Michael Posluns Fonds (F0382)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Michael Posluns Fonds (F0382) York University Archives & Special Collections (CTASC) Finding Aid - Michael Posluns fonds (F0382) Generated by Access to Memory (AtoM) 2.5.3 Printed: May 11, 2020 Language of description: English York University Archives & Special Collections (CTASC) 305 Scott Library, 4700 Keele Street, York University Toronto Ontario Canada M3J 1P3 Telephone: 416-736-5442 Fax: 416-650-8039 Email: [email protected] http://www.library.yorku.ca/ccm/ArchivesSpecialCollections/index.htm https://atom.library.yorku.ca//index.php/michael-posluns-fonds Michael Posluns fonds Table of contents Summary information .................................................................................................................................... 38 Administrative history / Biographical sketch ................................................................................................ 38 Scope and content ......................................................................................................................................... 38 Notes .............................................................................................................................................................. 39 Access points ................................................................................................................................................. 39 Collection holdings ........................................................................................................................................ 39 1989-020, Accession 1989-020 (1965-1977, [198-]) ................................................................................. 39 1989-020/001(01), Federation of Saskatchewan, Indian Justice system submission (1984) ................... 40 1989-020/001(02), Developmental and J. S Estimated Budget ([198-?]) ............................................... 40 1989-020/001(03), Institute for the Development of Indian Law and the Indian Justice Commission ([198-?]) .................................................................................................................................................... 41 1989-020/001(04), Indian Self- Government (1983) ............................................................................... 41 1989-020/001(05), Land Claims Settlement (1983) ................................................................................ 41 1989-020/001(06), Notes for a Lobby on 12 (1) (b) FSIN ([198-?]) ...................................................... 42 1989-020/001(07), FSIN Release (8 Mar.-12 Apr. 1984) ....................................................................... 42 1989-020/001(08), News Release FSIN ([198-?]) ................................................................................... 42 1989-020/001(09), SINCO- Bill C-52 Analysis ([198-?]) ...................................................................... 43 1989-020/001(10), Churchill River Worship Notes, Correspondence Newspaper (1975-1977) ............. 43 1989-020/001(11), Grassy Narrows Indian Reserve (1983-1984) .......................................................... 44 1989-020/001(12), Half Breed Commissions ([198-?]) ........................................................................... 44 1989-020/001(13), Hobbema, Alta Materials (1983-1984) ..................................................................... 44 1989-020/001(14), Indian Administration (1982) ................................................................................... 45 1989-020/001(15), Indian Association Of Alberta (1960-1961) ............................................................. 45 1989-020/001(16), Indian Law Resource Center ([197-?]) ..................................................................... 45 1989-020/001(17), International Indian Treaty Council ([197-?]) .......................................................... 46 1989-020/001(18), National Council of Welfare, Applications (1 of 2) (1971-1977) ............................ 46 1989-020/001(19), National Council of Welfare, Applications (2 of 2) (1971-1977) ............................ 46 1989-020/001(20), Inuit Leadership Workshops (1983) ......................................................................... 47 1989-020/001(21), Inuivialuit, Notes, Maps, Commons debate (1984) .................................................. 47 1989-020/001(22), Iroquois (1975) .......................................................................................................... 47 1989-020/001(23), James Smith Indian Reserve (1984) ......................................................................... 48 1989-020/001(24), Little Buffalo Band (1984) ....................................................................................... 48 1989-020/001(25), Long Lake Indian Band (4 Apr. 1984) ..................................................................... 48 1989-020/001(26), Manitoba All Chiefs, Budget info, Correspondence (1983-1984) ............................ 49 York University Archives & Special Collections (CTASC) Page 2 Michael Posluns fonds 1989-020/001(27), Manitoulin Island (1984) .......................................................................................... 49 1989-020/001(28), Metis Association of the N.W.T. (1984) .................................................................. 49 1989-020/001(29), Indian Rights and Treaties research Program of the FSIN, “Treaty rights of the first part” The contractor of the second part (1984) ....................................................................................... 50 1989-020/001(30), Status Report Regarding NWTMA, Prepared on request for NWTMA (27 Oct. 1983) ......................................................................................................................................................... 50 1989-020/001(31), Ontario Metis and NDN- Status Indian Association (1982) ..................................... 51 1989-020/001(32), Clippings and Briefing Notes, RE Indian Self Government Musqueam Band, etc (1983-1984) .............................................................................................................................................. 51 1989-020/001(33), Musqueam Band / Appeal Judgment (1983) ............................................................ 51 1989-020/001(34), James Bay Cree, Clippings, Info (1980-1982) ......................................................... 52 1989-020/001(35), National Indian Business Association- NIBA (1983-1984) ..................................... 52 1989-020/001(36), Native Council of Canada, NCC (1982-1983) ......................................................... 52 1989-020/001(37), Native Indian Brotherhood, Correspondence Draft of Constitution etc (1982) ........ 53 1989-020/001(38), Restigouche Situation, NIB (1981) ........................................................................... 53 1989-020/001(39), A discussion of Leverage, (N I B) (1980) ................................................................ 53 1989-020/001(40), NIB, Policy Paper: Indian Control of Indian Education (1976) ............................... 54 1989-020/001(41), NIB/ Political Relationships (1977-1979) ................................................................ 54 1989-020/001(42), Dept. of Northern Saskatchewan and NDP Govt. Materials (1974) ......................... 54 1989-020/001(43), New Credit Band (1984) ........................................................................................... 55 1989-020/001(44), Nishga (1982-1983) .................................................................................................. 55 1989-020/001(45), Anishnawbe-aski Nation (1984) ............................................................................... 55 1989-020/001(46), PTO Addresses (1982) .............................................................................................. 56 1989-020/001(47), Bella Coola, Nuxalk Tribal Nation (1984) ............................................................... 56 1989-020/001(48), Peguis Reserve (1983-1984) ..................................................................................... 56 1989-020/001(49), St Regis Indian Reserve (1983) ................................................................................ 57 1989-020/001(50), Shoal Lake Indian Band (1984) ................................................................................ 57 1989-020/001(52), Temagami Band, Clippings, Correspondence (1984) ............................................... 58 1989-020/001(53), Tobique Band (1983) ................................................................................................ 58 1989-020/001(54), Native Council of Canada ([198-?]) ......................................................................... 58 1989-020/001(55), Tyendinaga Reserve (1984) ...................................................................................... 59 1989-020/001(56), Indian Association of Alberta (1983) ....................................................................... 59 1989-020/001(57), Union of Nova Scotia Indians (1983-1984) ............................................................. 59 1989-020/001(58), Union of Ontario Indians - Contract/ Proposals (1983) ........................................... 60 1989-020/001(59), Union of Ontario Indians - Correspondence- (1983) ................................................ 60 1989-020/001(60), NIB Material, Correspondence Re Statement by Noel Starblanket (22
Recommended publications
  • The Allocation of Burdens in Litigation Between First Nations and the Crown Michael Wilfred Posluns
    Osgoode Hall Law School of York University Osgoode Digital Commons LLM Theses Theses and Dissertations 2014 The Allocation of Burdens in Litigation Between First Nations and the Crown Michael Wilfred Posluns Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/llm Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation Posluns, Michael Wilfred, "The Allocation of Burdens in Litigation Between First Nations and the Crown" (2014). LLM Theses. 7. http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/llm/7 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LLM Theses by an authorized administrator of Osgoode Digital Commons. The Allocation of Burdens in Litigation Between First Nations and the Crown Michael Posluns A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAW GRADUATE PROGRAM IN LAW OSGOODE HALL LAW SCHOOL, YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO December 2013 © Michael Posluns, 2013 ABSTRACT This thesis is about two inter-related matters: first, the allocation of burdens of proof in litigation between First Nations and the Crown; and, secondly, the reaction or response of the Crown to the Court’s allocations of burdens, as evidenced in the subsequent cases. Since “burdens of proof” refers to matters of fact and evidence, I refer simply to “burdens”, emphasizing that, I mean all the burdens allocated by a Court and which the Court expects the parties to discharge in order for their case to succeed. My initial interest was in the response of the Crown to the allocation of burdens by the Court and related admonitions.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Laws for Making and Maintaining Relations Against the Sovereignty of the State
    We All Belong: Indigenous Laws for Making and Maintaining Relations Against the Sovereignty of the State by Amar Bhatia A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science Faculty of Law University of Toronto © Copyright by Amar Bhatia 2018 We All Belong: Indigenous Laws for Making and Maintaining Relations Against the Sovereignty of the State Amar Bhatia Doctor of Juridical Science Faculty of Law University of Toronto 2018 Abstract This dissertation proposes re-asserting Indigenous legal authority over immigration in the face of state sovereignty and ongoing colonialism. Chapter One examines the wider complex of Indigenous laws and legal traditions and their relationship to matters of “peopling” and making and maintaining relations with the land and those living on it. Chapter Two shows how the state came to displace the wealth of Indigenous legal relations described in Chapter One. I mainly focus here on the use of the historical treaties and the Indian Act to consolidate Canadian sovereignty at the direct expense of Indigenous laws and self- determination. Conventional notions of state sovereignty inevitably interrupt the revitalization of Indigenous modes of making and maintaining relations through treaties and adoption. Chapter Three brings the initial discussion about Indigenous laws and treaties together with my examination of Canadian sovereignty and its effect on Indigenous jurisdiction over peopling. I review the case of a Treaty One First Nation’s customary adoption of a precarious status migrant and the related attempt to prevent her removal from Canada on this basis. While this attempt was ii unsuccessful, I argue that an alternative approach to treaties informed by Indigenous laws would have recognized the staying power of Indigenous adoption.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Partial Histories: Constituting a Conflict between Women's Equality Rights and Indigenous Sovereignty in Canada Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59c8k7c0 Author Painter, Genevieve Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Partial Histories: Constituting a Conflict between Women's Equality Rights and Indigenous Sovereignty in Canada by Genevieve Painter A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge Professor Calvin K. Morrill, Chair Professor Leti P. Volpp Professor Marianne Constable Fall 2015 Abstract Partial Histories: Constituting a Conflict between Women's Equality Rights and Indigenous Sovereignty in Canada by Genevieve Painter Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy University of California, Berkeley Professor Calvin K. Morrill, Chair This dissertation is a history of an idea, a retelling of a simple story about an idea as a complicated one, and an explanation of the effects of believing the simple story. From 1869 to 1985, to be an Indian in the eyes of the Canadian state – to be a “status Indian” – a person had to have a status Indian father. The Canadian government registered a population of Indigenous people as status Indians and decided that Indian status passed along the male line. If an Indian man married a non-Indian woman, his wife gained status and their children were status Indians. In contrast, if a status Indian woman married a non-Indian man, she lost her Indian status, and her children were not status Indians.
    [Show full text]
  • Dismantling Colonialism, Building Understanding by Neil Kohlmann
    An Advisory Research Paper for the Mosaic Institute Dismantling Colonialism, Building Understanding By Neil Kohlmann 2 Bloor St W, PO BOX 100 [email protected] Toronto ON, M4W 3E2 mosaicinstitute.ca 416 644 6000 (EXT 680) @MosaicInstitute Dismantling Colonialism, Building Understanding An Advisory Research Paper for the Mosaic Institute Table of Contents Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................................... 03 Note from the Author........................................................................................................................................ 04 A Note on Definitions........................................................................................................................................ 06 About the Mosaic Institute.............................................................................................................................. 08 The National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls............................. 10 The Elements of a Network of Understanding........................................................................................... 11 Settler-Colonial Hegemony.................................................................................................................12 Colonial Structures...............................................................................................................................14 Confronting Genocide.........................................................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • Decolonization, Indigenous Internationalism, and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples
    Decolonization, Indigenous Internationalism, and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples by Jonathan Crossen A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2014 ©Jonathan Crossen 2014 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This dissertation investigates the history of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP) and the broader movement of Indigenous internationalism. It argues that Indigenous internationalists were inspired by the process of decolonization, and used its logic to establish a new political identity. The foundation of the WCIP helped create a network of Indigenous peoples that expressed international solidarity between historically unconnected communities. The international efforts of Indigenous activists were encouraged both by personal experiences of international travel and post-secondary education, and by the general growth of international non-governmental organizations during the late twentieth century. The growing importance of international non-governmental organizations helped the WCIP secure funding from international developmental aid agencies, a factor which pushed the organization to increase its focus on apolitical economic development relative to the anti-colonial objectives which inspired its foundation. This dissertation examines how Indigenous international organizations became embroiled in the Cold War conflict in Latin America, and the difficulties this situation posed for both the WCIP and the International Indian Treaty Council.
    [Show full text]
  • "“It's Our Country”: First Nations' Participation in the Indian Pavilion
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Érudit Article "“It’s Our Country”: First Nations’ Participation in the Indian Pavilion at Expo 67" Myra Rutherdale et Jim Miller Journal of the Canadian Historical Association / Revue de la Société historique du Canada, vol. 17, n° 2, 2006, p. 148-173. Pour citer cet article, utiliser l'information suivante : URI: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/016594ar DOI: 10.7202/016594ar Note : les règles d'écriture des références bibliographiques peuvent varier selon les différents domaines du savoir. Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter à l'URI https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal, l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998. Pour communiquer avec les responsables d'Érudit : [email protected] Document téléchargé le 9 février 2017 11:39 ONLINE JOURNAL OF THE CHA 2006 REVUE EN LIGNE DE LA S.H.C. “It’s Our Country”: First Nations’ Participation in the Indian Pavilion at Expo 67 MYRA RUTHERDALE AND JIM MILLER Abstract This paper traces the history of Aboriginal people’s participation in national spectacle and argues that the Indian Pavilion at Expo 67 was unique in its assertion of the portrayal of Native/Newcomer relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Building on Critical Approaches to International Law with Lessons from the Fourth World
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank AMAR BHATIA * The South of the North: Building on Critical Approaches to International Law with Lessons from the Fourth World Prologue ........................................................................................... 131 Introduction ...................................................................................... 134 I. Where Language and History Might Fail .............................. 137 A. On Speaking Without Being Heard ................................ 137 B. The History of International Law, Take Two? ............... 142 C. Indigenous Inter-National Laws ..................................... 145 D. Recurring Themes in Two Examples ............................. 147 II. Where TWAIL Might Fail? The Third World is not Enough ................................................................................... 150 III. TWAIL 3 and Indigenous Peoples ........................................ 156 IV. From 1492 to 1924: “The Redman’s Appeal For Justice” .... 159 Conclusion ........................................................................................ 171 PROLOGUE In the 1974 book The Fourth World: An Indian Reality , George Manuel 1 and Michael Posluns 2 present a memoir of Manuel’s life to * S.J.D. Candidate (Faculty of Law, University of Toronto). This Article draws upon and forms part of my larger doctoral research examining the intersection of racialized migrants, Indigenous peoples and
    [Show full text]
  • Expanding the Praxis of Indigenous Rights: Alternatives to Colonial Relations in the Regional Land Use Planning Process of the Mushkegowuk Cree
    EXPANDING THE PRAXIS OF INDIGENOUS RIGHTS: ALTERNATIVES TO COLONIAL RELATIONS IN THE REGIONAL LAND USE PLANNING PROCESS OF THE MUSHKEGOWUK CREE RYAN BOWIE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO December, 2017 © Ryan Bowie, 2017 Abstract This research examines the conflict between provincial and Indigenous land use planning approaches in northern Ontario that involve the traditional territories of the Mushkegowuk Cree. Specifically, I examine how the politics of resurgence were evident in the Mushkegowuk Regional Land Use Planning initiative (2008-2015) in ways that challenged or broadened the conception of rights reconciliation envisioned in the Ontario government’s Far North Act (2010). Significant tensions often exist between the goals of state directed environmental governance and management initiatives, and the needs and aspirations of Indigenous communities. Therefore, Indigenous communities in some instances have unilaterally developed their own initiatives, shifting the praxis of rights from participation in the institutions of the state, towards autonomous nation-building exercises. The Mushkegowuk Land Use Planning initiative is representative of this shift in rights praxis where Indigenous driven environmental governance and management processes potentially provide for more robust foundations to realize community goals, and for negotiating with state governments and other interests. The dissertation explores how a politics of resurgence might transcend the sphere of culture to support self-determination in the governance and management of Indigenous homelands. It does so by first developing a theory of resurgent rights praxis by examining Indigenist thinking on the subjects of self-determination and cultural resurgence.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous History and Incarceration in Canada, 1834-1996
    Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 2016 More than Stone and Iron: Indigenous History and Incarceration in Canada, 1834-1996 Seth Adema Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Criminology Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the Oral History Commons Recommended Citation Adema, Seth, "More than Stone and Iron: Indigenous History and Incarceration in Canada, 1834-1996" (2016). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1826. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1826 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MORE THAN STONE AND IRON: INDIGENOUS HISTORY AND INCARCERATION IN CANADA 1834-1996 by Seth Adema Honours Bachelor of Arts (History) McMaster University, 2010 Master of Arts (History), McMaster University, 2011 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Doctor of Philosophy in History Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo, Ontario, Canada © Seth Adema 2016 Abstract This dissertation examines Indigenous (First Nation, Métis, and Inuit) history as played out in Canadian prisons. It argues that in the prison, processes of colonialism, decolonization, and neocolonialism took place simultaneously. In the nineteenth century, the prison was built as part of a network of colonial institutions and polices. It was imagined, designed, and built by representatives of the Canadian state alongside other colonial institutions, drawing on similar intellectual traditions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Allocation of Burdens in Litigation Between First Nations and the Crown Michael Posluns a THESIS SUBMITTED to the FACULTY O
    The Allocation of Burdens in Litigation Between First Nations and the Crown Michael Posluns A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAW GRADUATE PROGRAM IN LAW OSGOODE HALL LAW SCHOOL, YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO December 2013 © Michael Posluns, 2013 ABSTRACT This thesis is about two inter-related matters: first, the allocation of burdens of proof in litigation between First Nations and the Crown; and, secondly, the reaction or response of the Crown to the Court’s allocations of burdens, as evidenced in the subsequent cases. Since “burdens of proof” refers to matters of fact and evidence, I refer simply to “burdens”, emphasizing that, I mean all the burdens allocated by a Court and which the Court expects the parties to discharge in order for their case to succeed. My initial interest was in the response of the Crown to the allocation of burdens by the Court and related admonitions. In pursuing this matter it became evident that I needed to establish what allocations the Court had set out and what admonitions it had made as regards previous arguments of the Crown. There are two sets of viewpoints that I examine in this paper: The first is the jurisprudential view as to the allocation of burdens in the Aboriginal and treaty rights cases that I discuss here. The second is the more political and policy-based view of the Crown, federal or provincial, as to its burdens of proof and related burdens, such as the duty to consult and to accommodate, previously set out by the Court.
    [Show full text]
  • Building on on Critical Approaches to International Law with Lessons from the Fourth World
    Osgoode Hall Law School of York University Osgoode Digital Commons Articles & Book Chapters Faculty Scholarship 2012 The South of the North: Building on on Critical Approaches to International Law with Lessons from the Fourth World Amar Bhatia Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, [email protected] Source Publication: Oregon Review of International Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/scholarly_works Part of the International Law Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Repository Citation Bhatia, Amar, "The South of the North: Building on on Critical Approaches to International Law with Lessons from the Fourth World" (2012). Articles & Book Chapters. 2545. https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/scholarly_works/2545 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles & Book Chapters by an authorized administrator of Osgoode Digital Commons. AMAR BHATIA* The South of the North: Building on Critical Approaches to International Law with Lessons from the Fourth World Prologue ........................................................................................... 131 Introduction ......................................................................................134 I. Where Language and History Might Fail .............................. 137 A. On Speaking Without Being Heard ...............................
    [Show full text]
  • The Cold War and Indigenous People
    The Cold War and Indigenous People by Scott Michael Harrison A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2014 ©Scott Michael Harrison 2014 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract The second half of the twentieth century saw dramatic state movements and expansions around the world into Indigenous people’s territories. These state expansions incorporated more of the earth than any time in the past and this shaped Indigenous – non-Indigenous relations around the world. This study examines global post-1945 Indigenous people’s history through the lens of the Cold War. Themes addressed herein on the intersections of Indigenous people and the Cold War include modernity, non-Indigenous components of indigenism, decolonization, Cold War structures—particularly the San Francisco System in the Asia-Pacific—, and the nuclear arms race. This study offers a new perspective on the global movement of Indigenous people during the second half of the twentieth century and expands Cold War history beyond interstate relations. It argues that the extent of change in Indigenous societies during the four and a half decades after World War II were so immense that we can place the Cold War alongside other broad patterns of global forces influencing the shape of Indigenous history, including first contacts, the spread of epidemic diseases, missionary work, and colonialism, and that Indigenous territories were essential geographies for waging Cold War.
    [Show full text]