africa, and its taxonomic affinities and ecology are considered. Hibiscus fabiana has previously been confused Bowal with H. rostellatus but has red fleshy calyx ribs (vs not red and non-fleshy), the calyx surface is glabrous apart from conservation 1-armed bristles (vs densely covered in minute white stellate hairs and bristles 2–5-armed), the leaves 3(–5)-lobed, Furcaria bases truncate to rounded (vs 5-lobed, cordate). The conservation status of the new species is assessed using the Guinea Highlands IUCN 2012 standard as Vulnerable. In the context of the recently discovered extinction of the Guinean endemic Hibiscus Inversodicraea pygmaea G.Taylor (Podostemaceae), we discuss the 30 new species to science discovered in Guinea Important Plant Areas since 2005, all but one of which are also range-restricted and threatened, usually by development or habitat loss. We Simandou consider it urgent to avoid their extinction, ideally with in situ conservation using an Important Plant Areas approach. Published on 27 May 2020 INTRODUCTION material described below as H. fabiana falls clearly in sect. Furcaria DC., since it possesses setose fruit valves, and a The flora of Guinea (245 857 km 2) is diverse in a West African fruiting calyx that is leathery to fleshy, with raised, rib-like veins context.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Checklist of the Plants of Botswana
    PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE PLANTS OF BOTSWANA PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE PLANTS OF BOTSWANA by Moff at P. Setshogo Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 37 n 2005 Recommended citation format SETSHOGO, M.P. 2005. Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 37. SABONET, Pretoria and Gaborone. Produced by University of Botswana Herbarium Private Bag UB00704 Gaborone Botswana Tel. (267) 355 2602 Fax: (267) 318 5097 Published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) c/o South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa and University of Botswana Herbarium, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone. Printed in 2005 in the Republic of South Africa by Capture Press, Pretoria, (27) 12 349-1802. ISBN 1-919976-18-3 © 2005 SABONET. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the copyright holder. Editor-in-chief: Marthina Mössmer Subeditors: Lidia Gibson, Hanlie van Heerden & Cecilia de Vos Belgraver Text design and layout: Nicola Ellis (27) 82 878 9589 Cover design: Antoinette Burkhardt, Pretoria, South Africa (27) 82 909 0109 Photographs: M.P. Setshogo SABONET website: www.sabonet.org This report is a joint product of the University of Botswana Herbarium and the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) and was made possible through support provided by the Global Environment Facility (GEF)/ United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/World Conservation Union-Regional Office for southern Africa (IUCN ROSA) (Plot no.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotaxonomy of Malvaceae III. Meiotic Studies of Hibiscus, Abelmoschus , Azanza, Thespesia, Malachra, Urena and Pavonia
    Cytologia 47: 109-116, 1982 Cytotaxonomy of Malvaceae III. Meiotic studies of Hibiscus, Abelmoschus , Azanza, Thespesia, Malachra, Urena and Pavonia Aparna Dasgupta and R. P. Bhatt1 Department of Pharmacy , S. V. Govt. Polytechnic., Bhopal, India Received January 22, 1980 Family Malvaceae includes many familier plants of cultivation notably cotton . Cytological work on economically important plants of this family has received greater attention, though work has also been done on a few wild species by some workers like Youngman (1927), Davie (1933), Skovsted (1935, 1941), Bates (1967), Bates and Blanchard (1970), Hazra and Sharma (1971), Kachecheba (1972), Bhatt and Dasgupta (1976). However, detailed meiotic study has not been done on many genera and species of the family which is necessary to know the type of ploidy and the basic numbers of chromosomes from which the evolution might have progressed . The present investigation includes 15 species belonging to the tribe Hibisceae and Ureneae of the family Malvaceae. The species of the tribe Ureneae are simple polyploids of seven (Skovsted 1935) which has also been noticed in the present work. However, different chromosome numbers have been reported in the tribe Hibisceae. This vast range of chromosome numbers in the tribe especially necessiated the study of chromosome numbers and the ploidy level. This investigation also aimed at understanding the basic chromosome numbers from which the evolution is supposed to have progressed and the evaluation of systematic position of different taxa as understood at present. Out of 15 species studied meiotic study has been done for the first time in Hibis cus vitifolius, H. hirtus, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Desiccation Tolerance and Dormancy of Three Endangered New Zealand Species: Carmichaelia Williamsii, Clianthus Puniceus and Hibiscus Diversifolius
    13 Seed desiccation tolerance and dormancy of three endangered New Zealand species: Carmichaelia williamsii, Clianthus puniceus and Hibiscus diversifolius M.J. PARK1,3, C.R. MCGILL1, W.M. WILLIAMS2 and B.R. MACKAY1 1Institute of Natural Resources, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand 2Margot Forde Forage Germplasm Centre, AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North, New Zealand 3Korea Seed & Variety Service, Anyang-Si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea [email protected] Abstract conventional conditions, the loss of At least one third of New Zealand’s dormancy of C. puniceus at very low indigenous plant species are threatened with moisture contents is of concern. More work extinction and strategies for conserving is needed to confirm the long-term storage endangered flora are urgently required. One behaviour of these species. strategy is to use ex situ seed storage as a Keywords: ex situ conservation, seed complement to in situ conservation. storage behaviour, New Zealand flora Successful ex situ storage of seed requires knowledge of the seed storage behaviour, Introduction optimal storage conditions and germination New Zealand possesses a unique and requirements of the species being stored. diverse flora of 2,300-2,470 taxa, with most For many threatened species, however, this species (80%) being endemic (Dopson et al. information is either incomplete or 1999). Currently 34% of these taxa are unavailable. In this study, preliminary classified as threatened or naturally experiments were conducted with three uncommon, with 11 presumed to be extinct threatened species, Carmichaelia williamsii, (Warmington et al.
    [Show full text]
  • ${S{Sc$I$.&Ryry R$Tuare T} Genpra $TULY GRALH
    ASSOCIATION OF SOCIETIES FOR GROWING AUSTRALIAN PLANTS ${s{sc$i$.&ryry R$tuArE_t} GENpRA $TULY GRALH FEBRUARY 2007 NEWSLETTER NO 10 :ISSN: 1488-1488 Hibiscus Hibiscus meraukensis at heterophvllus Pink form Buderim * 191212007 from Glen Geddes - January 2007 Hibiscus diversifolius Hibiscus d iversifolius Lake-side, Cooroy Purple form - at Sunshine Coast Buderim - 19/2/20(17 n Hibiscus heterophyllps From Kenilworth, Sunshine Coast- gnl/46 Hibiscus divaricatus 57 km north of Biloela, Qld. Image 3/12/03. See also Ieaf scans & comment Welcome to Newsletter No. 10 Whilst most of our country has endured below average railfall, here on the Sunshine Coast things are not too bad. We get frequent coastal showers that unfoftunately don't penetrate inland where the rain is needed in the dam catchment areas. At present Fairhill Nursery is prornoting a very attractive form of Hitriscus diversifolius under the name of 'Colour Magico This maroon/purple Hibiscus may change colour in cooler weather and apparently will even grow submersed in water. Indeed it is a most interesting plant with an obscure history. At the top of the image above on the right side is the yellow H. heterophyllus from Keniiworth in the Sunshine Coast hinterland. The yellow population adjoins another one which is the usual white and between the two a cream bloomed piant was iocated and included in the above image. Perhaps we could organize a field trip to this locality in November next year. The hinterland Hibiscus bloom later that their counterpafis on or near the coast. Some items intended for this newsletter such as a write-up on the Cotton Tree will be held over for the next issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Plants Suitable for Tamworth Regional Council Areas
    Australian Plants Suitable for Tamworth Regional Council Areas Eucalyptus blakelyi Photo Tony Croft Tamworth Group of Australian Plants Society As at July 2007 Eucalyptus blakelyi II TAMWORTH REGIONAL COUNCIL RAINFALL DATA Most of the Tamworth Regional Council area receives an average annual rainfall of 600 to 800mm except for the north- west corner on the Mount Kaputar plateau and the tablelands country from Bendemeer through Woolbrook to Hanging Rock above Nundle which often receives between 800 to 1000mm. Similarly temperatures vary across the region with average annual minimums on the tablelands and nearby areas between 6 and 9 degrees Celsius. A series of frosts are received across the entire region each winter. Average annual maximums are between 18 and 21 degrees on the tablelands, 21 to 24 degrees across most of the region and 24 to 27 degrees in the west of the region. 1. Barraba 2. Manilla 250 180 160 200 140 120 150 2004/2005 100 2004-2005 80 100 Average Average 60 50 40 20 0 0 il il ec Jan eb ay ec Jan eb ay July Aug Sept Oct Nov D F Apr M June July Aug Sept Oct Nov D F Apr M June March March 3. Nundle 4.Tamworth 250 200 250 200 m 150 2004-2005 2003-2004 150 2003-2004 Average 100 100 2004-2005 m in Rainfall 50 50 0 y t l e 0 ct an h J rc Jul gust Sep O Nov Dec Feb Apri May Jun n b y Ma uly Oct e rch pril une Au J Aug Sept Nov Dec Ja F a A Ma J M Recent and Average Rainfall for Barraba, Manilla, Nundle, Tamworth and Woolbrook Location Rainfall Rainfall Average 2004-2005 2003-2004 Rainfall in mm in mm in mm Barraba 780.9 689 Manilla 627.9 498.1 651.4 Not Nundle 793.7 868 Available Tamworth 629.6 759.2 673 Woolbrook 686.8 784.5 783 More detailed weather information can be found on the Bureau of Meteorology website.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Locus DNA Barcoding Identifies Matk As a Suitable Marker
    Genome Multi -locus DNA barcoding identifies matK as a suitable marker for species identification in Hibiscus L. Journal: Genome Manuscript ID gen-2015-0205.R2 Manuscript Type: Note Date Submitted by the Author: 23-May-2016 Complete List of Authors: Sundar, Poovitha; SRM University Stalin, Nithaniyal; SRM University, Genetic engineering Raju, Balaji; SRM University, Genetic Engineering Madasamy,Draft Parani; SRM University, Genetic Engineering Keyword: Hibiscus, barcoding, matK, ITS2, divergence https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Page 1 of 24 Genome Multi-locus DNA barcoding identifies matK as suitable marker for species identification in Hibiscus L. Sundar Poovitha, Nithaniyal Stalin, Raju Balaji, Madasamy Parani* Centre for DNA Barcoding, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India. * Corresponding author Madasamy Parani, Centre for DNA Barcoding, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India. Tel.: 091-44-2741 7817; Fax: 091-44-2745 3622 E-mail address: [email protected] Draft 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Genome Page 2 of 24 Abstract The genus Hibiscus L. includes several taxa of medicinal value and species used for the extraction of natural dyes. These applications require the use of authentic plant materials. DNA barcoding is a molecular method for species identification, which helps in reliable authentication by using one or more DNA barcode marker. In this study, we have collected 44 accessions, representing 16 species of Hibiscus, distributed in the southern peninsular India, to evaluate the discriminatory power of the two core barcodes, rbcLa and matK together with the suggested additional regions, trnH -psbA and ITS2.
    [Show full text]
  • Circumscription of Murraya and Merrillia (Sapindales: Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) and Susceptibility of Species and Forms to Huanglongbing
    CIRCUMSCRIPTION OF MURRAYA AND MERRILLIA (SAPINDALES: RUTACEAE: AURANTIOIDEAE) AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SPECIES AND FORMS TO HUANGLONGBING Student: Nguyen Huy Chung Principal Supervisor: Professor G Andrew C Beattie, University of Western Sydney Co-supervisors: Associate Professor Paul Holford, University of Western Sydney Dr Anthony M Haigh, University of Western Sydney Professor David J Mabberley, Royal Botanic Garden, Kew Dr Peter H Weston, National Herbarium of New South Wales Date of submission: 31 August 2011 Declaration The work reported in this thesis is the result of my own experiments and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any university or institute of tertiary education. Nguyen Huy Chung 31 August 2011 i Acknowledgements I would first and foremost like to thank my supervisors, Professor Andrew Beattie, Associate Professor Paul Holford, Dr Tony Haigh, Professor David Mabberley and Dr Peter Weston for their generous guidance, academic and financial support. My research required collection of pressed specimens and DNA of Murraya from within Australia and overseas. I could not have done this without generous assistance from many people. I am thankful to Associate Professor Paul Holford and Ms Inggit Puji Astuti (Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesia) who accompanied me during the collection of samples in Indonesia; to Mr Nguyen Huy Quang (Cuc Phuong National Park) and Mr Nguyen Thanh Binh (Southern Fruit Research Institute), who travelled with me during collecting trips in the southern Việt Nam and to Cuc Phuong National Park in northern Việt Nam; to Dr Paul Forster (Brisbane Botanic Garden) who accompanied me during the collection of samples in Brisbane; and to Mr Simon Goodwin who accompanied me during the collection samples in the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney; to Dr Cen Yijing (South China Agricultural University) who travelled with Prof Beattie to collect specimens from Yingde, in Guangdong.
    [Show full text]
  • Bonplandia 13(1-4): 35-115
    BONPLANDIA 13(1-4): 35-115. 2004 LAS ESPECIES SUDAMERICANAS DE HIBISCUS SECC. FURCARIA DC. (MALVACEAE-HIBISCEAE) ANTONIO KRAPOVICKAS1 & PAULA. FRYXELL2 Summary: Krapovickas, A. & P.A. Fryxell. 2004. The South American species of Hibiscus sect. Fumaria DC. (Malvaceae-Hibisceae). Bonplandia 13(1-4): 35-115. ISSN: 0524-0476. The Hibiscus section Furcaria from South America is revised. Ten new species from Brasil are described: H. Andersonii, H. capitalensis, H. chapadensis, H. Gregoryi, H. Hochreutineri, H. itirapinensis, H. matogrossensis, H. Nanuzae, H. Saddii, H. Windischii, and a new one from Perú: H. Chancoae. Two new names are proposed: H. Hilarianus from Brasil and H. amambayensis from Paraguay. A key is provided to distinguish the 40 species of section Furcaria known from South America. Key words: Furcaria, Hibiscus, Malvaceae, South America, Taxonomy. Resumen: Krapovickas, A. y P.A. Fryxell. 2004. Las especies Sudamericanas de Hibiscus secc. Furcaria DC. (Malvaceae-Hibisceae). Bonplandia 13(1-4): 35-115. ISSN: 0524-0476. Se revisa la sección Furcaria del género Hibiscus para Sudamérica. Se describen 10 especies nuevas de Brasil: H. Andersonii, H. capitalensis, H. chapadensis, H. Gregoryi, H. Hochreutineri, H. itirapinensis, H. matogrossensis, H. Nanuzae, H. Saddii, H. Windischii y una nueva especie de Perú: H. Chancoae. Se proponen dos nuevos nombres: H. Hilarianus de Brasil e H. amambayensis de Paraguay. Se agrega una clave para diferenciar las 40 especies conocidas de la sección Furcaria en Sudamérica. Palabras clave: Furcaria, Hibiscus, Malváceas, Sudamérica, Taxonomía. El género Hibiscus L., con más de 200 pectinadas de sus semillas (Fig.l), con excep• especies, es muy heterogéneo, tanto por su ciones y por los lóbulos del cáliz con una variabilidad morfológica como cromosómica.
    [Show full text]