DOCSLIB.ORG

Immigration Policy and Crime

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Immigration Policy and Crime XV European Conference Immigration Policy and Crime Francesco Fasani, Ludovica Gazzè, Paolo Pinotti and Marco Tonello Immigration policy and crime* Paolo Pinotti Francesco Fasani Bocconi University IAE‐CSIC & Barcelona GSE Ludovica Gazzè Marco Tonello MIT Bank of Italy Report prepared for the XV European Conference of the Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti “Legal and Illegal Careers” Caserta June 22, 2013 * Josh Angrist provided invaluable mentoring, critical insight and enthusiastic support. We thank Alessandra Camporota, Angelo Caruso, Massimo Fasciani, Gemma De Filippo, Vincenzo Gattagrisi, Emanuele Maugeri, Antonella Misiani and Salvatore Rametta of the Italian Ministry of Interior for disclosing the data on residence permits and crime, and Giancarlo Blangiardo and Ilaria Cingottini for providing part of the data used in Chapters 3 and 4. We also thank Dimitrios Bermperoglou, Giammarco Cezza and Giulia Tagliaferri for skilful research assistance. The views expressed in this work by Marco Tonello are those of the author and do not reflect those of the Bank of Italy. 1 2 Table of contents Immigration policy and crime .................................................................................................... 1 Table of contents ........................................................................................................................... 3 List of figures ................................................................................................................................. 5 List of tables .................................................................................................................................. 7 List of Appendix Table ................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1 ‐ Migration Policy, Legal status and Crime: Perceptions and Some Stylized Facts .... 16 1.1. Attitudes toward immigrants .......................................................................................... 16 1.2. Legal and illegal immigration: perceptions vs. Reality .................................................... 22 1.3. Immigrants’ involvement in criminal activity: preliminary evidence .............................. 26 1.4. Migration policy and illegal migration ............................................................................ 30 1.1. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 2 ‐ Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................ 33 2.1. The individual problem ................................................................................................... 33 2.2. Migration policy and the selection of immigrants .......................................................... 35 2.2.1. Restrictions to legal migration ................................................................................ 35 2.2.2. Enforcement of migration restrictions .................................................................... 35 2.3. Legal status and criminal activity .................................................................................... 36 2.4. Identification ................................................................................................................... 37 Chapter 3 – Migration Policy and Crime in Italy ......................................................................... 40 3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 40 3.2. Migration in Italy ............................................................................................................. 40 3.3. Migration policy in Italy: Legislative framework and actual practices ............................ 41 3.3.1. The quota system .................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1.1. The theory… .................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1.2. … and the practice ........................................................................................... 43 3.3.1.3. Quotas and labor demand ............................................................................... 44 3.3.2. Amnesties ................................................................................................................ 47 3.3.3. Migration policy enforcement ................................................................................ 50 3.4. Migration and crime in Italy ............................................................................................ 53 3.4.1. Italian and immigrants: from criminal charges to prison ........................................ 53 3.4.2. Areas of origin ......................................................................................................... 56 3.4.3. Criminal offences ..................................................................................................... 57 3.4.4. The role of legal status ............................................................................................ 59 3.4.5. Immigrants as victims of crime ............................................................................... 59 3 3.5. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 60 3.6. Tables .............................................................................................................................. 61 3.7. Appendix ......................................................................................................................... 66 A1. Italian legislation on migration .................................................................................... 66 A2. The ISMU survey.......................................................................................................... 67 Chapter 4 – Legal Status and Crime in Italian Cities: Evidence from Policy Experiments ........... 69 4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 69 4.2. Does immigrants’ crime fall after an amnesty? .............................................................. 69 4.2.1. Evidence from repeated amnesty programs ............................................................... 70 4.2.1.1. Empirical strategy ................................................................................................ 71 4.2.1.2. Data and descriptive statistics............................................................................. 74 4.2.1.3. Results ................................................................................................................. 75 4.2.2. Evidence from the largest Italian amnesty .................................................................. 77 4.2.2.1. Empirical strategy and identification issues ........................................................ 77 4.2.2.2. Descriptive statistics ............................................................................................ 79 4.2.2.3. Results ................................................................................................................. 79 4.3. The 2007 “click day” and immigrants’ crime .................................................................. 81 4.3.1. Institutional setting: the 2007 “click‐day”............................................................... 81 4.3.2. Empirical strategy .................................................................................................... 86 4.3.3. Descriptive statistics ................................................................................................ 88 4.3.4. Results ..................................................................................................................... 90 4.4. Concluding remarks ......................................................................................................... 92 4.4.1. Empirical findings from an aggregate analysis ........................................................ 92 4.4.2. Discussion ................................................................................................................ 93 4.5. Insights from an individual‐level analysis .................................................................... 95 4.6. Tables .............................................................................................................................. 97 4.7. Appendix ....................................................................................................................... 108 A. Appendix ‐ The 2007 “click‐day”: Further robustness checks ....................................... 108 B. Data appendix ............................................................................................................... 109 a. Criminal charges of foreign born citizens .................................................................. 109 b. Investigation System Database (ISD) ......................................................................... 109 C. Appendix tables ............................................................................................................. 112 Chapter
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Everyday Intolerance- Racist and Xenophic Violence in Italy
    Italy H U M A N Everyday Intolerance R I G H T S Racist and Xenophobic Violence in Italy WATCH Everyday Intolerance Racist and Xenophobic Violence in Italy Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-746-9 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org March 2011 ISBN: 1-56432-746-9 Everyday Intolerance Racist and Xenophobic Violence in Italy I. Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations to the Italian Government ............................................................ 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 4 II. Background ................................................................................................................. 5 The Scale of the Problem ................................................................................................. 9 The Impact of the Media ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Race and Crime, We Must First Set the Parameters of the Discussion, Which Include Relevant Definitions and the Scope of Our Review
    Overview CHAPTER 1 of Race and Crime Because skin color is socially constructed, it can also be reconstructed. Thus, when the descendants of the European immigrants began to move up economically and socially, their skins apparently began to look lighter to the whites who had come to America before them. When enough of these descendants became visibly middle class, their skin was seen as fully white. The biological skin color of the second and third generations had not changed, but it was socially blanched or whitened. —Herbert J. Gans (2005) t a time when the United States is more diverse than ever, with the minority popula- tion topping 100 million (one in every three U.S. residents; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010), the notion of race seems to permeate almost every facet of American life. A Certainly, one of the more highly charged aspects of the race dialogue relates to crime. Before embarking on an overview of race and crime, we must first set the parameters of the discussion, which include relevant definitions and the scope of our review. When speaking of race, it is always important to remind readers of the history of the concept and some current definitions. The idea of race originated 5,000 years ago in India, but it was also prevalent among the Chinese, Egyptians, and Jews (Gossett, 1963). Although François Bernier (1625–1688) is usually credited with first classifying humans into distinct races, Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) invented the first system of categorizing plants and humans. It was, however, Johan Frederich Blumenbach (1752–1840) who developed the first taxonomy of race.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Adaptations of Mediterranean Sheep and Goats Through an Integrative Approach
    Supplemental Information for: Local adaptations of Mediterranean sheep and goats through an integrative approach Bruno Serranito 1,2# , Marco Cavalazzi 3# , Pablo Vidal 4, Dominique Taurisson-Mouret 5, Elena Ciani 6, Marie Bal 3, Eric Rouvellac 3, Bertrand Servin 7, Carole Moreno-Romieux 7, Gwenola Tosser-Klopp 7, Stephen J. G. Hall 8, Johannes A. Lenstra 9, François Pompanon 10 , Badr Benjelloun 10,11 , Anne Da Silva 1* #: Serranito B. and Cavalazzi M. should be considered joint first author * Correspondence: [email protected] Table of Contents: Supplementary Table 1. Initial list breeds for the constitution of the datasets. Page 1 Supplementary Figure 1. Synthetic schema of the main steps for the Page 2 proposed approach. Supplementary Figure 2. Goat and sheep cradles description as a function of Pages 3-4 environmental variables: Synthetic descriptions of cradles and some characteristic breed phenotypic traits. Supplementary Table 2. Description of the breeds included in the sheep and Pages 5 -16 goat datasets. Number of individuals considered, country of origin, information on the breed history, geographical definition of the cradle, description of the breed, use and status. Supplementary Figure 3. LD analyses for sheep and goats. Page 17 Supplementary Text 1. Genetic structure assessment: admixture analyses, Pages 18 -20 sNMF cross-entropies and Mantel tests. Supplementary Figure 4 . Mapping display for sheep and goats, of the Pages 21 -22 geographical cradles and the GPS coordinates of the sampled points; statistical comparisons for the variables Annual Mean Temperature, Annual Mean Precipitation and Altitude between the distributions obtained by the cradle method and the GPS area method, display of the results via boxplots.
    [Show full text]
  • Discursos Frente a La Migración Y Teorías De
    Horacio Aarón Saavedra Archundia Superando las Fronteras del Discurso Migratorio: los Conceptos de las Teorías de las Relaciones Internacionales en la Aceptación y el Rechazo de los Indocumentados Mexicanos a partir de la Era del NAFTA Jenseits des Migrationsdiskurses: Theoriekonzepte der Internationalen Beziehungen zur Aufnahme bzw. Ablehnung der so genannten ―illegalen mexikanischen Einwanderer― im Zeitalter der NAFTA Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Sozialwissenschaften in der Fakultät für Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenscahften der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen 2008 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Fakultät für Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften der Universität Tübingen Hauptberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Andreas Boeckh Mitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Burchardt Dekan: Prof. Dr. Ansgar Thiel Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 30.09.2008 Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen 1 Indice General Introducción ............................................................................................................. 4 1. Revisión histórica: antecedentes de la concepción del migrante en Estados Unidos ................................................................................................................. 19 2. Revisión teórica: paradigmas internacionales, ................................................ 46 3. Los agentes políticos de EU en la primera década de vigencia del TLCAN: las éticas del guerrero, tendero y profeta ............................................................... 78 4. Caso de estudio
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration Act of 1924 from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Immigration Act of 1924 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson–Reed Act, including the National Origins Act, and Asian Exclusion Act (Pub.L. 68-139, 43 Stat. 153, enacted May 26, 1924), was a United States federal law that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890, down from the 3% cap set by the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921, according to the Census of 1890. It superseded the 1921 Emergency Quota Act. The law was aimed at further restricting the Southern and Eastern Europeans, mainly Jews fleeing persecution in Poland and Russia, who were immigrating in large numbers starting in the 1890s, as well as prohibiting the immigration President Coolidge signs the of Middle Easterners, East Asians and Indians. According to the U.S. immigration act on the White House Department of State Office of the Historian, "In all its parts, the most basic South Lawn along with appropriation purpose of the 1924 Immigration Act was to preserve the ideal of American bills for the Veterans Bureau. John J. homogeneity."[1] Congressional opposition was minimal. Pershing is on the President's right. Contents 1 Provisions 2 History 3 Results 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 External links Provisions The Immigration Act made permanent the basic limitations on immigration into the United States established in 1921 and modified the National Origins Formula established then. In conjunction with the Immigration Act of 1917, it governed American immigration policy until the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which revised it completely.
    [Show full text]
  • AN/SO/PO 350 ORGANIZED CRIME in ITALY: MAFIAS, MURDERS and BUSINESS IES Abroad Rome Virtual World Discoveries Program
    AN/SO/PO 350 ORGANIZED CRIME IN ITALY: MAFIAS, MURDERS AND BUSINESS IES Abroad Rome Virtual World DiscoverIES Program DESCRIPTION: This course analyzes the role of organized crime in Italy through historical, structural, and cultural perspectives. After an overview of the various criminal organizations that are active both in Italy and abroad, the course will focus mainly on the Sicilian mafia, Cosa Nostra. Discussion topics will include both mafia wars, the importance of the investigators Falcone and Borsellino, the Maxi Trial, and the anti-mafia state organizations, from their origins to their role today in the struggle against organized crime. The course will highlight the creation of the International Department against Mafia and the legislation developed specifically to aid in the fight against criminal organizations. It will examine the ties between Cosa Nostra and Italian politics, the period of terrorist attacks, and response of the Italian government. Finally, the course will look at the other two most powerful criminal organizations in Italy: the Camorra, especially through the writings of Roberto Saviano, and the Ndrangheta, today’s richest and most powerful criminal organization, which has expanded throughout Europe and particularly in Germany, as evidenced by the terrorist attack in Duisburg. CREDITS: 3 credits CONTACT HOURS: Students are expected to commit 20 hours per week in order complete the course LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION: English INSTRUCTOR: Arije Antinori, PhD VIRTUAL OFFICE HOURS: TBD PREREQUISITES: None METHOD OF
    [Show full text]
  • Causes and Consequences of the Sicilian Mafia
    Copyedited by: ES MANUSCRIPT CATEGORY: Article Review of Economic Studies (2020) 87, 537–581 doi:10.1093/restud/rdz009 © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Review of Economic Studies Limited. Advance access publication 25 February 2019 Weak States: Causes and Consequences of the Sicilian Mafia Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/restud/article-abstract/87/2/537/5364272 by MIT Libraries user on 29 May 2020 DARON ACEMOGLU MIT GIUSEPPE DE FEO University of Leicester and GIACOMO DAVIDE DE LUCA University of York and LICOS, KU Leuven First version received January 2018; Editorial decision December 2018; Accepted February 2019 (Eds.) We document that the spread of the Mafia in Sicily at the end of the 19th century was in part caused by the rise of socialist Peasant Fasci organizations. In an environment with weak state presence, this socialist threat triggered landowners, estate managers, and local politicians to turn to the Mafia to resist and combat peasant demands. We show that the location of the Peasant Fasci is significantly affected by a severe drought in 1893, and using information on rainfall, we estimate the impact of the Peasant Fasci on the location of the Mafia in 1900. We provide extensive evidence that rainfall before and after this critical period has no effect on the spread of the Mafia or various economic and political outcomes. In the second part of the article, we use this source of variation in the strength of the Mafia in 1900 to estimate its medium-term and long-term effects.
    [Show full text]
  • EXPERIENCES to COMBINE Not-To-Be-Missed Adventures with Qualified Professionals to Combine Or Alternate with My Bike Or Walking Tours and NCC Transportation Service
    EXPERIENCES TO COMBINE Not-to-be-missed adventures with qualified professionals to combine or alternate with my bike or walking tours and NCC transportation service. A guide behind the wheel. WHAT YOU WILL DISCOVER Plenty of adventures on foot or by bicycle in my tours. To these you can combine summer sports, culture, music, art, food and wine tasting, relax, and much more. In winter-time, for snow-lovers, we can organize transportation service with an NCC driver who will drive you around with all the comforts of a well- equipped and organized minibus. Choose the experience that most intrigues you, together with our professionals we will make you discover the area in the way that you prefer. You can follow our advice: creating something unique and personalized is what we like to do most. Some experiences are available throughout the year, others, more purely seasonal, can be carried out only in winter or summer. Follow the symbols and choose what suits you best, we'll take care of everything through an agency or Tour Operator. THE ORIGIN OF MY PROJECT We are professionals, passionate about our work, and with the desire to transmit the beauty of our territory and region: Lombardy. We put dedication and commitment into everything we do. Our desire is to enjoy and please you, so that you’ll feel enticed you to come back again. We like to work surrounded by people and get a smile out of you all, both through simple and in sophisticate experiences. Your pleasure is what keeps us going. In our area, totally preserved and ready to be discovered in its naturalness, NETWORKING is of fundamental importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Top Margin 1
    IP/10/486 Brussell, it-3 ta’ Mejju 2010 Konferenza tal-UE: 500 belt iwiegħdu li jnaqqsu s- CO2 b'iktar minn 20% Iktar minn 500 sindku Ewropew għada se jimpenjaw ruħhom li jnaqqsu l- emissjonijiet tas-CO2 b'iktar minn 20% sal-2020. Permezz tal-iffirmar tal-Patt tas-Sindki, se jwiegħdu li jiffrankaw l-enerġija, jiżviluppaw enerġija rinovabbli u joħolqu kuxjenza fost iċ-ċittadini tagħhom. Huma se jiffirmaw id- dikjarazzjoni fil-prezenza tal-President tal-Kummissjoni tal-UE, José Manuel Barroso u ta' José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, il-Prim Ministru ta' Spanja. Il-Patt tas-Sindki huwa inizjattiva tal-Kummissjoni, appoġġata kemm mill-Parlament Ewropew kif ukoll mill-Kumitat tar-Reġjuni. Günther Oettinger, il-Kummissarju għall-Enerġija qal: "Il-Patt tas-Sindki sar element ewlieni fil-politika dwar l-enerġija sostenibbli tal-UE. Ir-reġjuni u l-bliet qed juru li l- ġlieda kontra t-tibdil fil-klima hija waħda mill-aħjar strateġiji għall-irkupru ekonomiku. L-investiment fit-tnaqqis tal-emissjonijiet tas-CO2 u fl-effiċjenza tal-enerġija joħloq impjiegi li min-natura tagħhom ma jistgħux jiġu delokalizzati." Iktar minn 500 sindku se jiffirmaw id-dikjarazzjoni matul iċ-ċerimonja tal-Patt tas- Sindki li se ssir fil-Parlament Ewropew. Id-Dikjarazzjoni timpenjahom biex janalizzaw kemm huma bħalissa l-emissjonijiet tas-CO2 tagħhom, jiddeskrivu kif se jilħqu l- objettiv tagħhom u biex jevalwaw l-azzjonijiet tagħhom. Jimpenjaw ruħhom ukoll li joħolqu kuxjenza fost iċ-ċittadini u li jaqsmu l-aħjar prattika. Pereżempju, il-belt ta' Heidelberg naqset l-emissjonijiet tas-CO2 tagħha bi kważi 40% f'binjiet pubbliċi permezz ta' stazzjonjiet li jimmonitorjaw l-enerġija u tat-'Timijiet tal-Enerġija' fl-iskejjel tal-belt.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration Experiment Discussion
    HANDOUT A Immigration Experiment Discussion Fill in the graphic organizer in your assigned groups with the answers to your Directions: questions into the two categories of economic and social. Economic Social DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Why did you choose to move or to stay put? 2. Were your motivations to sit closer to your friends? 3. Were you worried about your performance in class? 4. Was it frustrating to be separated from your friends without a good reason? 5. What happened when I took a few seats away? 6. Why did some of you want to move upfront when I offered an incentive? 7. How did you feel having students from another class come into our classroom? If you found it awkward or strange, why was this? 8. How you think the choices you made compare to the decisions made by immigrants around the world? How are these decisions similar and/or different? 9. How is it that we adapt to change within a community? The Gilded Age and Progressive Era Unit 2, Lesson 2: Immigration in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era © Bill of Rights Institute HANDOUT B Immigration in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Directions: Read the essay and answer the questions that follow. It is impossible to understand the American Coming to America experience without understanding the impact of Migration is the movement of a person from one immigration. The millions of immigrants who geographic location to another. The immigrants came to the United States settled across the of the late nineteenth century came primarily nation, named its cities, helped build its canals, from southeastern and northwestern Europe, roads, and railroads, mined its ore, and shaped Asia, and from Mexico and Canada in North its culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Strategies in Disturbances and with Gangs/Disruptive Groups APR ,::; F992 L
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. u.s. Department of Justice National Institute of Corrections Management Strategies in Disturbances and with Gangs/Disruptive Groups APR ,::; f992 l Management Strategies in Disturbances and with Gangs/Disruptive Groups October 1991 136184 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this 9 J : 'lIM' II> material has been granted by, • IN Pub11C Dcmam Ie u. S. Department of Justice to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside 01 the NCJRS system requires permission of the.sl ASt owner. ---- ---- ------1 PREFACE Prison disturbances range from minor incidents that disrupt institution routine to major disturbances that involve a large proportion of inmates and threaten security and safety. Realizing that proactive management strategies and informed readiness can reduce the potential damage of prison disturbances, many departments of corrections are seriously addressing the need both to prevent and to plan for managing such disturbances. Administrators are also looking for better ways to avert the potentially violent activities and serious problems caused by prison gangs and organized groups. In response to the need for improved, current information on how corrections departments might prepare themselves to deal with the problems of both gangs and disturbances, the NIC Prisons Division and the NIC National Academy of Corrections sponsored special issue seminars entitled "Management Strategies in Disturbances and with Gangs/Disruptive Groups" in Boulder, Colorado, and in Baltimore, Maryland.
    [Show full text]
  • Lombardy Report 2019 Summary
    Lombardy Report 2019 Summary Lombardy Report 2019 Summary Preface by Gian Carlo Blangiardo Presentation by di Leonida Miglio Introduction by Armando De Crinito Project Supervision PoliS-Lombardia Board of directors: Leonida Miglio (Presidente), Gianfranco Ragazzoli (Vice Presidente), Giovanni Battista Magnoli Bocchi, Elena Tettamanzi, Lorenza Violini. PoliS-Lombardia Technical-Scientifc committee: Leonida Miglio (Presidente), Elio Borgonovi, Enrico Giovannini, Marco Leonardi, Lisa Licitra, Riccardo Nobile, Roberta Rabellotti. Coordination Committee Armando De Crinito (coordinatore), Federica Ancona, Carlo Bianchessi, Alessandro Colombo, Antonio Dal Bianco, Silvana Fabrizio, Guido Gay, Annalisa Mauriello, Federico Rappelli, Rebecca Sibilla, Giulia Tarantola, Rafaello Vignali. ©2019 Edizioni Angelo Guerini e Associati Srl via Comelico, 3 – 20135 Milano http: //www.guerini.it e-mail: [email protected] First edition published in December 2019 Reprinted: V IV III II I 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Cover designed by Donatella D’Angelo Translation by: Camilla Gagliardo Printed in Italy Photocopies for personal use of the reader can be made within the limits of 15% of each vol- ume/booklet of periodical against payment to SIAE of the fee provided for in Article 68, sub- paragraph 4 and 5 of the Law April 22,1941 no 633. Photocopies made for professional, eco- nomic or commercial use or for a diferent use can be made after specifc authorisation released by CLEARedi, Centro Licenze e Autorizzazioni per le Riproduzioni Editoriali, Corso di Por- ta Romana
    [Show full text]