June 2.5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20891 Ottawa. Wildlife Refuge in Ottawa County, H. Res. 568. Resolution to amend the Rules 207. Also, memorlal of the Legislature of Ohio; to the Committee on Public Works and of the House of Representatives to provide the State of Arizona, relative to the appoint­ Transportation. that the Congressional Record shall contain ment of special investigative committees to By Mr. STEED (for himself, Mr. JAR­ a verbatim account of remarks actually de­ resolve the issue of American prisoners of MAN, Mr. JONES of Oklahoma, Mr. livered on the floor, and for other purposes; war and missing in action in Southeast Asia; ENGLISH, and Mr. RISENHOOVER): to the Committee on Rules. jointly to the Committees on Armed Services H.R. 8250. A bill to provide for the post­ By Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin (for and Rules. ponement of regulations of the Secretary of himself, Mr. BOLLING, Mr. CLEVE­ LAND, Mr. FRASER, Mr. FRENZEL, Mr. Health, Education, and Welfare with respect PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS to intermediate care facilities for the mem­ SISK, Mr. ERLENBORN, Mrs. KEYS, Mr. tllly retarded under title XIX of the Social EKHARDT, l\:'.Ir. FREY, Mrs. FENWICK, Under clause 1 of rule XXII, Security Act; to the Committee on Interstate Mr. HARRIS, Mrs. HOLT, Mr. HORTON, Mr. KASTEN, Mr. KETCHUM, Mr. Mr. BENITEZ introduced a bill (H.R. 8252) and Foreign Commerce. for the relief of Tito Victoria.no Martinez, By Mr. ZABLOCKI (for himself, Mr. KINDNESS, Mr. KREBS, Mr. LAFALCE, Mr. LLOYD of California, Mr. LOTT, which was referred to the Committee on the BIESTER, Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. FASCELL, Judiciary. Mr. FINDLEY, Mr. FRASER, Mrs. MEY­ Mr. MCCLOSKEY, Mr. MCCOLLISTER, NER, Mr. SOLARZ, Mr. WHALEN, and Mr. MCHUGH, and Mr. MAZZOLI): H. Res. 569. Resolution to amend the Rules lY!r. WINN), PETITIONS, ETC. H.R. 8251. A bill to amend the argicultural of the House of Representatives to provide Trade Development and Assistance Act of that the Congressional Record shall contain Under clause 1 of rule XXII, 1954; jointly to the Committees on Agricul­ a ve·rbatiin account of remarks actually de­ livered on the floor, and for other purposes; 161. The SPEAKER presented a petition of ture and International Relations. John Tarkowski, Wauconda, Ill .• relative to By Mr. BINGHAM: to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin (for redress of grievances; to the Committee on H.J. Res. 529. Joint resolution for a con­ the Judiciary. stitutional amendment providing that the himself, Mr. ECKHARDT, Mr. CLEVE­ veto of a nonelected President may be over­ LAND, Mr. FRASER, Mr. FRENZEL, Mrs. KEYS, Mr. ERLENBORN, Mr. SISK, Mr. riden by 60 percent of both Houses of Con­ BOLLING, Mr. FREY, Mr. METCALFE, AMENDMENTS gress; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. Moss, Mr. MYERS of Pennsyl­ Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, proposed By Mr. SPENCE: vania, Mrs. PETTIS, Mr. PRESSLER, Mr. H.J. Res. 530. Joint resolution authorizing PRITCHARD, Mr. REES, Mr. REGULA, amendments were submitted as follows: the President to proclaim the second full Mrs. SPELLMAN, Mr. TALCOTT, Mr. H.R. 8121 week in October each year as National Legal TREEN, Mr. w AXMAN, and Mr. By Mr. DRINAN: Secretaries' Court Observatlce Week; to the CHARLES WILSON of Texas) : Page 29, immediately after line 3, insert Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. H. Res. 570. Resolution to amend the Rules the following new section: By Mr. NOWAK: of the House of Representatives to provide "SEC. 209. No part of any amount appro­ H. Con. Res. 325. Concurrent resolution that the Congressional Record shall contain priated by this Act shall be used by the expressing the sense of Congress concerning a verbatim account of remarks actually de­ Department of Justice (including the Fed­ recognition by the European Security Con­ livered on the floor, and for other purposes; eral Bureau of Investigation) to disseminate ference of the Soviet Union's occupation of to the Committee on Rules. other than under the provisions of section Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania; to the Com­ 552 or 552a of title 5, or to acquire, collect, mittee on International Relations. classify, or preserve, any information con­ By Mr. RAILSBACK: MEMORIALS cerning the activities or beliefs of any per­ H. Res. 567. Resolution to amend the Rules son who is not an officer or employee of the of the House of Representatives to create a Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials Department of Justice. except to the ex­ standing committee to be known as the were presented and referred as follows: tent such information is acquired in the Committee on the Environment; to the Com­ 204. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the course of the detection and prosecution of mittee on Rules. House of Representatives of the State of offenses against the United States, or, if By Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin (for Texas, relative to public employee unions; such an investigation is required or author­ himself Mr. SISK, Mr. FRASER, Mr. to the Committee on Education and Labor. ized by law, is acquired in the course or a CLEVELAND, Mrs. KEYS, Mr. FRENZEL, 205. Also, memorial of the Senate of New bona fide investigation of a person being Mr. ERLENBORN, Mr. BOLLING, Mr. Jersey, relative to equalizing the rates of considered for Feder·al appointive office or FREY, Mr. ECKHARDT, Mr. ANDERSON the interstate sale and distribution of nat­ employment." of Illinois, Mr. BAFALIS, M·r. BEDELL, ural gas supplies; to the Committee on In­ By Mr. SNYDER: Mr. BERGLAND, Mr. BLOUIN, Mr. BON­ :terstate and Foreign Commerce. On page 16, af1ter line 14, add the follow· KER, Mr. BRINKLEY, Mr. BROWN of 206. Also, memorial of the Legislature of ing new section: Michigan, Mr. BROWN of Cali­ the State of Maine, relative to including the "SEc. 104. None of the funds appropriated fornia., Mrs. BURKE of California, cost of eyeglasses, prescription drugs and ln this title shall be used for the purposes Mr. CONABLE, Mr. DEVINE, Mr. hearing aids as benefits permitted to ~edi­ of negotiating the surrender or relinquish­ DOWNEY of New York, Mr. EILBERG, care recipients; to the Committee on Ways ment of any U.S. rights in the Panama Canal and Mr. EMERY) ; and Means. Zone."

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE FINANCIAL PLIGHT OF There being no objection, the article not let New York City be sold at auction to NEW YORK CITY was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the highest bidders. That would be open in· as follows: vita.tion to our Arab friends to buy the city •.• then where would we be? New HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. IMMINENT BANKRUPTCY OF NEW YORK CITY York City officials appealed to the U.S. Con­ OF VIRGINIA EMPHASIZES DEFICITS WILL RUIN Us ALL gress for a 1 ~ billion dollar grant. Congress refused. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES The tragic financial plight of New York City should be a lesson to all of us . . . par- What would cause a city the size of New Wednesday, June 25, 1975 ticularly Congressmen. New York City is in York to go broke? The answer is siinple. debt over 137'2 blllion dollars. They have no They have continued to spend more money Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ money in the city coffers. They are unable than they take in. If an individual does dent, in the view of veteran newspaper­ to sell bonds or borrow money from the banks this he has no recourse but to declare bank­ man Louis Spilman the tragic :financial or from individuals. The city must meet its ruptcy. Why can't government be wise plight of New York City should be a stupendous $40,000,000 payroll by June 30. enough to recognize the same situation arises lesson to the Nation. They certainly can't eliminate firemen or when they run out of money and credit? I agree with the analysis of Mr. Spil­ policemen because this would turn the city Higher and higher salaries and wages and man, columnist for the Waynesboro into an arsonist's paradise and a muggers' provision for more and more services pro­ Gerald Ford, the man: His integ­ last two years. This ts 10 per cent fewer gress; but his veto could be overriden rity has been confirmed by investigation tha.n the number in operation two years ago. when 60 per.cent of the Members of each as well as by reputation; and his fun- The oil companies say that this trend is good June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20893 for the nation, ridding our highways of un­ Vallejo Recreation Board, the chamber SIKORSKY'S ANGEL OF MERCY economical and unsightly outlets in f.avor of commerce, the board of the Mental of large, spanking-new stations. Health Society, the Solano County HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY The fact is, however, that most of the Armed Services Committee, the board of doomed outlets are neighborhood locations the Historical Society. OF CONNECTICUT which provide total services to the consumer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rather than simply selling gasoline. As a Additionally, Wally found time for vo­ result, by .attrition, more company stations cation activities-member of the Confer­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 spring up, selling more gas per station, but ence of California Judges, the Municipal Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, the providing less services. Courts Committee of Conference Judges, Sikorsky Aircraft Corp. of Stratford, According to Federal Energy Administra­ member of Judges & Marshals Associa­ Conn., has come repeatedly to the fore tion estimates, company-operated, or r~­ tion, member of the Administrative Com­ finer-operated gas stations, had an average when the United States has called on its s.ales of 61,000 gallons per station, far out­ mittee of the State Bar of California, services. From transportation needs, to stripping the independent gas station aver­ and member of the executive board of astronaut rescues, to its extraordinary age of 24,500 gallons per month. Thus the the Solano Bar. role in Vietnam, the Sikorsky helicopter old cut-throat tactic of coming into an area These are some of the activities that has done exceptional work on behalf of and killing off local competition by lowering make Wally Cox a household word in the people of this Nation. prices tempo~arily, is working, and on a Vallejo; and fortunately for us, his wife, Such efforts have not ~lways con­ giant scale. Jean, can also produce a very competitive The result has been the elimination of formed to the expectations of Igor Si­ thousands of service station owners from list of community activities. korsky, the helicopter's developer. When the retail business of selling gas, and sub• Wally and Jean Cox, for service to your he built his first flying machine, in 1939, sequent creation of greater and gre.ater con• community on this day the Congress of Sikorsky envisioned the new vehicle as trol of the retail gas business by multina• the United States salutes you for a job an "Angel of Mercy," able to serve as a tiona.l oil companies. of excellence. As I look around me, I see the tremendous rescue craft in countless hazardous situ­ influence of big business over our lives. The ations. In time, though, the helicopter junior executive still wears that gray flan­ became widely associated with military nel suit. The big arms contractors still make GOVERNMENT LIFE INSURANCE uses rather-than with its intent as a civil­ big profits helping rising nations to kill off ian rescue craft. their young. The supermarket chains sell As this country entered a new era of vegetables whose prices have changed three HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER peace last year, Sikorsky Aircraft and times in one week while we wait in line OF VmGINIA the industry was faced with a double­ helplessly. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES barrelled challenge: to refurbish the And now the killing off of the little guy helicopter's image as a vital peacetime again, in the business of selling gas, signals Wednesday, June 25, 1975 the death of one more opportunity for our resource, and to adjust to a market in young to make it on their own. Mr. FISHER.. Mr. Speaker, I wish to which military demand had lessened. voice my support of H.R. 7222, a bill The following article points out one very introduced by Congressman Do MINICK V. positive example of helicopter adapta­ JUDGE WALLY COX, OF VALLEJO­ DANIELS, of New Jersey, and· cosponsored tion in response to that challenge. Now A PEOPLE'S JURIST by Congressman RICHARD D. WHITE, of more than ever Sikorsky's label "Angel Texas, chairman of the Subcommittee on of Mercy" fits the product of the com­ Retirement and Employee Benefits and pany he left behind, for the helicopter HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT other members of that subcommittee. has proven capable of answering still OF CALIFORNIA The bill would amend present law to pro­ another pressing national need: to move IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vide that the Federal Government pay the injured and sick quickly and safely Wednesday, June 25, 1975 50 percent of the cost of an employee's to a hospital for advanced medical care. life insurance policy, with the employee I insert in the RECORD excerpts from Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, after 18 paying the remaining 50 percent. the article "Aerial Ambulance: This years serving the people of the Vallejo The Federal employee Government life Medevac Program Pays Off in Lives," municipal court, Judge Wally Cox, the insurar..ce plan-FEOLI-was initiated in from the March/April, 1975 issue of people's designated choice in many elec­ 1954. From FEGLI's inception to the Rotor and Wing magazine: tions, is stepping aside. In his 18 or 20 present, the Federal Government has AERIAL AMBULANCE years of judicial service, Wally has served paid one-third of the cost of an em­ (By J. J. Barber) not only the litigants of the North Bay, ployee's group life insurance policy, and The pretty teenager flipped shut her his­ but also San Francisco, Long Beach, the employees have paid the remaining tory book as the final bell sounded. She Richmond, San Rafael, Walnut Creek, two-thirds. This is in almost inverse pro­ grabbed her red sweater and raced out the Santa Ana, Newport Beach, Fairfield, portion to the general practice in the door to join her friends gathering in the Berkeley, and Napa. private sector, where the employer pays schoolyard. Outside, the late-afternoon des­ As a lawyer and a judge, Wallace W. 60 to 75 percent of the cost of employees' ert air carried a nip, and she donned the Cox has always had a quality of easy life insurance, with a trend being estab­ sweater as the group began moving slowly communication, patience, and compas­ homeward. lished for the private-sector employer Nothing unusual about the scene. The sion. to absorb 100 percent of the cost. same thing was happening in countless Wally Cox was not a judge of myopic It is my understanding that the ad· schools elsewhere. Except in this case, the interests; he has found time not only ministration opposes the bill because of girl in the red sweater probably wouldn't to set a high threshold for the bench and its estimated annual cost of $68.9 million. have been on the playground if it hadn't bar, but he has been an integral part of However, if enacted, H.R. 7222 would been for a unique, private helicopter ambu· his total community. People like Wally not go into effect until the first pay period lance service. Cox make a grouping of houses a home­ The girl, a student at a remote Southern after December 31, 1976. This means that California desert school, ls only one of sev­ town. Wally Cox worked as attorney for there would be no cost for the first year eral hundred persons, nearly all of them the public administrator, president of and a half after its enactment, by which critically injured or gravely ill, who have had the Solano Bar Association, president of time the current budget and fiscal their chances for survival increased through the Vallejo School Board, chairman of crunch, we trust, will be over. the use of two specially equipped helicopters the Solano American Red Cross, and On June 16, 1975, the House voted 245 owned and directed by Loma Linda Univer· president of the junior chamber of com­ to 145 to pass the bill but failed to muster sity Medical Center. merce. Wallace Cox has served on every the two-thirds majority necessary for A teaching and research hospital 65 miles professional and eleemosynary board that east of Los Angeles, in the city of Loma passage of a vote held under suspension Linda, the medical center is believed to be could use his talents. Years and years of of the rules. The bill is expected to come the only one in the United States that owns donated time he gave to the board of up for another vote on the floor of the its own helicopter ambulances-a Sikorsky directors of the Boy Scouts of America, House in July. It is my intention to vote &-55B and a Sikorsky &-55-T. Both have been the school board, the California State in favor of the bill at that time and to converted and outfitted with medical equip­ Executive School Board, the White House strongly urge my congressional colleagues ment and built-in life-supported systems. Conference on Education, the Greater to do likewise. Since the June 1972 inception of medevac 20894 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2.5, 1975 service by the 516-bed hospital, which is as­ eratlonal area is made up of mountain ranges a direct run of 50 to 75 miles on a freeway sociated with Loma Linda University and its with peaks above 11,000 feet and tempera­ or good highway from a desert hospital would medical school, the benefits from the heli­ tures well below freezing in winter and va.st be cheaper. But he pointed out that it takes copters have been threefold: deserts, some lower than sea level, with sum­ more than an hour for a ground ambulance Patients in less well equipped hospitals, mer temperatures higher than 115 degrees. on an emergency run to negotiate the steep, 150 miles or more away in small desert and With these considerations in mind, plus the twisting roads leading down from a nearby mounta.in communities, have been moved to knowledge gained from use of the S-55B, the mountain resort lake. He S'.l.id it's cheaper t he medical center or other large hospitals hospital authorized Western to certify ani:t. by helicopter, which takes less t han 15 min­ quickly and comfortably with all the equip­ equip the second H-19 and to have it turbin­ ut es to cover the distance. ment needed to sustain their lives. ized by Helitec Corp., of Mesa, Ariz. "We have gotten no public funds to oper­ Loma Linda University Medical Center has The tab for the S-55-T, including medical ate t his thing,'' Meyer stressed. He said the extended its range in assisting outlying hos­ equipment, was approximately $200,000, re­ co.>t of t he operation-covering helicopter, pitals. ported Meyer. The S-55-T went into service pilot, and medic- is slightly more than $200 Operation of the service has generated rev­ in January 1974, and the S-55B was delegated an hour for t he 35 to 40 hours a month the enue for a private helicopter operator. West­ to a backup role and for use on the few program has been averaging. "We've got to ern Helicopters Inc., of nearby Rialto, which occasions when there are simult aneous emer­ make it sink or swim on its own merits." fiies and maintains Silwrskys for the hos­ gency calls. However, when t he hospital gets a call, lt pital. Was the expense of converting the t wo doesn't ask first if the patient can pay. The It was through Western Helicopters' Alec helicopters into ambulances worth it? flight is made and the charge is discussed Fergusson, who recently gave up his active "If you go to dollars and cents it's not later. If the patient is indigent, the hospital day-to-day participation· in the company he worth it," said Meyer. "But we're ·not in a absorbs the cost. · founded, that the hospital embarked on its dollar and cents business-we're in a life­ In return for the cost Of running the oper­ ambitious medevac program. Looking back, saving business and we feel it's worth it.'' at ion, the hospital, as well as the patient, Fergusson said it all started with a question. Robert Fuller is also in the life-saving benefits. Meyer explained that the helicopters "The then administrator of the hospital," business. As air evacuation team leader for have extended the range of Loma Linda's he said, "gave a talk to the Rialto Rotary the medical center, he is one of the three ability t.o assist smaller hospitals. Club on the high cost of medical care. The persons wit h emergency medical training as­ "There are certain _h95pitals," he said, whole gist of his speech was that they had signed to helicopter duty. In his job, he has "that cannot take care of some types of pa­ to spend $100,000 to buy a machine that seen what speedy evacuation and transport tients they receive, and they are anxious to would save one life a year. in a well-equipped helicopter ambulance. lias ' move them to some larger facility." He cited "I approached him after the meeting and me~nt to critically ill or injured patients. filghts to Blythe, Calif., more than 140 air said, 'Have you ever thought of using a "We have had several cardiac patients," miles away on the California-Arizona border, helicopter?' He said. 'Yes, but they're too said Fuller, "that we brought to Loma Linda and to other communities as far, if not far­ expensive.' from outlying hospitals, and they would not "I said, 'Well I just heard you tell 50 peo­ ther. The medical center's longest medevac have lived if they had gone by any other fiight was from Loma Linda to Sacramento, ple that Loma Linda would spend $100,000 means than air because of the time factor. Calif., a distance of approximately 400 air !or one machine to save one life. How many "Several patients were very unstable (med­ miles. lives would a helicopter save?' ically) at the time we arrived .at an outlying "He said, 'You know, no one ever ap­ hospital to pick them up. The reason these Meyer said another important benefit that proached us on that basis. Give us a proposi­ patients were being moved was they needed accrues to the universiy hospital from the tion.'" to be sent to a specialized center where they helicopter ambulances is the greater variety The proposition was a 10-day trial of an had additional facilities. of accident cases and critically ill persons Alouette III over the 1970 Christmas holiday that can be seen and studied by the doctors "Being in an unstable condition to begin in training and those doing research at the period." Norman Meyer, assistant administra­ with, had ' they not been moved with the facility. tor for the medical center, said the medevac equipment on board that we had, they very experiment proved successful. This, he ex­ likely would not have made it." In operation, how are the S-55s as a place plained, led to acquiring two military-sur­ Meyer said that approximately 98 'percent for a medic to work? plus H..:.19s from the U.S. Department of · of the helicopter calls have been for trans­ "The S-55," said Fuller, "has the extra Health, Education, and Welfare through the fers between hospitals, with about 80 per­ room, the space that one needs to perform California state-surplus-property p1·ogram. cent of the patients being sent to Loma medical procedures without being cramped. Meyer admitted the H-19s "looked pretty Linda. The hospital does not restrict the I have full access to the patients, even with bad" when the medical center got them in helicopters to just inter-hospital transfers, four litters on board." late 1971. But the hospital authorized West­ but Meyer said that so far there have been The medic remembers one litter patient, ern, an operator with 14 helicopters and an only a few calls to accident scenes. in particular, who had been critically injured extensive maintenance fa.clUty that does out­ When calls do come in, they go to the in being thrown from a horse. Fuller said the side work, to go ahead and convert one of emergency room; there, the helicopters are patient had suffered a brain stem injury, and dispatched. Western has four pilots for the hemorrhaging in the skull was applying the Sikorskys to a civilian configuration for pressure to the brain. air taxi/charter certification. At the same S-55s, and there is one on standby in the time, western was asked to transform the hangar or on call at home 24 hours a day. He said that during the 40-minute mede· roomy cabin to meet the needs of an aerial When notified, the pilot flies to the hospi· vac flight from a distant desert hospital the ambulance. tal:-a five-minute trip-and picks up the patient's vital signs were rapidly diminish· Approximately $60,000 later, Loma Linda medic and any other personnel making the ing. The medic said on landing at the hos• had an S-55B outfitted with medical sys. flight, along with any special equipment that pital, the riding-accident victim was im· terns and able to carry four litter patients might be required for the particular case. mediately rushed into surgery. and one seated ambulatory patient, plus a "If it's a premature baby, for example," "Had she not arrived at the hospital by pilot and a. medic. said Meyer, "the helicopter would come by helicopter as soon as she had," said Fuller, .. "To my knowledge," said Meyer, who has the hospital and pick up a physicia.n and she would have died." looked into a number of other medevac pro­ nurse or maybe an inhalation therapist and The helicopter medevac patient was the grams, "there is possibly no helicopter con­ incubator." · teenage girl in the red sweater. version in the United States that is as well Meyer noted that, 'of the more than 430 equipped as ours.'' fiights made by he S-55s from June 1972 He credited the Volunteer Service League, · through the end of 1974, 55 percent involved a group of women who donate their time and premature babies. He pointed out that Loma THE FOURTH OF JULY RECESS: raise funds for the hospital, for financing Linda has the only infant intensive care unit WALKING AWAY FROM OUR two-thirds of the cost of the medical equip­ in Sa.n Bernardino County. The county, the PROBLEMS ment and the conversion of one of the piston nation's largest, covers an areas greater than aircraft to turbine power. Earlier, before the Massachusetts, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and medical center had even become involved in Delaware combined! the medevac program, the league financed Of the other 45 percent of the flights, the HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II a $45,000 rooftop heliport at the $20-million administrator said 32 carried accident vic­ OF vmGINIA facility to permit helicopters ot bring in tims and the remaining 13 percent were med­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES emergency cases. The helistop has a ramp ical patients, the majority coronary cases. leading directly into the building, where "Our costs," said Meyer, "basicaUy are Wednesday, June 25, 1975 there are elevators to rush patients to the pretty competitive with an ambulance." He emergency rooms. said that depending on distance or terrain Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I intend "We got the S-55B going," said Fergusson, and roads, the helicopter might be only a to vote against the resolution for a 10- "and we started out at 15 to 20 hours a quarter to a third more than a ground ambu­ day Independence Day recess. This re­ month. The growth and demand seemed to lance-or it might be cheaper. cess is unnecessary, and I -believe would keep increasing. Explaining the helicopter cost further, mean that Congress is turning its back Much of the medevac services' normal op- Meyer said that a ground ambulance making on fundamental economic-energy prob· June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20895 lems waiting at the doorstep of the ment have progressively given way to throughout the United States, as soon as House of Representatives. the exigencies of "Realpolitik," the pass­ possible, upon the request of the com­ Just yesterday the House Committee ing of historic figure such as Josef munities involved. on Interstate and Foreign commerce Cardinal Mindszenty has special signif­ My hometown of Huntington, Ind., was reported out H.R. 7014, a comprehen­ icance for all who cherish freedom. Cer­ the first city in the Bell System to adopt sive energy bill which goes to the roots tainly, no one in our time fought harder, "911." Since that time other cities in of our energy problems. I am pleased suffered more, or feared less in defense Indiana have adopted "911." that last week this body approved the of liberty than did he. An additional incentive to providing Ways and Means Committee energy bill, Mr. Speaker, during Cardinal Mind­ "911" was the legislation passed last year, H.R. 6860. But H.R. 6860 must be ac­ szenty's trip to Washington a year ago, the Emergency Medical Services Act, companied by H.R. 7014. In the Ways John M. Szostak, executive director of which requires communities to establish and Means bill, we approved import the Washington Liaison Services, served a single emergency number, "911" to quotas. But we cannot limit imports as the distinguished prelate's official · qualify for funds under this legislation. without controlling prices and encourag­ photographer. Though the acquaintance I would. like to enclose an article from ing energy conservation. This bill, then was brief, Mr. Szostak was profoundly the Fort Wayne News Sentinel, June 21, is really part 2 of the Democrats energy impresed, so much so, that he has writ­ 1975, regarding Indiana's response to package. These two bills go hand-in­ ten a touching tribute to the cardinal. that legislation: hand, and I do not think this Congress I would like to commend to my col­ CITIES URGED: ADOPT EMERGENCY 911 PHONE can go home and justify doing a half­ leagues' attention and to insert in the INDIANAPOLis.-Indiana cities and counties way job. We must act now-not next RECORD the following eulogy: were urged Friday to adopt the universal emergency telephone number of 911. month-because the problems are press­ A PHOTOGRAPHERS LOOK AT CARDINAL MINDSZENTY The recommendation came from the Indi­ ing and require immediate solution. ana Emergency Medical Services Commission, There is a second reason why we must The news of the death of Josef Cardinal whose chairman, Dr. James C. Dillon, Indi­ not recess and that is that we must re­ Mindszenty strong willed former Primate of anapolis, said that all signs point to 911 as store public confidence in the ability Hungry who became the symbol of freedom being the basic emergency telephone number has come as a shock to all especially to those to be used nationally and in Indiana. of Congress to attack the Nation's prob­ who have known the Cardinal and worked lems. I am tired of the administration's Another commission member, C. Theodore with him in his years of exile. Almost a year Pine, who also is government manager for and the media's ill-founded charges to the day Washington was fortunate to Indiana :Sell Telephone Company, said that that this Congress is a "do nothing" have oardinal Mindszenty as a honored by October of 1976 the 911 number will be in Congress. guest of the city, the Congress and the Arch­ basic use in 18 geographic areas of Indiana, Rightly or wrongly, this recess will diocese. including Indianapolis. He said these 18 areas give the public the impression that we For me his passing was a personal loss be­ contain more than half of Indiana's popula­ are a vacation-happy group. I have cause during this two day visit, I was priv­ tion. ileged to be his personal photographer who The commission adopted a resolution fa­ voted for every other recess we have covered his Washington visit from beginning taken this session, and I believe that voring a uniform 911 number and sent it to to end. The feeling and observation that I commissioners in the 92 counties and to recesses. are necessary to carrying out .gathered during those two days was as mayors of all Indiana cities. our duties as representatives of our di.S­ though I was covering a Saint. Right I was The resolution also requests law enforce­ tricts. But this recess is ill-timed be­ because Cardinal Mindszenty is a Saint of ment agencies, fire departments and emer­ cause,. one, the energy bill needs prompt our times. gency medical service provi(iers to enter into attention; and two, because, this recess During those close photographic moments discussions on how a central dispatching sys­ especially in private one could capture tem can be established in each community. comes too close to others. We recently through th_e lens of the camera the su:f'rer­ had~ recess and will have a month-long Dillon said that implementation of the 911 ing he has gone through, his love for God, number would not happen statewide over­ one m August. If we have this recess, his love for Holy Mother the Church, his night, but "the time has come when all cities from May 22 to September 3, we will love for mankind and his special affection for and counties should be making plans for the have had 35 weekdays out of session children. At one private moment as he was use of the 911 system as the common number and 40 in session. This means that of praying having his eyes fixed on the cruci­ to secure all types of emergency service." the possible 75 days we could have fix one could see tears ooime down his cheek, Philip K. Martin, Lafayette, commission worked during this period we will ·have I was moved to do the same. In leaving to executive director, also presented the com­ give him privacy, the Cardinal said, "Please mission with the names of the first 634 Hoo­ not worked 47 percent of those days. No stay my son" this I will never forget, his ~onder public confidence in congress siers who have met all of the EMS commis­ humility and kindness. I had the same feeling sion's training requirements and are now is eroding. During this period, a little as the author of the book titled "Journal of qualified to be certified as emergency medi­ over 3 months, we will have worked only a Soul" the private moments with Pope cal technicians. 53 percent of the possible workdays John XXIII. This first group of trainees submitted to This Congress has been one of the Finally to personify his greatness one can the training program on a voluntary basis. most active in recent years. We are get­ best put it in these words: Commission rules and regulations do not pro­ "The Church and the world will mourn vide for mandatory certification of emergency ting things done. But I believe we are for they have lost a great example of our s!tirking our responsibility to the Na­ medical technicians until 1978. The certifica­ faith and patron of freedom. tions are valid for three years. tion and further undermining public "The Church and the world will remember con_ftdence if we go home now without him as the man of the hour who has stood acting on the Commerce Committee's for the Church in its darkest hours. ~~ergy bill. I hope my colleagues will "The Church and the world will write trib­ ute and finally remember his a.s a Saint J?m ~e in defeating the recess resolu­ THE OPIUM POPPIES ARE RIPENING tion; if we do, we can go home in Au­ of our time." gust with the pride and assurance that Congr~s~ does have the guts and ability HON. LEO C. Z.EFERETTI to dec1s1vely attack the Nation's prob­ EMERGENCY HELP OF NEW YORK lems. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. J. EDWARD ROUSH Wednesday, June 25, 1975 A TRIBUTE TO CARDINAL OF INDIANA Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, I have MINDSZENTY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES joined in cosponsoring a resolution­ House Concurrent Resolution 296-call­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 ing on the President to convene the Na­ HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, since 1967 I tional Security Council to devise a viable OF MISSOURI have been an advocate of a single, na­ strategy for combating the flow of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tionwide emergency telephone number. I Turkish drugs into the United States. was pleased in 1968 when A.T. & T., fol­ Turkey unilaterally lifted its ban on Wednesday, June 25~ 1975 lowed shortly by . the independent tele­ opium poppy production over the vehe­ l\4r. C~Y. Mr. Speaker, in a world in phone companies, announced that they ment objections of the United States. which principle and morality in govern- would provide a single number, "911" Even now, the new crop is maturing and 2089'6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 19 'i'5 will, quite shortly, be ready for harvest. editor of the editorial pages of the Mr. Smidt has also been cited for his work This is ominous news for America. Bridgeport, Conn.. Post. and Telegram in the area of Wildlife conservation. As our worries have found open expres­ and Sunday Post, won first place honors Father John M'. Lefko, out-going president sion, Turkey has offered numerous verbal for both editorial writing and editorial o! the college, and L. Cosby Berna.rd, chair­ man of the Board of Directors, conferred t he assurances designed to allay our tears. 1 column writing in the statewide journal­ honorary degree upon Mr. Smidt. am, however, unconvinced. No evidence ism competition sponsored by the Con­ Giving the valedictory address was lVIr.;;. exists that Turkey has taken adequate necticut Chapter of Sigma Delta Chi, the Marcelle A. Pineda; of South Holland. The steps to prevent diversion o! opium-gum society of professional journalists. 29-year-old mot her of one Is a native or into international narcotics travel In Winning in either category is an honor, France and has also lived in Peru and Vene­ fact, it is estimated that the 1975- crop given the high level of competition in zuela. She finished work for her Baehelor of will be 50 percent larger than those crops Connecticut journalism. But only a four­ Arts Degree in p :ychology in December nd harvested before the ban, which can nalist of exceptional ability can win in presently WOl'ks for the Tri-City Ment al translate into an almost 50 percent in­ Health Center. both categories. Joe Owens is such a The 1975 gradu ates tot aled 292, including crease in overall drug traffic, much of man. 213 Baccalaureate Degrees a n d 79 AssociG.te which is guaranteed to hit the interna­ I congratulate Joe for this great trib­ Degrees. tional markets. ute and wish him continued succe s as a We now know that the Drug Enforce­ commentator without peer. ment Administration is unable to eff ec­ LAFAYETTE LAKE: MEETING TIP­ tively block the :fiow of drugs into our PECANOE COUNTRY'S RECREA­ country. The DEA has also predicted a TTON NEEDS substantial increase in the amount o! PETER C. SMIDT, PROMINENT HOO­ drugs which will reach our country be­ SIER, RECEIVES AWARD FROM cause of Turkey's decision to lift the ban. CALUMET COLLEGE HON. FLOYD J .. FITHIAN In anticipation of the new bumper-crop. 01" INDIANA drug tramckers have already released a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEr TATIVES significant part of their stock-piled her­ Weanesdav~ June· 25i 1975 oin into circulation. This has already HON. RAY J. MADDEN shown up in the streets of our country in OF INDIANA Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speak.er~ the con­ the form of more seizures,. greater quan­ IN rl'HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sti·uction and development ·of Lafayette tity and better quality of heroin already Wednesday, June 25, 1975 Lake will fill an important recreational need for Tippe.canoe County, Indiana's on the streets. Obviously, the DEA is rela­ Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, Peter C. tively helpless. Its administrator has been fastest growing metropolitan communi y, Smidt, one of the Indiana Calumet re­ and the surounding areas. fired. No common efforts, centrally co­ gion's businessmen and restaw:anteur. ordinated, exist to defend us against the Tippecanoe Connty is cm.e of the best received a much deserved honor from places to live and raise a family in the looming onslaught of hard drugs. Calumet College in East Chicago, Ind. The state Department is diplomatic­ State. But as anyone who has spent a Peter c. Smidt is the son of Phil Smidt, hot August afternoon looking :for a place aly soft-pedaling the menace of Turkish one of the pioneers who helped build opium. because of an urgent desire to re­ to beat the heat knows. we don't have the the great industrial Calumet region of recreation facilities e need here~Despite tain Turkey as a NATO ally in the East­ the Hoosier State. ern Mediten-anean. efforts to improve outdoor recreation op­ Pete is one of the leaders of the civic portWlities in the area, existing parks ju t In addition to this, we now are aware life of Lake County, Ind., and over the that the route of Turkish opium to Amer­ are not keeping pace with the rising de­ years has promoted and participated in mands being pl ced on them.. Withou ica will be through the reestablishment outdoor activities, as an active member of the now well-known French connec­ of the Izaak Walton League, made num­ action now. we can expect overcrnwding tion. Here aga~ to my great regret, to get worse .. not better. erous contributions to charitable organi­ A recent study of recreation facili ies there is little effort heing made by our zations, and was always in the forefront Government to pressm·e the French into in our county, sponso1·ed by the Tippe­ iding us in this struggle. on promotion of civic activities through­ canoe County Park Board and the county out the region. . area plan commission found that exist­ So we have arrived to the end of our I include an article from the Calumet temP<>rary respite. Shortly, this poison College News pertaining to the honorary ing public parks are falling to keep up wm reach more of our young people. doctorate of laws conferred upon him as with the gwwing needs of county resi­ And, unless the most stringent measures dents. The need for more water-related a long time member of the Calumet Col­ sports facilities far fishing, swimming, are taken at the highest level, the trage­ lege board of directors during the com­ dies of the late 1960's and early 1970's and boating is particularly crucial today mencement exercises held at the Bishop and is expected to increase over 200 per­ will be repeated in hundreds of thou­ Noll Fieldhouse in Hammond, Ind.: sands of homes in our cotmtry. More cent in the next 15 years. Nature-related teenagers will die of overdoses. More DOCTORATE TO. S::vrmT recreational facilities for hiking, picnick­ young girls will tum to prostitution to An honorary doctor of laws degree was con­ ing, and camping also fall short of meet­ ferred upon Peter C. Sm.Idt, longtime member demands by support their habits; what we have on of the Calumet College Board of Directors, ing the growing county the streets of New York today will be on at Commencement Exercises held Saturday, residents. Demand of facilities to meet the streets of every smaller town to­ May 3, a.t Bishop Noll Fieldhouse in Ham­ these needs will increase nearly 170 per­ morrow. mond. cent by 1990. But the problem does. not This sense of urgency must be com­ Mr. Smidt, a native of Roby, Indiana, is stop at the county line. The Indiana De­ municated to everyone 111 our country, t he owner of Phil Smidt and Son Rest aurant, partment of Natw:al Resom·ces studies This is a bipartisan affair, and we have Hammond. show that water sports facilities in the Active in communit y atrairs, Mr. Smidt has seven-county region which h1cludes Tip­ little time to. lose. been a member of the Board of Directors of Calumet College for 20 years, the longest ten­ pecanoe are falling short of meeting the ure of any membe1· of the school's hi.story. current needs of the region. They, too, He has also been a. member of the Board of predict that demand for wate;r sports JOSEPH A. OWENS WINS Directors of Hoosier Boys Town for 20 years facilities will double within our life­ JOURNALISM AWARDS and president of the board of Paramore Hos­ times-and those of our children. pital for 22. years. He is a. member of the Car­ Lafayette Lake can meet these needs. melfte Home Guild and Sacret Heart Church, Current plans call fo1· 45 miles of shore­ HON. WILLIAM R. COTTER Whiting. line and a 300-foot gi·eenbelt surround­ OF CONNECTICUT He has been involved with many other local organizations including the Purity ing the lake to insure public access and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT ATIVES League, of which he is currently president. to block extensive lakefront crowding. Wednesday,_ June ZS, 1975 the Hammond Elks Club, the Whiting Initial plans have called for swimming Knights of Columbus (Past Faithful Na.Vi­ and open water sports areas, hiking and Mr. COTTER. Mr. Speaker, I wish at gator-Linooln Assembly), the- Indiana So­ riding trails, up to 500 picnic and 530 this time to call to the attention of llll' ciety, the Fraternal Order of Ponce of Whit­ campsites, as well as possible wiidlife colleagues the fact that Joseph A. Owens~ ing an d Hammond, a.nd m any ot hers. management and water!<> ;vl preserve June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20897 areas. Some have already suggested zon­ slve Government intervention, irresponsible personally delivering my greetings to ing areas of the lake for certain recrea­ deficit spending, taxes--0vertaxing t he poor, them at some date in the near future. tional uses-one area for swimming and and moral decay in our society. quiet :fishing and one area for boating. Others have suggested keeping each type KOCH URGES SUPPORT FOR FOUR of water recreation in a separate area. SALUTE TO MOZAMBIQUE And some suggest that wildlife and EPISCOPALIAN CONVENTION RES­ waterfowl conservation areas be kept off OLUTIONS limits to boats and vehicles. HON. LOUIS STOKES Final plans for Lafayette Lake's rec­ OF OHIO reational areas have not been drav.-n up IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. EDWARD I. KOCH yet. But now that construction of the OF NEW YORK lake is assured, we have the opportunity Wednesday, June 25, 1975 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to make some choices. We must have open Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I was in­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 public planning to make sure that the vited by the FRELIMO Executive Com­ best .recreational use of the lake is made. mittee to participate in independence Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, the 197th celebrations which will take place today Convention of the Diocese of New York and tomorrow in Lourenco Marques, of the Episcopal Church met on May 10, Mozambique. This invitiation was ex­ 1975. They ratified four resolutions QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS tended to me through two of my friends, which I believe deserve the support of Prime Minister of Mozambique Transi­ this Congress. tional Government, Joaquim Chissano, The resolutions foil ow: HON. LARRY PRESSLER and Marcelino Dos Santos, vice president. ON EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING OF SOUTH DAKOTA I regret that legislative matters and de­ Whereas, the current economic depression IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bate in which I am involved prevented has hit the lives of all but a few with the my attendance today at this gala celebra­ impact of an earthquake, causing widespread Wednesday, June 25, 1975 hunger, malnutrition, impaired health and tion when the free and independent na­ other hardships, and Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, I w1sh tion of Mozambique formally takes its Whereas, the economic depression has also to submit the questionnaire results that place among the world community, after generated a psychological and spiritual de­ I have recently received from my con­ nearly 500 years of colonial domination pression, generating a spirit of defeat, in­ stituents. I believe that the many re­ by Portugal. difference and despair, and sponses I have received are a significant Strategically located on the Indian Whereas, the youth of the nation have indicator of the feelings of my constitu­ Ocean in the southeast corner of the become a major casualty of the current eco­ ents on the critical issues now affecting African continent, Mozambique has long nomic and spiritual crisis we face, devastated both South Dakota and the Nation. by unemployment of mo1·e than 65 % among been in the forefront of the liberation urban young men and women, and Over 3,000 South Dakotans responded movements of Africa, seeking not only Whereas, institutions and programs for to my questionnaire. I have computed its own independence but also majority people in need face severe lack of funds caus­ the responses according to favorable, un­ rule in neighboring South Africa and ing further hardship to those already victims favorable, and undecided answers. I am Zimbabwe. of a worldwide economic disorder, and grateful for this opportunity t-0 share the Those who fought most ardently for Whereas, the Christian Church and its results with my colleagues: freedom in Mozambique, under the lead­ people are called to compassion and works QUESTIONNAmE ership of the Front for the Liberation of of mercy, therefore, be it . Resolved: That this 197th Convention ot Question 1 : Do you feel there should be Mozambique-FRELIMO-inherit seri­ the Diocese of New York call upon the Gov­ tax incentives to buy smaller cars which ous challenges in social, educational and ernment of the United States to devise and consume less gasoline? other internal structures brought about initiate a broad program of corrective action Yes, 53 % ; no, 44 % ; undecided, 3 % . by colonial neglect. which will reduce prices, stimulate equity, Respondents favored production of a They join the world community of na­ availability of basic necessities such as food, small American-made car, and they indi­ shelter, clothing and health care, and be it cated a feeling that all cars should provide tions at a time when worldwide reces­ sion and inflation threaten to unbalance Resolved: That Government and voluntary at least 20 mpg. organizations encourage families and indi­ Question 2: Should the Government es­ the most stable of nations. viduals to meet their own needs by making tablish target prices for cattle as they have They face obstacles of uneven land and gainful employment and training available to done for grains such as wheat and corn? education benefits, with industrial pro­ all, and be it further Yes, 39%; no, 53 %; undecided, 8 %. duction, stagnated in primary product Resolved: That the Federal Government My constituents here expressed the belief areas due to Portuguese exploitation of organize constructive programs of employ­ that they did not want the Government to ment, act as an employer of last resort when increase its already extensive involvement reso.urces, and With a world little inter­ ested in the problems of others. necessary, to the end that the blight of im­ in farming processes. employment and suffering be relieved. Question 3: Should the Government set Nevertheless, the people of Mozam­ up price guidelines for fertilizer, insecticides, bique have demonstrated extraordinary and other petroleum based products? ON AMNESTY, VETERANS BENEFITS AND THOSE courag'e and fortitude in their quest for MISSING IN ACTION Yes, 51%; no, 43%; undecided, 6 %. freedom and solutions to their difficulties. Question 4: Should the Occupational Whereas, 1976 is the Bicentennial of the Safety and Health Act (OSHA) be amended I believe the United States and other na­ United States of America, and to require warnings rather than immediat e tions of the world must welcome Mozam­ Whereas, from Biblical times, Jubilee years fines for violations of the law? bique and its people, and must assist in have been occasions for extraordinary acts of Yes, 73%; no, 23%; undecided, 4%. every way the efforts of the new gove1n­ forgiveness, reconciliation, and generosity, Most respondents voice strong opposition ment to take its rightful place in the and to the OSHA law. Some felt that warnings world community. Whereas, the Diocese of New York has rather than fines would take the "guts" out To President Samora Machel, my called in the past for amnesty to all who have of the law. friends Marcelino Dos Santos, Joaquim refused military service in Vietnam for rea­ Question 5. Because of the growing un­ sons of conscience, and employment rate, should the Government set Chissano, their families and the people of Whereas, the Diocese of New York has also up public works programs like those during Mozambique go the best wishes of all called in the past for recognition and com­ the '30s. those who treasure freedom, in this coun­ mendation of those who in obedience to con­ Yes, 58 %; no, 36 %; undecided, 6%. try and around the world. It gives me science and the call of their country chose People favored worthwhile programs, but great pleasure to know that my col­ to follow the law of the land and serve in they were opposed to having Government leagues, Congresspersons CHARLES c. Vietnam or wherever called upon to go, now, programs that did not offer something of DIGGS, Jr. and CARDISS COLLINS, are pres­ therefore, be it value to the participants. Resolved, That the Diocese of New York Question 6: What do you think is t he ent in Mozambique to represent those calls upon the President of the United States most important issue of tlle day? feelings. I would like to add my own best to declare a general and unconditional am­ Answers were naturally varied on this wishes to our brothers and sisters of nesty to all those in prison or under threat question, but the most frequently listed Mozambique, and wish them a joyous of prosecution for draft evasion and deser• topics were inflation, unemployment, exces- celebration of liberty. I look forward to tion, in obedience to the Biblical injunction 20898 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1915 to "proclaim liberty throughout all the land," Resolved: Tb.at copies of this resolution go tration statement under 2 U .S.C. Section 433. and to .. return every man to his family," and to the President of the 'Uhited States, to th& Such commitllees which support only ca.ndl. be it further Postmaster Genera.I. to the New York dele­ dates for the House of Rep1·esentatives Resolved, That the Diocese of New York gations ln the United States Senate and the should register wlth the Clerk thereof. Such calls upon the President and Congress of the United States HotrS& of Representatives and committees which support only candidates United Sta.tes to offer d.ue and. proper recog­ to the executive secretaries of the Associ­ for the Senate should register with the Sec­ nition or the honorable service of Vietnam ated Church Press, Catholic Press Associa· retary thereof'. All other imeh committees Veterans by upgrading Education and Insur­ tion, Evangelical Press Association, and the should register with the Gommiss.fon. ance benefits provided these Veterans to the American Jewish Press Association. equivalent of those pro~ided those who served in World War II; and the Diocese of New York further calls upon the Governor and Leglslaiture of New York State to continue THE NEED FOR A RESPONSIBLE funding New York State County Veteran FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION PRESS Service Agency Offices and provide other ben­ efits commensurate with i·ecognition of those HON. TOM STEED who served in their country's Armed Forces during the Vietnam Counter-insurgency OF OKLAHOMA HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Operations~ and be it fw.·ther IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF OHIO Resolved, Thait the Dioc~ of New York Wednesday, June 25, 1975 registers its continued concern for the wel­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI\'ES fare of those missing in action in Vietnam.. Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, in further Wednesday, June 25,. 1975 and their families, and urges the Govern­ compliance with my announced program Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, if the . ment of the United States and the Govern­ of providing proposed rules and regula­ ment of North Vietnam in cooperation with world was a perfect place, the United tions for the newly created Federal Elec­ States would not need intelligence opera­ the appropriate authorities in South Viet• tions Commission for the RECORD, I in­ nam to ~apidly determine the fate and the tions. There would be no need for the whereabouts of these men.. clude herewith a third publication in the CIA or otha· intelligence organizations. Federal Register by the Commission. However, the world is far from perfect. ON LF.GISLATION OJ' AJtMAMENTS This far-reaching new Federal function And our enemies maintain spying opera­ find in Whereas, over two-thirds of the approxi­ will increasing interest the very tions and worse against. us~ The Soviet mately 20,000 murders committed annually near future and I urge my colleagues to KGB has been reported listening in on in our nation are gun-infilcted. killings, and retain these materials for reference. Whereas, the Constitutional ••right to bear congressional phone calls in Washing­ The proposals are as follows: ton, D.C. Soviet agents are busy in all arms" is no excuse for the manufacture &! TITLE 11-FEDERAL ELECTIONS some 2.5 million new weapons every year, and parts of the world. Conununist Chinese Whereas, the flow cf hand guns across CHAPTER ll-FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION agents are likewise active.. stat& lines indicates the- impossiblllty ot re­ [Notice 1975--e} Unfortunately,. the large establishment lying on local gun control laws to stem the Interim Guideline: Multi-Candidate news media has presented little balance tide, and Committees in this area. In place of responsibility Whereas, the Mayor of New York estimates (1) Political committees supporting more much of the press seems more interested that there are 1 milllon hand guns in this than one candidate (multi-candidate com­ city of 8 million men, women and children, in sensatianallsm. mittees) which have heretofore reported t<> There have been some who have been and two or more supervisory omcers or which. if Whereas, 123 police officers were killed by new, would have had to file with more than calling :for responsibilityw 'llte Tl'ibune­ hand guns last year, therefore be it one supervisory officer (as, for example, a Courier of Ontario, Ohio has printed an Resolved: That th& 197th Convention o! committee. supporting candidates :ror both edit;orial that deserves wider circulation. call the Diocese or New York upon the Con­ the Senate and the Pres!d.ency} ~ should tile At this point I hlclude in the RECORD greM of the United States to enact legisla­ their July 10, 1975 report with the Federai the full text of the editorial entitled tion to control the manufacture, importa­ Election Commission. 1325 K Street, N. w.• "Irresponsible Press" and commend it tion, sale, Interstate and intrastate shipment, Washington, D.C. 20463. Mult1-canf all guns, parts and ammunition; and be- It the House of Representatives should file their InRESPONSmr.E Prurrss: further J'uly 10, 1975 report wfth the- Clerk of the It seems never to fail. Whenever e. weakness Resolved: That this resolution be forwarded House of Representatives. Multi-candidate in our federal government ls uncovered, re­ to the members of the United States Congress committees supporting only candidates :for gardless of its relative value or importance, representing the geographical area encom· the Senate should file their July 10.. 1975 re­ the press. rushes in to gna.w. gnaw and gnaw passed by the Diocese of New York. port with the Secretary of the &ma.te. Multi· on it like a hungry d.og on a soup bone. candidate committees which have heretofore The current flap over the CIA Is a ca.se 111 ON POSTAL RATES FOR NoN-PROFir MAIL filed only with the General Accounting Of­ point. Kvery news commenta.tor. every news­ Whereas,, postal rates !or non-profit sec· fice, should file the July 10. 1975 report with paper columnist of national importance has ond class mall are increasing at a. rate the Federal Election Commission at the above had a. fiing a.t denouncing this covert and threatening the continued' existence of par­ address. important arm of our government. ish newsletters, a diocesan paper, and all (2) No multi-candidate committee de­ It's one thing to cl1ticlze the CIA tor some other non-profit second class publications. &cribed ln the foregptng paragraph need file of its wrongful acts regarding their opera­ amt with the principal campaign committees of tions, but> it's wrong, to litezally break down Whereas, President Ford has failed to in· the candidates supported, except that: the crediblllty and importance of this branch elude in the present budget the subsidy (a) such multi-candidate committee which of government. so tha.t it ls rendered needed by all non-profit second class mailers receives contributions earmarked by the impotent. as required by P.L. 93-328, popularly known contributor- for any individual cancttdate or The majority of news media commenta­ as S 411, thereby stimulating further in­ an authorized committee- thereof shall re­ tors are dally giving the American people the creases in postal rates; therefore, let it be port such contribution to that candidate's impression that there isn't any act of our Resolved: That this Convention express principal campaign committee and the Com­ government that warrants secrecy or coverup. its concern for the freedom of religious ex­ mission, and It is almost like telling our enemies . . • pression and the freedom of the press as set (b) any such multi-candidate committee and we have them th& world over by the forth in the United States Constitution and which is authorized to make expenditures in millions ... that it is; the mission Of tlle now threatened by the economic pressure ot behalf of a candi.date should report any such media. to reveal all of our secrets in the postal charges-, and be it further expenditures to that candidate's- principal interest of freedom of tbe press. Resolved: That this Convention express its campaign committee and the Commission. It is as though th& llbe.ral media. establish­ support of measures sought by the Associated If no principal campa.lgn committee has ment, like sheep running over a clltr, are Church Press, the Catholic Press AssocJatlon, been designated. eontd.bution.s and expendi­ hell-bent on a suicide mission to destroy this the Evangelical Presa Association, and the tures ta be reported under this paragraph cmmtcy's government and s.ubstitute it sup­ American Jewish Press Association to provide should be reported to the Commission in a. posedly with one of their own making. relief from such charges as endanger the tra­ form which clearly identifies the candidate The CIA, as all ether branchea of our ditional and historlcal rore played by the to whom they relate. federal government's bures.ucracy, 1s long religious press and other non-profit pubIIca· (3) Multi-candidate committees wh!ch overdue for an overhaul. The Congress and tlons 1n Informing the public, and be it fur· have not heretofore filed with any super· the Executve branches need to do soma ther vfsory officer should additionally file a regtS'· 'pants-kicking" ta bring these- wlld-runnfng June 2.5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20899 agencies back into line. Some, it is true, need EDWARD KUZNETSOV'S "PRISON and one senses how many emotions still cen­ to be abolished. The CIA, however, is not DIARIES" ter on the country and people left behind. one of them. All of the interviewees have chosen self­ It is pure damned foolishness for the exile, even though their professional skills American people to expect to be told every­ and talents would have enabled them to live thing that is going on in government. There HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX comfortable, albeit conformist lives in the are some things, such as spying, intelligence OF PENNSYLVANIA U.S.S.R. They are an exceptionally intelli­ gent and perceptive group. Otherwise, they gathering processes, and the like, which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ought to be of no concern to the American have little in common. Painter, poet, doctor, people. Wednesday, June 25, 1975 scientist--most of the professions are repre­ sented and many hues of the political and It is for the safety and protection of the Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, a few days ago individual American that these missions are philosophical spectrum. Some are Orthodox I joined with other Members of the and others are atheists. There are Jews who carried out. House in commemorating the fifth anni­ As to assassinations of political leaders and tellingly depict the anti-Semitism that per­ other excesses of power which the CIA has versary of the trial in Leningrad of a vades every level of Soviet society. Some, but been accused of, such charges ought to be group of Jews who tried to escape from not all, have served time in prison. Even thoroughly investigated. Such excesses, where the Soviet Union. their dissent took a variety of forms: Alla Tsvetopolsltaya, for example, decided gratui­ they exist, must not be tolerated. Howev~r, I mentioned at that time that the if such excesses of power did occur or did tously to correspond with lonely prisoners "Prison Diaries" of Edward Kuznetsov, she'd never met, thereby exposing herself to not occur, it isn't the mission of the news leader of the group, had been smuggled media to commercially capitalize on the official suspicion; Lev Navrozov (see Page 3 out and published in the West. for a review of his memoirs, "The Education charges. Headlines and news b~llet.ins may sell papers, television and radio time but For the benefit of those who would of Lev Navrozov"), by contrast, wrote books they do absolutely nothing to solve problems. like to know more about this remarkable "for the drawer" and avoided political activ­ They merely create more problems. ity, knowing that his life's work "would have book and about the man who wrote it, I been confiscated in the very first house The findings of the Rockefeller investiga­ offer for the RECORD a book review that search." tion of the CIA ought to be revealed only appeared .in the New York Times of There are ironies in their comments: 19- when the President and the appropriate com­ May 25, 1975: year-old Yelena Glazov praises the "absence mittees of the Congress decide and only for PRISON DIARIES of class" in the United States. The ex-pris­ the purpose of taking remedial action. to oner Radygin describes prison as "my univer­ correct apparent weaknesses in the organiza­ (By Edward Kuznetsov. Translated by sity," the place where he became a true dis­ tional structure of the agency. The findings Howard Spier. 254 pp. New York: Stein sident. Alla recounts sending a copy of Solz­ should not be the basis for destroying or and Day. $8.95) henitsyn's "One Day in the Life of Ivan Deni­ neutralizing that all-important spy agency. PROFILES IN RUSSIAN RESISTANCE sovich," the only piece of prison literature In this uncertain world with so many na­ (By Irina Kirk. 297 pp. New York: Quad­ officially published in the U.S.S.R., to a post­ tions vying for world power, and especially Stalin prisoner: "You should have seen in with the proliferation of atomic secrets to rangle/ The New York Times Book Co. $10.95) what condition the book was returned to me. any Tom, Dick and Harry nation, we've ~ot I found out that every inmate had read it ; to continue spying operations on all foreign (A Review by Jeri Laber) that they stood in line to get the book." governments. There is no reason to believe that Edward These people do not have the awesomely When we must coexist with communism Kuznetsov, the 36-year-old author of "Prison heroic proportions of Solzhenitsyn, Sakharov and fascism the world-over the U.S. cannot Diaries," has ever met any of the 17 former or Bukhovsky, men who have dedicated their afford to sit back and fantasize that all other Soviet citizens interviewed in Irina Kirk's lives to a continuing confrontation with the nations believe in the U.S.-style of freedoms "Profiles in Russian Resistance." Yet the system. Faced with inhuman pressure to and utopian live-and-let-live philosophies. books are intricately entwined. Kuznetsov sacrifice their integrity in order to survive, The American people cannot afford to be and the others share a total disaffection from they have chosen-and have been fortunate lulled into a false sense of security by liberal the Soviet system, an inability to conform enough-to leave. This decision is both newsmen who tout the kind of trash which and an overwhelming despair which, ulti­ courageous and understandable; no indi­ Russia, China, Cuba, and dozens of other mately, led each of them to seek personal vidual should have to make the extreme nations want to hear. freedom in the West. choices posed by that repressive state. "I You don't hear or read where Pravda or Iz­ Moreover, the failure of Kuznetsov's des­ want my children to be born in America," vestia are exposing the NKVD in Russia. And perate scheme to flee the Soviet Union in a says Alla Tsvetopolskaya, "to have children yet we all know that that organization and hijacked plane may well have contributed to who will have a million conflicts with their many others are busily engaged in spying the success of the others in obtaining official parents, with their Government, with them~ on the U.S. Why isn't it only right that we permission to emigrate. At their 1970 trial selves, but will never be faced with the spy on them? the Leningrad hijackers, Kuznetsov and dilemma of whether to betray a friend or Mark Dimshitz, the would-be-pilot, were sen­ Why is it so all-fired wrong to protect our perish." tenced to death. The severity of the ·sen­ Kuznetsov still remains in prison. Only his national interests? Why must we openly in­ tences was met with such disbelief and out­ vite potential aggressors to gorge themselves diaries have reached the West. Read them! rage throughout the world that the Soviet They go far beyond the story of his trial, on our secrets? Why is it so important for leaders not only reduced the penalties but the news media to constantly degrade the the commutation of his death sentence and also subsequently eased their emigration pol­ his first year in prison. They will introduce federal government? Is it a conspiracy of icies. This token relaxation, an aftermath sorts? you to the inner world of a very private, of Kuznetsov's trial, made it possible for the very thoughtful, very extraordinary man­ True, specific policies, practices and ac­ dissidents interviewed in Irina Kirk's book to who also happens to be a fine writer. tions of government, at all levels, must be leave the Soviet Union. "I write only to stay human," he says, publicly scrutinized and if disagreed with, There is another, more subtle connection and his writings show his spirit, openness, ought to be criticized. There is a point how­ between these books. Kuznetsov's diaries are sensitivity and humor, his lack of self-pity ever, where responsible journalism is aban­ the latest stunning addition to the most sig­ or affectation and, above all, his honesty doned and the sensationalism of commercial nificant genre of contemporary Soviet let­ about everything, especially himself. copy enters. ters: the prison stories and memoirs from It is painful to acknowledge, as we must, More specifically, the news media ought to the camps. These prison works are denied over and over again, that Edward Kuznetsov be spending as much time in reporting the publication in the U.S.S.R. and circulate only is not an isolated case. Leonard Schapiro re­ many pluses and the many successes of the in samizdat. We in the West can hardly minds us in his introduction that Kuznetsov CIA since the end of WWII. And there have begin to understand the profound effect that is only one of "many brave men and women been many. But then this kind of informa­ the accounts have had on underground like him who have suffered and continue to tion does not create excitement. And many a readers in the Soviet Union, where almost suffer under repressive regimes in many parts big city news reporter is more interested in every household has experienced the terror of the world for their courage in protesting." winning a Pulitzer prize than in honestly of arbitrary state intervention. The dissi­ Nor did Kuznetsov choose the heroic pos~ and fairly informing the public. dents interviewed by Kirk confirm that ture that circumstance forced upon him. What is urgently needed is a toning down stories like those in Kuznetsov's diaries fired Like the people interviewed in Irina Kirk's of this CIA flap with the introduction of the first sparks of resistance. book, he dreamt of making a new life for more responsible reporting and less "let's­ Despite a rather rigid question.and-answer himself, free from Soviet constraints. make-a-buck" deals. Let the President and format, "Profiles in Russian Resistance" is a Soviet authorities, in an almost unprece­ Congress straighten out the problem. They fascinating book. Its strength is in the sensi­ dented gesture, pardoned Kuznetsov's wife are the ones who repTesent the American tive choice of individual subjects, and in the after she bad completed less than half her people. The New York Times, CBS or the quietly skillful way Irina Kirk persuades sentence. One can only hope that they will Washington Post represent only their stock­ them to tell their stories. Each was inter­ now set Kuznetsov free to join her in Israel, holders.-F.A.S. viewed shortly after arriving in the West where she waits. 20900 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 GUNS DO KIIL I chased him back up the steps and started or June 10, he found a man breaking into to strangle him. his car. Jones was powerful, and the guy "What's all this commotion?" asked Aunt trying to break into the car took the only HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY Clara. way out: He blew Jones' chest open with OF THE DISTRICT OF COLU.MBIA I told her I was going to show Uncle Hal a .38. that it was people who killed people, and not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At the funeral, two of Bernard Jones' guns. friends, Wllliam Saunders and Hewitt Wedn.e$day, June 25, 1975 "You'll never do it that way," Aunt Clara Brantley, stood across the street and waited said. "He's too strong for you." until it was time to go inside for the serv­ Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, the Sure enough, Uncle Hal broke my strangle­ ices. The two men were dressed in fine blue drastic increase in handgun deaths and hold and threw me against the wall. suits, the waists pinched, arms folded across accidents in the past few years compels I had an inspiJ:ation. I would poison him. chests, the sleeve material straining its way ns to look seriously at legislation which I would offer him a glass of creme soda con­ across great biceps. will place strict and meaningful controls taining a large dose of rat poison. "Bernard taught at Paul Junior High, on their use. It is time, and it has long "Where's the rat poison?" I asked Aunt taught black studies," Saunders said. "Out been time, to prevent senseless deaths Clara. of the crew we went to school with, we and accidents due to careless handling "Heavens," said Aunt Clara. "People don't didn't figure he'd ever go to college and be just keep rat poison around the house, boy. a teacher." of guns. 'Ihere are at least 25,000 gun Rat poison isn't like guns.'' Brantley said, "They looked a.t us, they deaths and 200,000 accidents each year, Uncle Hal was gloating, just as he does never figured them two to be policemen. and those numbers will be even larger when he wins at pinochle. I reached for the That's for sure." this year. fireplace poker, but Aunt Clara pointed out "Beautiful fellow, Bernard, always jok­ I recommend the following statements that he was probably strong enough to take ing," Brantley said. "He loved what he was to my colleagues to read on the issue. it away from me and give me a paddling with doin'. The few you save keep you goin'." They are not documentary evidence-the it before I could brain him. "Do they know who did it?" they were figures have already been presented I was furious now, but I didn't know what asked. · to do. ''Lookin' for soinebody," Saunde,rs said. numerous times in various ways. How­ "You could always shoot him," Aunt Clara "They know who he is." ever, they do point out the fallacy of said. Later in the day, police would arrest some of the arguments opponents to gun She was right. It was the only sure way, Daniel Turnage, a mechanic. control use. The first is a parody by the so I got off three fast shots. "What kind of gun was used," Saunders noted columnist Russell Baker, and the "Not bad," Aunt Clara said. "Three harn1- was asked. second, by the famous writer Jimmy less fiesh wounds of the kind John Wayne "Thirty-eight.'' Breslin, is a documentary on the trage­ used to get in the old war movies. With a "No Saturday Night Special," Brantley dies that continue as long as no gun little adhesive tape, he'll be back at the said. pinochle table in no time.'' "Lots of guns around here?" they were control laws exist. Having proved my point, I felt great. "I told asked. The articles follow: you guns didn't kill people, Uncle Hal,'' I "What town you say you live in?" Saun­ ;:. GUNS THAT DON'T KILL gloated. ders said. (By Russell Baker) "Not even people who win at pinochle?" he "A place where they get a lot of guns." aslrnd. "Then you live in a place like Washing­ I bought a gun. It seemed a very Ameri­ His sarcasm made me so mad I accidentally can thing to do, and, besides, it was my ton.'' shot myself in the elbow and still can't throw "Do you think you could do anything .constitutional right. a mayonnaise jar halfway across the room. I brought it home and put it in the kitchen about guns?" Saunde·rs was asked. drawer. I wanted it to be handy in case "Sure." ravenous dogs broke in just at dinnertime .ALL BECAUSE OF A GUN "How?" and went for the hamburger. (By Jimmy Breslin) "We'd take 'em off the street. But you got Uncle Hal was nervous. We played pinochle It is as if once a problem has been de­ to stop manufacturing them. What good is in the kitchen most evenings, and I am a fined, we confer upon it permanency. Never sayin' you want gun control if you don't very bad loser. Sometimes I upset the kitchen is it to be altered or dissolved; enough stop manufacturing them? Shippin' them table. Sometimes I smash jars of mayonnaise that it has become discovered and debated. around, inailin' them." against the sink. In 1940, in the town of Terni, in Italy, Brantley said, "You just make one big Uncle Hal said he wouldn't play pinochle 70 miles northeast of Rome, there was man­ wheel if you don't stop manufacturing them. anymore with a bad loser who kept a gun ufactured a rifie called the Mannlicher-Car­ You take 'em out, they keep puttin' 'em in the kitchen drawer. He said it was too cano, model 91. The Mannlicher-Ca.rcano, back in.'' dangerous. He said the gun could kill him. with its small bore and underpowered cart­ "Why do people have guns?" "Pooh," I said. "Guns don't kill people. ridges, made a peculiar sound for a rifie, "Kill somebody with.'' People do." a firecracker sound. One Mannlicher-Car­ Across the street, the light brown coffin Uncle Hal still didn't like it. He said I cano made that year lasted through the war was going up the stairs into the church. The could count him out on the pinochle that and the years that followed and in 1963 this two men walked across the street and got night. particular rifie was in America, in the mail onto the line of mourners, a large, magnifi­ I didn't like that one bit. I look forward to Texas, going to Lee Harvey Oswald. And cent group, walking slowly in the sun, two to my pinochle at night, and I don't like now the popping sound was heard in the by two, the old faces pushed in by life, the being deprived of it by some.body who gets noon sun in Dallas, and a president's head eyes so full of the knowing of the occasion, sore because I choose to exercise my consti­ came apart. the younger men with strong chins coming tutional rights. It was at this time that the problem of out-Bernard Jones played high school and I asked him if he was a Red or something. controlling guns was raised for the first college football and most of his friends a1·e He asked me if I was some kind of gun time and defined on a national level. Once large. Many of the women wore straw hats nut. recognized, once explored; always. and held handkerchiefs in their hands. In­ I said he'd better shut up and get the · From 1963 on, more Americans were killed side the church a choir of women began pinochle deck before I got mad and reported by violence, primarily gunfire, in this coun­ singing, bosoms heaving under black dre35es, him to the National Rifie Association, which try than were killed in the war in Vietnam. great Southern tones tearing at the crowd, would crush. him under tons of outraged In Washington, the arguments rose, sub­ bringing forth from them the first moans mail. sided, rose again, subsided again. Bullets of the long day. Suffering is the art of the Uncle Hal said anybody who had to have pierce flesh, but are harmless to words. poor. a gun in the kitchen must have a lot of A member of the Paul Junior High School doubts about his manhood. Hearings always hear. Last Wednesday, Gerald Ford, President faculty spoke. Then Jimmie Dougan, a It made me so mad I wanted to shoot friend of Bernard Jones, walked down the him, but that would have proved he was of the government of the United States, announced in a national message on crime aisle, faced the crowded church, and sang right, and I hate to lose an argument. So "Keep Your Head to the Sky.'' It was Ber­ I threw a jar of mayonnaise at him instead. that, "I am unalterably opposed to federal registration of guns or the li<:enslng of gun nard Jones' favorite song and Jimmie rt missed. Dougan sang in high notes, in unwavering "That cuts it," said Uncle Hal. "I'm going owners. I wlll oppose any effort to impose such requirements as a matter of federal notes: down to the cellar and watch television." Keep my head to the sky "Pinochle!" I shouted. policy." "Television," he insisted. Three days later, of a brilliant morning For the clouds to tell me why I said we would see about that and raced to in Washington, they brought the body o:t The Rev. N. G. Barr told them, "Nobody can the cellar and threw a jar of dill pickles Bernard Lee Jones into the New Southern correct God. We can't put it in a book to tell through the television screen. Rock Baptist Church on Buchanan Street, God when we want Him to come for one of Uncle Hal laughed. "That was an idiotic Northwest Washington, in the country o:t us. But we can correct ourselves. Here in the thing to do," he said. "Now you won't be able the United States. Jones was a 30-year­ Nation's Capital where laws are made we to watch 'Kojak' any more." old junior high school teacher. On the night have 435 congressmen, 100 senators, a vice June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20901. president, a President, yet all of us here, the cooled breeder reactor technology has HOME CANNING SUPPLY people who have to live here, we can't walk one key advantage in that it does not SHORTAGE the streets safely. We have lost so much require the large amounts of cooling beauty today. Must we always lose our water. beauty because of these streets? Must be somethin' better, must be somethin' better, I shall press on the Senate side for HON. JAMES ABDNOR must be somethin' better." this increase, thereby, if successful, mak­ OF SOUTH DAKOTA The choir sang "When We All Get to ing this increase an eligible subject mat­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Heaven" and people filed by the casket for ter for the conference committee. I wish their last look at Bernard Jones' full, strong to commend Chairman Evrns for his out­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 face. outside in the sun, the two detectives, standing leadership in producing a pub­ Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, the House Saunders and Brantley, stood with tears lic works appropriation bill which I Small Business Subcommittee on Com­ sliding down under their sunglasses. think is a milestone toward real capital modities and Services has been holding "Put down how good he was," Saunders said. "Man like this, all because of a gun." investment in the future of this Nation. hearings on the problems confronting Memory, for the moment, brought forth a It is a privilege to be a member of his those who can their own food from their young man named Roy Gutmann, who once subcommittee. gardens and are having difficulty in ob­ was a brilliant student at the University o! taining the supplies needed for the can­ Chicago. At 9 o'clock one night Gutmann ning season. was walking on 56th Street, in the univer­ This is a very real problem to many sity area, when he was shot to death by 16- GENERAL REVENUE SHARING of my constituents who depend on mak­ year-old boys. The shooting upset ten·ibly COSPONSORS the president of the University of Chicago, ing ends meet with a substantial supply Edward Levi. Levi now is the attorney gen­ of canned goods which they obtain from eral of the government of the United States. HON. JOHN W. WYDLER their homegrown products. I have submitted to the subcommittee He was on television the other day defend­ OF NEW YORK ing President Ford's program on gun con• my views on this problem and because of trol. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the interest in this subject, request per­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 mission to have included in the RECORD my statement which follows: DEBATE ON H.R. 8122 Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, it is with great pleasure that I rise to reintroduce STATEMENT BY HON. JAM'ES ABDNOR the bill to extend and revise the State Mr. Chairman, I would like to take this op~ HON. CLAIR W. BURGENER and Local Assistance Act of 1972, more portunity to outline my views which are re­ OF CALIFORNIA commonly known as general revenue flective of constituent concern in my State IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sharing. of South Dakota over this very pressing is­ In conjunction with my distinguished sue of a home canning supply shortage. This Wednesday, June 25, 1975 colleague from New York, Mr. HORTON, shortage is one which is very real to my con­ Mr. BURGENER, Mr. Speake>:', dur­ stituents. There are many people in South and the chairman of the Subcommittee Dakota who have canned for a good many ing the debate on H.R. 8122, I had con­ on Intergovernmental Relations and Hu­ years. These are the people I am worried sidered offering an amendment to make man Resources, Mr. FOUNTAIN, we origi­ about for they have long been a part of and what I choose to call a modest increase nally introduced this bill on April 30, contributed greatly to achieving full pro­ in the funding for the gas-cooled fast 1975, by request of the administration. duction for America from our nation's bread­ breeder reactor technology. The amount Today, it is being reintroduced with basket. Likewise, through their own utili­ of increase that I feel is necessary at 53 cosponsors from both sides of the zation of their home grown products they this time is $9 million. After discussions aisle. Because of this great response to have helped achieve optimum use of our food supply and have long taken pride in their with the chairman and with members the proposal for reenactment of revenue canning accomplishments which have made and staff of the Public Works Subcom­ sharing, we are leaving the bill open for possible such wise use of our agricultural mittee on Appropriations, I concluded future cosponsors. and garden production. that the best place to attempt to achieve For the benefit of the full House, the They have written me explaining their this increase would be in the Senate ver­ major provisions of the bill are as fol­ frustrations of not being able to secure can• sion of the public works appropriation lows: ning seals. They have canned for years and bill. I was not seeking an increase in dol­ Continuation of the present formula have an ample supply of jars, but are quite aware of the lack of replacement units on lars for the total public works appro­ for determining local portions of reve­ the shelf. As the result of these letters, I priation. Since the authorizing commit­ nue-sharing money; have written to the Departments of Agri­ tee as well as the Appropriations Com­ An increase of $150 million each year culture and Commerce, plus the major dis­ mittee made some reductions in the liq­ in the level of funding resulting in a total tributors of glass canning products-Kerr uid metal fast breeder reactor program of $39.5 billion over the five and three­ and Ball. at Clinch River in Tennessee for tech­ quarter year extension period of the bill; The responses I have received have said nical reasons, and since these reductions Strengthened public participation in that there has been a shortage in the past, resulted in a saving of some $71 million, but the manufacturers are working overtime determining the use of revenue-sharing to produce replacement lids. They have also it was felt by many that some modest funds; told me to tell my constituents to be patient additions could be made to our other Increased flexibility in reporting re­ and don't hoard the product when it nuclear programs. These additions would quirements of local communities to take reaches the shelves. It is hard not to be improve our technology and would into account local needs; and deeply concerned when you see all of your hasten the day when nuclear power could Increased civil rights enforcement hard work ripening before your eyes and fill a much larger portion of our energy through broadening the discretion of the not have a place to put your produce. When gap and bring us closer to total energy Secretary of the Treasury to invoke cer­ you have enough vegetables to can 50 jars but only have 25 lids, that is when you know independence in this Nation-a goal the tain remedies where discrimination is that the shortage is real. And this is the entire Congress and the public wishes shown. prospect confronting my people now as they to achieve. There are few proposals which I have view the coming canning season. The reason I feel so strongly that ad­ had the privilege of working with since I can easily understand the feelings ditional funding for the gas-cooled fast I came to the House of Representatives of the people in South Dakota. Ours is a breeder reactor is necessary, is that I in the 88th Congress that are more vital State of extremes, one in which you must be feel it is an excellent competitor to, and to the maintenance of the federal sys­ prepared for almost anything at any time. highly complementary to, the light­ tem than general revenue sharing. It Therefore they like to be prepared for the water breeder technology. In my judg­ possibility of everything from the severity represents the realization that the most of a winter blizzard to the splendid bounty ment we need to advance both of these vital component of the federal system of a lush garden crop during the canning technologies, because both have a very is at the local level. It is important, I season. vital role to play in energy independ­ believe, that this proposal receive prompt It is imperative that every effort is made to ence. I think the public interest is well and favorable consideration. get the supplies to the people who rely on served when we have a competitive tech­ I strongly urge my colleagues to join their canning as foodstocks, and I commend nology. Both technologies have many with us in cosponsoring this vitally im­ your Committee for examining this serious advantages, but I point out that the gas- portant legislation. problem. 20902 EXTENS19NS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER FROM students are working toward. Jamaican school the Vocational Education Act Amend­ BESSEMER 'l'EACHES NEW FARM certificates, a requirement among most em­ ments of 1975, of which I ani a cospon­ METHODS IN JAMAICA ployers. He believes that his community partici- · sor, I hope we can continue to improve pation both helps the townspeople and tells and expand vocational education in our them something about Americans. Says country. By strengthening the hands of HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE Sabol, "Your involvement in the community people like those of VICA, we strengthen OF MICHIGAN is important as you are supposedly setting oul' country as well. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an example of what. Americans are like. I know for a fact that when some of the people Wednesday, June 25, 1975 hear about America, they right away think Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, while the about you, the volunteer, since you are a FEEDING THE HUNGRY Peace Corps does not receive the public part of their lives by living and working attention it once attracted, the fact is with them." Sabol lives alone in two rooms of a house HON. J. that thousands of dedicated Peace Corps on the town square. Meals such as rice and EDWARD ROUSH volunteers are continuing to serve in peas, salt fish and ackee (a local fruit), or OF INDIANA countries throughout the world. I am curried goat and chicken are prepared for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proud to note that a resident of my con­ him by a Jamaica~1 woman. He goes to bed Wednesday, June 25, 1975 gressional district is serving with dis­ early since there is no electricity in Mt. Horeb tinction in Mt. Horeb, Jamaica. He is and gets up equally early to begin a stren­ Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, for the past Robert M. Sabol, of Bessemer, Mich., and uous day. "Since many of the farmers are 4 weeks I have had as a summer intern in located way out in the bush," explains Sabol, my office, Mr. James C. Snellenberger, a son of Mrs. Betty Sabol. I believe that his "on a normal work day I may walk five to story is typical of the numerous men and nine miles." recent graduate of Ball State University women who go abroad each year to help Althougl1 Jamaica ls an English-speaking in Indiana. He has performed a number citizens of other nations, and I com­ country, many people speak their own dia­ of valuable services in my office while he mend this article to my colleagues : lect, the Jamaican patois. "This can be a has been here. In addition, he has re­ PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER F'ROM BESSEMER little hard to understand at times," Sabol searched the food stamp program and TEACHES NEW FARM METHODS IN JAMAICA comments, "but you learn to listen carefully come up with some facts and ideas. I to conversations and after awhile you really It is a. far cry from studying agriculture would like to enclose a copy of his study. don't have any problems, unless of course two The article follows: in snowy Michigan to teaching farmers in Jamaicans are in the process of an argu­ tropical Jamaica. but Peace Corps volunteer ment. Then you are entirely lost." FEEDING THE HUNGRY Robert M. Sabol has made thSJt transition. Sabol is one of about 195 Peace Corps vol­ (By James C. Snellenberger) Sabol, 24, of Bessemer, Mich. has spent the unteers serving in Jamaica. Around the The problem with hunger is a world-wide two years since his graduation from Mich­ world, more than 7,300 Peace Corps volun­ one. In the United States we have endeavored igan State Univer.sity in East Lansing teach­ teers and trainees are serving in 68 develop­ to at least partially meet this problem by the ing Jamaican farmers improved vegetable­ ing nations. Food Stamp Prog1,am which eilralbles low­ growing methods suited to their lush, humid income people to purchase food stamps which climate. in turn wlll buy more food than ·the original Based in Mt. Horeb, a small mountain investment. Our hope is to provide more nu­ town of 90 people about 14 miles from REDCOATS ARE MARCHING tritional food for those who might not b~ Montego Bay, Sabol works as an agriculture able to afford it. extension agent for the Ministry of Agri­ Basically to qualify for food stamps, a per­ culture. His work includes demonstralting HON. JOHN BUCHANAN son meets one of two criteria: either they new techniques of growing and caring for have an income below the maximum income vegetables, helping to introduce new OF ALABAMA levels for the Na.tion set by USDA or they varieties. and stressing the importance of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES must be on State welfare aid. better farming methods. Wednesday, June 25, 1975 !\funy individuals who receive food stamps "These goals are important to the com­ are in such a financial level that they actual­ muni1ty since agricul'ture is the main econ­ Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, the ly should not be eligible. Some of these loop­ omy and the local farmers must make many Redcoats are marching on the Capitol holes that allow this to occur, are present of the community's decisions," says Sabol. because of food stamp program definitions. In order to accomplish these goals, he today. Fortunately today's invasion is a much more positive and productive one Eligibility Standards are based on the con­ visits the farmers in his area to conduct cept of a household rather than a family demonstrations and work with them in their than the Capitol last experienced in size. fields. He also participates in monthly agri­ 1814. Some 2,000 members of the Voca­ For example, what is the definition of tho culture meetings, which he considers to tional Industrial Clubs of America are or a household ·unit? The "household con- be an opportunity for both instruction and meeting in Washington this week to cept" is defined as: · dialogue. Says Sabol, "Your presence means celebrate their 10th anniversary National (1) a group of individuals who are living a lot to them and proves that you are in­ as one economic unit sharing common cook­ terested and are there because you want to Leadership Conference. It was my pleasure to address VICA's ing facilities. help them out where you can." (2) an individual living alone who pur­ He believes that attending meetings and first general session and the Alabama chases and prepares food for home consump­ getting to know the farmers is essential to VICA Leadership Conference recently. I tion. gaining their confidence. "I have heard from must say that I came away from that (3) an individual who purchases and pre­ many people various tales about the com­ conference and from my brief meeting pares food for home consumption residing munity or of people who have lived in the this morning with VICA students from with a.ny other person or persons who is not community before that I know wouldn't the Birmingham area much encouraged a member of an economic unit. be told to an ordinary stranger," Sabol com­ (4) an elderly person (i.e., an individual, ments. "By just talking about different at what I observed. All of the Vocational Industrial Club age 60 or older) who lives alone or only With things, you know thait you have been ac­ spouse and who need not have cooking fa­ cepted by them." students are preparing for careers in cilities if he particlpat.es in a delivered meals The son of Mrs. Betty Sabol of 513 E. trade. industrial, and technical areas. program or a communal dining program. Long Year St., Bessemer, he gradl.lated from These areas, which are so important and ( 5) a narcotics addict or alcoholic who ls A. D. Johnston High School there in 1969. vital to our country, will be filled by a resident of a drug addiction or alcoholic At Michigan State he became a member of these students who have trained and treatment and rehabilitation program and the Alpha Gamma Rho national ag1·icutural who receives meals through such program. fraternity and obtained his degree in hor­ prepared themselves to fill their respec­ tive jobs in a distinctly professional Another definition of seemingly liberal ticulture science in 1973. function is that of the "economic unit" Besides working with the farmers, Sabol manner. (mentioned in 1 above): takes part in many community activities. He I would like to take this opportunity An "economic unit" is a group of individ­ is the founder and leader of a 4-H Club made to salute the VICA students on this, Vo­ uals ior whom food is customarily purchased up of 21 boys. Their recent rabbit raising cational Industrial Clubs of America and stored for common use by all members of project "caused a lot of excitement among Day. It is my hope that, as we observe the group and for whom common living costs the boys," he says. He also teaches basic and participate in the day's activities, (such as, but not limited to, shelter costs) agriculture and agriculture science to stu­ are customarily being met from the income dents in the seventh grade and above. With that we will keep in mind that these and/ or resources available to any individuals his help the youngE.ir students have developed students are the future backbone of our within the group. . a school garden to gain practical experJ.ence Nation's economy and industry. - Another loophole that should be consid­ in agriculture techniques. Many of l1ls older Through such legislation as H.R. 3036, ered· is that of the "itemized deduction". June 2.5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20903 Eligibility standards are applied to a h ouse­ That same Senate report included tables PARTIAL FEDERAL FUNDING OF hold net not gross income and certain in­ which dealt with "Failure-To-Feed Coun­ CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS come is not counted. The current adminis­ ties." trative policy allows a household to claim These tables give a. breakdown of the itemized deductions for certain expenses that states. Each state was then divided into their HON. MATTHEW F. McHUGH respective counties. For each county there limit the amount of income it has available OF NEW YORK for expenditure of food such as support and was given a percent of population in poverty, alimony payments, social security taxes, fed­ then there was given a percent of poor re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eral, state, or local income taxes, medical ceiving federal food assistance. In this table Wednesday, June 25, 1975 expense, certain shelter costs, etc. the percent of people (poor) not receiving One of the justified criticisms recently federal food assistance seems to show that Mr. McHUGH. Mr. Speaker, I have summarized in a special article for The these people are not being reached by the joined with Mr. MAGUIRE of New Jersey Washington Post, Feb. 1, 1975, notes the fol­ food stamp program. in introducing a bill to establish partial lowing: Therefore if there is t o be reform within Federal funding of congressional elec­ Despite major improvements instituted in the food stamp program· there will have to tions beginning in 1976. The Congression­ 1971, the current benefit schedule is hardly be: a model of fairness. Equity would suggest ( 1) more strict rules and regulations on al Campaign .Funding Act we have in­ that larger families, having greater needs for deductible items; troduced .extends to congressional races other items, should-whatever their income (2) full information for those people who many of the public financing features de­ level-pay a lower (or at least no larger) pro­ actually need the food stamp assistance and vised last year for Presidential races. portion of their income for food bonuses for whom it was initiated. This bill, I believe, may rightly be seen than smaller families with the same 'income. It is to be hoped that .thereby the food as a product of the unprecedented de­ Under current regulations the opposite is stamp program would indeed reach those in velopments within ow· political system true. Indeed, the nominal purchase require­ need but not be over-extended 01' misused. during the past several years. These ments for most families of four or more are already close or equal to the proposed 30 events have done much to draw public percent of income, while those for individ­ attention to the way we finance our uals rarely exceed 20 percent. In any case, TRIBUTE TO REV. JOSEPH B. F·RANZ elections in this country. the sharp variation in the purchase require­ The people of this Nation have come ment rates both across family sizes and with­ to understand that the present system in family size by income class are hard to HON. LESTER L. WOLFF is neither fair nor democratic. Unless a defend on any grounds. For example, why OF NEW YORK candidate is personally wealthy, he must should a family of 6 pay 27 percent of its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES look to private sources to finance the income for food stamps on a $100 monthly expensive costs of running for office. As income, 29 percent at $200 and only 26 per­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 cent at $630 of monthly income? statistics and commonsense both indi­ Far from assisting the very poorest of the Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I am most cate, these sources are not representative poor "itemized deductions" rebound pri­ pleased to bring to your attention the of the electorate as a whole. Under our marily to the advantage of the relatively silver jubilee of one of my constituents, present system, 90 percent of campaign well-off participants for the simple reason the Reverend Joseph B. Franz of Willis- donations come from less than 1 percent that only such families can afford to pur­ ron Park, Long Island. . of the population. This-1 percent repre­ chase very many of the deductible items. The 1975 Post article continues: On June 1, 1975, Fa.ther Fra,,nz cele­ sents :People who often have substantial Thus among participating families of four, brated the 25th anniversary of his ordi­ and particular interests in the decisions those with less than $100 of monthly income nation to the priesthood. The jubilee to be made and the choices formulated claim less than $15 in deductions per month celebration fittingly began with a mass by elected officials. on the average, while those With over $600 of at 5 p.m. in St. Aidan's Church, where The effect is a distortion of the polit­ monthly income claim deductions of over Father Franz is associate pastor. Joining ical process in which those with the $225. him in this celebration of the mass were wherewithal t-o help a candidate under­ At the same time that some individuals Msgr. Charles E. Birmingham, pastor of are using food stamps who probably should write his campaign develop an influence not be eligible there is at the ot her end of St. Aidan's, who also gave the homily, out of proportion to their numbers the spe~trum those individuals who either Rev. Daniel A. Picciano, associate pas­ among the electorate. Legislation enact- . do not know that they are eligible, or know tor of St. Aidan's, and a close friend ed last year went far toward redressing about the program, and do not know how to of Father Franz, Rev. William Kelly. this imbalance in Presidential elections. apply. Could this be from the lack of in­ Participating in the ceremony were Sister However, the lack of any provisions formation? Mary Patricia and Dr. Elizabeth Higgins, covering congressional races was a majo1· The Senate Select Committee on Nutrition sisters of Father Franz, each of whom shortcoming. To be comprehensive, re­ and Human Needs in a March, 1975 Report on Nutrition and Special Groups-Part I­ 1·ead one of the readings. Another sister, forms directed toward limiting the out­ Food Stamps explained that the Food Stamp Sister Rose Marie, and a niece, Mary Pa­ sized impact of private contributions in Act requires state agencies to take "effective tricia, presented the gifts at the offertory our political system must also cover races action" to inform low-income families of the of the mass. for Congress. availability and benefits of the food stamp St. Aidan's Chw·ch was filled with fam­ The legislation we propose-which has program and "insure participat ion of eligible ily, friends, and parishioners wishing to been introduced in the Senate by Sena­ households." extend their congratulations to Father tor MONDALE-establishes a matching This part of the law, known as the "out­ reach provision", is the means through which Franz. Members of the many paris}:l so­ system of partial public financing for the estimated 20 million Americans eligible cieties, the over 50 Club, Catholic House and Senate primary and general for stamps are expected to be brought into Prayer, Legion of Mary, as well as the elections. Small private contributions the program. Yet during the "fiscal year Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts were on hand would be matched on a one-for-one basis 1974" the state in Indiana spent only $21,- to wish him well. The Village of Williston after a candidate has demonstrated 645.08 for this "outreach provision". Park and the Knights of Columbus also broad public support by raising a modest This figure of a little over $21,000 doesn't honored Father Franz. qualifying amount from small contribu­ seem to be a. substantial amount for its use I mention this celebration of joy to you tors. Funding for the congressional over the entire state of Indiana. The explanation for this meager amount today because I feel that the Congress matching payments would be raised from of money spent on "outreach" in Indiana should be aware of the commendable the current one-dollar income tax check­ seems to be that the basic method of in­ work done by Father Franz during the off. The program would be administered forming the private citizen about the food years he has spent at St. Aidan's Parish, by the Federal Election Commission. stamp program is by individual contact. Very and indeed, his good works have spread Candidates for election to the House likely a. similar situation prevails in many throughout the community. Certainly it would be required to raise $10,000 in other states as well. is fitting that we honor this man who contributions of $100 or less to qualify This type of method for "outreach" is not justified by the March, 1973 (these are the has been so generous with his time, his for Federal matching payments. The most recent figures since they are based on talents, his very self for the past 25 years. qualifying amount and any additional Census information) publication of Hun­ I wish to offer him my congratulations contributions of $100 or less would then ger 1973 and Press Reaction-prepared by the and best wishes for many more years of be matched on a dollar-for-dollar basis staff of the select Committee on Nutrition continued selfless and dedicated service by the Treasury. The spending ceilings and Human Needs, United States ·sen at e. to his community. are the same as under existing law. As- 20904 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 19/5 suming an inflation factor of 10 percent, party a.nd independent candidates to freest system yet devised, under which a candidate could receive one half the compete without the disadvantage im­ man may seek, unimpeded, those inalien­ spending ceiling in 1976 of $77 ,000 in the posed by an arbitrary method of testing able rights of life, liberty, and the pur­ primary and in the general election. A their strength relative to other candi­ suit of happiness. candidate who receives all his contribu­ dates. Any candidate, regardless of his The forcible annexation of the Baltic tions in amounts of 100 or less would party, would be entitled to as much as republics of Estonia, Latvia.. and Lithu­ thus be eligible for $38,500 in the primary any other candidate who demonstrates ania int-0 the Soviet Union in 1940 was in and $38,500 in the general election. comparable support among small con­ direct violation of Baltic sovereignty. I Senate candidates must raise an tributors. take pride in the United States' consist­ amount equal to 2 cents for every voting PUblic financing of elections is an un­ ent refusal to recognize this annexation. age resident in the state, but not less tested method of removing the influence To the people of the Baltic nations, pres­ than $10,000, in contributions of $100 or of money in our politics. For this reason, ently struggling against Russian domi­ less. The maximum Treasury payments the matching system has the advantage nation of their homeland, I offer my for Senate candidates in 1976 would of being a more cautious and incremental fervent support. I stand behind. their ef­ range !Tom $55,000 in the primary and an approach than complete Federal funding forts to regain the status of independent equal amount in the general election through a system of fiat grants. Instead states. In fact, I was a cosponsor of leg­ in the smallest states to $637 ,824 in the of abrogating the role of private con­ islation which expresses the sense of the primary and an equal amount in the tributors entirely, the matching system Congress "that the U.S. delegation to the general election in the largest State. builds on a system of modest cont1ibu­ European Security Conference should Although the law covers both primary tions from a relatively large group of not agree to the recognition by the Euro­ and general elections, a candidate would supporters. This limited matching system pean Security Conference of the Soviet have to qualify only once for the match­ provides more latitude to change our Union's annexation of Estonia, Latvia. ing funds Therefore, a candidate who system of financing campaigns as our and Lithuania, and it should remain the raises the qualifying amount in the pri­ experience dictates. policy of the United States not to recog­ mary would be eligible for matching Finally, the matching system will cost nize tne annexation of the Baltic nations funds during the general election with­ less than the system proposed by the by the Soviet Union." out meeting any additional qualifying Kennedy-Cornell bill. The estimated cost I do hoJ?e that the symbolic value o! test. The legislation would permit match­ to the Treasury every 2 years would be this refusal to even tacitly condone the ing funds for contributions in cash, pro­ $74 million under the plan we have in­ Soviet Union's actions might further en­ vided the donations are properly re­ troduced. Under the earlier plan, that courage and inspire those valiant men corded, and it would permit matching cost would come to $134 million. and women. We will not be satisfied until funds only for contributions from resi­ However the specifics of the two plans these great nations can, once again, join dents of the State in which the election may differ, the intent is the same: to the independent nations of the free is being held. limit the role of large contributions in world. The bill in many respects is similar the political process. Our present system to an earlier bill introduced in the House has forged an unhealthy alliance between by Mr. COP.NELL and in the Senate by Government and big money. It has de­ Senators KENNEDY, Scolfl, and others. prived the people of a meaningful voice IN MEMORY OF SENATOR But in one major respect, the two bills in their own affairs. It is clear that those FRANCIS CASE outline a contrasting approach to an who contribute most heavily to Political identical problem. The Kennedy-Cornell campaigns do so because they expect to HON. LARRY PRESSLER bill would establish a matching system receive favored treatment. Indeed, the of Federal payments in primary cam­ average American-the one whose needs OF SOUTH DAKOTA paigns, similar to the one contained in are greatest and who, ironically, carries IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES our bill. However, in the general election the heaviest burden of taxation-is often Wednesday, June 25, 1975 the earlier bill establishes a system of neglected. It is because his representa­ tives are dependent upon a relative Mr. PRESSLER. :Mr. Speaker, I wish fiat grants covering 100 percent of the to speak in honor of the man who many costs of the campaigns of the two major handful of financially well-off backers call "the greatest South Dakotan ever party candidates. Lesser amounts would for their political campaigns. to serve in Congress" on the anniversary go to candidates of new and minor If confidence in our system of govern­ ment is to be restored and cemented, we of his death-Senator Francis case, who parties. served this body for seven t.erms from I believe the matching system for gen­ must remedy this imbalance. The integ­ 1937 until 1951; and in the U.S. Senate eral elections contained in our bill rep­ rity of the process is at stake. The public from 1951 until his death on June 22, resents a more flexible and equitable reaction to the events of the past several 1962. The late Senator Case is regarded mechanism for insuring that candidates years has given us the opportunity, but by many in the historical perspective as are federally funded roughly in propor­ the momentum of reform is often short­ our most distinguished representative-­ tion to their support among the voters. lived. We must not let it pass. mainly because of his integrity. A system of straight grants to the two It was my privilege to work f1S an aide major party candidates may be work­ to the Senate. It was he who gave me able enough in a Presidential election the inspiration to seek public office. He where the two-party system is strongest OBSERVANCE OF CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK was a man of impeccable integrity-who and where candidates of the major not only refused bribes, but exposed them parties are customarily supported by on the Senate floor. His work in the area large segments of the electorate. How­ HON. JAMES A. BURKE of public works led to the building of ever, in congressional races where inde­ OF MASSACHUSETTS many bridges in South Dakota and pendent candidates are often widely sup­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES throughout the Nation. ported and where there exists a large Water subjects were dear to his heart. number of one-party districts, the plan 'Wednesday, June 25, 1975 Francis Case grew up in the Midwest has less certainty of fairly reflecting pop­ Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. and worked many years as a newspaper ular support for each candidate. Speaker, I would like to join with the editor in western South Dakota where Under a matching system for both Baltic people in commemorating the drought was a common and persistent primary and general elections, party forcible annexation of the Baltic repub­ worry to agricultural pursuits. Many affiliation or performance in some past lics of Estonia, Latvia. and Lithuania. It water projects in my State came into election is not a factor in how much is fitting that every American reflects being because of Senator Case's diligent Federal money any single candidate re­ upon the denial of rights and continu­ efforts. Weather modification and saline ceives. A candidate would receive an ous religious and political persecution of water research were ideas that he saw amount of Federal support equal to the the Baltic people upon the 17th observ­ come to fruition during his lifetime. support he has demonstrated among the ance of Captive Nations Week. Many of those in Washington first be­ people. He would receive no more than he As both an American citizen and a came a.ware of this quiet, scholarly man has already raised from small contdbu­ Member of Congress, I believe that a rep­ from South Dakota when he initiated the tors. It also makes it possible, for third- resentative government is the fairest, War Renegotiation Act, which resulted June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20905 progress in breaking the SALT deadlock when the 1972 levels rather than to seek actual in the savings of many billions of dollars they met in Vienna in May. The standing reductions at that stage. But because the to the U.S. Treasury. South Dakotans are U.S.-Sovlet Consultative Commission on interim agreement made no reference to indebted to him for his years of selfless SALT, which was to have resumed its secret MIRV systems, tlte net effect of it was that devotion to the public duty which he discussions in Geneva on June 2, postponed the US and the Soviet Union were shifting worked for unceasingly. its session for at least a month, possibly from a quantitative to a qualitative arms· Case is a man remembered for his di­ pending Kissinger's and Gromyko's sched­ race. In other words the Russians, who had rectness, who said exactly what he uled new meeting in July. If they fail to not yet developed an operational MIRV sys­ thought no matter what the conse­ settle the current controversy, not only SALT tem when the 1972 treaty was being nego­ but detente will be in considerable trouble. tiated, were given time to catch up with quences. He is remembered by South The commission is the forum where both the United States in this field (we had Dakotans for his vision and concerns for aides bring up problems resulting from SALT MIRVed some time earlier) before a perma­ future generations. At a time when agreements and attempt to implement such nent accord would be negotiated to replace Americans are crying for congressional new decisions as those reached in principle the interim agreement. Five years was the reform and honesty in Government, I by the US and the Soviet Union at Vladivos­ period during which the Soviets were ex­ wish we had Senator Case around. We tok last fall. pected to be able to deploy MIRV systems. need a man like him in Congress today. Brezhnev has already postponed his By the same token Moscow was allowed more planned Washington visit in June or July missile launchers than the United States to to sometime in the late autumn because compensate for the American MIRV advan­ of the realization that a new SALT agree­ tage. Although the Soviet Union is ahead ment could not be signed in time. The Rus­ of the United States in the size and throw­ HAVE WE BEEN HAD? sians, in fact, have informed their Eastern weight (the launch thrust of a missile) of European allies that the SALT stalemate was existing ICBMs, Nixon and Kissinger had to the reason for delaying Brezhnev's trip. They accept the Soviet numerical superiority in HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK have also suggested that if no agreement on 1972 because Brezhnev made it clear that OF OHIO SALT II is feasible, there may be no Brezhnev otherwise he would not sign the pact. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES visit at all. tacit agreement was that the two super­ Meanwhile evidence becoming available powers would start thinking in terms of Wednesday, June 25, 1975 through intelligence and diplomatic channels reducing nuclear forces only after the Rus­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, last indicates that the Russians may have not sians had achieved a technological equival­ only outmaneuvered the US in the 1972 SALT ence in MIRV weapons. December I painted out a number of vio­ accord and the 1974 Vladivostok talks, but The current problems consist mainly of lations by the Soviet Union of the SALT that they are also violating the spirit of the Soviet violations of the 1972 agreements. As agreements and the ABM treaty. Since letter of the original treaty in at least five seen by American experts, they are in the that time a number of other observers key areas. following five areas: have joined in pointing out these viola­ Some of this information was given the 1. Light and Heavy Missiles. While the tions. subcommittee on arms conrol of the Senate Americans and the Russians agreed in Mos­ Not only is the Soviet Union engaging Armed Services Committee (which is headed cow on the numerical limits on land-based by Sen. Henry M. Jackson, Kissinger's prin­ ICBMs, the United States attempted to place in such violations, but there also appears cipal tormentor in the Senate) in secret restrictions on the size of Soviet missiles by to be a continuing attempt by Secretary testimony by Central Intelligence Agency insisting on a clause preventing the con­ of State Kissinger to mislead the Con­ Director William E. Colby last February 11, version of "light" missiles into "heavy" mis­ gress and the American people in the and by Defense Secretary James R. Schlesin­ siles. Moscow, however, flatly refused either seriousness of the situation. Tad Szulc in ger last March 6. Kissinger was scheduled to to discuss this point or even to define a a recent article points out how Secretary testify on May 15, but he requested, not "heavy" missile. Kissinger's response to this surprisingly, an indefinite postponement. refusal was to devise the method of "uni­ of State Kissinger misled the Congress in According to intelligence and Pentagon a briefing back in 1972. lateral statements" that were appended to sources, Colby and Schlesinger spoke at the treaty. Concern about Soviet violations, as I length of the highly disturbing Soviet be­ · In the case of missile weights, the Ameri­ said, is continuing to grow. The article havior in the SALT context, but they avoided can delegation said in its unilateral state­ by Tad Szulc that I have just mentioned direct charges of violations against Moscow. ment "D" that "Under these circum­ appeared in the June 7, 1975, issue of This would have been a political judgment stances ... the United States would consider New Republic. I think that it Would be that Colby and Schlesinger preferred to leave any ICBM having a volume significantly safe to say that the New Republic and to Kissinger. greater than that of the largest light ICBM The apparent Soviet violations range from now operational on either side to be a heavy I have disagreed on far more issues than what American experts regard as an unau­ we have agreed. Nonetheless, the New ICBM. The US proceeds on the premise that thorized conversion of "light" interconti­ the Soviet side will give due account to this Republic also seems to have awakened to nental missiles into heavy ones (thus threat­ consideration." the seriousness of the SALT violations by ening the strategic balance), to a signifi­ Of the 1409 land-based ICBM launcher.;; its inclusion of this article. cantly growing interference with US efforts allowed the Russians, 313 were in the heavy For the benefit of my colleagues I in­ to carry out verification procedures to as­ SS-9 class (some of these were under con­ clude in the RECORD the text of the article sure that our detente partner is abiding by struction and the United States tacitly recog­ "Soviet Violations of the SALT Deal: the SALT treaty. The US now finds itself nized that a certain number would be up­ deprived of much vital strategic intelligence, graded to what now is the super-heavy SS-18 Have We Been Had?", from the June 7, particularly concerning the new Soviet test­ 1975, issue of the New Republic: missile) and 1096 in the "light" class of the ing of MIRV missiles. The Soviets are in­ SS-11 missile. HAVE WE BEEN HAD? terfering, in disregard of treaty provisions, The American expectation was that none of (By Tad Szulc) with our satellite photography of their mis­ sile launch sites and, perhaps even more im­ these 1096 light missiles would be converted The differences between the United States portantly, they are preventing telemetric into heavy ones. In 1972 the light SS-11 mis­ and the Soviet Union over the implementa­ measurements by the US of MIRV test flights. sile had the volume of 69 cubic meters. The tion of the 1972 nuclear strategic arms' limi­ The basic SALT document is the 1972 secret record of the negotiations shows that tation agreements (SALT) are deepening and the Americans told the Russians that they new ones are emerging around the "tenta­ agreement. Actually it consists of two sep­ would consider as "significantly greate1"''­ tive" accord for a second step in SALT that arate treaties. One covers the "limitation of and, therefore, as a "heavy" weapon-any President Ford and Chairman Brezhnev anti-ballistic missile systems" (ABM) and it missile exceeding 70 cubic meters. Briefing reached in Vladivostok last November. This is confined to defensive strategic arms. This members of Congress at the White House on state of affairs, throwing a pall on the fu­ treaty limits the deployments of defensive June 15, 1972, Kissinger put it this way: "The ture of detente unless the basic SALT prob­ ABM systems by both sides and is of "un­ agreement specifically permits the modern­ lems are promptly resolved, has been gener­ limited duration." The second treaty ls a ization of weapons. There are, however, a ally concealed from the American public and five-year "interim agreement" (it expires in number of safeguards. First there ls the safe­ to a large extent from the Congress because 1977) on the limitation of offensive nuclear guard that no missile larger than the heaviest of its enormous political sensitivity. That so weapons systems. In effect it froze the num­ light missile that now exists can be sub­ many of these problems result from ambig­ ber of Soviet land-based intercontinental stituted. Secondly, there is the provision that uities that the US has accepted in the SALT ballistic missile launchers at 1419 and the the silo conflguration cannot be changed in a treaty and the accompanying protocols is also number of US ICBM launchers at 1054. The significant way and then the agreed inter­ a reflection on the quality of Secretary of Soviets were allowed 950 submarine-based pretive statement or the interpretive state­ State Kissinger's diplomacy. Besides Kissin• missile launchers and the US 656 of them, ment which we made, which the other side ger, wittingly or not, may have misled the with the option of going up to 710 if it chose stated reflected its views also, that this meant Congress in explaining the 1972 pact. to reduce the land-based launchers to 1000. that it could not be increased by more than As far as is known Kissinger and Soviet The general concept of the interim agree­ 10 to 15 percent. We believe that these two Foreign Minister Gromyko made virtually no ment was to freeze strategic forces at roughly statements, taken in conjunction, give l1R an 20906 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 197'5 adequa.te safeguard against a substantial sub­ are placed for only 18 or 72 hours to let margin of uncertainty is gravely increased. stitution of heaVJr missiles, for light missiles. concrete harden on the new silos. The ad­ And this is precisely what the Russians have So, we think we have adequate safeguards ministration, incidentally.. never reported attempted to do. Late last year they began with respect to that issue••• As fa.r as the publicly these Soviet violations nor the to jam United States telemetry receivers and break between the llgbt and the he.a.vy mis­ American protests. in Geneva. to encode and encapsulate the electronic siles is concerned, we believe that we ha.ve 3. Telemetry. Soviet interference with data signals. assurances through the two safeguards." United States measureme-nts by telemetry Most importantly, they switched from the What Kissinger was saying, however, was of Russian MIRV testing may be the most analogue to the digital system of transmit­ misleading. In the first place the United serious SALT violations, particularly in the ting signals. Under the analogue system the States never received Soviet assurances that light of last November's tentative agreement signals are transmitted in the clear and can the American unilateral interpretation was between Brezhnev and Ford in Vladivostok be read by American intelligence through acce!}table. Kissinger simply omitted this that for the first time added MIRVed ve­ verification procedures. But in the digital vital fact in briefing the congressmen. He hicles to the limitation of strategic arms. system the signal data is transformed into brushed aside the fact that Moscow had shied Under the tentative agreement each side numbers- that are "reconstructed by com­ away from defining heavy missiles and would be entitled to 2400 nuclear delivery puters on the ground into meaningful in­ claimed that the United States had "ade­ vehicles of which 1320 would be MIRVed. formation. This form of encoding signals quate safeguards" though none really existed. The American interpretation was that if a cannot be broken by American experts be­ Subsequent events proved him wrong. Ac­ missile has been tested with multiple war­ cause it is based on arbitrary numbers that cording to United States intelligence the So­ heads, every missile of that type that is can be changed da.ily ~In other cases the data viets have all along been converting the SS-11 deployed 1s to be- counted against the ceil­ are encapsulated in flight recorders-it is missile into the SS-19, which has a volume ing of MIRV warheads. not even transmitted in flight-and it is re­ of close to 100 cubic meters. The quantum But this was imother instance where Kis­ trieved after a missile comes down. It is jump from the 69 cubic meters of the SS-11 singer's diplomacy may have been caught in unclear whether the U.S., too, ls, in response to the 100 cubic meters of the SS-19 is in­ Soviet ambiguities. It was Kissinger who­ to the Russians, now encoding its telemetry. deed "significantly greater." pushed for the Vladivostok agreement in a. It did before the 1972 SALT agreement Kissinger was likewise wrong is assuming top-secret "eyes only" memorandum be sub­ banned interference with verification, but that the agreement in "agreed interpreta­ mitted to Ford a few weeks after the new apparently discontinued the practice there­ tions" on limiting the increase of silo con­ President was swom in last. August. His after. figurations for launchers to 10 or 15 percent point was that following Nixon's failure to 4. Command and Control. The United would prevent the installation of the new negotiate a ne-w SALT' agreement in the States suspects that the Soviets may be vio­ heavy missiles in the old holes. summer of 1974~ Ford had to move quickly lating Article I of the 1972 interim agree­ In this area Kissinger was defeated by new to reinforce the tottering detente. After the Soviet technology. Thus the Russians have ment, which provides that "the Parties under­ document was signed in Vladivostok, Kis­ take not to start construction of additional developed the so-called "cold-launch" tech­ singer told newsmen that if SALT II is nique in which compressed air is used to fixed land-based ICBM launchers after July 1, signed in 1975 "it will mean that a. cap has 1972." This view is based on the fact that in "pop up" (elevate} the missile in the silo been put on the arms race for a period of the spring of 1973 the United States- discov­ before its engines are ignited. In this :fash­ 10 years." ered through overhead reconnaissance that ion a SS-19 can be fitted into a slightly en­ Soon, however, it developed that the Rus­ larged SS-11 silo. new silos were being build, apparently for sians had a dift"erent interpretation concern­ the SS-18. Although Nixon failed raise it The United States has privately protested ing the MIRV count and, above all, the to against the SS-19 conversion. At this junc­ with Brezhnev at the 1973 summit in Wash­ verification procedures Kissinger had in ington, Kissinger made subsequent inquiries ture, however, the Russians are deploying mind. In December he declared. that "the­ hundreds of SS-19s and testing them with in MOscow through his "ba.clt channel... one principle on which we're going to be Th& Soviet reply was that the new installa­ MIRV warheads. Quite aside from strategic adamant and will not yield, whicJ:I is non­ 1n1pllcations of this development, this epi­ negotiable,_ is that any missile- that has been tions were- not missile silos, but "command sode serves to demonstrate how useless was tested with a. MIRV mode successfully, I and control" capsules-. The intelligence com­ Kissinger's recourse to unilateral statements if they've run or six tests, will be munity has reported, however, tha.t these mean five capsules have the characteristics as in SALT diplomacy. counted as a. MIRVed. missile when it 1s same 2. Covered Facilities. Article V of the in­ deployed • . . If they reject the verification missile-launcher silos. The doo1·s of these terim agreement provides that "for the pur­ structures, for example, are identical with formula, unless. there 1s enormous- ingenuity doors on launcher silos. pose of providing assurance of compliance in which we come up with another one, I • • . each Party shall use national technical really wouldn't klww where to begin • • • I They can be blown oft' instantly, as i! to means of verification at this disposal," that think that if they reject verification: it will surface a missile, something- that a com­ "each Party undertakes not to interfere with be very ha.rd to conceive how there can be a mand-and-control post does not require. In­ the national technical means of verification deal." telligence has counted on such installation of the other party," and that "each Party :But last February the RusSians informed With each of the 150 launcher groups. In undertakes not to use deliberate concealment the Americans that they rejected the notion theory this may add 150 launchers to the measures which impede verification by na­ Soviet ICBM totals if the suspicion held that a. whole class o.f missiles should be here is correct. tional technical means of compliance. . . ." counted against the MIRV celling only be­ But 'United States intelllgence sources re­ 5. ABM Violations. The ABM treaty limits cause some o! them have been tested With defensive deployments to specified areas in po1·t that for a number of months now the MIRVs. Gromyko repeated it in May. and Soviet Union has been engaging in "deliber­ Kissinger suddenly began talking of "com­ the United StateS' and the Soviet Union. Al­ ate concealment measures" to prevent Amer­ promises." But. o.r the greatest concern to though the 1972 treaty allowed two areas to ican overhead photography of many of its the United States is the extent of soviet each, this was modified in 1973 to a. single silo fields containing launchers. The stand­ system protecting Moscow and one pro­ MIRV testing of the huge new SS-17, SS-18 tecting United States silos in Montana. ard "national technical means of verifica­ and SS-19 missiles. (the SS-19 is the "light" tion" are Samos satellites orbiting over the missile that became a "heavy" one). Accord­ Moreover the treaty stipulates that each Soviet Union around the clock photograph­ ing to Schlesinger the- SS-18:-the biggest side will confine itself to the use o! auti­ ing the sites. Intelligence photo analysts missile in the Soviet. arsenal-is already ballistic launchers and radars "deployed for study the incredibly high resolution pictures being deployed with eight MIRV warheads. an ABM role." This' mea.na that no anti­ taken on each pass to determine whether And tllis is where the importance of telem­ ballistic systems can be installed beyond any differences can be detected pointing to the Moscow area. etry in monitoring MIRV tests come in. American intelligence has discovered, possible changes in Soviet deployments. Ac­ The use of radar makes it possible for cording to intelligence reports, mentioned by United States intelligence to track the reen­ however, that the Soviets are testing a; mod­ Colby and Schlesinger, the Soviets have been ified version o! the SAM-5 Griffon surface­ try of a MIRV vehicle. carrying a single inde­ to-air mlsslle, in conjunction with radars, placing canvas over their mobile missile pendently targeted: warhead. It may also launchers thus preventing United States in other areas of the country in what the show the separation of multiple warheads treaty calls "an ABM mode." Inasmuch as photography. The canvas covers roughly 8<1 under certain circumstances. But only telem­ by 30 feet areas in several places. The United the Grtlfon test firings have been observed etry-the monitoring of electronic signals up to au altitude of 100.000 feet, the United States has protested this concealment prac­ broadcast by the mlssile~an reveal abso­ tice at the recent Geneva session of the Con­ States questions whether this system can lutely vital information concerning MIRV be intended against aircraft. Likewise nou­ sultative Commission, but it has recei\Ted functions. This may include data. on the no satisf"actory reply from the Russians. One ABM radars have been tested against incom­ fusing mechanism for the nuclear weapons ing objects behaving like United States. ICBM of the Soviet responses was that the conceal­ carried in a MIRVed vehicle, the method. of ment of the launchers relates to testing that deployment of the individual missiles from or submarine-launched warheads. This ac­ ls not specifically covered in the interim the mother warhead., the missiles internal tivity is known in the SALT community as agreement. United states intelligence ob­ i:unctions such as. fuel consumption, tem­ "SAM upgrading," and Pentagon omclals be­ viously has no way of determining whether perature, pressure and so on. lieve that the SovietS' are surreptitiously ac­ the Soviets are telling the truth. Another Denial of telemetry intelligence thus de­ quiring an added ABM defensive potential Soviet comment was that the United States, prives the United states of necessary infor­ to match their growing oft'ensive- strength. occasionally places covers on its Minutema11. mation to determine whether MIRV tests Here, once more, Kissinger was trapped in launchers. In this instance, however, covers are successful. As a top scientist put it, "the ambiguities. Inasmuch as the Russians in· June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20907 slsted on leaving unclear the "ABM mode" to maintain current Community Action this before. This all fell through because of provisions, he appended to the text a uni­ program levels by increasing their own money problems. Both of these jobs were test lateral declaration setting for the US in· jobs, and I passed with flying colors. I did, support for these programs. I therefore however, learn how to meet deadlines, work terpretation of what is should be. But as 1n hope that the majority of my colleagues the case of the light missiles, this is not with peopI& and gatheY needed :Information. binding on the Russians. will join me in supporting an amend­ Then I worked with Jean McFaddin on my Where Kissinger goes from here in terms ment which will insure the continuation major internship task. I was to coordinate of SALT and its impact on detente is un­ of the Community Action programs all of the talent from the schools for the Lib­ clear. The differences between the United which have meant so much to elderly erty Fair which was a giant midway at Sixth States and the Soviet Union, as illustrated and disadvantaged individuals through­ and spring Garden Streets. It all started· by the disputes over the violations and in­ out the country. when I gave a. presentation on behalf o! terpretations of the SALT treaties, are quite GPCA's Philadelphia Festival and the deep and may no longer be able to be planned activities for Liberty Fair before papered over for the sake of detente cosme­ the Bicentennial Committee of the School tics. New "compromises" may keep the proc­ Board, chaired by Dr. George French. After ess alive a while longer. But, in the end, EXECUTIVE HIGH SCHOOL INTERNS my presentation and a question and answer reality must be faced. IN PHILADELPHIA session I confessed that I was a High School student intern, to their great surprise! I then met with school officials from all of the HON. ROBERT N. C.. NIX schools: principals, music teachers, art de­ partments, gym departments, etc. I went to STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN OF PENNSYLVANIA all 27 schools in the city and parochial PHILIP E. RUPPE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES schools. By coming into the schools as a. Wednesday, June 25, 1975 GPCA staff member. my age was not ques­ tioned, and I found a tremendous amount of HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, I recently had talent lurking in the schools among my OF MICHIGAN the opportunity to talk with three young peerS'. One of the problems I had to face a.t IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Philadelphians who were participants 1n this time was not being able to provide trans­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 the executive high school internship portation for the schools. program operated by the school district The word got around that I knew what I Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to of Philadelphia. was doing. I. was later named .Assistant Tal­ express my support of the amendment Under the program, which began tn ent Coordinator for the entire Philadelphia which has been offered by my colleagues, Festival. My new job entailed coordinating Philadelphia in the spring term of 1975, all of the talent for Liberty Fair, five shows Congressman HAWKINS. In my view, this high school students have an opportunity a day, seven days a week. I auditioned talent, is an essential as well as a fiscally re­ to spend one semester working as execu­ selected the talent to be used, scheduled and sponsible amendment. Essential, because tive interns in businesses, government arranged some publicity. And I had to make if it is not passed, Community Action agencies, and public service organiza­ sure to get talent that- would appeal to all programs throughout the country will tions. people, not just blacks or whites or Spanish be forced to cut back their poverty pro­ The students were in Washington to people. Some of the groups that performed grams at a time when our economic attend hearings by the Manpower and included a. Senior Citizens Week, Philadel­ problems make these programs particu­ phia Folk Song Association. two musical pro­ Civil Service Subcommittee of the Post ductions. and several bands, including gang larly necessary. Fiscally responsible, be­ Office and Civil Service Committee on the member bands. Often I worked till or past cause it merely maintains the current bill H.R. 216Z. This bill, which I have co­ 11:00 p.m. I alsd was involved in speaking level of Community Action program sponsored, would allow the Federal Gov­ engagements with the Phllad.elphla Jaycees, funding, rather than decreasing this ernment to participate in this internship the school board, festival meetings. travel­ funding by $35 million. program. ing show meetings.. meetings at City Hall, Since a number of Community Action At the end of their internship, the etc. I wa.s my own boss. Out of the 26 people programs are operating in my district, students were asked to summarize their that I worked with. only five knew my real I can personally attest to their impor­ age and status.. I macle administrative deci­ experiences. I offer for the REconn the sions. and gave orders to adults. tance and success. In fact, it. has been internship summaries of these three Some people may ask, "Well, what did he my experience that few Government outstanding students: learn?" I learned~ programs have been able to make a more EXECUTIVE HIGH 8cHOOL INTERNSHIPS ( l) How to handle responsibility; concrete or fundamental improvement PROGRAM. SPRING, 1975 (2) How to type a.little (you have to when in of the lives the disadvantaged. For ALBERT HENRY wn.soN IV, EXECUTIVE you share a. secretary!); (3) How to make and keep appointments; example, one Community Action Agency INTERN in my district recently obtained fund­ ( 4) How to make decisions and carry them ing to help the elderly poo1· convert from This spring, I. was an Executive Intern to out; Mr. Henry Putsch, Executive Director of the (5) How to treat staff and delegate author­ coal to oil or gas heat after the only coal Greater Philadelphia. Cultural Alliance ity; supplier in their area decided to go out (GPCA). The GPCA coordinates the cultural (6) How to present myself as a.n adult; and of business. I have talked with some of activities of the city and has over 70 member (7) How to speak effectively in front o! the individuals who were assisted with agencies, including the Pennsylvania. Ballet large groups of people. Basically. I worked the enormous cost of replacing their Company, the Philadelphia Orchestra. and as hard as I did because it was a challenge heating units and have ra1·ely spoken the Philadelphia. Art Museum. lits major re­ and I. was representing GPCA. I always had with happier or more grateful people. In sponsibility while I interned there was the to back up everything I sa.id. That meant Philadelphia Spring Festival from Ap:r;il 25 being knowledgeable in all areas of the another community in my district, the toMay25. GPCA organization. Not everything was hard Community Action Agency operates a When I fu·st came to GPCA, I had goals set work though. There were dinner parties that transportation program which has made for myself. In the beginning, in order to get I had to make my appearance at and one it possible for elderly citizens living in a feel for what the organization did, I ob­ week before the Festival opened we went on outlying areas to visit thier doctors, ob­ served and attended various meetings. It was a. sign painting spree. I! you were there you tain social services, and perform a. var­ interesting, but that was not for me. I told saw all of the signs that were painted! iety of essential errands. Again, these my sponsor that I needed to have an area of I feel that I was respected by everyone for individuals are extremely grateful for responsibility and be productive, and he out­ the job that I did. There were times when I lined a program for me which involved my screamed and yelled, but only when it was the services which are afforded to them working wtth three key people: Elizabeth necessary. The most important thing l and do not know how they will get along Caulk, Coordinator of Public Services, Pam­ learned was how to deal with people: black if these services are suddenly discon­ ela Word.en, Coordinator of Festival Center people, white people. Spanish people, etc. If tinued. Programs, and Jean McFaddin, Coordinator I accomplished anything, it was this. and When the Community Services Act of of Special Presentations. every kid, no matter what color he is should 1974 was first passed, it was thought that Initially, I gathered all the information a learn it. local governments should and would be family would need coming into the city !or During my internship I produced three the Bicentennial, including a survey of all programs: able to assume an increasing share of of the restaurants in the center city area. (1) The Gospel Fest ival at Independence the support for Community Action pro­ Then, Pamela V/orden and I were going to Mall, 5/18/75; grams. However, it is now clear that in­ arrange a BeII Concert in the city. I had to (2) The talents for the Germantown Fes­ flation and recession have made it im­ t ake inventory and find out how the· Bells tival; and possible for State and local governments work and talked to the people who had done (3) "All My Interns", a play presented at CXXI--1317-Part 16 20908 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 the Executive High School Internships Pro· being used, my revised system has been in­ the right of self-determination for all gram's Recognition Cememony, 5/20/75, 1n strumented through until Juno 1976. peoples. Legislation has been introduced the Board Room. PAUL BENJAMIN) EXECUTIVE INTERN My one disappointment is that I don't have in the Congress which would express the My Internship, for the past semester, has !\ summer job lined up at GPCA. Because o:t sense of Congress that this Nation pre­ financial and other difficulties, the entire been with Mr. Ira Henkin of the North­ vent legitimization of the Baltic annexa­ staff was let go. I will one day write the east Community Center for Mental Health tion in the European Security Confer­ reasons for it! and Meta.I Retardation (ECCMH/MR), ence agreements. The Executive High School Internships Consultation and Education Units, (C & E). It would be fitting and entirely appro­ Program gave the 32 interns a preparedness The C & E Units functions are to provide community social workers and to provide priate for the Congress to act and ap­ for life. It let us see the real world and the prove this resolution this month to coin­ world of business just as it is: how petty it mental health services to the area schools. can be, how conniving people can be, how Mr. Henkin also trains and regulates volun­ cide with the commemoration of the il­ wonderful people can be. It m0,kes me want teers and is responsible for Skills Workshop, legal Soviet occupation of the Baltic na­ to go through my last year with top honors a weekly training program for volunteers. tions. because I know what is out there waiting As an Intern to Mr. Henkin, I played a for me. Now I feel I am ready for it. No stu­ role in the planning of the skills workshop, dent who is capable of handling it should attended C & E staff meetings, and went on RECOMPUTATION OF MILITARY ever be discouraged from participating in home "Interventions" to clients' residences. Mr. Henkin assigned me to work at four ele­ PAY-AN ISSUE OF EQUITY THAT this program because this kind of program WILL NOT GO AWAY provides something that you just can't learn mentary schools in the catchment area; in school. Spruance, Marshall, Ziegler, and Bridesburg Public Schools. At the schools I worked un­ SHARON PLON, EXECUTIVE INTERN der the guidance of the school counselors and HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA The second semester of my senior year, I Mr. Henkin. OF HAWAII worked at The Franklin Institute Science I conducted two "boys groups" at one of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Museum. My sponsor was the Assistant Di­ the schools working with motivational prob­ rector for Education Programs and Develop­ lems. I also worked in one to one relation­ Wednesday, June 25, 1915 ment. The Education Department of the In­ ships with students who have motivational Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, for stitute is responsible for Summer Workshops, and learning disabilities on a tutorial basis. the better part of a century, military re­ Paired Schools Enrichment Program, Aca­ I spent two days a week with a third grade tired pay has been related directly -to demically Talented Program (STAT), Travel­ class of 32 children of which about half are ing Science Teachers for Parochial Schools mentally disturbed. The structure is an open the pay of those on active duty. The most (STEP), Traveling Science Shows and all class room and this experience as a student common system has been to "recompute" demonstrations-lecturers in the Museum. My teacher has taught me about the problems of the retired pay of all retirees whenever sponsor is personally responsible for the education not only from the administrative active duty pay is increased. Delaware Valley Science Fair, which is spon­ vantage point but from the teacher's point of But this direct relationship was sored by the Philadelphia Inquirer and D0Jly view. I attended a District 7 teachers work­ abruptly ended in 1958, thus changing News and The Franklin Institute. He is also shop and took part in a drug counseling ses­ involved with television spots on children sion with students at one of my assignments. the rules in midstream, or midcareer, for shows, and has written all of the individual thousands of servicemen. Since that wo1·kshop programs. time, "recomputation" of military re­ Being considered a special assistant to my tired pay has been the No. 1 legislative sponsor, I o.ttended several meetings at The STAND UP FOR FREEDOM IN THE topic among those affected. Institute, arranged reservations for the BALTIC NATIONS Included in that group are the mem­ Traveling Shows, accompanied him on field bers of the Anny Retiree Council of trips, and acquainted myself, and occasion­ Hawaii, about 1,000. of whom I had the ally worked in the Museum. Several of the meetings I attended were HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER pleasure of addressing last month on meetings of the Science Fair Advisory Board, OF NEBRASKA recomputation and a variety of subjects of which I am an official member. I prepared IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of interest to military retirees. Because the minutes and the agendas for most of Wednesday, June 25, 1975 of the numerous requests I have re­ the meetings. I al:;o attended the taping of ceived for copies of my speech, I am in­ the "Captain Noah" show in which my spon­ Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker, this creasing its availability to the public by sor has a weekly science spot. During my month, the Baltic peoples living through­ including it at this point in the RECORD: internship, there were the openings of the out the free world will commemorate the RECOMPUTING MILITARY RETmED PAY-IT Symmetry Exhibit and the Discovery The­ forceful annexations of Lithuania, Lat­ ADDS UP TO SIMPLE JUSTICE ater, both of which I attended, The Dis­ covery Theater was the brainchlld of my via, and Estonia by the Soviet Union in (By Hon. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA) sponsor and his picture and name appear 1940. This year's commemoration of this General Hutchinson, Colonel Jackson, and i11 the article concerning the opening. blatant aggression in the conquest of fellow veterans-ALOHA I My main project of the internship was the peaceful neighboring countries by Com­ It's a great pleasure for me to be able Delaware Valley Science Pair. This Fair ts munist powers is all the more vivid to visit with you at your Second Annual representative of eleven counties and over against the backdrop of the loss of three Open House here at Fort Shafter. I hope, three hundred applications each year for the other countries to Communists aggres­ though, that I wasn't invited because you Fair. I was considered the coo1·dinator of sors in Southeast Asia. found out I was a Subcommittee Chairman the Fair and was responsible for all of the of the new House Select Committee on the correspondence with the exhibitors, spon­ A special urgency also attaches to this Aging-you're much too Vigorous a group for sors, schools and judges. During the Fair year's commemoration. Late this sum­ that fact to interest you I Richardson Theater itself, I was considered second in command mer, the Conference on Security and Co­ ts a fine fac111ty, with enough exits to insure and was responsible for solving any last operation in Europe will convene in Hel­ safety in an emergency. What's more, you are minute problems that arose. I planned the sinki, Finland to ratify agreements. Of obviously a friendly and attentive audience. Judges' Luncheon and the Advisory Board So I suppose I really have no personal need p1incipal concern is that the Soviet Union to recall the story about John Kennedy's Recognition Dinner. I was also responsible is seeking to legitimize its fraudulent for much of the Fair's publicity. I composed Presidential campaign in 1960. Kennedy was several letters containing background in­ annexation of the Baltic States. addressing a crowd about 10,000 at the formation and basic facts of the Fair for The United States strongly condemned Alamo in San Antonio, and while he was various publishing and communications or­ the annexation in 1940 and has steadily finishing up his speech, one of his advance ganizations, i.e., WFIL, The Hadley Group, refused to recognize its legitimacy. It is men started planning the way to the next The Philadelphia. Inquirer. My other main in stop on his agenda. He said to a campaign imperative that we stand fast our de­ aide who was from San Antonio, "let's get project was The Franklin Institute Traveling fense of the rights, and the hopes, of all Jack out the back door to avoid this crowd." Science Show. At the beginning of the In­ exiled Baltic peoples. Despite all efforts The Texan replied, "There's no back door ternship, I accompanied our demonstrators to suppress opposition, nationalism flour­ to the Alver the last the House has been the Armed Services Com­ tion, the arguments for it are very strong. twelve months. I am pleased to say that Con­ mittee. The Committee has re:fused to act, First and foremost, while full reoomputa­ gress has rejected that proposal in adopting despite the fact that at various times about tion appears hopelessly lost there Ls a chance its budget resolution. Although the House 115 Members-more than a fourth of the of passage for the comp1·omise measure, and Budget Committee i·ecommended that any entire membership-sponsored recomputa­ half a loaf is always better than none, es­ increase be limited to 7%, the House adopted tion legislation. There were hearings held pecially to a starving person. Furthermore, an amendment-with my strong support­ last October, but no legislation resulted. what may appear to be only half a loaf may that removed this "cap" on catch-up oost-of­ In the Senate. as you may know, a. verSion prove to be more, for cost-of-living increases living adjustments. of "recomp" was passed on three separate would be substantially greater once the basic And there continue to be great gaps be­ occasions. This is as much a reflection on the retirement pay is raised to the 1972 level. tween the positions of the various parties on rules of the Senate as on the sentiment of It is my strong hope that this 94th Con­ the major curi·ent issue affecting the income the Senators. Each time that it was passed, gress-the Bicentennial Congress-will be the and well-being of all retirees-proposals for it was passed as an amendment offered on the one which will finally deliver on the moral recomputation of retirement pay. floor, not as a bill recommended by the Sen­ obligation Uncle Sam owes its military re­ Some time ago your chairman, General ate Armed Services Committee. It was always tirees with pre-1958 service. Perhaps Supreme Hutchinson, submitted to me the results of added to an unrelated bill; and when the Court Justice Hugo Black said it best, in a a sm·vey taken among the members of your bill went to conference, the Senate conferees, who were always Armed Services Committee case involving the rights of American In­ organization. The single most important is­ dians. He said, "Great Nations, like great sue to the overwhelming majority, was re• members, immediately agreed to "compro• mise" recomputatlon right out of the bill. men, should keep their word." computation. Thank you very much. You all know the problem, but you may The amendment procedure applied in the not know the history behind it, so let me go Senate cannot be repeated in the House back a few years. of Representatives because of restrictive The Army retirement system dates back to House rules. The Senate is not bound by any the stru:t of the Civil War. It was a way to rule of germaneness and amendments not LAFAYETTE LAKE AND ITS rid active duty rolls of superannuated of­ even remotely i·elated to the subject matter ECONOMIC IMPACT ficers, and fill those senior billets with men of the bill under consideration may be of­ young enough to lead troops in the field. fered. However, the House operates under a Back then you had to have 45 years of service strict rule which requires that all amend­ HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN to qualify for retirement. Your benefits con­ ments offered to any bill must relate to the sisted of a year's pay and allowance-period. subject matter of the bill its.elf. Conse­ OF INDIANA. But shortly after that, in 1870, an annual quently, the recomputation amendment, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES retired pay, set at 75 % of active duty pay which the Senate adopted would have been Wednesday, June 25, 1975 was established. This connection, through ruled "out of order" and could not have law and custom, continued until 1958, when been even debated in the House, if offered Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, while no retirees were told that they would not get in the manner that it was in the Senate. one can predict all of the economic im - 20910 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 pacts of Lafayette Lake for Tippecanoe help-it is obvious our Government sustaining in a moral sense. It requires a County, studies of the lake and of similar will not. framework of law, order, and ethical con­ projects around the country tell us that: sensus that involves fundamentally an af­ New Jobs will be created. About $11 firmation of certain human values. The mar­ in ket is not an end in itself, but the means million wages will be paid to work­ to higher ends. Definition of these ends leads men dw·ing construction alone. Wages THE FREE MARKET AND us inevitably into the domain of philoso­ spent in the county will stimulate the HUMAN VALUES phy and metaphysics. local economy. TWO AND ONE-HALF CHEERS FOR THE The temporary loss of 1.8 % of the HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS MARKET actual county wide tax base will be re­ OF IDAHO This may appear a brash statement in a gained within the first few years of op­ so-called scientific age, but the importance eration, since land values around the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of values is really implicit in the argu­ .lake rise. The temporary tax base loss Wednesday, June 25, 1975 ments which protagonists of the market will be spread out over 4-5 years of land Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, the May make for this form of social organization. Let acquisition. us briefly run over the position. It should 1975 issue of Imprimis, published by not have taken the Arab sheiks to remind us Much of the initial tax base loss will Hillsdale College, is devoted to a discus­ that by definition all economic goods are be immediately regained as residents re­ sion of the free market and its humani­ scarce, whereas the hunger of man for those locate within the county. Only 18 percent tarian aspects. The author is Mr. John goods is well-nigh infinite. In this situation of the county tax assessment comes from · Davenport, an economic writer now on some means must be found for allocating land-nearly three-!ourths come from the staff of Fortune magazine. scarce resources--be they work, materials or improvements and other personal prop­ Hillsdale College is marked by its capital-to human wants. There are basically erties. two ways in which this may be done. In strong independence and its emphasis the first place, we might conceive of some After completion the lake will off er on academic excellence. It holds that the all-wise government which would plan out summer employment opportunities for traditional values of Western civilization, in advance what goods would be produced young people in the county, always especially the free society of responsible each year according to some master chart or hardest hit by high unemployment. individuals, are worthy of defense. Hills­ plan. This is the road taken by Marxian So­ dale College neither solicits nor accepts cialism, and to my horror I see it is still be­ ing taken seriously by various intellectuals Government funding for its operations. who want to set up a master-planning agency EMERGENCY HOUSING ACT Mr. Speaker, I commend the Imprimis in Washington. article to my colleagues in Congress and The trouble with such a system, of course, suggest that they give it careful con­ is that government officials are not all-wise HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN sideration: when it comes to knowing what people want, THE MARKET AND HUMAN VALUES and furthermore that the only way by which OF MARYLAND government can enforce its plans is by using IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By John Davenport) some form of coercion. Economic planning I am delighted. to be with you at Hillsdale in this sense cannot be squared with human Wednesday, June 25, 1975 CoJlege and have already confirmed what I freedom. It cannot even be squared, as von Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, today's knew before coming here-that this is, to Mises has brilliantly shown, with rational failure of the Congress to override t~e say the least, an active place. The confirma­ choice and decision. It is easy for govern­ Presidential veto of the.Emergency Hpus­ tion came last evening when I left the sanc­ ments to decide that their people will p1·ob­ tuary of my room at your college and sallied ably want some bread to eat. They will also ing Act, H.R. .4489, leaves one serious forth in the dark to visit your library, in want shoes to put on their feet. But how question on my mind. What is to become which we a.re now assembled. On the way much bread? How many shoes? These are the of the· countless individuals who may lose I very nearly fell into an excavation which questions which officials cannot really an­ their homes without the protection which in time will become another building to swer. that piece of legislation would have af­ adorn your campus. The moral, I suppose, By contrast, a market economy solves the forded them? fs not to wander a.bout an institution nea.ded :>roblem of allocation smoothly and efficiently. A case in point is the plight of one of by George Roche. It is subject to rapid Assuming that there is a given income dis­ change and, despite my near demise, change tribution, consumers bid for what they want my own constituents, Mr. Donald Howes for the better. via the price mechanism. This gives them a of Bowie, Md. Mr. Howes, a construction I am also honored to be included in what vote in the economic arena which may .be worker by trade, has been out of work has become known as the Ludwig von Mises just as important as, and perhaps more im­ since October 1974. Since he was laid off, Lecture Series, though this strikes me as in­ portant than, their vote at the ballot box. Mr. Howes has traveled to many parts of viting a boy (if an old boy) to do a man's The price system is really a sophisticated the country looking for work, but there is work. After all, I am only a working jour­ signalling system which indicates what no work. nalist, whereas it is not too much to 11ay that should be p1·oduced, and in what quantities. For several months, the Howes family, von Mises was a foremost economist of our The wage system is likewise a signalling de­ times, though his role as such was never vice which indicates where labor is most Mr. and Mrs. Howes and their five chil­ publicly acknowledged by what we may call productive. Were labor "taken out of the dren, were able to exist on the money The Establishment. He was the leading market," as organized labor has declared it that they had saved. But now, that money champion of the free market economy in this ought to be, we would be left without guide has run out. In order to meet his mort­ century. He was a devastating critic not only or rudder to determine how the world's work gage payments, Mr. Howes has had to of Marxian Socialism but of that "soft so­ should be accomplished. Finally, profits­ take out several loans. Now the loan com­ cialism" which infects so much of our think­ the difference between final prices and costs-­ panies are closing in. ing· today. He was finally a scholar and a are the evanescent margin of return that goes gentleman-a scholar ever ready to bring to producers and entrepreneurs for bringing Mr. Howes is about to lose his home. a vast store of learning to the principles be labor, materials and capital together before After 24 years of hard work and saving to believed in, and a gentleman in the sense goods can be sold. In a growing economy own a home of which he can be proud, he that while he did not suffer fools gladly, he someone must undertake this risk, and it is is about to lose it because he cannot make never lost an Old World courtesy and gra­ far better that it be diffused among individ­ his mortgage payments. ciousness which he displayed toward friends ual entrepreneurs and corporations than con­ The Howes hoping to forestall fore­ and foes alike. centrated in the hands of bureaucrats, whose closure, hoping that construction starts I trust this spirit of tolerance is brood­ mistakes in judging human needs are apt to would enable them to be placed on a pay­ ing over this meeting tonight as I examine be monumental. two different aspects of von Mises' thought. It may come as a surprise to you that even roll again, offered their furniture for sale. The first part of my task is relatively easy. the late John Maynard Keynes had no quar­ Sadly, they learned that used furniture It is to run over rapidly the chief argu­ rel with this proposition and con<;:luded his brings only a pittance. ments for the market type of economy and famous General Theory of Employment, In­ It is of little comfort to this family to to dispose of some of the chief criticisms terest and Money with a ringing apologia for learn that the President feels this bill, that are made of it. But the second and the market's virtues. Where Keynes broke which would have provided work and main part of my assignment ls more diffi­ with the classical tradition was on the ques­ cult and controversial. It is to explore the tion of whether the market is economically mortgage relief, is not needed. underpinnings which seem to me necessary self-sustaining. Following Jean Baptiste Say, Tonight I will utter a special prayer to maintain this kind of economy in a hos­ most economists before Keynes' time had for the Howes family and the millions of tile world. And here by thesis will be that assumed that production in the market cre­ our countrymen who are in similar while the market is self-sustaining in an ates its own demand: it is the shoes which straits. Perhaps the Good Lord will economic sense, it is not necessarily self- the shoemaker makes that constitute his June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS bF REMARKS 20911 real purchasing power for food produced view. But . the economist qua economist, is case, we would be left with no common by the farmer; The heart of the General supposed to keep his mouth shut. standards and criteria for evaluating human Theory is its attack on Say's law of markets Now I find that this doctrine of ethical actions. We. would be left in a world where and on the grounds that in a capitalist so­ neutrality in modern economics has some­ all that could guide us would be the atti­ ciety, people will attempt to save more than thing to be said for it. Economists are busy tude, "You do your thing, and I'll do mine." tl'1ey invest. From this it followed that gov­ enough nowadays explaining the intricacies But I submit that this business of "you ernments must step in to fill the gap by of supply and demand (of oil, for instance) do your thing and I'll do mine" is really an c;pending and extending easy credit, if we and further explaining the intricacies of the invitation to anarchy or worse, if there be would maintain full use of our resources. modern money system without getting them­ anything worse. It is first cousin to that This was, to say the least, music to the selves involved in moral judgments. They Relativism and Logical Positivism (i.e., only ears of politicians who for thirty-odd years perform a highly useful function in explain­ the measurable is real) which afllict the have been presenting us with ever-rising ing that if a man or a nation follows course modern world and which have undermined government expenditures and budget deficits. A, the consequence B is apt to follow. All the very intellectual foundations of what With what results? With the result that in­ of us, including government officials, do need Walter Lippmann once called the Good So­ flation has predictably grown apace, while to know the probable consequences of alter­ ciety. In the Good Socitey it must be as­ unemployment is still very much with us in native lines of action, whether these relate sumed that there are enduring standards tl1e mid-seventies. The truth seems to be to our personal lives or to social issues, such for judging the good, the beautiful, and the that debasement of the currency and gov­ as rent control, environmental protection, or true. Indeed, without belief in truth, science ernment efforts to pump up so-called "ag­ the inflation of the currency. Yet I also find itself becomes impossible. In this matter it gregate demand" are a selfdefeating proc­ this doctrine of ethical neutrality on the seems to me that some thinkers of the Mid­ ess. They may sometimes restore prosperity part of economists a puzzling and at times dle Ages were far ahead of our latter-day for a while, but in the end we suffer the highly dangerous one. For one thing, few philosophers and economists. For they pos­ worst of both worlds--namely stagflation. It economists, and least of all my libertarian ited a "natural order" which included not is a tribute to von Mises that he never ac­ friends, are really able to stick to it. They only the so-called facts of nature, as we ob­ cepted the Keynesian analysis and hence are, in fact, constantly telling us what we serve them, but also certain moral laws that never accepted its conclusions. He held that ought to do rather than what we do. In­ were just as real as the facts of nature, society needs a stable currency and that gov­ deed, the whole case for fl'ee enterprise and even though they could not be observed by ernment may have a part in creating it. But .the market economy rests on moral evalu­ the human eye (or the modern microscope). given this framework, his position was that ations-that freedom and collaboration are It is my contention ths.~ if we are to have unemployed resources are not the result of good, and that coercion, in general, is bad. the kind of economy fi·ee marketeers say market forces but rather the result of block­ Moreover, I would remind you that even they want, and the kind of limited govern­ age by powerful labor unions, minimum wage the most devoted of free marketeers, who ment which most of us want, then some laws, and other forms of government inter­ are against most interferences by govern­ such comprehensive Natural Order must be ference. Were he alive today, I suspect that ment in the price-profit system, still assume assumed. In short, we must reconnect eco­ his prescription would be far different from that some governmental· framework is nec­ nomics with philosophy in both branches of and far simpler than the ideas currently cir­ essary if the market is to perform its func­ the latter subject-with metaphysics, the culating in Congress and in the White House. tions. The market requires the enforcement study of the Real; and with ethics, the study He would propose elimination of monopoly of property rights and of contract. It as­ of the Good. sumes a framework of law which has its practices in both industry and labor, com­ "GET YOU WISDOM" bined with a cut in, or elimination of, that foundation deep within a moral public con­ sensus. It requires a viable monetary system Now all this is pretty deep stuff, and I most foolish of all taxes-namely the corpo­ must apologize for having led you into it. rate profit tax. through which all prices, wages, and profits are registered. Government is involved here Yet my remarks have been dicta,ted by the THE LIMITS OF NEUTRALITY whether it adopts some form of gold stand­ very nature of the topic assigned. The as­ I trust that by now I have convinced you a1·d or whether, following the advice of the signment was not just to defend the market that I am a good free marketeer in the Mise­ Chicago school of thought, it adopts some system of economy. It was to try to indicate sian sense of the word, if not in that of Ayn fixed rule for enlarging the money supply, that we cannot get very far in that defense Rand. I would like now to advance up more defined in terms of currency and checking without considering human values, and that slippery slopes. Granted that the free mar­ accounts. Even if we assume that gold coins once that Pandora's box is opened we are up ket is a buttress of liberty, a coordinator of will circulate again, still the king's head or against questions as old as Plato and Aris­ free and spontaneous collaboration, and that the American eagle will presumably be totle. given proper adjustment of prices, costs and stamped on the coins. I would commend both men to your atten­ tion, especially Aristotle, who after all wrote profits, it has no inherent tendency to run THE MARKET DEPENDS ON ORDER down-granted all this, is it a self-sustaining the first short treatise on economics as part mechanism in a deeper sense? Can we safely In short, the market system is dependent of a much broader synthesis. For Aristotle argue for the virtues of the market without upon a right and just political order, and economics was part of politics, and politics paying some attention to virtue itself in the such an order, as Aristotle saw long ago, de­ in its turn ft.owed out of ethics. And that, ethical meaning of that word? Can the mar­ pends on our making up our minds as to when you come to think about it, is more ket succeed without the commitment of so­ what constitutes justice and other forms of or less how the Founding Fathers of this ciety and a nation to certain fundamental the Good. I conclude that while economists country proceeded. Madison, Jefferson and values that lie beyond the margin of supply may abstain, if they like, from passing judg­ Hamilton did not begin by defining a full­ and demand and so-called "indifference ment on individual acts of human choice, blown economic system. On the contrary, curves"? they cannot possibly remain neutral when they began with certain assumptions about And here we come to a paradox that in­ it comes to defining the kind of economic th nature of man, that in the language of volves the very nature of economics and the and political order which makes freedom the Declaration, "all men are endowed by task of the economist. Von Mises and the ,of individual choice possible. Perhaps we their Creator with certain inalienable Austrian school Of economics which he repre­ should allow them the privilege of wearing rights." From that assumption :flowed their sented freed us from viewing economics as two hats, so to speak, donning one when they concept of limited rather than unlimited some kind of spurious physical science. Eco­ play the role of the economist, but putting government. And from that a.ssumption nomics, as vou Mises made plain in his on the other when they speak as concerned flowed an economic system which, while de• great book, Human Action, is not the study citizens. But I confess I am not too fond of pendent on government for its basic frame• of physical wealth, as some earlier econo­ hat tricks, especially when the same bald or work, nevertheless took from government the mists had believed. It is fundamentally the bushy head is discovered beneath the felt! decisions of how the world's work should be study of human choice and preferences in More seriously, I wish that economists performed and how resources-human, ma­ the face of scarce resources; and such choice would abstain from making highly danger­ tel:ial, and capital-should be allocated. is obviously psychological in nature. Human ous philosophic statements in their efforts Today this order of priorities has been behavior is purposive in character, and pur­ to defend their alleged scientific neutrality. strangely reversed. We have a vast body of poses involving judgment of the future, as If you ask many of them today (not neces­ so-called economic knowledge and statistics well as of the past, cannot be reduced to sarily the followers of von Mises) why they which is kept in one compartment of our outward events which can be studied under are ethically neutral, their answer all too thinking. Then we have our so-called "po­ the microscope. Purposes, it would seem evi­ often will be that ethical judgments are, by litical scientists" who argue to and fro about dent, involve ends and values. And yet it their nature, "subjective" whereas economic the nature of government. Finally, we still was a prime tenet of von Mises' teaching, judgments are "objective." Now this is a do have our philosophers, though their field an.d certainly is a prime tenet of most mod­ very dangerous statement. If all that is has been invaded recently by such types as ern economists, that economists is_value free. meant by it is that ethical judgments are Angela Davis and Professor Herbert Marcuse, Economics studied human choice, but when psychological and non-physical facts, well a confirmed Communist. Their discussion is it comes to human choices it does not pass and good. But if what is meant is that ethi­ too often clouded by exerci_ses in symbolic judgment. To put it bluntly, if men choose cal judgments are ipso facto capricious and logic or arid studies of semantics and linguis­ 'to buy cocaine instead of Coca-Cola, that not subject to general moral laws, then we tics. Never mind. I hold that there still is is to be lamented from a social point of are in serious trouble indeed. For in this a great philosophic tradition, and that some 20912 EXTENSIONS Of REMARKS June 25, 1975 acquaintance with Greek and medieval pm­ The musket tore right through his chest, important, so is the country's need for an losophy will serve you well in your compre4 he doesn't have a chance. effective intelligence system in a world where hension of modern economics. He struggled hard, he fought his best. some nations are hostile to us. U.S. policy I would add furthermore that you will not he'll never live to dance. makers must have access to the best infor­ understand our civilization without explor­ mation and analysis obtainable to make the ing that other great tradition which ha.s He tries to talk, but blood pours out, I try to lift his head. decisions upon which the fate of the coun­ shaped it-namely Christianity. As Edmund try turns. In all likelihood effective intelli­ Opitz has argued in his brilliant book, Reli­ He screams "What ls this all about?" Now, follows, what he said. gence gathering will become more, not less, gion and Capitalism: Allies, Not Enemies, vital ln the years ahead. These legitimate there should be no quarrel between the deep­ "I fought real hard, through stress and strife, and necessary functions must not be im­ est insights of religion and the kind of free they got my best, from me. paired as we try to correct the excesses and economy we wish to preserve against the in­ They told me I might lose my life, improprieties of the CIA. roads of the all-powerful state. On the con­ to make this country free." I felt two disappointments in the Rocke­ trary, it is where secularism and materialism feller Commission report. It simply did not have taken deepest hold, as in Communist examine deeply enough the role of a secret Russia, that the free economy has been all agency in a democracy. The Commission ap­ but eliminated. Religion, Marx held, was the THE ROCKEFELLER COMMISSION parently assumed that an agency with the "opium of the people." What force is to rein­ power and the secrecy of the CIA is readily force the Good? And what force ls to stand REPORT compatible with a democratic society. Al­ up against the princes, principalities and though it proposes several measures for closer dictators of this our modern secular world? supervision of existing intelllgence agencies, So, in conclusion, I trust that while at HON. LE.EH. HAMILTON the tough questions were not addressed in the Hillsdale you will make the most of what OF INDIANA report: What kind of intelllgence agency used to be called a liberal education. Such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should we have? Should it engage in secret an education means making at least nodding operations (not just collecting and analyzing acquaintance with many specialities. But Wednesday, June 25, 1975 intelligence) and, if so, when and for what specialization should not mean losing sight purpose? The other disappointment was the of those deeper truths that have shaped this Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Commission's assumption that the President extraordinary country of ours. Today men and the CIA could correct the faults of the are hungry to see our multifold academic RECORD, I include my Washington Report agency. That, of course, would continue the disciplines reoriented around those core entitled "The Rockefeller Commission same arrangement that has just failed. The values of what Winston Churchill once made Report": record clearly shows that recent Presidents bold to call Western Christian civilization. THE ROCKEFELLER COMMISSION REPORT did not stop the abuses of authority by the As this ls done, even the so-called "dismal CIA, and that means that the CIA's account­ science" of economics becomes, if not a In the most sweeping investigation ever of United States intelllgence agencies, the ab1Uty to the Congress should be improved seductive bride, at least an attractive brides­ and that the internal procedures of the CIA maid. Tonight I invite you to this adventure Rockefeller Commission has found that the Central Intelligence Agency has conducted a have to be strengthened. 1n thought and imagination, of which Lud­ The scope of the CIA violations and in­ wig von Mises might have been skeptical, vast network of illegal domestic operations. The great majority of the CIA domestic ac­ ability of the agency to correct itself, both even while wishing you good luck in your before and after these violations were widely endeavor. "Get you Wisdom," said the Psalm­ tivities complied with the law, the Commis­ sion found, but there were instances of poor known, suggests to me that the task of ist, and most other things will be added unto straightening the agency wlll be more dif­ you. Well, go and get it! judgment, inadequate controls, meddling and pressure from Presidents, and unlawful ficult than the Commission believed. Several recommendations to improve the I conduct. I The Rockefeller Commission report is both operation of the CIA are widely agreed upon. disturbing and reassuring: disturbing be­ The pervasive atmosphere of secrecy through­ ROME, OHIO CELEBRATES AMERI­ cause of the activities disclosed, and reassur­ out the agency calls for declassification of at CAN BICENTENNIAL ing because the Commission has brought least some aspects of its budgetary, auditing, them into the open for discussion. Among and legal procedures. Some activities, such as other things, the Commission found that the infiltration of domestic dissident groups, HON. J. WILLIAM STANTON CIA: should no longer be undertaken. The Con­ Conducted an espionage operation gress should improve its oversight commit­ OF OHIO against dissident American political groups, tees, replacing the obviously ineffective pres­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ent committees. There is no substitute, as crating files on 300,000 individuals and simple as it seems, for naming good people Wednesday, June 25, 1975 placing undercover agents in anti-war and to run the CIA and then keeping an eye on black movements; them. Mr. J. WILLIAM STANTON. Mr. Engaged in wiretapping, electronic room bugging, and burglaries; The Congressional committees investigat­ Speaker, on Saturday, July 5, the village ing the Central Intelligence Agency still have of Rome, Ohio, in my congressional dis­ Experimented for a decade with a drug work to do. They have a broad mandate to in­ trict, will recognize our American herit­ testing program that resulted in the death of at least one person; vestigate the domestic spying activities of the age and our 200th birthday with an of­ Held a defector from abroad prisoner in CIA, as well as its foreign operations, includ­ ficial Bicentennial Dedication Day. a CIA facility for three years; ing assassinations and efforts to "destabilize" I am sure the Members of this House Inspected mall between the Soviet Union other governments. The challenge before us join me in wholehearted congratulations and the United States for 20 years, opening is to insure that the CIA maintains its effec­ to all the citizens of Rome, Ohio. some 13,000 letters in the process; tiveness within a system of democratic checks And entered into an agreement with the to perform its essential function of finding In honor of this occasion, the treasurer out and analyzing the rapid and complex of Rome's Bicentennial Commission, Mr. Department of Justice in which the CIA was given the power to decide whether or not events of various international situations John P. Yarish, has written a poem in to prosecute CIA employees involved in without simultaneously becoming a menace memory of the lives forfeited for free­ criminal acts. to the freedoms it is supposed to help protect. dom's sake. The Commission's report is an extremely Mr. Speaker, it gives me great pleasure important and valuable document. It puts to include this tribute in the RECORD: on the record a long list of illegal domestic THE MINUTEMAN spying activities, and it shows how close the DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND UR­ United States has come to creating an un­ BAN DEVELOPMENT-INDEPEND­ We know "the shot heard 'round the world", controlled security apparatus operating out­ the Minutemen, et al, ENT AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS side the law and with little respect for con­ BILL, 1976 The war to have OUR FLAG unfurled ... stitutional processes, the very kind of activ­ the musket ... cannon ball. ity we so often condemn in totalitarian The part, we really haven't heard, states. It displays for us the difficulties that HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE the untold agony. a democratic society encounters in man­ aging the requirements of national security OF TEXAS The dying and their parting word, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that made this country free. and individual rights, and it clearly points out the need for more effective oversight and Wednesday, June 25, 1975 Take little Willie Johnson. there, stricter control over the CIA. The Commis­ just sixteen years of age. sion has done a thorough job in reporting M1·. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, on June He's dying ... blood is everywhere, and summarizing what it found. 24, 1975, the House overwhelmingly he's screaming ... in a rage. Although the past misdeeds of the CIA are passed H.R. 8070, the Department of June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20913 Housing and Urban Development and in­ Can you suggest a better way to spend the tion Division has in six years grown in re­ people's money? I am retired, over 65, enjoy sponsibility from handling five loans totaling dependent agencies appropriations bill, fishing. Help me to help other senior citi­ $15.9 million to 14 loans totaling $121 mil­ for fiscal year 1976 and for the transi­ zens to enjoy old age by fishing daily. lion. tion period. Yours very truly, Mrs. Brackett's "ability to seek out, ob­ I want to compliment the distin­ DALTON MATTHE WS. tain and orchestrate health technical ad­ guished chairman of the Subcommittee visory services available in Latin America on HUD-Independent Agencies and floor and the United Startes" have produced inno­ manager of the bill, the Honorable ED­ vative programs tliat will have a "real im­ WARD P. BOLAND, as well as the Honorable MAURA HURLEY BRACKETT NOMI­ pact on future health activities . . . . " BURT L. TALCOTT for bringing this im­ NATED FOR TOP GOVERNMENT portant piece of legislation to a success­ WOMEN'S AWARD ful conclusion in the House. TITLE IX REGULATIONS The bill as passed includes fu:ads for fiscal year 1976 and the transition pe­ HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND riod for the National Aeronautics and OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY Space Administration and. the National OF CONNECTICUT Science Foundation for which the Com­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 mittee on Science and Technology is as­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, it is al­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 signed the responsibility for authorizing ways a pleasure to see a close friend do legislation. While there are some signifi­ well in their chosen field. A good friend Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, earlier cant differences in the amounts author­ of mine, Mrs. Maura Hurley Brackett, is this week I testified before the Subcom­ ized for certain projects versus legisla­ currently doing exceptionally well at the mittee on Postsecondary Education on tive actions taken in the appropriations Agency for International Development the title IX regulations to the Education bill, it appears that the two are reason­ irJ. the State Department. Amendments of 1972. I believe there has ably compatible. Mrs. Brackett, who is chief of the been a great deal of misinformation and I wish to express my appreciation for Health, Nutrition and Population Coordi­ distortion regarding the intent and ap­ the spirit of cooperation displayed by nation Division, Office of Development plication of these regulations, prohibit­ Messrs. BOLAND, TALCOTT, and other Resources in the Latin American Bureau ing any Federal aid recipient from prac­ members of tha Appropriations Com­ of AID, has recently been nominated for ticing sex discrimination against stu­ mittee in the passage of the authoriza­ the Federal Women's Award by AID Ad­ dents. I am including in the RECORD my tion and appropriations legislation for ministrator Daniel Parker. It is the sec­ testimony in support of these regulations the National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ ond time in 2 years that Mrs. Brackett so that my colleagues may have another ministration and the National Science has been nominated for this award, con­ perspective on this issue: Foundation. sidered the top women's honor in the SUBCOMMITTEE ON POSTSECONDARY EDUCA­ Federal Government. TION-TITLE IX REGULATIONS I extend my heartiest personal con­ Equal opporttmity in education is funda­ SPENDING SAILS gTatulations to Maura and wish her fur­ mental to equality in all human endeavors. ther success in the future. At this point I It is education that determines one's atti­ tudes, beliefs, and positions in society. His­ would like to insert an article from the torically, in the United States, and indeed HON. BILL ALEXANDER Agency for International Development the world, women have been viewed as sec­ OF ARKANSAS publication "Front Lines" that outlines ond class citizens and not quite as worthy as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mrs. Brackett's accomplishments in her their male counterparts. Mr. Chairman, it is field and also those of another nominee, to correct this situation that I urge the swift Wednesday, June 25, 1975 Mrs. Kathleen s. Bitterman. implementation of the Title IX regulations. Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, leave NAME BITTERMANN, BRACKETT FOR TOP The crucial clause of Title IX states that WOMEN'S HONOR "no person in the United States shall on the it to the folk back home to point up the basis of sex be excluded from participation foolishness of our ways. Since I joined Kathleen S. Bittermann, Deputy Coordi­ in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected the Appropriations Committee, I have nator for Food for Peace and Maura H. Brack­ to discrimination under any educational pro­ become even more alarmed at the man­ ett, Chief of the Health, Nutrition, Popula­ tion Coordination Division in the Latin gram or activity receiving federal assistance." ner in which we freely spend the Federal American Bureau, have been nominated for Like the provisions of the Equal Rights tax dollar. the Federal Women's Award by Administra­ Amendment, it is difficult to understand I would like to share with my col­ tor Parker. how 200 years after the Declaration of Inde­ leagues a letter from one of my constit­ Mrs. Bittermann is cited for her achieve­ pendence, over 100 years after the 14th uents that certainly should take some ments in helping administer the U.S. Food Amendment, and over 50 years after women for Peace Program. Her primary responsibil­ were granted full political equality, we are of the wind out of our spending sails: still discussing whether women should be WYNNE, ARK., ity includes allocating PL 480 resources to meet disaster relief requirements, for dona­ entitled to the same educational and social May 19, 1975. oppo1·tunities as men. Hon. BILL ALEXANDER, tion programs for the needy, particularly malnourished children abroad, and to assist The major controversy over Title IX is in House of Representatives, developing countries through concessional the area of athletics. While allowing that Wa,shington, D.C. women should receive equal educational op­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN ALEXANDER : I need your sales of food. Her knowledge of the legislation, the shift portunities, many believe that this should help in getting a program started that would not include sports. Although almost all agree be of great benefit to men over 65 years of in supply and demand situations and the in­ teraction of law, food requirements and the that physical activity is necessary for both age. Please advise me as to which govern­ sexes, and that a health body complements mental agency to contact for a grant of poliitical significance of these transactions together with her " .••• intelligence ••• a healthy mind, in the area of sports the $150,000.00 in order that I may make a study male sex has traditionally been afforded a as to• why most men over 65 years of age energy ... and humor have made her an outstanding civil servant." greater chance for physical development. enjoy fishing. It is not unusual that the athletic culture I have the necessary equipment, experience Mrs. Brackett was cited for her work in Latin American programs dealing with of a society reflects the society's normative and qualifications to make such a study. values. Competitive sports require discipline, Results of this study would be used to teach health, nutrition and population. She was instrumental in the development of two im­ leadership, aggressiveness, all traditionally senior citizens how to enjoy life. considered male characteristics. Women are I feel that precedent for such a grant is portant health and nutrition loans made to Colombia and Brazil. The Colombia loan was encouraged to be weak and passive; a high a matter of record. Two examples below: level of achievement in sports is a contradic­ (a) A grant was made in order that a the country's first health sector loan de­ study could be made as to why children signed to provide low-cost preventive health tion of the restrictions of the female role. under two yea.rs of age fall off tricycles. care through outreach clinical services. The Cultural myths have determined what is (b) A grant was made to determine why Brazil loan became a test case to prove 'right' for men and women; by stereotyping people clinch their jaws when angry that health services such as maternal child a whole caste of people, we are limiting their Please advise the proper agency for me care and improved nutrition can be made growth and potential. t o contact for this grant. Then as a member available through low-cost programs. It is true that men and women now differ of congress I am sure that you can coach Under Mrs. Brackett's direction, the in their athletic ability. Height and weight me on the proper strings to pull. Healt h, Nut rition and Population Coordina- are often determinants of athletic skill; t he 20914 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 average man ls more llkely to possess greater and that the regulations should not extend still discussing voting rights ••• still dis­ strength and speed than the average woman; to athletics. cussing women's rights ... still discussing the average woman has greater precision and Mr. Chairman, an economic study at this gay rights. We are still arguing about the agility than her male counterpart. However, time is totally unwarranted. Title IX be­ very fact that never confused our fore­ making decisions based on averages is limit­ came law in 1972; we should delay no longer fathers, and that is that all men-and that ing and ignores the reality that many women in its implementation. Discrimination is a generic term-are created equal. are better athletes than the average man. against a class or caste of people is always We know that until puberty, girl and boy profitable for those that are perpetrating children have roughly the same athletic ca­ the discrimination; slaveowners probably pacity. After this point, there is a significant wanted an economic study of the Emancipa­ difference in their ability in most sports; tion Proclamation. Nevertheless, freeing peo­ MIKVA COMMENDS AMERICAN SO­ however, until we stop punishing girlchildren ple to develop their potential is worth any CIETY OF SAFETY ENGINEERS, for being tomboys and allow their full par­ short-term cost. DISCUSSES SOCIETY'S ANNUAL ticipat ion in scholastic athletics, we will That Title IX rightfully deals with ath­ PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT never know their true capacity as sports­ letics 1s both a legal and a social issue. The CONFERENCE IN DENVER persons. Indeed in the Soviet Union where Title IX clause of the 1972 Education Act femininity is not a premium value, women is almost identical in wording to Title VI athletes are far superior to our own. of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In every HON. ABNER J. MIKVA The blatant discrimination against women court case challenging the boundaries of OF ILLINOIS in intercollegiate athletics must end. Al­ Title VI, it was held that the prohibitions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES though .the Title IX regulations do not call covered evary aspect of an institution re­ for equal aggregate expenditures, I believe ceiving federal aid, not just particular Wednesday, June 25, 1975 that we can achieve a picture of the gross in­ programs. equality that exists by looking at the dif­ Yet the Issue is far more important than Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, a national ference in expenditures in men's and legal precedent. ·women are an integral part not-for-profit professional society, with women's athletics. The average institution of the universities they attend; to limit the headquarters in my district in Illinois, is of higher education in the United States prohibitory effects of Title IX to only those the Nation's oldest safety organization. budgets less than one dollar a year per areas directly receiving federal aid allows It has 13,000 members representing all woman student on sports. Indeed in 1975 the sex discrimination to continue to exist in sectors of the economy. women's total intercollegiate athletic budget many areas of the institution. At a time That organization, the American So­ was only 2 % of the men's total. In the larger when many of our private institutions are "power" schools, discrimination is even more having serious financial difficulties, it is ciety of Safety Engineers, is holding its blatant: for example, Ohio State University especially important that we assure that annual Professional Development Con­ spent 1300 times more for their men's ath­ women will be treated equally in all aspects ference this week in Denver, Colo. Dur­ letic program than for women's sports. of their educational endeavors. ing the 3-day conference, approximately The regulations established by HEW and In this Bicentennial Year, we must re­ 4{)0 of the Nation's top safety profes­ approved by President Ford are necessary dedicate ourselves to the principles on which sionals will gather from all parts of the steps in ending sex discrimination in educa­ our nation was founded. It is also Inter­ country to address a number of modern­ tion. As Secretary Weinberger has stated, national Women's Year in recognition of the day problems and concerns facing the they enhance the opportunity for women significant contributions of women to our while allowing schools the flexibility they history and culture. It is fitting that in this profession. need to keep competitive sports alive. They year we quickly implement the Title IX The American Society of Safety Engi­ are not, as the NCAA would have us believe, regulations and end all sex discrimination neers has been in existence since 1911. a blow to revenue-producing sports nor will in our educational institutions. In this way, Moreover, its membership has doubled they cause the destruction of existing men's we will be taking a necessary step in assuring during the past decade. Today the so­ athletic programs; however, they are a leg­ that women may achieve full social and ciety is the largest organization of pro­ islative mandate for quality athletic pro­ economic equality. fessionals in the field of safety, having a grams for women. Madam Chairlady, I would like to conclude current membership of approximately I believe that much of the controversy my testimony on a persional note. I have over Title IX involves a misunderstanding of served on many college and educational 13,000 individual members. The principal the intent of the regulations. In all areas ex­ boards, including my own two alma maters objective of the society is to enhance the cept contact sports, equal athletic oppor­ of Princeton and Yale. There isn't one of professional knowledge and capability of tunity must be provided for both sexes. As I these educational institutions that could individual safety practitioners, who in noted earlier, Title IX does not require equal exist today without massive federal financial turn will use their competence toward expenditures, although the regulations do assistance, be it in direct form, be it in tui­ the reduction of accidents in all areas of mandate an investigation into a failure to tion payments, be it in tax status, be it in life, including occupational safety and provide necessary funds to one sex. A school dormitories built, be it in roads built, be it the development of safe products. must evaluate whether its athletic program in government grants for physics or other reflects the interests and abilities of both programs. So that the argument that Title Much of the growth of the society has sexes; they must see that supplies, equip­ IX should not cover athletics is patently been simultaneous with the advent of ment, games and practice schedules, coach­ ridiculous because none of these colleges or increasing Government interest in de­ ing time, locker rooms, facilities and training universities could afford an athletic program fining this country's requirements in services provide men and women with an if they didn't receive federal financial assist­ occupational safety and health, con­ equal opportunity to participate in athletics. ance in other areas. sumer product safety, fire safety, and What does this mean? It does not mean A really personal point: four years from that women must be allowed to play on all traffic safety. Congress has recognized September I Will have four children in col­ the on-and-off job safet~· needs of Amer­ male teams. It does mean that if a woman lege, three of them young ladies. I will pay is interested in playing a competitive sport, the same amount to send a daughter to icans and has passed legislation toward and a woman's team in that area does not Princeton as I would a son. Is it fair that I satisfying these needs, including the Oc· exist, she must be a.Uowed to compete for as a father pay the same amount to educate cupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 a position on the team if the school has one of my daughters and yet not have her and the Consumer Product Safety Com­ limited female participation in the past. A receive the same facilities and chances and mission Act. The society has supported school might provide separate teams or one same opportunities? I don't think so. and applauded these congressionaJ team based on competitive ability; in situa­ Just as an amusing sidepoint, I sit on the tions where one team cannot accommodate actions. board of a small school in Westport, Connec­ Mr. Speaker, more than 20 million the interests and abilities of both sexes, ticut, that was all young ladies, kindergarten separate tea.ms should be provided. through high school. The young ladies in injuries associated with .consumer prod­ All contact sports, which are the major the school voted 95 percent in favor of al· ucts occur each year in the United revenue-producing sports, are exempt from lowing the male sex to join them in their States. These are serious injuries re­ these regulations. Women do not have to be hallowed halls. Were we at that point to quiring professional medical help. Of allowed the chance to try out for such games refuse to build a new locker room for the these 20-million-plus injuries, well over as football, basketball and ice hockey, nor boys or refuse to let the boys have basket­ 100,000 result in permanent disability. do comparable sports have to be offered. ball court room, refuse to let the boys have More than 30,000 result in death. The This exception renders the complaints of tennis court room, even though the boys to such organizations as the NCCA meaningless. were less than 10 percent of the school? I cost of these injuries the Nation each The tactics of the large universities and think not. year is approximately $6 billion. athletic organizations have been twofold: It seems absurd to me that in a nation The American Society of Safety Engi­ they have tried to convince the Members dedicated to the Declaration of Independ­ neers is doing its part to combat in­ of Congress that what is needed is an eco­ ence and the constitution and the Bill of juries and promote safety. For example, nomic study of the implications of Title IX Rights, 200 years after our founding we are attendees at the professional develop- June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20915 ment conference in Denver will con­ ing of one of the finest persons ever to BRESLIN ON GUN CONTROL centrate on such diverse topics as serve on a congressional staff, Merrill worker's compensation, fire safety.. noise Winslett af Florida. HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. problems, transportation safety, and Merril came to Washington in 1942 overview of regulatory agency functions, as Administrative Assistant to Congress­ OF NEW JERSEY specialty diSciplines, and product safety man BoB SIKES and moved over to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES programing. Senate side 14 years later to serve in We-dnesdag, Ju e 25, 1975 Some of the speakers at the confer­ that position with our late and beloved Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. Speaker, this ence include Kenneth Pierson, Deputy Florida Senator, Spessard L. Holland. week I had intended to de ote a newslet­ Director of the Bureau of Motor Safety, He and the Senatol' retired with dis­ ter to the subject of gun control. How­ U.S. Department of Transportation; tinction in 1971. ever, Jimmy Breslin's powerful commen­ Malcolm Jensen, president of the Can During his service, Merrill was a lead­ tary entitled "All Because of a Gun" Manufacturers Institute, and former er and a worker. He revived the Congres­ speaks to the issue more e-ff ectively than sional Secretaries Club after the war head of the Bureau of Product Safety; I could hope to. Mr~ Breslin illustrates John A. Pendergrass, president of the years had caused its ranks to decline, the point that similar incidents result­ American Industrial Hygiene Associa­ serving as President of that group. He ing from the unrestricted use of firearms tion; F. Douglas Johnson of the Denver is one of nine persons who have been are reported daily in newspapers across Research Institute; and Edwin A. Gee, honored with a life membership in the the United States. He vividly underscores senior vice president and chairman of 40 years that the club has been in exist­ the need for effective Federal gun con­ the environmental quality committee, ence. trol legislation. A copy of "All Because E. I. duPont de Nemours and Co. In 1970 he received an award from the­ of a Gun" as it appeared in the Wash­ In recent professional development club and Roll Call as the outstanding ington Star of June 24, 1975 follows: stat! member of the Congress. conference programs, the society has ALL BECAUSE OF A GUN covered such subjects as: The role of the Merrill came from Ma1ianna~ Fia. in Jackson County, the area where I grew It is as if once a problem has been de­ safety professional in litigation arising fined, we confer upon. it permanency. Nevel" from OSHA, labor relations as it relates up. He was my friend and loved by the is it to be alter.ed or dissolved; enough that to today's safety professional, stress and members of my staff. He was un:tlappable it has become discovered and debated. its impact on workers, oc.cupational under intense pressure and was known In 1940, in the town o! Terni, in Italy, 70 health research~ research and applica­ for being able to do a hundred things at miles northeast of Rome, there was manu­ tion, loss cost analysis and control. safety once without the appearance of being factured a rifle called the Ma.nnlicher-Car­ motivation, and accident phenomena. hurried. cano, model 91. The Mannlicher-Carcano, Mr. Speaker, the American Society of To his wife, Chrys, might I extend with its small bore and underpowered car­ fostered deepest sympathy from all of us. We are tridges, made a peculiar sound !or a rifle, a Safety Engine.ei·s has the pro­ firecracker sound. One Mannlfcher-Carcano fessional development of its: members all richer for having kno\vn this great made that year lasted through the war and since its founding. It is my understand­ and good man. the years that followed and in 1963 this ing that these professionals have been particular rifle was in America, in the mail in the forefront of essentially all safety to Texas, going to Lee H'arvey Oswald. And advances in the United States during the now the popping sound was heard in the past two-thirds of a century. STATEMENT ON H.R. 6676-CREDIT noon sun in Dallas, and a president•s head In 1969, ASSE conceived and estab­ came apart. USES REPORTlNG ACT It was at this time that- the problem o! lished the separate and independent controlling guns- was raised for the first time Board of Certified Safety Professionals, and defined on a national level. Once recog­ which now has certified more than 4,000 HON. PIERRE S. (PETE) du PONT nized, once explored; always. safety professionals. The designation of From 1963 on, more An-.ericans were killed certified safety professional is granted OF DELAWARE by violence, primarily gunfire, in this country to only those individuals whose profes­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than were killed in the war in Vietnam. In sional safety experience meets a high Weclnesday, June 25, 1975 \Vashington, the arguments rose, subsided. level of established criteria. and who rose again, subsided again. Bullets pierce pass a rigid written examination. Mr. nu PONT~ Mr. Speaker, yesterday fiesh, but are harmless to words. Hearings In the past several years, ASSE has this House defeated the Credit Uses Re­ always hear. Porting Act. l think this was a correct Last WednesdRY. Gerald For~ President of filed a nwnber of official position state­ action and I would like to congratulate the government ot the United States, an­ ments, and made several appearances my colleagues for being able to recognize nounced in a national message on crilne before House and Senate committees on that, "I am unalterabl'y opposed ta federal significant aspects in these subject areas. the nose of a camel when they see it. registration of guns or the licensing or gun Also, workman's compensation, fire This bill was the first step toward the owners. I will oppose any eft'ort to impose safety. transportation safety, and ether Federal Government allocating credit. such requirements as a matrer o! federal We in Washington would eventually policy.~ significant safety areas have received have had control o! the credit markets.. Three days later. of a brilliant morning in concentrated attention from the society. if the reasoning which this bill suggests Washington,. they brought th& bady o! Ber­ Mr. Speaker, I am most pleased and had prevailed.. Even this legislation, in nard Lee Jones into the New Southern. Rock honored to salute the American Society its seemingly innocent categorizing of Baptist Church on Buchanan Street. North­ of Safety Engineers on its achievements credit uses, would have implied what west Washington, in. the country of the and on the occasion for its Professional United States. Jones was a.30-year-old junior uses of credit wer~ deemed proper by Development Conference. To its officers high school teacher. On the night of June the all-knowing Congress. 10, he found s man breaking int<>- his car. and members, I send my warmest con­ I cannot believe that our national in­ .Jones wa.s powerful, a.nd the guy trying ta gratulations and best wishes for contin­ terests are well served by the Congress break into the car toOk the only way- out; ued success. deciding what is a good use and what is He blew Jones' chest open with a. .88. a. bad use of credit. Our system is al­ At the funeral, two of :Bernard .Jones• friends, William Saunders and Hewitt. Brant­ MERRILL WINSLETr HAS PASSED ready plagued by politicization of eco­ ley, stood across the street and waited until AWAY nomic objectives. Our constituents un­ it was time to go inside for the services. The derstand this and if there is one mes­ two men were dressed in fl11e blue suits, the sage they are trying to send us it is that waists pinched, arms folded across chests~ HON. DON FUQUA they do not want additional interfer­ the sleeve material straining its. way acros.s OF FLORmA ence in their lives by a benevolent bu­ great biceps. "Bernard taught at P&ul Junior High, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reaucracy. I happen to believe. that the is than taught black studies," Sa.nnders said. "Oui> Wednesday, June 25. 1975 peoples iudgement better both of the crew e went to sclmcil With. we didn't the bureaucrats and the Congress. I am :figure he'd ever go to college and be a. teach­ Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, it is my sad thankful that in this instance a major­ er." duty to inform the Congress of the pass- ity of my colleagues agreed. Brantley said, "They looked a.t us. theY EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 never figured them two to be policemen. by 16-year-old boys. The shooting upset ter­ ( 1) IN GENERAL.-There is appropriated to That's for sure." ribly the president of the University of Chi­ the Trust Fund, out of amounts in the gen­ "Beautiful fellow, Bernard, always joking," cago, Edward Levi. Levi now is the attorney eral fund of the Treasury attributable to Brantley said. "He loved what he was doin'. gene1·al of the government of the United the collections of the Federal individual in­ The few you save keep you goin'.'' States. He was on television the other day come taxes not otherwise appropriated- "Do they know who did it?" they were defending President Ford's program on gun ( A) for the period beginning January 1, asked. control. 1972, and ending June 30, 1972, $2,650,- "Lookin' for somebody," Saunders said. 000,000; "They know who he is.'' (B) for the period beginning July 1, 1972, Later in the day, police would arrest Daniel GENERAL REVENUE SHARING and ending December 31, 1972, $2,650,000,000; Turnage, a mechanic. (C) for the period beginning January 1, "What kind of gun was used," Saunders 1973, and ending June 30, 1973, $2,987,500,000; was asked. HON. JOHN W. WYDLER (D) for the fiscal year beginning July 1, "Thirty-eight. OF NEW YORK 1973, $6,050,000,000; "No Saturday Night Special,'' Brantley (E) for the fiscal year beginning July 1, said. IN. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1974, $6,200,000,000; "Lot of guns around here?" they were Wednesday, June 25, 1975 (F) for the fiscal year beginning July 1, asked. 1975, $6,350,000,000; [and] '"What town you say you live in?" Saunders Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, the gen­ [ (G) for the period beginning July 1, 1976, said. eral revenue sharing program which the and ending December 31, 1976, $3,325,000,- "A place where they get a lot of guns." 92d Congress passed in 1972 has pro­ 000.] "Then you live in a place like Washing­ duced a means by which substantial new "(G) for the period beginning Jiily 1, 1976, ton." vitality has been injected into State and ancl ending September 30, 1976, $1,625,000,- "Do you think you could do anything about local government. 000: guns?" Saunders was asked­ (H) for the fiscal year beginning October 1, "Sure." The Subcommittee on Intergovern­ 1976, $6,537,500,000; "How?" mental Relations and Human Resources (I) for the fiscal year beginning October 1, "We'd take 'em off the street. But you got of the Government Operations Commit­ 1977, $6,687,500,000; to stop manufacturing them. What good is tee will in all likelihood hold hearings (J) for the fiscal year beginning October 1, sayin' you want gun control if you don't on this proposal shortly after the Labor 1978, .~6,837,500,000,· stop manufacturing them? Shippin' them Day recess. As part of our effort to keep (K) for the fiscal year beginning October 1, around, mailin' them." 1979, $6,987,500,000; Brantley said, "You just make one big the Congress fully informed on the var­ (L) for the fiscal year beginning October 1, wheel if you don't stop manufacturing them. ious aspects of revenue sharing, I am 1980, $7,137,500,000; and You take 'em out, they keep puttin' •em back today including in the RECORD, a com­ (M) for the fiscal year beginning October 1, in." parison of the proposed extension of 1981, $7,287,500,000." "Why do people have guns?" general revenue sharing with the ex­ (2) NONCONTIGUOUS STATES ADJUSTMENT "K111 somebody with." isting law: AMOUNTS.-There is appropriated to the Across the street, the light brown coffin Trust Fund, out of amounts in the general was going up the stairs into the church. The COMPARATIVE TYPE SHOWING CHANGES IN funds of the Treasury attributable to the two men walked across the street and got EXISTING LAW MADE BY PROPOSED BILL collections of the Federal individual income onto the line of mourners, a large, magnifi­ Changes in existing law made by the p1·0- taxes not otherwise appropriated- cent group, walking slowly in the sun, two posed bill are shown as follows (existing (A) for the period beginning January 1, by two, the old faces pushed in by life, the law proposed to be omitted is enclosed 1972, and ending June 30, 1972, $2,390,000; eyes so full of the knowing of the occasion, in brackets; new matter is italic) : Sections (B) for the period beginning July 1, 1972, the younger men with strong chins coming 102, 105, 107, 108, 109, 121, 122, 123 and and ending December 31, 1972, $2,390,000; out-Bernard Jones played high school and 141 of the State and Local Fiscal Assistance (C) for the period beginning January 1, college football and most of his friends are Act of 1972 (31 u.s.c. Supp. 1221, 1224, 1973, and ending June 30, 1973, $2,390,000; large. Many of the women wore straw hats 1226, 1227, 1228, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1261) (D) for each of the fiscal years beginning and held handkerchiefs in their hands. In­ SEC. 102. PAYMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL July 1, 1973, July 1, 1974, and July 1, 1975, side the church a choir of women began sing­ GOVERNMENTS $4,780,000; (and] ing, bosoms heaving under black dresses, [ (E) for the period beginning July l, 1976, great Southern tones tearing at the crowd, and ending December 31, 1976, $2,390,000; l bringing forth from them the first moans of Except as otherwise provided in this title, (E) for the period beginning July 1, 1976, the long day. Suffering is the art of the poor. the Secretary shall, for each entitlement and ending September 30, 1976, $1,195,000; A member of the Paul Junior High School period, pay out of the Trust Fund to- (F) for each of the fiscal years beginning faculty spoke. Then Jimmie Dougan, a friend ( 1) each State government a total amount October 1, 1976, October 1, 1977, October 1, of Bernard Jones, walked down the aisle, equal to the entitlement of such State gov­ 1978, October 1, 1979, October 1, 1980, ancl faced the crowded church, and sang "Keep ernment determined under section 107 fl population of that tribe or village within 0:1' NEW YORK place for some humor and good fun, I found that coun.ty area. bears to the population o! IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that in preparing for thfs address my own that county area.. If this paragraph appUes mood quickly changed from one o:r light­ with respe.ct to any county area for any en­ Wednesday~ Juize 25, 1975 hearted considera.tion to one- or very ;:;ember titlement period, the amonn.t. to be allocated Mr. HORTON. Mr~ Speaker, r rise to concern. Consequently, tl'le bum.or will be under parag:n.ph (1) shall he appropriately join with my distinguished colleague on left to. others. :r will address myself to the reduced to reflect the amount allocated un­ the Government Operations Committee, very fundamental concept CIC "survival"­ der the preceding sentence. I! the entitle­ survival of the economic- institutions and ment of any such tribe or village ls waived JOHN WYDLER~ in COSPoD.S<>rship of the practices which have made this nation the :for any entitlement period by the governing reenactment proposal for general rev­ envy of the world because they have provided bod:V of. that tribe or village, then the [pro­ enue sharing. for the vast majority of Americans more in­ Vlsions of t:h1s. paragraph shall not appll Smee that proposal was originally en­ dividual freedom of choice, and the highest With respect to the amount of such entitle­ acted. towns. cities. counties. and States individual standards of llving known in his­ ment; for s.uch period}ammmt of such e-rr­ have received over $19.5 billion in as­ tory in terms of education, health, wealth tltleme:rrt s-ltall (in lieu of being paid. to such, sistance. The basic no-strings-attached and general welfare. unit) Ile adaecl to, an:d shall become a part formula of general revenue sharing has My concern for survival oi these institu­ of, "th.e entitlement of the county govern­ generated new life into the federal sys­ tions, practices, a.nd indeed our extremely ment af the cmmty area in which such unit high degree of individual political and eco­ is Zocat-ed. tem. nomic freedom, ls based on the increasing General revenue sharing has created lack of esteem which an apparently increas­ 6} ENTITLEMENT.- some criticisms as any new program will. ing number of Americans hold for them. (A) IN GENERAL.-Except as otherwise pro­ But as many major daily newspapers Over the past decade, we ha.ve seen an vided in this paragraph, the entitlement of have pointed out in the past few months. alarming and perilous decline in public con­ any unit of local government for any en­ including the Washington Post and the fidence in our major institutions, which is titlement period shall be the amount allo­ Star, revenue sharing has been a pro­ now verging on outright contempt. It is my cated to such unit under this subsection ductive program. belief that this public contempt, rather than (a!ter taking into account any applicable having been developed intentionally, has in­ modification under subsection (c)). There are Portions of the program stead come about due to a- fl.mdamentaI lack (B) MAxIMUM AND MINIMUM PER CAPITA which need close scrutiny. The formula of understanding by the public of how our ENTITLEMENT.-SubJect to the provisions of for distribution of the funds, the needs American system works, and particularly a. subparag;raphs (C} and (D), the per capita of the recipient communities. and pub­ lack of understanding of how the eco~omic amount allocated to any county area or any lic participation in the Sta.te and local elements of the system work to provide each unit of local government (other than a decisionmaldng process on the manner American with the greatest possible ciegr€e county government) within a State under in which the funds are spent are but ol lndividual economic as well as political this section for any entitlement period shall and social freedom. not be less than 20 percent, nor more than three of these areas. As representatives of the American busi­ 145 percent, of two-thirds of the amount al­ However, revenue sharing must be ness community and the private sector of located to the State under section 106, di­ continued and this Congress can make a American life, we should be the principal vided by the population of that State. Be­ lasting contribution to the stability of guardians of individual freedoms. I believe ginning with the entitlement period that our :federal system by prompt reenact­ we must bear the lion's share o! the blame, aegins July 1, 1976, the maxi111:um constraint ment of the program. 1! not all of it, for the pot-entially disas- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 terous decline in the public's opinion of opinion, whether it is due all or in part to in­ More seriously, consider the fact that nea1·­ our economic institutions. adequate economic education, directly effects ly 350 foundries in this country have been When a ball team is having difficulties, the business community, and ultimately closed in tlie past three years because they an outstanding coach will nearly always get every individual because it applies equally could not meet EPA or OSHA standards. his team back to concentration on funda­ as well to our other social and political in­ These were smaller foundries, and as a result, mentals, and even a winning coach will stitutions. The result of the low public opin­ the larger foundries are working at capacity have his team spend considerable time on ion of our institutions is a.n increasingly without being able to meet demand, includ~ fundamentals. Perhaps we in this country over-governed, over-regulated society. ing demand for castings for M-60 tanks. Is have lost track of the economic fundamen­ Reflecting this low public opinion of our it possible that EPA or OSHA considered the tals that make our system work, and which economic institutions in general and business loss of jobs in a period of increasing un­ underlie our social and political freedoms. in particular are the 94th Congress of the employment? Or national defense? It would While I would be one of the last to ever United States, many State Legislatures, par­ not appear so. be accused of being a Marxist, Karl Marx ticularly in the West, and many executive Further examples of the cost and confu• did strongly believe in "economic determin­ and administrative branches. of government sion of over-regulated business could fill vol­ ism," and I share that belief. One of the at federal, state and local levels. umes, but suffice it to say that the consumer basic tenets of the Judeo-Christian faith Congress is now overwhelmingly anti­ and the public are paying for this kind of is that "man lives not by bread alone"­ business; the majority of its members believe "protection," not only in terms of the $4 bil­ yet try him without it! that profits and free enterprise are dirty lion dollars to operate the regulatory agen­ The result of economic deprivation words, and that government should "reallo­ cies, but also in terms of the lack of increas­ throughout history bas been the establish­ cate" wealth. The recent repeal of the oil · ing economic productivity, the lack of new ment of anarchy, fascism or other political depletion allowance, as an example, will cost products, the lack of new processes and the systems which deny individual freedom, and the oil industry, and ultimately the con­ lack of lower coots. subject nearly all activities of the great sumer, if the industry is to develop the new This litany of over-governing and over­ majority of people to state control. Cer­ energy resources needed by the country, in regulation of business and individuals is be­ tainly, our government is supposed to be excess o: $2 billion annually in increased ing repeated across the country at state and "by, of and for the people." Yet we see dra­ taxes. local levels. There is in fact a pollution of matic increases in governmental interven­ Federal land use legislation (H.R. 3510 the economic environment by government, tion in all areas of our personal and busi­ and S. 984) would allow the federal govern­ initially in response to its interpretation of ness lives. ment to weave its own land management web public opinion, and subsequently by the One of the early and most historically re­ and to supercede all state planning and lo­ over-zealousness, shortsightedness and in­ markable commitments of this country was cal zoning. Business decisions with respect efficiency of regulatory bureaucracies. the commitment to the education of its to plant sitings would be decided by a new Here in Colorado, the current Governor, people. Today, as it bas been for many, many federal agency. The proposed Agency for Con­ with considerable legislative support, pro­ decades, the largest single expenditure of sumer Advocacy would have the power to poses a program which could well lead to a state and local tax funds is in the field intervene in all regulatory matters as the serious deterioration of the economic climate of education. Yet basic economic education "consumer's voice," and its additional at­ in the State. An increase in state income has been and continues to be woefully in­ tendant bureaucracy would cost another $60 taxes on business of "only 2¥2 %" was pro­ adequate, particularly at elementary and million over the next three years, to say posed, but simple math says that an increase secondary levels, but also at the college nothing of the cost to business and the con­ from 5% to 7¥2 % is a 50% increase! Vir­ level. Consequently, it should be a surprise sumer in responding to its dictates. tually wherever there has been an economic to no one that we have now educated, very So-called "tax reform" is one of the more interest. the Governor and many legislators well, many generations of economic illiter­ popular cries in the new Congress, and vir­ have opposed rather than supported it, in­ ates. tually every proposed bill is aimed in part cluding development of the Beaver Creek Ski The situation becomes even more woeful at repeal of incentives for capital forma­ Area, development of coal and oil shale re­ when we realize that the halls of our federal tion. Restrictions on the rights of states to serves, construction of the Two Forks Dam, Congress, our state legislatures, and · local charter corporations without federal · ap­ and development of the proposed Interstate governments have become increasingly pop­ proval are being proposed, as are further re­ Highway 470. ulated by those whose economic illiteracy strictions against business combinations. In Yet employment in every sector of the appears to be at an astounding level. Our short, Congress is taking vita.I decision mak­ State's economy, except the governmental· politicians should be absolutely required to ing powers away from business managers and sector, is declining. Unless this governmental do two things befor-e entering our legisla­ owners at an alarmingly accelerating pace, trend of opposition to the economic needs tures: first, they should be required to have and putting it in the hands of growing fed­ of the state can be reversed, there will be taken an introductory course in fundamen­ eral bureaucracies of inspectors, regulators an inevitable decline in state revenues and tal American economics; and second (with­ and officials. the so-called "quality of life" in the State, out trying to be facetious) they should be T.hese bureaucracies now determine in accompanied by further increases in unem­ required to have passed the course. large part bow business hires people, the ployment. While it may be reasonably accurate to products it makes and how they are made, Perhaps the concept of unemployment criticize a majority of legislators for appar­ personnel practices, production methods, leads to the heart of the need for a health'y ent economic illitera.cy, it may be an erro1· to sales and pricing practices, financing meth­ economic climate, for sensible economic expect that the primary goal of legislators is ods, etc. In fact, there is now very llttle that growth, and for adequate business profits. to do what is economically best for the coun­ business management does that is not closely Again, using Colorado as a reference, there controlled or influenced by one or more are approximately 335,000 young people cur­ try. Because legislators seek mainly to max­ federal agencies. The direct cost to the pub­ imize their chances of getting into and re­ rently residing in this state between the lic of supporting all the existing federal ages of 10 and 19, most of whom presently maining in office, they may well do things agencies that regulate business ls $4 billion that are not in accord with economic im­ are attending state and local educational a year. institutions. Taking into consideration de­ peratives, or with simple economic "horse­ Often the regulations of one federal agency sense," for that matter. This is not a cynical partures from the state's work force due to are in confiict with those of another, and retirement or other reasons, and migration statement, nor is it intended to cast doubt some of the examples are extremely frustrat­ on the integrity and courage of legislators, from the State by some of our youth, there ing. If coal is desulfurized to reduce air pol­ is .very conservatively a need to create an for a legislator who does not get re-elected lution, a combination with lime is required. certainly cannot do any good in the legis­ average of 20,000 new jobs each year for the When that is done, large amounts of calcium next ten years to accommodate our young lature, and he may be replaced by someone sulfate are created and disposing of it cre­ whom he believes is worse. people as they complete their formal educa­ ates water pollution problems. tion. Furthermore, it is difficult if not impos­ The Environmental Protection Agency hung sible for an individual legislator to do any­ Earlier, I said that the largest single ex­ itself on its own petard when it mandated penditure of state and local funds was for thing effectively that is in opposition to a installation of catalytic converters by the large majority of his legislative peers. If his education. The underlying purpose of that automobile industry, only to find later that education is to prepare young people to take <>pposition leads to his defeat in an election, the converter may cause more harmful pol­ a meaningful and self-sufficient role in so­ then the public has gained nothing, and he lution than it eliminates. The EPA got into ciety as adults, and that means in large has lost a great deal. For this reason, econom­ the trap in part because it failed to make measure, gainful and meaningful employ­ ic illiteracy may not often be the sole ex­ its own environmental impact statement. ment. This employment needs to be in the planation of a legislator's actions. Finally, it The Occupational Health and Safety Ad­ private sector where it is "tax producing," is not rea,sona.ble to expect a. legislator to vote ministration once said that women should rather than in the public sector where it is against the opinions of any appreciable num­ have special lounge facilities as part of their "tax consuming." The U.S. Department of ber of his constituents, as he sees them to i·estrooms, but their rules got in the way of Commerce reports that creation of one new be. the Equal Employment Opportunity Com­ nianufacturip.g job requires an average cap­ Herein lies the problem. mission which said that if something is ital investment of $25,000 for plant and An apparently large segment of the Amer­ needed for wo1nen, it is also needed for men. equipment. If all the new jobs required for ican public's opinion of our economic sys­ Pity the poor manager who had to build our young people were to be in manufactur­ tem is at an all time low. This low public employee facilities during this conflict. ing, then $500 million in new capital invest- June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20919 ment will be required for each of the next analysis by . Allan c. Brownfeld, in a " . . . Can any reformer of the giant cor­ ten years. If only 25% of the new jobs are pamphlet prepared for the U.S. Indus­ poration tell us how it's possible to put that in manufacturing, then $125,000,000 in new trial Council Educational Foundation. · institution in the hands of the people with­ capital will be required each year. Over the out taking it out of the hands of the wealthy ten year period, between $1 %, billion and $5 I commend Mr. Brownfeld's analysis few that control it? Make no mistake about billion will be required in Colorado alone to to the attention of my colleagues: it! This was the same dilemma that faced create new jobs for young people who are . THE PBC; DISTORTING HISTORY the moderate reformers at the Continental already residents of the state. While the American Revolution· Bicenten­ Convention in 1776. They advocated power This situation is analoguous to that ex­ nial Commission prepares for 1976, another to the people and the preservation of the isting nationwide, as well as in every state, organization, which proclaims itself "The monarchy at the same time. The fallacy of and the only source of the necessary capital People;s Bicentennial Commission," is pre­ t heir position seems self-evident· in perspec­ funds are profits from business. Yet profits, paring for its own-and quite different-­ t ive. Yet, there are some among us today though seemingly large, have been shrinking commemoration of the 200th anniversary who hold the same position in regard to the steadily as a share of national income since of the American Revolution. business corporation ..." 1950. The founder and head of this private or­ Thus, the PBC mocks even those who The economic growth rate in the United ganization, founded in 1971 in opposition would reform the current An1erican system States has been the lowest of all industrial­ to the gove_rnment's bicentennial plans, is of freedom and free enterprise. Only total ized countries since 1963, and improvements Jeremy Rifkin. A self-proclaimed socialist ove1·throw is appropriate for these "heirs" of in worker productivity have also been the revolutionary, Rifkin makes no attempt to the revolutionary tradition of 1776. lowest of all industrialized countries. The conceal the purposes of his group. He states This Mr. Rifkin sets forth in his New Amer­ reason is that this country puts much less that, "I imagine those people at the White i can Movement article: "The left must take of its national income back into growth in House feel a little uncertain playing around up this challenge and turn the Bicentennial the economy through investment of capital with such a revolutionary thing as celebrat­ Celebration into a. campaign designed to funds. The source of those needed capital ing America's 200th birthday. We think real create a mass revolutionary consciousness in funds is business profits, and without profits revolutionaries ought to be in charge... " t une with the revolutionary legacy of 1776 .. . there will not be sufficient capital funds Declaring that his goal for America's "sec­ A Genuine understanding of revolutionary to create new jobs, to clean the air and ond revolution" is an end to free enterprise ideals links Thomas Paine, Sam Adams, and water, to develop alternative fuel sources, and the introduction of a socialist economy, Benjamin Rush and the American people and to meet other national needs. . Rifkin declares that, "We want to democ­ with Lenin, Mao, Che Guevara, and the In conclusion, we are living in an eco­ ratize the economy just as the founders struggle of all oppressed people in the nomic and political climate which is becom­ democratized the government." Simon and world." ing increasingly "polluted." The lack of pub­ Schuster is scheduled to publish nine books Among the sections listed in the "Syllabus lic understanding of fundamental economics for the Peoples Bicentennial Commi8sion. and Study Guide To The American Revolu­ and the workings of the free enterprise sys­ The second in the series, called Common tion" distributed by the PBC is The Marxist tem has created an over-governed and over­ Sense II, states that, "The basic goal of a Interpretation Of The American Revolution. regulated society wherein individual free­ democratic economy should be a nation of The first book listed in this section is a vol­ do~, along with business freedoms, are decentralized economic enterprises with the ume written by Herbert Aptheker, long-time being eroded to the extent that this nation's ownership and control being shared jointly Communist Party theoretician. ability to meet its great needs, without by the workers in the plants and by the local Rifkin and his colleagues understand that sacrificing the free enterprise system that community in which they operate." revolutionary propaganda must be presented has provided so much for so many, is in The PBC claims that 935 radio stations to the American people with a patriotic ve­ doubt. have promised to broadcast one-minute spots neer, so as not to frighten them away. He If this problem is to be solved, and it can and 120 television stations have agreed to notes that, "The New Left must be willing be, then certainly fundamental economic show a similar series of bicentennial observ­ .to meet people where they are, rather than education must be undertaken on the broad­ ances. At this time, PBC, with a few small where they would like them to be. The left est possible scale. The business and economic grants, ,fees from speaking engagements and movement's character has become increas­ community must recognize that adverse pub­ profits from educational materials, claims to ingly strange and at times even frightening lic opinion is the root of the problem, not operate on approximately $200,000 a year. to many Americans. Most people perceive malevolently ignorant legislators, and we While Jeremy Rifkin's recent public state­ little or nothing in common with the New must understand how, where, and by whom Left." this public opinion is formed. Objective re­ ments have toned down the long-run radi­ cal goals of the PBC, his earlier efforts to get It is the thesis of the PBC organizers that search, scholarship and high quality educa­ the left must stop frightening people and tion which can effectively challenge this fellow leftists to assist him in putting the program together make his real goals quite that the present economic and political dif­ prevailing, adverse public opinion must be ficulties facing the nation provide an excel­ supported. It continues to amaze me that we clear. Writing in The New American Movement, lent opportunity for planting radical ideas fail to discriminate in our financial support and programs. To do so effectively, Rifkin between organizations, institutions and in­ published in Cleveland, Ohio, Rifkin de­ clared that, " ... it makes no se11se for the believes, the left must play on the heritage dividuals that are part of the problem, and and symbols "to which the great majority tb'.'Ose that possess the potential for doing New Left to allow the defenders of the sys­ tem the advantage of presenting themselves of Americans can respond," and that it must something about the problem. This practice do so in terms which will not drive people must change. We must . recognize that the as the true heirs and defenders of the Ameri­ can revolutionary tradition. Instead, the away. He states that, "If the New Left hopes problem cannot be resolved in the two year to engage this new consciousness and give it span between congressional elections and revolutionary heritage must be used as a tactical weapon to isolate the existing insti­ positive direction through political struggle, it may take decades or even generation~. our it must ... build on the base erected in the future and the future of generations to come tutions and those in power by constantly focusing public attention on their inability revolution of 1776 and refurbished in the depend on it. successive dramas of the more affirmative Thank yol,1. to translate our revolutionary dreams into reality." periods in American history." In the packet distributed by the PBC, It is not only capitalism which is the tar­ modern businessmen are equated with the get of the PBC. All forms of authority are Tories of the colonial period and with the open to challenge, particularly the schools. In PEOPLE'S BICENTENNIAL COMMIS­ King against which the American colonies a tabloid entitled Student And Teacher Pro­ SION: MARXIST DISTORTERS OF declared independence. "Corporate Tyran­ grams For A Peoples Bicentennial, the Amer­ HISTORY ny-200 Years After King George," one pam­ ~can educational system comes under serious phlet states. "Substitute the business cor­ attack. Students are urged to fo1·m their own porations for the monarchy, the handful of "Peoples Bicentennial Commissions" on the weal thy stockholders for the landed aristo­ ~chool grounds, or on the campuses, and to HON. LARRY McDONALD crats, and the citizens for the subjects, and make common sense of their grievances OF GEORGIA the effect is the same." known to fellow students and the commu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The packet distributed by the PBC consists nity by issuing their Declaration of Student of five, well-written tabloid-sized pamphlets. Independence. They a.re told to read the orig­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 Each is decorated with authentic 1776 mem­ inal Declaration, and to talk about its lan­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. orabilia, and a set of supporting material­ guage: Speaker, the People's Bicentennial Com­ leafiets, brochures, buttons, and a poster. "Is your school, like King George's empire, mission-PBC-a revolutionary Marxist While the material looks outwardly patri­ destructive of your rights as human beings? otic, the message within is clearly one which Are your grievances similar to those of 1776- ~ropag~nda organization attempting to calls for a "new" and "radical" American has your school's administration refused to mdoctrmate the American people with Revolution. The PBC's monthly publication, institute any rules 'wholesome and necessary a warped version of the political phi­ called Common Sense, makes this abundant­ for the public good' such as freedom of press losophy of our Founding Fathers has ly clear. The April, 1974 issue, for example, and assembly for students? When students been subjected to a clear and detailed includes the following: are suspended are they deprived 'of the Bene- 20920 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 fits of Trial by Jury?"; has your school an­ fought not to overturn the social, economic War of Independence from a foreign tyranny, swered your demand for democratization of and political structure of the colonies but, not an internal class or social revolution." your education only by repeated injury?" quite to the contrary, was fought in opposi­ The latter is precisely what the leaders of the The students are urged to ask themselves tion to the illegal acts of the British Crown. PBC are attempting to bring about. questions of this kind, then to get together It was, as historians· have long since under­ Mr. Lyons noted that the American Revo­ and draw up a document that follows the stood, a war for independence. No matter lution "was led, and its purposes were ar­ original form and pre.sent it to the student how history is turned upside down by the ticulated, by men deeply committed to law body. The:re follows a fully articulated "Stu­ PBC, it cannot avoid this reality. .and reason and religious concepts. The col­ dent Declaration," demanding that the Fortunately, a number of individuals have onists were defending established rights school be run in accordance with student observed the activities of the PBC and have against the encroachments of a dictatorial desires, including the hiring and firing of been vocal in pointing out the dangers in­ power overseas." And he notes that, "In Eng­ teachers, the formulation of curricular plans, herent in them. In an analysis entitled The land itself, the.American action had the sup­ and the malting of rules. Otherwise, in the Destructive Program, Of The Peoples Bicen­ port of conservatives like Edmund Burke, conclusion, the signing students pledge tennial Commission, Francis M. Watson, Jr., what we would now call 'men of the right,' themselves to: " . .. right these wrongs, to who directs the activities of Media Research, rather than far-.out innovators. The Ameri­ take control of our lives and our education, notes that, "The PBC is designed to •train' cans were not radicals and their revolution and, as patriots proclaimed in 1776, to •use people in the arts of dissent and protest who had nothing in common with the revolu­ every method in our power to secure these have never tried a hand at them before. And tions of the present -epoch or, for that mat­ rights.' " the program can be expected to exacerbate ter, with the extremism of the French Revo­ In the pamphlet entitled Community Pro­ the country's problems and then put them lution in their own epoch.'' gram for a People's Bieentenni al, this state­ to radical u ses . . . The PBC poses itself It is essential that the People's Bicenten­ ment appears: "The Russians have the Com­ as a 'nationwide citizen organization dedi­ nial Commission not succeed in distorting munist Manifesto, the Chinese have the cated to restoring the democratic principles the meaning of the American Revolution. quotations of .Chairman Mao. Do Americans that shaped the birth of this republic.' In The best way to prevent its success is to have a political document to lean on for act ual fact, it is a propaganda and organiz~ make clear what its real goals and purposes guidance?" Later on, in a supplement to ing tool of a small group of political extrem~ are--goals and purposes which have been Common Sense, the PBC challenges the idea ists who seek to use the bicentennial to fur~ cleverly submerged by Mr. Rifkin and his that the American Revolution was in any ther their own goals." supporters. sense different from the revolutions which Mr. Watson points out that, "Under the In a recent talk, Jeremy Rifkin stated that, brought Napoleon to power in France, Lenfu guise of the noblest of patriotic claims, the "I believe today is similar to the days oi to power in the Soviet Union and Mao-Tse­ PBC seeks to promote dissatisfactions and George III. We have a Tory government. If Tung to power in China. In fact, the Nation­ divisions among broad segments of the pop­ they (ARBC) don't feel revolution in their al Observer is sharply ta.ken to task for con­ ulation. Methodically, they seek to discredit gut, how are they going to celebrate it.?" tending tbat" the Anrerican uprising of the each of the traditions and institutions of the Mr. Rifkin conveniently forgets that what­ late 1770s was completely different from the existing political and economic system and ever the nature of our current government­ revolutions that brought Napoleon and Lenin to encourage the citizenry to demand the and Americans are free to agree or disagree to power." The Observer is denounced as be­ bit-by-bit substitution of those of a socialist with its policies-it has been elected by us, ing "anti-American" for "insisting that the state. Their program is extremely wen and ca.n be removed by us. The colonists ob­ founders could not have meant what they thought out, and it is subtle. It has fooled je_cted to taxation without .representation. said," and the {Juestion tllil newspaper posea quite a number of honest and well-meaning Whatever the merits or demerlts of their is never dealt with. people and organizations, and has garnered decision-making, today's legislators are In the PBC volume, The Bicentennial Er a, encouragement and :financial support from elected by the people. What Mr. Rifkin really 1t is said that as the Revolut ion of 1776 was some most unlikely sources . . ." objects to is that the will of the majority launched by the ringing language of griev­ The U.S. Chamber of Commerce has pub­ is one in behalf of freedom and free enter­ ances a.galnst the British Crown, "so today lished two articles-one in Nation' s Business, prise, and rejects his own values of statist unmet grievances against our governmental, the other in The Voice Of Business-warn­ control over all aspects of society. The kind of economic and social inst itut ions compel us ing the business community about the PBC. "revolution" he is urging sounds much more to la.unch a new struggle . . . the next act Writing in the latter publication, Arch like the kinds of -coups we read about .in in the drama of the American Revolution." Booth, executive vice president of the U.S. Latin America and in Africa than it does a Among those grievances listed are, "The Chamber, referred to the PBC as "A worm in recreation of 1776. government's policy of genocide in South­ the Bicentennial Apple." He described the east Asia~ .. Two hundred huge corpora­ PBC packet of student-teacher study guides tions dominate the American economy and a;nd community action plans as "propaganda the Government, manlpulate the tax struc­ skillful as any I've seen." THE LIQUOR INDUSTRY'S "ADOPTED ture to their advantage, and engineer the Similarly, the publication, America's Fu­ CHILDREN" ARE REHABILITATED very patterns -0f American life . . . The ture, points out that, "At the base of the AT "FATHER MURRAY'S HIGH­ frustration and bitterness of millions of PBC campa,ign is the continuing propaganda working people, who see the fruits of thelr gimmick of trying to equate the American FLYING RANCH FOR BOYS" exhaustive labor syphoned off into the cof­ Revolution with modern revolutionary move­ fers of the very rich . . ." ments. This is especially serious-indeed Ameriea.n students reading the literature could even be called vicious since it is so HON. EDWA D J. PATTEN of the PBC would not suspect tha.t, under false-because it is aimed primarily at OF NEW JERSEY their own free enterprise economy, men and schools, colleges, students and teachers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES women have the highest standard of living They are particularly susceptible to this in the world. ™Y would not have even the falsehood because under modern educational Wednesday, June 25, 1975 slightest inkling that Communist aggression methods so many of them are so deficient in Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, recently I was the cause of the war in Vietnam, and American history and specifically in the facts that similar aggression has ma.de itself surrounding the men and events of the 1776 was visited by a delegation of liquor li­ known in recent yea.rs in Korea, in Cuba, in Revolution. This leftist campaign, in reality, censees who brought to my attention the Hungary, in Czechoslovakia, and in a host of ls a brazen hoax to equate the airs, strategy work being done by Sky Ranch for Boys, other countries. According to the PBC it is and activities of our modern leftists with the a rehabilitation center for delinquent America which is the source of evil in the men and the movement that brought about boys funded solely by the liquor industry. world and, because of this fact, a "new revo­ American independence and culminated in Over the years I have heard a great lution" is desperately needed. the promulgation of our great Charter of deal of criticism of the liquor industry, The Bicentennial Era lists the "great Freedom: the Constitution of the United some of it delivered in this chamber, and Americans" who "popularized our Revolu­ States. Yet despite the evidence offered by tionary deeds.'' Included on the list are radi­ any number of distinguished writers and his­ I feel it is time that the good works per­ cals such as Eugene V. Debs, A. J. Muste and torians, the hoax goes on being perpetrated." formed by the liquor industry be brought w. E. B. Du Bois. No mention is made of Some time ago the distinguished editor, to the attention of my colleagues and to George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Eugene Lyons, pointed out that, "It is silly the public at large. Alexander Hamilton, John Ada.ms, or other and mischievous to equate the American The liquor retailers who visited me men long revered as "Founding Fathers." Revolution with other varieties-with those were members of the New Jersey Licensed Perhaps the fact that they believed that the in Russia and China and Cuba, for instance. Beverage Association, my State's affiliate primary function of government was to pro­ And it is grotesque to suggest, as so many of the National Licensed Beverage As­ tect the freedom and property rights of the are doing, some true affinity between the re­ sociation-NLBA. NLBA represents ap­ indlvidual and not to use the state as a sponsible conduct of the 13 American colo­ proximately 38,000 liquor retailers from means of enforcing l\ social policy of con­ nies in 1776" and the objectives or today's formity and egalitarianism makes them un­ revolutionaries. He said that, "The analogies coast to coast, and has been in the fore­ acceptable to Mr. Rifkin and his colleagues. happen to be utterly false ... The American front of support for Sky Ranch for Boys. The American Revolution, however, was Revolution was essentially conservative-a I would like to introduce into the REc- June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20921 have furnished horses and cattle, and those ORD an article which recently appeared The idea of helping boys by teaching them about the land and the sky actually goes in California, farm equipment. The National in "Signature," the magazine for Diners back to the early days of Father Murray's Licensed Beverage Association donates 5 per­ Club members, which tells of the great priesthood. After his first assignment in cent of its annual convention registration work being accomplished by Father Don Draper, S.D., he was transferred to Buffalo, fee-about $6,000 a year. Murray at Sky Ranch for Boys; work near the present location of Sky Ranch and Thanks to the help of the foundation, the made possible by members of the Nation­ within sight of the famous Black Hills. That ranch has achieved some remarkable indi­ al Licensed Beverage Association and tiny outpost in t~•e wide-open prairies coun­ vidual success stories. other segments of the liquor industry: try was the site of a regional high school, An early Sky Ranch alumnus is now a phy­ whose students came from as far as 100 miles sician in a neighboring town. Another is FATHER MURRAY'S HIGH FLYING RANCH FOR away. At the request of district parents, studying law. At lea,5t eight others are cur­ BOYS Father Murray established a dormitory in the rently in college, one on scholarship at the The small airplane hung in tbe wide slty rectory. Then, because he had the only juve­ University of South Dakota, where he is a above the South Dakota prairie. A Catholic nile facility for miles, he was soon called sprint record-holder. The priest is just as priest in clerical garb sat at the controls. In upon to house delinquents, orphans and pleased with some who've made less of a the passenger's seat slouched a sullen teen­ runaways as well. In time the students' splash. "Most of our boys don't make the aged boy, eyes hooded, mouth taut. parents protested, but Father Murray felt newspapers or TV," the priest says. "They Father Don Murray of Sky Ranch for Boys the troubled kids needed him most, and just make a quiet mark on their commu­ had tried every method he could think of opted for a rehabilitation center. nities." to "reach" the youth, who had been remand­ From the first, it was a struggle, and Sky Most of the boys are city-bred and they ed to the priest's custody after repeatedly Ranch might not have survived if the coun­ come from all over the country including running away from home. But an arm around try's liquo:· distillers, wholesalers and retail­ Alaska. They include whites, blacks, Puerto his shoulders only caused him to wrench ers hadn't unexpectedly come to the rescue. Ricans, Chicanos and Sioux. Sent by local away and snarl, "I don't need your help." With the blessing of his bishop, Father Mur­ juvenile courts or welfare authorities, they Now the "Flying Padre," who had won his ray rented a small ranch, housing nine boys, usually stay until the court and agency con­ nickname because he served his first pas­ but quickly discovered he could hardly buy sider them rehabilitated. Father Murray asks torate by airplane, was playing a final card. groceries without begging for funds. Just to for two years-"the first to get them started Maybe if he introduced the boy to flying, the manage the rent each month was a scramble. on the right kind of life, the second to make thrill would break his shell. But this, too, Fortunately, one of the boys was the son it habitual." seemed a vain hope. The boy went listlessly of an official of tl•e South Dakota Retail It's not an easy life for the Slty Ranchers. through the motions. Liquor Dealers Association (An affiliate of Besides the traditional boys' school chores of Then, suddenly, the priest kicked the plane the National Licensed Beverage Association) . bed-making and room-cleaning, each boy is into a spin and released the controls. He Father Murray's success with the boy so im­ expected to do a man's work. There is a turned to his companion. "Let's see if you pressed his father that he coaxed the priest hired ranch manager, but the boys, aided need anybody," he said. "You bring us out to attend an association meeting and ap­ by the paid senior counselors and their of it." And he sat back serenely. peal for funds. After the priest's speech, a student-assistants, must care for the stock, The boy sneered. But then, realizing that hat was passed-"A cowboy hat, of course,'' cut and bale the annual hay crop, plant and the test was not a joke, he wrestled with F'ather Murray says-and several hundred tend the vegetable gardens. In fall they must the controls. His eyes widened, his knuckles dollars were collected. When the liquor deal­ ride out and bring the stock in for the win­ grew white as the spin continued. At last, ers in neighboring Wyoming heard about it, ter. One of the roughest jobs is branding, in terror, he cried out, "For God's sake, they invited Father Murray to speak to their when two or three boys must wrestle the Father, help me." The priest then showed group, too. It wasn't long after that he found calves down while another handles the iron. him how to bring the plane under control, himself on the stage of a plush Las Vegas Discipline is tightly enforced, chiefly by level off, and land successfully. hotel, addressing the annual convention of the boys themselves. A court of junior coun­ That boy left Sky Ranch three years the National Licensed Beverage Association. selors "tries" those who violate the rules later-"quite a personality by then," Sky One of his impressed listeners was B. C. Oh­ and metes out sentences. But for those who Ranch's director recalls. Today he is an ex­ landt of National Distillers and Chemical live by the code, there are some tantalizing ecutive with a Los Angeles construction firm Corpm·ation, presently its retired vice-chair­ privileges to be earned. After two months and holds a private pilot's license. Father man. at Sky R-anch, a boy can qualify for the rank Murray has only used his "shock therapy" "I invited him up to my room afterwards,'' of "Blue Angel," awarded bye. committee of five or six times since. Ohlandt remembers, "and asked, 'How much the entire 32-member staff, including cooks But he has used many other unorthodox do you think you need?' And he said, 'If I and maintenance personnel, which assesses methods in this most unorthodox and suc­ had $30,000 or $35,000, I could get through his progress. A Blue Angel can have his own cessful of juvenile rehabilitation centers-a until next spring.' I said, 'Well, I think some horse, a hunting license and a rifle, can take center which flourishes through the dedica­ of the people attending this convention driving lessons, stay up after curfew on Fri­ tion of its directors and the financial sup­ would kick in. Let's go downstairs and see.' day and Saturday nights and get an extra port of the U.S. liquor industry. More than He was so naive that he didn't even know $1 a week allowance. 500 11-17-year-old runaways, murderers, what a 'grand' was. He thought it was a But best of all is what Father Murray calls armed robbers, burglars, car thieves, truants, hundred dollars. So I went through the ca­ "aviation therapy"-the right to learn to fly. drug users, and just plain unfortunates have sino, and the first, second, third guy I Every Blue Angel is eligible for ground train­ passed through this remote corner Ol' the tapped, each came up with a thousand dol­ ing, which gives him a half-credit in high Montana-South Dakota border, 50 miles over lars. His eyes just bugged. By the time the school science, and if he's 16, Father Murray dirt roads from the nearest town. And 95 convention was over, we had the $35,000 and or flight instructor Dick Lemm will start percent, by Father Murray's count, have been more." him on lessons, leading to a private pilot's set straight by the blend of horses and air­ When Ohlandt returned to New York, he license. Father Murray considers it the planes, vast spaces and empty sky, soft called together a group of friends represent­ school's most important character-building words and hard knocks that make up Sky ing all elements of the liquor business and tool. Ranch's unique curriculum. urged that the industry "adopt" Sky Ranch "Nothing does more for a boy's image of "We try to give them love, discipline and as its own charity. The group then formed himself than his first solo flight,'' the priest security, all in the proper measures," says Sky Ranch Foundation, a charitable organi­ says. "Many of these boys have been told they the priest. "Some have had too much love zation which is responsible for capital im­ couldn't do anything, and now they've mas­ and were spoiled. Some had too much disci­ provements and maintenance of the rehabili­ tered an airplane in flight. They've con­ pline and were bitter. Some had too much tation center, with Ohlandt as chairman and quered a tremendous challenge." security and never learned to do for them­ Jack Musick of Hiram Walker as president. As part of what has become a ritual, Father selves. We try to show them that they wm In 1962 the foundation purchased the pres­ Murray cuts off the new flier's shirttail, pen­ be loved in spite of their faults, helped ac­ ent 3,000 acre ranch; since then it has con­ cils on the name and date, and posts it on cording to their needs. And we try to help structed dormitories, an administration the administration building bulletin board, them build a positive self-image, probably building, nondenominational chapel, staff where scores of shirttails have now accumu­ the one thing none of them has ever had." residences and workshop, and held annual lated. The solo ritual has its drama. Last You can't imagine a lonelier spot to under­ drives netting funds of about $250,000. year one boy succeeded in taking off but lost take a new life. Father Murray jokes that Meanwhile, individual affiliates of the liquor his nerve trying to land. He approached the the boys have to rebuild their lives-if only industry have made their own contributions. tiny strip nine times, on each pass bringing because there's nothing else to do and no The South Dakota Retail Liquor Dealers As­ the plane down, sometimes even touching place else to go. The ranch consists of 3,000 sociation, for instance, in 1971, purchased the wheels, then nosing up again to circle acres, seven buildings, 120 head of cattle "Wingspread," a halfway house in Sturgis, for another try. As darkness came on, the and 30 horses lined up against a cottonwood S. D., where 18 older boys live and attend the whole school assembled at the strip, and the stand on the banks of the Little Missouri local high school. The National Women's As­ school cars were gathered around with head­ River. The only link with the world 1s an sociation of Allied Beverage Industries, Inc., lights on. Finally, the boy brought it down unlighted airstrip and a small hangar hous­ has contributed $67,000 for vehicles, equip­ for one more try. This time he missed the ing two light planes. ment, furnishings. Oregon liquor dealers strip, but jarred to a safe landing in a nearby 20922 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 field. The "solo celebration" was extra rau­ REPORT OF SUBOOMMITI'EE TO in the record and subject to objection by any cous that night. REVIEW LIQUID METAL FAST member, it will be made a part of this record. Sky Ranch also pays particular attention BREEDER REACTOR Dr. Abrahamson, we are pleased to have to remedial schoolwork. Father Murray has you here with us today JIJl.d you may proceed. th.at into concluded many boys get trouble SUMMARY because they've been frustr.ated by the aca,.. demic world. "The te.acher would call on HON. MIKE McCORMACK Dr. Abrahamson noted at the outset them to read,, and they'd blubber like nin­ OF WASHINGTON of his testimony that nuclear reactors compoops," he .says. "They'd see the letters IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unavoidably produce large quantities of upside down or backwards, but the teacher Wednesday, June 25, 1975 dangerous radloactive material and ma­ didn't understand that. She'd yell, and tell terials that might be used in the fabri­ the parents. And then he'd be skipping school Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in cation of nuclear weapons. He reported and running with tbe w1·ong crowd, and he'rl continuance of my practice of keeping this results in several hazards that make be considered a delinquent, when the real this body informed of the activities of heart and soUl of his problem was he couldn't nuclear fission unacceptable: First, the read." Sky "RanCh is now accredited as a the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy's potential for release of radioactive ma­ special-education school, offering intensive Subcommittee to Review the National terials through accident or malice; sec­ learning disability instruction. P1·incipal Breeder Reactor Program, I have the fol­ ond, the problem of radioactive waste Roger Talley and his four teachers work with lowing report-: disposal; third, the proliferation of nu­ small groups, using special materials pre­ Yesterday, the subcommittee in open clear weapons; fourth, the potential for pared and furnished by the University of session received testimony from invited terrorist activities through use of stolen South Dakota. They've been able to elevate witnesses on the subject of the role of the reading levels of many of the youths, plutonium; and fifth, the social impacts enough to allow some to move to "Wing­ converter and breeder reacto1·s, and on of safeguards measures. Only two of spl'ead" and attend Sturgis High School. the role of the LMFBR and the LMFBR these hazards, according to Dr. Abra­ But the real Sky Ranch method is much Demonstration Plant - Clinch River hamson, are resolvable by technical less tangible. lt's reflected in the warmth Breeder Reador. During this session, means-nuclear accidents and waste with which the priest deals with each of there was presentation and discussion of disposal. Economic problems also impact his boys, even flying to far-off cities when information on our energy usage pat­ adversely on the use -0f nuclear power. an alumnus gets into trouble again; and the terns, available energy sources, charac­ Dr. Abrahamson discussed the national concern that the boys learn to show for one teristics of breeder reactors, objections debate now taking place over nuclear :fis­ another. Father Murray finds that caring to the use of breeder reactors, and possi­ for animals helps some take the first step sion, and suggested it should have oc­ toward caring for humans. ble substitute reactor technologies. Pos­ curred earlier. He indicated that if the Of course, there are some failures. "We sible changes in the U.S. breeder pro­ use of nuclear fission should be reaf­ can't be everything to everybody," Father gram were also discussed, including an firmed, the iollowing minimwn condi­ Murray says. "Some simply can't tolerate the accelerated development of LMFBR tech­ tions should be met: First, the siting of isolation." This fall, two 16-year-olds man­ nology, the construction of additional all nuclear Power facilities in nuclear aged to sneak away and steal a car. A neigh­ prototype plants, and modifications to reservations-sometimes called nuclear boring .rancher saw them drive off, jumped the licensing process. parks or nuclear energy centers-with into a pickup truck and gave chase. The Testimony was presented by Dr. Dean boys missed a curve at 70 m,p.h. and piled fuel fabrication plants, reactors, and into a clump of trees. Neither was hurt, but Abrahamson, professor of public affairs waste management facilities on the same at local authorities' insistence, Father Mur­ at the University of Minnesota and a site; second, effective international con­ ray sent them home-with regret. "We could member of the Board of Trustees of the trol, and perhaps ownership, of all spe­ have won them both with a little more Natural Resources Defense Conncil; Mr. cial nuclear materials; third, elimina­ time," he says. .John Simpson of Westinghouse Electric tion of the Price-Anderson Act or its Sky Ranch's goal now is to expand and Corp.; Dr. Hans Bethe of Cornell Univer­ equivalent; and fourth, no separation of improve its facilities to include voca­ sity; and Mr. Leonard Koch of Illinois plutonium from the spent fuel and tional training; and the smaller boys' dormi­ Power Co. therefore no recycle. tory is in need of repair. Despite the large I was pleased that Senators JOHN V. Dr. Abrahamson went on to state that donations of the liquor industry, Father TUNNEY and CLIFFORD P. CASE, and Con­ Murray still must devote time to fund-rais­ the use of breeder reactors in his view gressmen JOHN B. ANDERSON, MANUEL is also unaicceptable, but that if they ing. LUJAN, FRANK HORTON, and ANDREW J. But real success isn't counted in the bal­ should be employed, the same condi­ ance sheets, in bricks and mortar, or even HINSHAW were able to attend and par­ tions as above should be imposed-ex­ alumni achievements. As Father Murray tells ticipate in the questioning of the wit­ cept that plutonium recycle would be an it, the spirit of the school is best refiected in nesses. integral part of br~eder operation. the story of one alumnus, Tim Farmer: My opening remarks and a summary of Dr. Abrahamsonreiterated the views of "Tim .ca.me out here from Connecticut and the material presented and the ensuing Dr. Thomas Coehran on the LMFBR, he didn't like it at all. He was a. big kid, full discussion follow: with which he.concurs: Delay of the com­ of energy, and we put him to work with on-e OPENING STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN mercial component by a decade, recast of the ranchers. They got into an argument This afternoon the Joint Committee's Spe­ the LMFBR effol't on a lower priority and the guy fired him. So one day Tim came "Cial Subcommittee to Review the National program centered Dn the fast flux test to me with his suitcase and he said, 'Father, Breeder Reactor Program Tesume its public facility, and cancellation of plans for I'm going to split. I've given you too much hearings. The focus of today's heal'ings is on hell already.' I looked at him and said 'Tim. tne role of converter and breeder reactors, the Clinch River breeder reactor. These all your life you've run out the back door and the role of the LMFBR and the LMFBR steps, accorrling to Dr. Abrahamson, every time things got tough. That's not what 'demonstration plant. This session will cover would free up funds for accelerated de­ a man does.' I happened to have a pair of the use of converter and breeder reacitors in velopment of solar and geothermal old boots by my desk, and it was a real corny conserving fuel resources, estimates of U.S. power, fusion, conservation, et cetera. gesture, but I threw them at him and said, uranium and thorlum l'esources; the priority Also during this delay period, additional 'When you 'think you can fill a man's boots, between the LMFBR and other 'breeder con­ .needed safety information on LMFBR then you can lea-ve.' Well, he was here about cepts and the ro1e of the LMFBR Demonstra­ tion plant. could be obtained. a year and a half, and I forgot an about the Mr. Simpson reviewed the role of en­ boots. I hadn•t e-ven thought of Tim in a We are p1eased to have before us today, Dr. Dean Abrahamson of the Natural Resouttces ergy in our economy, and discussed the long time when one day I got a letter from :energy sources that are being used or are Vietnam. :It was from Tim, then a Marine Defense Counci1, Inc.; Dr. Hans Bethe, Nobel 1aureate, from Corne11 University; Mr. John }ll'oj ected for use by the year 2000~ He lieutenant. He said he still had the boots. Simpson of the Westinghouse Electric Cor­ but he was sending them back to me. 'Give reported that the only option available to poration; and Mr. Leonard Xoch of Il1inois sustain a healthy economy is increased them to another boy.' he wrote, 'and teach Power Company. him to fill them the way 'fOU taught me.' Dr. Barry Smernoff of the Hudson Institute reliance on electricity from coal and "'It ~as a ooup1.e of months before tbe Yequested the opportunity to testify at this uranium, with .rapid de lopment of the boots flnany rri d •nd by that time rd had session, but the Subcommittee believed that breeder necessary for a guaranteed con­ anuther letter. l:t was from hls mother. Tim it would be unwise to add another witness tinuance of low-eost electricity. Mr. had been killed, she .. wTot'e-in •heroic ac­ because of time limitations. Dr. Smernotr has Simoson reviewed the use of nuclear tion.••• submitted a written statement for inolusion power in this country to date, including June 2.s, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20923 the fuel savings accrued from reduced with Canada in developing an advanced nology and supply which some people usage of oil and gas. He showed that CANDU reactor. His main recommenda­ had suggested. Mr. Simpson, in response nuclear fuel resources were limited, and tion, however, is rapid development of to a question on whether Westinghouse cited the priority that has been placed the fast breeder. could manufacture a breeder of foreign on breeder development to extend the Mr. Leonard Koch testified that design, noted that foreign plants could use of nuclear fuel. He reported that nuclear power is the only demonstrated not meet U.S. licensing criteria in that the culminating task in the develop­ new technology which can satisfy a they did not have containment buildings ment of the LMFBR is to improve significant fraction of our energy de­ and other necessary design features. the ~eliability, licensability, and eco­ mand during the balance of this cen­ Dr. Abrahamson was asked to expand nomics through the demonstration plant tury, and noted that breeder reactors on his view that additional reactors program. Mr. Simpson described various can extend that capability for several should not be built. Dr. Abrahamson re­ important elements of the Clinch River more centuries. He reviewed the nuclear plied that were it not for various politi­ breeder reactor-demonstration plant­ fuel situation for breeder reactors and cal realities, he would like to see all re­ including its place in the technological cited its great potential. He expressed actors shut down. An alternative would development program, its utility back­ the opinion that the U.S. program for be to continue operating existing reactors ing, its licensability aspects, and its development of commercial breeders has only, but build no more. Even if the four present design status. He concluded by not been consistent with our need for conditions noted in his testimony were stating that its schedule is consistent new energy sources or with the breeder's met, he would prefer no further reactors with the goal of commercial LMFBR op­ potential. be built. eration in the early 1990's, and noted that Mr. Koch reviewed foreign progress in The issue of eliminating licensing if the LMFBR is needed to meet energy LMFBR development, and said it will be hearings as suggested by Mr. Koch was demands, but not developed, the Nation's necessary for the subcommittee to com­ examined. Mr. Koch replied that hear­ problem may be one of electrical energy pare the U.S. program to those foreign ings in the past have caused delays, and shortfall greater than anything yet ex~ efforts. He also believes the evaluation noted these could lead to exhaustion of perienced in this country. should consider the use of other energy our uranium supply. Mr. Simpson, how­ Dr. Bethe began his testimony by ob­ sources in place of the breeder, and the ever, added that the utility industry has serving that it is essential we make full forced reduction of energy use in the adjusted to these delays, and now orders use of the "nuclear option." He then re­ United States. Mr. Koch's opinions on new plants earlier. Dr. Abrahamson viewed the fuel utilization aspects of these matters are: First, there are no stated that delays are not necessarily bu­ present day light water reactors, and demonstrated alternate energy sources reaucratic in nature, but were instead noted that the President's program calls with the potential capability of the evidence that nuclear technology is pre­ for the construction of 200 reactors b'e­ breeder; second, the concept of U.S. de­ mature. Mr. McCORMACK discussed a case tween now and 1985. Even with a "low" pendence on foreign breeder technology where delays were caused by intervenors energy use pattern, all the high grade is unacceptable; and third, conservation, on technicalities. uranium ore in the United States will be while desirable, is not an alternative to Dr. Abrahamson was asked what alter­ committed by about 1992. Dr. Bethe in­ the breeder. native he finds to meet energy demands, dicated this is earlier than the breeder In view of these considerations, Mr. and replied that the answer lies in Koch believes the U.S. breeder program achieving lower energy growth rates can be ready for full commercial exploi­ should be accelerated and given more tation, and therefore, he concludes the positive direction. He feels our primary through conservation. Dr. Bethe ex­ breeder is already too late, and any fur­ need is design, construction and opera­ plained why it was not realistic to com­ ther delay will be very costly. tion of large breeder reactor central pare our conservation potential with that Dr. Bethe then reviewed the advan­ power stations, and that we should be in Europe. Dr. Abrahamson was also tages of the breeder, including its mini­ proceeding with more than one proto­ asked what the penalties to the economy mal requirement for uranium, its use type or "near commercial" station. He would be if his theories were wrong, that of plutonium produced in light water re­ believes we should classify the breeder is, if conservation were unsuccessful in actors, its low cost of chemical processing program as urgent, abbreviate the licens­ appreciably lowering energy growth rates per gram of uranium burned-as com­ ing process, and omit the public hea.ring and if alternate energy sources were not pared to LWR's--and its demonstrated procedure. The only hearings on the available to make up the difference. A feasibility. He noted that all countries breeder should be held by the Congress. direct answer to this question was not ob­ engaged in such a program have chosen With these actions, Mr. Koch believes a tained. Dr. Abrahamson did state that the LMFBR due to its technical advan­ more optimum program with greater some alternate energy sources could not tages. Dr. Bethe next examined the ob­ likelihood of providing timely commer­ be relied on due to uncertainties regard­ jections that have been raised against cial breeders will ensue. ing their eventual development. He noted breeder reactors, citing high costs, haz­ A question and answer period followed fusion, geothermal, wind power and tidal ards of plutonium diversion, and the po­ the presentations. Mr. Simpson was energy in this regard. tential for nuclear accidents. With re­ asked to comment on the suggestion The questions and answers served to gard to costs, he suggested that the high made at an earlier hearing held by the highlight the marked difference in opin­ cost listed for the Clinch River breeder subcommittee that the Clinch River ions among the witnesses regarding the reactor is misleading due to inflation, Breeder Reactor design is outdated and role of breeder reactors. One witness felt the inclusion of development costs, and to should be replaced by a more advanced that nuclear power and breeder reactors its being a first of a kind plant. He also design. Mr. Simpson replied that one are too costly and too dangerous to be discussed projected cost differences be­ can always claim that the design of a relied on as a major power source; two tween later breeder reactors and L WR's, complex and lengthy project is "old" witnesses believed that the problems and concluded that when the costs of sometime after it is first conceived, but raised can be overcome, that the breeder future higher priced uranium are taken noted the CRBR was not designed as long is urgently needed, and that the current into account, breeder reactors obtain a ago as implied by critics. He stated the development program should continue; net cost advantage per unit of electricity design was revised somewhat earlier this and one .witness suggested that the produced over LWR's. year, that it is a reasonable extension breeder is needed, but that the present Dr. Bethe concluded by suggesting sev­ of the Fast Flux •rest Facility and prop­ development program should be acceler­ eral substitutes for the LMFBR if it erly relies on that technology, and stated ated and modified in several respects. should not receive a clear go-ahead. that a new design started today would These views and those expressed on these These substitutes are in various stages take several years to complete, after questions by the approximately 60 groups of development. They are the molten salt which time that design could be accused and individuals who responded to an breeder reactor, the light water breeder of being outdated. earlier letter on energy matters by the reactor, the high temperature gas-cooled Mr. Koch was asked to clarify his ob­ subcommittee will be addressed by the reactor, and the CANDU reactor. He be­ jection to foreign technology, He said his subcommittee in its further deliberations lieves it would be worthwhile for the objection was not to the technology it­ on the role of breeder reactors and of the United States to go into partnership self but to the reliance on foreign tech- LMFBR program. CXXI--1318-Part 16 20924 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 NORMAN, OKLA., TRANSCRIPT EN­ There are canons of ethics in the judicial weakens the case for whatever program DORSES FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE branch, but those do not require public re­ the Pentagon is trying to get through LEGISLATION porting of any financial or business activi­ ties. The congressional code of ethics re­ Congress, we can be sure that :figure will quires public reporting only of contributions remain classified until we have all dried HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER and gifts received by Senators and represen­ up and blown away. But if the :figure tatives and honoraria received by senators. supports the Pentagon's position, we can OF WISCONSIN The legislation before Congress would cor­ be equally sure that sooner or later­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rect these glaring deficiencies. most likely sooner-we will read it in Wednesday, June 25, 1975 Common Cause points out that the pro­ posed legislation would require all elected Evans and Novak or, in previous years, Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, the officials, candidates for office, persons in gov­ Joe Alsop. need for full :financial disclosure by pub­ ernment making more than $25,000 annually I do not mean to single out the De­ lic officials remains as important as ever. or at a government grade of GS 16, and gen­ partment of Defense for particular criti­ The Financial Disclosure Act, H.R. 3249, erals and admirals in the military to file com­ cism. I am sw·e every agency in the Gov­ which Congressman ALAN STEELMAN and prehensive disclosure statements. Members ermnent would do the same thing if it I have introduced, and which has been of the immediate family of those covered could, but perhaps fortunately it is diffi­ would also be subject to the bills' require­ cult to devise a national security ration­ cosponsored by 130 of our colleagues, ments to prevent a glaring loophole. Similar would establish uniform :financial disclo­ legislation is being sought on a local level. ale for disguising an HEW or HUD sure standards throughout the Govern­ Those covered by the legislation would scandal. ment. have to file annual reports of their assets, li­ Recently, the House Armed Services H.R. 3249 requires an annual financial abilities, holding in securities, commodities Committee considered the case of Con­ disclosure report from the President and or real estate in excess of $1,000, and income gressman MICHAEL HARRINGTON' who may the Vice President, Members of Congress and gifts over $100. or may not have played a pivotal role in and all employees of the legislative, judi­ Opponents of such sunshine legislation the exposure of the CIA's e1Iorts to over­ claim that comprehensive filing would cre­ turn the Allende government in Chile. cial and executive branches of Govern­ ate hardship for those covered by the law. ment who earn more than $25,000 a year. However, in 1974, 181 House members (or In my view, there is no reason in the This rePort would be :filed with the 42 per cent) voluntarily made public some world why these activities should have Comptroller General and would be avail­ kind of extra disclosure report, often stat­ been classified. What vital national se­ able for public inspection. A similar ing their assets, liabilities, holdings in se­ curity interest has been compromised by statement would also be required from curities, commodities and real estate. revealing the information? What mili­ candidates in primaries and in general Thirty-seven Senators (37 per cent) made tary advantage has been given to the public extra disclosure reports. The reports, enemies of the United States? Obviously, elections for the Congress and for the being voluntary differ in what is disclosed Presidency and Vice Presidency. and whether spouses' holdings are covered. none. Mr. Speaker, the Norman, Okla., Opponents of the legislation argue that It is clear that the only reason the CIA Transcript, in an editorial on May 30, total disclosure would cause a mass exodus classified this information was to keep 1975, called for the enactment of full of good people from government--people the American people from knowing of public :financial disclosure legislation, who are not willing to have their total fi­ the shady and illegal acts that were and I commend this editorial to the at­ nancial picture made public. committed in their name and with their tention of our colleagues: An examination of two of the 31 states, tax money. It is also obvious that the Common Cause points out, with· strong fi­ American people have a right to this in­ OUR POINT OF VIEW: ABOUT "GLASS nancial disclosure laws proves this is not the POCKETS" 2 case. Both states require total financial dis­ formation so that they can pass electoral In the fall of 1974, Common Cause asked closure. judgment on the administration which all candidates for Congress: "Will you vote In Washington state a financial disclosure committed the acts and thereby indicate for legislation requiring annual, public dis­ law has been in effect since 1972 and only their view on whether this kind of activ­ closure of financial holdings by members of one of the 275 state elected officials and two ity should continue. If the American Congress a.nd their professional staff, and by of the 378 county officials covered by the law people do not know what is being done high officials of the executive and judicial have resigned rather than disclose. in their name and therefore cannot pass branches of government?" The 1973 California conflict of interest act, In the 94th Congress, 51 of the 60 respond­ covering 7,500 state public officials, yielded judgment on it, we will not have govern­ ing Senators supported the legislation while similar results. A United Press International ment of, by, and for the people, but 269 of the responding representatives sup­ survey showed that only 50 persons had re­ government of, by, and for the national ported such legislation. signed after the law's passage. security bureaucracy-which is a reason­ Pe1·sonal financial disclosure bills have Full public disclosure and conflict of in­ able thumbnail description of the form now been introduced in the House and Sen­ terest legislation will shortly become an ac­ of government we spend $100 billion an­ ate: H.R. 3249, int1·oduced by Reps. Robert cepted requirement for public service beca-µse nually to oppose. Kastenmeier and Alan Steelman, is co-spon­ the logic for the need of it is too compelling. sored by 130 of their colleagues, while the This is not to say, however, that any Senate bill, S. 181, introduced by Sens. Ph111p Member of Congress should have the Hart, Clifford Case and Lowell Weicker, is power to declassify unilaterally any co-sponsored by 21 Senators. Sen. Howard THE UNLEARNED LESSON OF material he feels should not be classified. Cannon, chairman of the Senate Rules Com­ WATERGATE We should have some kind of standard mittee, is expected to introduce a similar procedure by which we could request de­ blll soon. Financial disclosure legislation has classification, and the decision could be twice passed the Senate, only to be pigeon­ HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT holed in the House. made by some persons who understand With the public trust in government at OF CALIFORNIA the classification process but who do not such low levels, the public must know if their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES share the bureaucratic or personal self­ representatives are voting the public's in­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 interest of the original classifier. terest or their own financial interests. And In the absence of such a procedure, my we believe that the public is just as inter· Mr. LEGGET!'. Mr. Speaker, one of committe was faced with a resolution ested in the local level as it is in the federal. the primary lessons of Watergate is that barring Congressman HARRINGTON from Norman members of Common Cause are in Government officials can, will, and do the process of presenting such a local ordi­ its classified information: a resolution nance to the City Council for consideration. use the classification process for pur­ which was in clear violation of the rules On the national level, it is important that poses which have nothing to do with na- . of the House. Congress perform its oversight function of tional secwity. We know for a fact that I voted against this resolution, both the executive branch with respect to conflicts the national secmity cloak is drawn because it violated the rules and because of interest in executive agencies. The pro­ around information solely because it is it seems clear that the net result of this posed b1lls would reassure the public of the embarrassing or incriminating to some particular declassification has been to trustworthiness of its officials. agency of government or to some official There a.re presently financial disclosure serve the national interest rather than guidelines for all branches of government, of some agency. damage it. but they are sketchy, weak, and require little In the course of my decade of dealing This is a value judgment over which public disclosure. with armed services matters, I have seen reasonable men can disagree. But I :find The executive branch is covered by an ex­ this happen time and again. If a :figure it disturbing that some of us appear to ecutive order that is only a weak administra­ concerning the performance of weapons regard security classification as sacred tive directive, not a disclosure requirement. system, be it ours or somebody else's, and violation of classification as trea- June 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20925 son, regardless of the merits of the indi­ belt tacitly, by refusing to review an appeals public support of legislation which would court ruling upholding the C.I.A.'s censor­ prohibit mail-order sales and importation, vidual case. If this attitude prevails, we ship of a book by a former C.I.A. employe. The as wen as establish registration and licensing can be sure that there will be those out­ ruling imposed a lifetime prior restraint on of firearms. side the Congress who will continue to the author's right of free speech respecting Recognizing, however, the pace at which use the classification process to hide var­ information obtained while he worked for crime r::i,tes have soared in the United States ious actions of which the American peo­ the C.I.A., and asserted that he could not during recent years, we feel more stringent ple would not approve and which will in disclose information the C.I.A. considered controls are necessary for the safety of our the long run be detrimental to the stand­ classifiable, whether or not it was classified, citizens. Serious crime in the United States ing and security of the United States. or even if he had learned it from other rose 17 % in 1974, the highest annual in­ sources after leaving the agency. crease since the Federal Bureau of Investi­ I had hoped we had learned better Attorney General Edward Levi, in a speech gation began collecting c1·ime statistics 45 from Watergate. But it appears that at covering the general subject of Government years ago. Some 25,000 persons are killed least some of the people want to be information and its disclosure, seemed to ar­ each year in the United States by guns, fooled some of the time. gue more insistently for the Government's which includes deaths occurring by murder, Columnist Tom Wicker has offered a right to keep secrets than for the public's suicide and accident. A startling propor­ thoughtful discussion of these issues in right to know what its Government is doing. tion-53 % of such killings--occur through the New York Times of June 24, 1975, Moreover, as Nicholas M. Horrocks of The the use of a handgun. Because the handgun which I insert in the RECORD at this point New York Times has pointed out, public re­ is available, it is frequently used in so-called sponse to various C.I.A. investigations and crimes of passion or in accidents, such as point: to the Rockefeller report suggest that a sub­ those occurring among family and neigh­ SECRECY TRIUMPHANT stantial number of people believe these in­ bors-statistics show that a gun kept around (By Tom Wicker) quiries already have gone too far-that they the house is six times as likely to kill a By what weird process have skeptical endanger "natio·nal security." family member as it is to kill an intruder. Americans, who once thought Mr. Dooley and Even the leading newspapers, whose duty Because it is concealable. it is the weapon Will Rogers had the last word on politics, is to publish what they know under protec­ most often used in crime. It is estimated come to regard "Government information," tion of the First Amendment, acquiesced in that more than 40 million handguns now particularly when it is "classified Govern­ the C.I.A.'s appeals not to print the ex­ exist in public hands-one for every five ment information," as sacred? traordinary Glomar Explorer story-despite persons in the U.S. Almost any voter will tell you, after all, the repeated Watergate disclosures of how A recent poll of taxicab passengers in that politicians are crooks, or at least clowns cynically Government officials right up to Mr. Chicago revealed that 85 % of the people and snake-oil salesmen. Yet, even in the Nixon himself were willing to hide irrespon­ support the banning of handguns; a similar wake of Watergate and Agnew and the infi­ sible or mistaken or criminal behavior under poll in Washington, D.C. resulted in 82 % nite deceptions of the Vietnam years, let one the dark cloak of "national security." to ban handguns. A study in Ohio shows of those supposedly tricky politicians be­ No item in this sad catalogue is more de­ that during the sixties, not only did the come a Government official and classify a pressing than the House committee vote to death rate from criminal use of firearms document, and those supposedly cynical vot­ penalize Michael Harrington for alerting the increase with the proliferation of handgun ers begin bowing and scraping before hiS public to C.I.A. excesses. That vote was a sales, but that accidental deaths increased rubber stamp. Let one of those reputed blow to the tradition-never as strong or as by 100 % in a suburban area, while increas­ clowns merely whisper "national security" deep as it should be in this country-of ing four-fold in the city of Cleveland. Mayor and otherwise sensible Americans put their speaking one's conscience against whatever Abraham Bea.me of New York and former fingers in their ears and close their eyes. arbitrary restrictions. It undermined Con­ D.C. Police Chief Jerry Wilson comprise two Look what's happened just in recent weeks, gress's own need for information from con­ of the many public figures asking for a ban with scarcely a peep of protest: cerned officials about inefficiencies and mis­ on the sale and possession of handguns. The House Armed Services Committee has deeds in the executive branch. It bolstered We are aware that the United States has voted to deny access to secret information to the Administration's power to undertake the least effective gun laws of the civilized Representative Michael Harrington of Mas­ clandestine operations against other govern­ world today; and the highest gun death sachusetts, because it was Mr. Harrington ments without the knowledge or approval rates. We recognize that what is needed who disclosed secret testimony last year that of Congress, let alone the public. are not halfway measures such as the ban­ the C.I.A. had conducted covert operations It was a vote that valued conformity over ning of the "Saturday Night Special" or against the Government of Salvador Allende conscience and mocked the very idea of Con­ licensing and registration laws, but a vir­ Gossens in Chile. . gressional "oversight" of secret government. tually complete elimination of easy access When the Rockefeller Commission made its to handguns by private citizens. report on illegal C.I.A. do:µiestic activities, it B'nai B'rith Women, therefore, reiterates recommended nothing more stringent to stop its long-standing policy in favor of gun con­ such i1Tegularities than Presidential admon­ trol legislation, expanding our position to ishments and Congressional oversight. But B'NAI B'RITH WOMEN ENDORSE now seek to ban the Importation, sale, dis­ the commission recommended that it be BAN ON HANDGUNS tribution and ownership of handguns to the made a statutory offense, subject to criminal general public (except for the military, penalties, for any C.I.A. employe ever to dis­ police, antique dealers, and pistol clubs, close classified information obtained while he HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY where the weapons would be kept under worked for the C.I.A. No exception was made OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA secure conditions). Additionally, we would for disclosing classified data that might con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES support proposals to ban the sale of ammu­ cern illegal C.I.A. activities. nition for handguns, as a further deterrent Pending in the Senate, with both liberal Wednesday, June 25, 1975 to ownership. We urge the enactment in the and conservative support, and under the Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, I am Congress of the United States of legislation aegis of the Ford Administration, which in­ pleased to call to the attention of my to achieve this critical goal, for the security herited it from the Nixon Administration, is of the citizens of this nation. S.1, a bill to recodify the Federal criminal colleagues the resolution passed at the laws. This far-reaching and complex legisla­ meeting of the national executive board tion would provide at least the following new of B'nai B'rith Women, convened in restrictions on public knowledge: . Washington, D.C., on May 5-7, 1975. Make journalists liable to criminal penal­ B'nai B'rith Women, an international MARITAL STATUS CREDIT DIS­ ties for possessing or publishing the con­ Jewish women's service organization CRIMINATION AMENDMENTS tents of any Government report without of­ comprised of 140,000 members in · the ficial permission. Make journalists liable to criminal penal­ United States, maintains a deep interest HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN ties for receiving and publishing virtually in the affairs of the day and in matters OF MARYLAND any "national security" information with­ of public and social concern. I hope that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out Government authorization. my colleagues will carefully consider Make present or former Government em­ their sentiments on the issue of gun con­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 ployes liable to criminal penalties if they give trol and draw from it the strength to Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, the to the press, without approval of their supe­ support a ban on handguns to the gen._ fight for equality for women has been a riors, any classified information, including long one. We are beginning to see some material about officials who violate the law, eral public except for the military, the lie to the public or take secret action con­ police, and pistol clubs. of the changes that are so desperately trary to official policies. The resolution follows: needed. In 1923, the first efforts were All this would have effectively prevented RESOLUTION: HANDGUN BAN made to pass a constitutional amend­ press disclosure of the Watergate scandals B'nai B'rith Women has, in past years, ment to provide full equality for women. and the Pentagon Papers. Yet, the Supreme been an active proponent of the limitation Fifty years later, we have finally ap­ Court has moved In the same direction, al- of firearms in the United States, stating its proved legislation by the Federal Gov- 2092.6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 25, 1975 emment which will provide a legal foun­ an independent country. Thus, it seems led the country in its early history." I en­ dation for women's rights, the equal fitting and appropriate at this time to courage all of us to join in this kind of rights amendment. look back to America's early beginnings tribute to our great past. Today, we are concerned about the and to the human figures who were in­ role of women in our society. In the past, strumental in establishing this Nation's women were not accorded equal status in birth. many political, social, and economic sec­ In the spirit of renewed patriotism, THE SIGNING OF THE LIBERTY tors of society, The questioning of such the Raymond Glenn Hillegas family, POINT RESOLVES traditional thinking has enabled us to residents of the 20th District of Penn­ begin addressing many of the injustices sylvania, have linked their ancestry which are endured by women. I am sure to an important-but forgotten colonial HON. CHARLES ROSE III that by now we all agree that we can no statesman. OF NORTH CAROLINA longer ignore unfair practices in the em­ Their forefather, Michael Hillegas, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ployment or education of women. I am 1729-1804, was the first treasurer of the Wednesday, June 25, 1975 sure that we will also agree that women United States. He served for more than should no longer experience injustices in 14 years as chief financial officer of the Mr. ROSE. Mr. Speaker, in this year the extension of credit. Colonies as they developed through the of the Bicentennial, we celebrate our Legislation passed by the Congress in American Revolution into a federal re­ Nation's anniversary and its democratic recent years has done much to improve public. ideals as embodied in the signing of the the status of women. The equal rights Hillegas, an educated merchant, was Declaration of Independence. We cele­ amendment, and amendments to the born in Philadelphia in 1729. When he brate our national history, but we need Civil Rights Act of 1968 have all con­ was 33, he became the Philadelphia to retain a sense of local history and the tributed to more equitable treatment of county commissioner. In this post he lo­ part it has played. Two hundred years women. Pieces of legislation such as the cated and constructed Fort Mifflin for ago in North Carolina, a group of 39 men Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the the protection of Philadelphia, then the banded together to sign their own decla­ Housing and Community Development young Nation's Capital. He later served ration of independence against British Act insure adequate protection for wom­ on commissions which bridged the oppression. Though they desired a recon­ en in the credit field. Schuylkill River and dredged the Dela­ ciliation with Great Britain "on consti­ It is my hope that the legislation ware River. tutional principles," they declared them­ which I introduce today will further the In 1775, Hillegas and George Clymer selves "justified in resistmg force by cause of women's equality by amending were made joint treasurers of the united force" and signed their names to the two previously adopted laws. The b111 Colonies by action of the Continental Liberty Resolves. I insert for the RECORD addresses two issues. First, it will amend Congress. In 1776, Hillegas assumed ad­ "The Signing of the Liberty Point Re­ title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968. ditional duties as treasurer of the Prov­ solves," an article by Jack Crane that The amendment will prohibit discrimina­ ince of Pennsylvania. When Clymer took appeared in the Fayetteville Observer/ tion on the basis of marital status a seat in Congress that year, Hillegas Times on June 22, 1975: against women applying for mortgage was made sole Continental Treasurer. THE SIGNING OF THE LmERTY POINT RESOLVES loans. On September 6, 1777, Michael Hillegas At or near this place The second part of the bill seeks to was appointed the first Trea~ of the ever since known as amend title V of the National Housing United States of America. Historian "Liberty Point" Michael Minnich, 1905, noted that Hille­ Was promulgated in Act. It would close some of the existing JUNE 1775 loopholes in the act, thus prohibiting dis­ gas served in the difficult first years of by patriots of the Cape Fear crimination in the area of mortgage Government-a time "when the war of A Declaration of Independence loans for women. arms was matched only by a contest of of the British Crown intellect; groping uncharted risks requir­ Present business practices dictate the The above insc1·iption is carved on a white need for these changes. Many lending ing greatest possible skill, method and marble tablet set in the east wall of an institutions prefer that a mortgage be.. integrity before enacted laws has become ancient brick building at 145 Person St. in transfen·ed to the husband's name when systematized-these were testing and try­ Fayetteville, Cross Creek in 1775, and over­ a woman marries. Other institutions will ing, formative stressful years." looks a small triangular park lovingly tended not provide loans to women who are un­ Hillegas served as the country's Treas­ by members of Central Station of the Fay­ married. urer until 1789 when Congress established etteville Fire Department. In my own congressional district, a the Treasury Department under the Fed­ Liberty Point, the place where 54 patriots eral Constitution. Alexander Hamilton gathered June 20, 1775, to assert their inde­ constituent recently informed me of pendence of an unjust and greedy king, was problems she encountered when attempt· then became the first Secretary of the much larger than at present for Person ing to obtain a mortgage loan. Although Treasury. Street had not been built. The point was her income qualified her for a loan, the Hillegas was well known to Benjamin then formed by Bow Street and a road from lending institution refused to accept her Franklin, John Adams, and others of this the west following the present course of application because of her divorced time as a philosopher, philanthropist, Franklin Street and intersecting with Bow status, reasoning that a portion of her and historian. He was described as "ac­ some distance east of the present Point. tive, meeting needs of the Negro, Indian, On April 19, 1775, the first show of re­ income was derived from alimony pay­ sistance to Britain took place at Lexington, ments. and poor" on a hospital's governors' Mass. Couriers on horseback were dispatched My bill is intended to halt such dis­ board and leader in projects for lighting, immed.tately to carry the word to the colo­ criminatory practices. I ask that all my grading, paving, and drainage of the nies. A courier reached Wilmington on May colleagues who condemn such practices growing Capital City. In addition, the 8, and the exciting news spread upriver to join with me to end them. first Treasurer was an investor and exec­ Cross Creek and campbelltown. utive of companies in sugar refining, coal Robert Rowan, of Cumberland County, an mining, forges, and land. avowed insurgent, was riding the bounds of Hillegas died in Philadelphia in 1804 his county gathering volunteers for the mili­ A PERSONAL BICENTENNIAL and was buried next to his wife, Hen­ tia, finding them mostly along the river. TRIBUTE rietta Boude, beside Christ Church, where Cumberland then embraced all of what is now Moore County, an area inhabited by a he had been a vestryman half a century. huge concentration of Scots Highlanders HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS In a letter to 1 of his 10 children, even now voicing their loyalty to King OF PENNSYLVANIA Hillegas wrote: George, so Rowan's pickings in the vicinity Of the joy of human comfort one for an­ were meagre. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other in this troublesome world-for so it ha.s These Loyalists in Moore and Anson were Wednesday, June 25, 1975 been and Will be ca.Ued. to the end thereof, to exert great infiuence for their king a few months hence when General Gage sent Don­ Mr. notwithstanding whait the vain a.nd giddy Mr. GAYDOS. Speaker, this spring may undertake to say to the countrary. ald McDonald to raise the Royal Standard at we began an enthusiastic celebration Cross Creek. of our country's Bicentennial. On July 4, Raymond Hillegas and his family are On June 19, 1775, word came upriver from we will also recognize our emergence as "proud to be descendents of someone who Wilmington that patriots of New Hanover June 2.5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20927 were signing a declaration of independence rallying the Highlanders to General Mac­ James Emmet enlisted .in the army in and that a horseman would arrive the next Donald's side. 1776, after signing the Resolves. By 1777, day bringing the text of that document to The Colonial Records' reference quoted he was promoted to major, and was com­ the pat1·iots of Cross Creek. above concerning the Liberty Point Declara­ Robert Rowan rode up from his summer tion refers to the "National Journal" of missioned a colonel in the Cumberland home, "Hollybrook" on the Cape Fear some Washington, D.C., dated August 15, 1825 County militia in 1781. On August 14, four miles down from Cross Creek. Lewis which says the original of the resolves was 1781, Tories took possession of Cross Barge, who lived and ran a tavern on the at that time in the possession of the editor Creek and James Emmett was taken road north at what is now called St. James of the Cheraw (S.C.) "Intelligencer." prisoner. Emmett was a member of the Square, arrived at the meeting place on the Why would this editor have this long lost general assembly and very active on east -end of Bow Street. Lewis Bowell (his document? Could he have been a descendant committees in that body. name is spelled Powell on the granite mark­ of one of the signers? It would be a feather Arthur Council was the representa­ er), the German-born baker was on hand, in the cap of anyone who found this price­ and the Carvers, Evanses, and others were less document and restored it to its rightful tive from Campbellton to the Provincial on their way up from the vicinity of Rock.­ place, Cross Creek, now Fayetteville, N.C. Congress in Halifax. He served on vari­ fish and Carver's Neck. ous committees, and in 1776 he was re­ James Gee, the hatter, was already on hand Although information on many of quested to report on the activities of from his place off the Yadkin Road west of these early patriots is sketchy, we do loyalists and other insurgents. It is Cross Creek (his grave is behind the Con­ know that the first signer, Col. Rober·t probable that this Arthur Council could federate Women's Home on Ft. Bragg Road). Rowan, was the author of the Resolves. be the same one who was appointed a The courier from Wilmington arrived in Col. Rowan was a military and civic lead­ captain in the Sixth Regiment, North the late afternoon of June 20, and a table er in Cumberland County, and an early Carolina line, and served until he died for the signing was hastily brought from architect of Fayetteville. He served as a Aaron Vardey's tavern nearby. in 1777. There was little doubt who would sign first. major in the French and Indian War, as Infor ma ti on on most of the signers of Robert Rowan, a former sheriff of the county, sheriff of Cumbeirland County for 4 years, the Resolves remains incomplete. David assemblyman and militia officer, sat down and as registrar of deeds. He was a mem­ and Theophilus Evans, Robert, Samuel, and signed the declaration of independence ber of the Provincial Congress that met and William Carver, John and Benjamin of the British Crown. Lewis Barge accepted in Hillsboro in 1775 and in Halifax in Elwell, and George Fletcher were all the quill from Rowan and signed, then the 1776; he was a member of the General landowners and farmers who lived on the others. Men of courage were offering up a Assembly in 1778-79 and 1785, and a lifetime's savings along with their very lives, west side of the Cape Fear River in the all in the cause of precious liberty. militia colonel in the Revolution. Rockftsh Creek area. Existing records As the last patriot signed the paper, a Colonel Rowan owned property in show that most of them were young men cheer went up from the small crowd, and town, but spent much of this time at in their twenties and thirties; many of the afternoon stage from Hillsborough, turn­ Hollybrook, 4 miles away. He married them were kinsmen, either by birth or ing down the river hill toward Campbell­ Suzannah Grove, and had two sons and marriage; some were farmers, some town, slowed to give its curious driver and three daughters: Robert Jr., Thomas, artisans, but all of them owned land; passengers a glimpse of the strange tableau. Jane, Julia, and Suzannah. His daughter several had had positions in county gov­ A granite boulder erected some years ago Julia married John Louis Taylor, chief lists 39 signers. ernment, and were active after the The Colonial Records Volume X, pp. 29-30, justice of the Supreme Court of North Revolution in county or State govern­ shows 54 signers. Who were the missing 15? Carolina; daughter Suzannah married ment; and almost all of them served in And why were they not listed? Their names, John H~y;-prominent lawyer and politi­ the army. as given in the Colonial Records, were: cal figure. Robert Rowan died in 1798 These men were a hard-working, Peter Masser (Messer?), Thomas Ca.been, and was buried at Hollybrook. In 1972, unglamorous lot, historically obscure; Thomas Rea (Ray?), Daniel Douse, James his remains were moved to Cross Creek but this does not minimize the fact that Dick, John H. Wenson, One'rs West, Thomas Cemetery by the Robert Rowan Chapter White, James Giles, John Clendenin, George they made an invaluable contribution Barns (Barnes?), John Cara.way, Wm. Gil­ of the DAR. His tombstone describes him to the history of their country. In this lespy, James Pearl, Wm. Bathgate. as a man of integrity and "an early steady vein, I think it appropriate that the Note various spellings above. One'rs West friend to American independence." General Assembly of North Carolina has must have agonized over the signing of his Lewis Barge, the second signer of the introduced a joint resolution to honor name and finally resorted to abbreviation, resolves, was the descendant of French these early local patriots: for his name was Onesiphorous West. Why Huguenots who were forced to flee these signers' names were left off the granite France after Louis XIV revoked the Edict HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION boulder is not known to this writer. A joint resolution commemorating the Bi­ On February 26, 1776, eight months after of Nantes. Barge was a large landowner, centenary Anniversary of the Cumberland the Liberty Point Resolves, a large number of a hatter, innkeeper, planter, and brick­ County Association, Signers of the Liberty Loyalists were captured at the Battle of yard owner. Lewis Barge married and Point Resolves, of June 20, 1775 Moore's Creek and lodged in the jail at had 10 children. He is referred to in the Whereas, the economic, social, and polit­ Halifax. "Colonial Records of N.C."; in 1772, he ical life of Cumberland County, North Caro­ The manuscript records of the secretary was given the right to sit in the assembly; lina, was dominated in 1775 by families who of state's office gives the report of a com­ in 17 87, he became one of the seven di­ were loyal to the Crown of Great Britain; mittee that had been appointed to enquire rectors of Fayetteville; and he was com­ and into the conduct of the Tory prisoners at missioned a deputy by Governor Cas­ Whereas, the judicial, military, and admin­ Halifax and t.he charges against them. The istrative offices of Cumberland County were report listed charges against each prisoner well. During the war, Barge served as a largely controlled in 1775 by men of powe:i: of war: soldier with the North Carolina troops, and influence whose interests were inimical "That Morris Nowland did actually take up Wilmington district. to American freedom; and arms and go forth t-0 war, as captain of a James Gee was another hatter who Whereas, opposition to the arbitrary company, twenty men for the avowed pur­ signed the Resolves-England had re­ oppressions of Great Britain could be voiced pose of assisting the Enemies of America and voked the Colonies' i·ights to make hats. only at a real and imminent danger of loss of that he is a Freeholder and lives in Cross He came to Cross Creek before the Revo­ liberty and property; and Creek. Whereas, on June 20, 1775, 39 citizens of "That Aaron Verdie did actually take up lution, and established a large hat fac­ Cumberland County, at the risk of real and arms and go forth to War as Waggon Master tory, the second in America. Gee married imminent danger associated together at a to General McDonald's Army for the purpose Mary Walker of Wilmington, and had place now called Liberty Point and pledged aforesaid." nine children. After Gee signed the Re­ . their lives and fortunes to secure the free­ These two names, or ones very similar, are solves, he went to Wilmington on busi­ dom and safety of America from the arbi­ on the granite boulder at Liberty Point. What ness; along the way, he was captured by trar,y oppressions of Great Britain; and could have happened to change their loyal­ a band of Tories, who took him back to Whereas, the determined stand taken by ties? Were they unduly swayed by the per­ the 39 signers of the Cumberland County suasiveness of Robert Rowan, and when the Cross Creek, intending to rob the hat Association at Liberty Point was instrumen­ Royal Standard was raised at Cross Creek in factory. Gee's wife sent their daughter to tal in uniting American patriots in the Cape February carried a.way by visible signs of sound an alarm, and the Tories were Fear River Valley; a.nd British might? Or perhaps they were won by overwhelmed, taken prisoner and Whereas, American patriots in the Cape the honeyed cajoling of Flora MacDonald, hanged. Gee was a private in the war, Fear River Valley successfully overcame by who was doing what she" was sent to do: and died in 1804. force of arms on February 27, 1776, at Moore's 20928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE June 26, 1975 Creek Bridge, those who were loyal to t he Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Revised Office of Education grant pro­ British crown and who were inimical to Loan Mortgage Corporation. RED-75-847. cedures assure that Emergency School Aid American freedotn; and Examination of Financial Statements of budget authority will not lapse. ACG-75- Whereas, such examples led ultimately to the Government National Mortgage A.esocia­ 22. t he w1nnlng of American independence and tion for Fiscal Year 1974. FOD-75-17. Comments of proposed rescissions and de­ to the establishment of the oldest surviving Administration of the Alien Labor Certifi­ ferrals submitted to the Congress by the constitutional republic in the world; and cation Program Should Be Strengthened. President ln his ninth and tenth special Whereas, the Cumberland County Associa­ MWD-75-2. messages. ACG-75-23. tion of June 20, 1775, is popularly known as Project Head Start: Achievements and Release of' $46.1 million of impounded t he Liberty Point Resolves; and Problem. MWD-75-51. budget authority for Energy Research and Whereas, June 20, 1975, is the bicent en­ Observations on Sole-Source Procurement Development Administration programs. ary anniversary of the Cumberland County and Overruns. GGD-75-81. ACG-75-24. Association, or Liberty Point Resolves; and Federal Guidance Needed if Halfway Comments on rescissions and deferrals Whereas, the State of North Carolina Houses Are To Be a Viable Alternative to proposed by the President in his eleventh stands continually in debt to her Revolu­ Prison. GGD-75-70. special message. ACG-75-25. tionary war patriots: Now, therefore, be it National Aeronautics and Space Adminis­ Allegations about the Corps of Engineers' Resolved. by the House of Representatives tration's .Equal Employment Opportunity laud acquisition practices for the Tocks (the Senate concurring): Program Could Be Improved. FPCD-75-107. Island Lake project. New Jersey. RED-75-362. SECTION 1. That the General Assembly of Review of Certain Aspects of the Hill-Bur­ Progress of the Federal Energy Adminis­ North Carolina acknowledge its very real ton Health Fa.cllities Construction and Mod­ tra. tion in improving its compliance and en­ sense of obligation to the 89 signers of the ernization Program. MWD-74-159. forcement effort. OSP-75-12. CUmberland County Association, or Liberty Need for Regulating the Food Salvage In­ Air Force procurement of technical order Point Resol'Ves, of June 20, 1775. dustry to Prevent Sales of Unwholesome and manuals for B-52 and C-185 airccraft. PSAD- SEC. 2. That the bicentenary anniversary of Misbranded Foods to the Public. MWD-75- 75-71. the Cumberland County Association, June 20, 64. Car-rental practices of agencies of the De­ 1975, be declared a statewide day of cele­ Review of Preliminary Estimates of Evacu­ partment of Health, Education, and Wel­ bration to be known under the style and ation Costs, Temporary Care, and Resettle­ fare. B-160-781. title of "Liberty Point Resolves Day". ment Costs of Vietnamese and Cambodian Statistics on administration of Public SEC. S. That the text of this resolution Refugees. ID-75-68. Health Service Hospitals. MWD-75-79. shall be gazetted in the newspapers, "The Funding and Reporting of Agency for In­ Assessment of recreational benefits claimed Fayetteville Observer" and "The Fayetteville ternational Development Overhead Costs for the Corps of Engineers• LaForge Lake Tim.es", published in the City of Fayetteville, Should Be More Realistic. ID-75-50. reservoir and dam project in Wisconsin. RED- North Carolina. Inefficient Management of F-14 Spare Parts. 75-351. SEC. 4. That a copy of this resolution shall PSAS-75-70. Effect of Section 22 of the Interstate Com­ be sent by the Secretary of State to the The United States Should Recover Full merce Act on costs of Department of Defense commissioners of the County of Cumberland, Costs of Reimbursable Satellite Launches. motor carrier truckload and household goods to the Mayor of the City of Fayettevme, and LCD-74-107. van carrier shipments. TCD-75-3. to the Chairman of the Cumberland County Improvements Needed in Making and in Dayton. Ohio Model Cities Planning Coun­ Bicentennial Committee. Reporting on Technical Evaluations of Non­ cil. RED-75-855. SEC. 5. This resolution shall become effec­ competitive Price Proposals. PSAD-75-80. Comments on OMB statements concerning tive upon its ratification. The Military Commissary Store: Its Jus­ GAO's report "Number of Items in the Fed­ tifi.cation and Role in Today's MiUtary En­ eral Supply Catalog Can Be Reduced" (B- vironment: FPCD-75-88. 146778, Oct. 21. 1974). LCD-75-440. Improvements Needed in Controls and Ac­ Termination of Defense assistance to South counting for Ground Vehicle Petroleum. Vietnam. ID-75-70. MONTHLY LIST OF GAO REPORTS LCD-75-218. Office of Management and Budget and Civil Status of Selected Major Weapon Systems. Service Commission methods to accomplish PSAD-75-83. the goal of reducing the Feder.al work force Uniform Treatment of Prisoners Under the by 40,000 by the end of fiscal year 1975. HON. JACK BROOKS Military Correctional Fa.cllities Act currently FPCD-75-129. OF TEXAS Not Being Achieved. FPCD-75-125. Air Force and Navy pilot and navigator IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Potential of Value Analysis for Reducing training rates for fiscal year 1976 and reim­ Wednesday, June 25, 1975 Waste Treatment Plant Costs. RED-75-367. bursements for training foreign pilots. Efforts to Develop Two Nuclear Concepts FPCD-75-151. Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, the That Could Greatly Improve This Country's Lax administration of State petroleum set­ monthly list of GAO reports includes Future Energy Situation. RED-75-365, aside programs by the Federal Energy Ad­ summaries of reports which were pre­ Cost and Schedule Estimates for the Na­ ministration. OSP-75-13. by tion's First Liquid Metal Fa.st Breeder Re­ Need to convince Government agencies of pared the staff of the General Ac­ actor Demonstration Powerplant. RED-75- the merits of planning for the use of execu­ counting Office. The monthly list of GAO 358. tive manpower. FPCD-75-155. reports and/ or copies of the full texts Controlling the Radiation Hazard from Need for closer monitoring by the Social are available from the U.S. Government Uranium Mill Tailings. RED-75-358. and Rehabilitation Service of State reim­ Printing Office, room 4522, 441 G Street, Further Action Needed on Recommenda­ bursements of hospitals for inpatient services N.W., Washington, D.C. 20548. Phone tions for Improving the Administration of furnished under Medicaid. MWD-75-78. (202) 386-6594. The June 1975 list Federal Coal-Leasing Program. RED-75-346. Need for the Army a.nd Air Force to co­ includes: How Solar Energy Was Treated in the AEC ordinate modernization of depot level main­ Chairman's Report. "The Nation's Solar Fu­ tenance facWties in the Sacramento, Cali­ U.S. Fishing Industry Can Be Strengthened fornia area. LCD-75-448. by Developing underutllized Fish Resources. ture." RED-75-280. Accounting and internal control systems GGD-75-68. More Effective Procedures Are Needed for for receipt and disbursement transactions at Evaluation of the Capital Cost Estimate for Establishing Payment Terms and Develop­ HEW agency headquarters and regional of­ the Metro Rapid Trail Transit System. PSAD- ment Periods for Irrigation Projects. RED- fices. FGMSD-75-32. 75-85. 75-372. Legal Decisions and Opinions of the Comp­ Information on the Secondary Mortgage Additionally, letter reports are summar­ t roller General of the General Account ing Market Activities of the Federal National ized including: Office.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, June 26, 1975 The House met at 10: 30 a.m. people health of body, clarity of mind. July, renew our faith in freedom and our Rev. Carroll Hubbard, Sr., director, and nobility of spirit necessary to meet dedication to the lofty principles of a community affairs, Southern Baptist the responsibilities of high office. May democracy under God. Theological Seminary, Louisville, Ky., of­ they have the ability to discern issues This we ask in the name of Him who fered the following prayer: correctly, the strength to support their is Lord of all. Amen. Eternal God, our Father, we humbly convictions with due regard for others, acknowledge Thy blessing upon this Na­ and a willingness to work together for THE JOURNAL tion. We are grateful for our heritage of the good of the country and for the rule faith and prayer. of righteousness on Earth. The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex­ Grant to these representatives of the As we approach another Fourth of amined the Journal of the last day's pro-