THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO 1036.4 LA JOLLA. CALIFORNIA

1ST OF MICMAC NAMES

OF

PLACES, RIVERS, ETC, IN .

Compiled by

ELIZABETH FRAME. '^ ARY LIST OF MICMAC NAMES

OP

PLACES, RIVERS, ETC., IN NOVA SCOTIA.

Compiled by

ELIZABETH FRAME.

CAMBRIDGE: JOHN WILSON AND SON.

Snibrrsitg $rrss.

1892.

*F NOTE.

The following list of Micraac names of places, rivers, etc.,

in Nova Scotia and neighborhood was compiled, at my

request, by Miss Elizabeth Frame, of Shubenacadie, for the

library of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and was

duly presented at the meeting on June 9, 1892. She was

aided in her labors by a Micmac Indian, as well as by the published works of Mr. Gesner and Dr. Rand. It is now

printed at the expense of a gentleman of Cambridge, who is interested in Indian philology.

S. A. G. Boston, August 20, 1892. ;

LIST OF MICMAC NAMES

OP

PLACES. RIVERS, ETC.

Ababe, a boundary. Banoodpskek, opening out through Abaktooe, the great auk. rocks, as Penobscot. Abe, a bow for an arrow. Banooskek, entrance into Bras d'Or Agamok, white ash. Lake. Agoomakun, Apple River, Cum- BanoskSk, a water passage between berland County. two lakes. Agoomakunuk, Sand River, Cum- Ba'pkokt&'k, Argyle. berland County. Bapkook, the birch bark will ea- Ah-raah-gops-ke-geek, tumbling sily peeL St. Peter's over rocks ; Tangier River. Baslooaakade, island, Ajedk'chemin, a blackberry. near Prince Edward Island. Akkada, abundance of things Bookt, the head of a bay.

plenty of ground-nuts ; hence Booktawi'chk, rum, from Acudie (French). Booktaoo, fire; hence fire-water; Akum, a snow-shoe, raquette. alcohol. Amlamekw', a mackerel. Booktoulaygun, fireworks; Toney Anesaak, Salmon River. River. Ansaakw, New Harbor. Booktowaagfin, Mill Creek on the Apcheechkumoochwaakade, in Cuml>erland Co. Duck land. Hence the French Boouamookwdde, Salmon River, name . Yarmouth. Apsiboogwechk', Fort le Bear. BSstoon, America. Aseedik, Lunenburg. BSstoonkawaach, an American. Asooemanbkse, a creeping black- BSstoonkawoolkw, an American berry vine. vessel. Aspatogon, a headland on the Brooksake, Charlottetown Harbor, Atlantic. Prince Edward Island.

Baktaba', a bay. Cajj-booginek, winding through Banook, the first lake as you ascend the wilderness; . a river. CalugSt, Carraget Harbor. ;;; : : ;

LIST OF M1CMAC NAMES OP PLACES, RIVERS, ETC

Cansoke, facing the frowning cliff Inskooom adeedich, Lakeland, N.S. Canso. Caskumpec, flowing through the Kabein, the border of a lake. Port Hood. sand ; Cascumpec, P. E. Island. Kagweamkek, Caydybunnygek, clam diggings; Kakagwek, a place of dried meat Boot Island, Hortou. now Hantsport, in Hants Co. Chebookt, Halifax, from tlkche- Kakwfileegigiin, a snow-bank. bookt, the largest harbor or bay. Kaleboo, caribou. Cheema, to paddle a canoe. Kaleboode, a shovel. Hence Kalg- Chegaoo, bass, a fish. boo, caribou, the shoveller, be- ChegQmakfin, a rattle, an Indian cause they shovel up the snow tambourine. with their broad feet in digging Chijikwtook', . down for the moss on which they Chikchowwegiin§chwa'-w6ao- feed. wgk', a iose. Katkooch' and Katkoolch', Brook- ChikchowwegunejuL roseberries lyn, Queens Co., Nova Scotia. also the name of an orange. Keask&noo'gwSjit, a mighty chop- Cbipchowwe'eli', a robin. per, a fabulous being who cuts trees hear the chop- Cwesomallygeek, llardwood down ; you Ridge, Cumberland. ping, the workman is invisible, but the tree falls. EbSdek, Bedeque, P. E. Island. KSbamkeak', Bathurst, on the Bay Elmunakuncheech, Little Sevogal of Chaleur. River. Kebapskitk, the stream that con- Elsetkook', in Nova nects two lakes. Scotia. The six lakes on the Liverpool t Emsuk, Port Jolli. River, as you go up stream

Eppayguit, anchored on the wave 1. Panook. Prince Edward Island. 2. K6doosk6k'.

Eskumaaga, to eat raw flesh ; hence 3. Pushtigook'. the name of the eskimo Indians, 4. Kgjimkoojik.

eaters of raw flesh. 5. Imutkaak. Eskumunaak', Mount Skumun&k. 6. Toobeadoogook. Eskumunaak, Point Skimenack, in Lakes on Salmon River, east New Brunswick. of Halifax:

Eakwftdek', Murray Harbor, P.E. I. 1. TJsoogomnsoogwgdamk'.

EspakuniegSk, high laud. Green 2. Milpaachk. Hill, l'ictou County. 3. TJtkoskwaachk. 4. Kloocheowpaach.

GaspK-ch, Gaspe* ; far into the wa- 5. NSmchenokpaachk.

ter. 6. Noogoomkiibaak. Glooacap, a manitou who dwelt in 7. Mtab£s-waakade (where the Bay of Kundy, at Blonudon. mud-catfish abound). Goolwagfipskooch, Port George. On Port Medway River are

Gul-wahgahgek, the home of the 1. Banook. s

1 Kebbek, narrows ; Quebec. Kitpoo-aykaddy, a place of eagles, Kegumoosk, Little River, a branch near the river Shubenacadie, now <>f the Restigouche. known as the Eagles' Nest. Kekwajoo, a badger. Kloopskeaakade, Bird Island. Keuomee, Sandy Point, now Econ- Kobet, a leaver. omy, in Colchester County. KobetSk', Aylesford Bog. Kcsapskul, Apesookaam Luke. Koo'koogwes', an owl. Kesegoo, an aged man. Kocktunijenagwanak', Cape Dol- Kesegooaakw, an aged porpoise or phin. seal. Koolpesoo'n, an anchor. Kesegoo'e, an aged bird. Koolpijooik, Petpiswick Harbor. Kesegooeeskw, an aged woman. Koospem, a lake. Kesegook, an aged porcupine. Kow-week, porcupine quills. Kesegoo'msk, an aged l>eaver. Ktadoosok, Saguenay liiver. Kesegoo'stim, an aged dog. Kiilokwejook Mary Joseph, below Kesegoo'tkw, an aged cow, moose, Halifax. horse. KulumooejemanSkse, bilberry. Keskaak, the wood is broad. Kweb&k, the head of the tide, now Keskoospaak, Little River. Bedford. Keskfitkwgk', the river is broad. Kwemoodeech, Boil's Harbor. KesokiidSk', the neighborhood of KwgsomSlegek', a hard-wood Archibald's Mills at Truro. Point, uow Fort Lawrence.

Kesooakowdstoogwgk', Middle Kwesow-waak a cape oi" land. River, Pictou. Kesooskwdstoogwek, Little Biv- Logiimkeegun, Shelburne. er, a branch oi Sheet Harbor Luntook', deer. River. Liiakiich, Manadoo in Cape Breton. Keapabegea'chk, Big Kespebac- Lustegooch, Restigouche River. dak'. Keespoogwitk, Land's End, Yar- mouth. Maakan, Maccan River in Cumber- Klkcheboogwek, Cavendish, land County. Prince Edward Lsland. Mabou, a river in Cape Breton. Kitpoo, an eagle. Madawaak, a point where two riv- Ki tpooaakade, Cape Shubenacadie. ers come together.

1 This is beyond question the origin of the name of the city of Quebec The French pronounce Quebec not kwe-bek, as the English do, but kSb-b£k, the exact pronunciation of the Indian word. The " Narrows," ahovc Halifax Harbor, aud a narrow place in the Liverpool River just below Milton, are thus named by the

Indians. The syllable kfib or kSp, which is the same exactly in meaning, means to stop or impede, to choke up, etc. Many words begin with this syllable; as, kSbejokfcm, to stop a hole ; kSbejokteskum, to shut a door ; kebadagwa'. to bo hoarse, to have the voice impeded ; kebaadoo, to stanch blood ; kebap skitk, the stream is obstructed by rocks ; kebamkoogwgk, the mouth of tlio river is obstructed by sand thrown in by the waves ; kSbe-skoonei, my nose is

stopped ; etc. 10 LIST OF MICMAC NAMES OF PLACES, RIVERS, ETC.

Maggpskeg6chk', tumbling over Mooinei', a bear-skin. large rooks; Gaspereaux River, Moosegisk', the atmosphere. in Horton, King's County. Mootpoon, an animal's bed. M5je5kteiigiin Lutkaamfin, an Mpog&n, a bed. arrow. Misookweel, the bark for building Makpaak, Malpeque, in P. E. T. a canoe. Makpaachk, first and second lakes 'Mtaban', mud bridge; Wolfville, on Moses River. Nova Scotia. Malipkanch', a hazel-nut. Mtae, a beaver-skin'. Maskwe, general name for bark. Mtoodook, Little River, Mira, Maycobegilk, end of the flowing Cape Breton. (meaning the bound of the rush- MfinagSs&nook', the Magdalen ing water, the tide or bore); Islands. , Truro, now Salmon Miina'pskw, a ledge of rocks. River. MtLndoo, Satan. This is the Algon- Great Spirit, Megainaage, Nova Scotia ; land of kiu name for the the Micmacs. but applied to the devil by the Mggwa'jijik, the Red Indians of first Cluistian missionaries. Newfoundland. Mundooapskw, Devil's Rock, now MSgwas-a', Belfast in P. E. Island. Jeddore Rock. Memkaak-kwSsawa', Pandora MunSskoochk', Muddy Creek, Point. Prince Edward Island. MenagwSs', St. John, N. B. MiiukwSn', the rainbow. Menichk, a berry. Musquodoboit, sparkling water, a Menoody, a bay; Minudie, Cum- river in Halifax County. berland County. Meowch', a puss, a cat. Nab&dagwenigun, a basket han- Mgs-adSk, Long Island, Horton, dle. Nova Scotia. Naookteboogooik, big pond. Meseebakilnak', Sambro Cape. Napan, Napan in Cumberland Co. Meapaak, Cape Mispek. Napfiskwa', to string beads. Migoonaasit, the out-spreader; a Nebe, a leaf. peacock. Ngbeltook', Bartibog, name of a Mijeogiin, St. Lawrence River. place. Milasiik, Bridgeport NegwSk, Nogwak Island. Milapskegechk, third lake on Mo- Nelegakfingk, Newport River.

lliver. Neliksaak, Arichat. Milchggaach, Meander River in NSmcheboogwgk', Middle River, Newport, Hants County. Cape Breton. Mimkwdkuii, an aconi. Nemtakayak', Nemtage River. Mimkw&nmooBe, the oak. Nepigiguit, on Clialeur Bay. Mfcsegiimisk', Scraggy Lake. Neseamk', Sable River, Nova MiBtoogook, Mistouchc River. Scotia.

Moinawa, bear's meat. Nictahk, forks ; Nictau. Moo n&mook, he is from home. Noel, where the ice-cakes float Mooin, n bear. loosely. LIST OP MICMAC NAMES OP PLACES, RIVERS, ETC. 11

Noogoomkeak', Moses River. Pogfimkgk', Pomket Harbor. Noos-abon, the river Nbosaboon. P6nh6Sk, the first lake in a chain. 'Ntooa'gwaktin, Lot 49, Prince PoogfiuikpSchk, Pictou Harbor. Edward Island. PookudapskwSde, Ca]>e Porcu- 'Ntiibloo, an army. pine, on the Strait of Canso. Pootaleawa', a basket. OgomkigeSk', Liverpool River, Pugooopskook, Owl's Head in Nova Scotia. Hants County. Oochaadooch, 's Ptilamoo, salmon. mouth, Cape Breton. Pfilowecha Mfiwego, Partridge Oochogum, a point covered with Island. oak. Pillow-wech, a partridge. Oolastook, St. John River, New Brunswick. Saa-gaa-bun, the Micmac potato. Oonban, a moose's bed. Saa gaa-bun-akady, the place Oouegun, portage. when- the Micmac potato grows Oonikakw6mkook, Point Miskwe. (Shubenacadie). Owoolakiimooejit, Famine, figu- Sakpulkweak, there is wet snow ratively represented as an evil and ice there. being. Sasageem, a bare foot. OwwSkfin, Portage lliver, Mira- Sasoo Goole, Jesus Christ. machi, New Brunswick. Sebiskadaktincheech, Miscou Gully, Cape Breton. Paakwaak, stop here, you cannot Seboo, a river.

go any further ; Pockwock Lake. Sebiinisk', Lockport, Nova Scotia. Pajedoobaachk, Oyster Pond. Segttbitnakade, Shubenacadie. Palamooa' Seboo, Salmon River, Sesetkook, Chezetcook. Truro. Seaip or Sesipckeech', a bird. Paspege'ak, Paspebeek, Prospect. Ses-mogiin, sugar. PedeadeSk, ignis fatuus. Sigiinikt', Chignecto. Pege, a side of meat, including all Simkook, Petite River in Lunen- the ribs. burg. PSmanikeak', Sand Island, Mira- Skiidakurnoochooowte, Milky machi. Way; the spirits' road. Pentagouet, a river in New Bruns- Stewiacke, where the fresh water wick. joins the salt; a river in Colches- Pessyquid, flowing squarely into ter County. the sea; in Windsor, Sumskwls', Pumpkin Island. Hants County. Sflnow', sugar maple. pgtkootkweak', Peticodiac River.

Petoobok, Bras d'Or Lake in Cape Tabooetooetiln, Rustico, P. E. I. Breton. Taooopskik, the river runs out l>e- Pijenooiskak, La Have River. tween rocks. Hence the name of Piktook, Pictou. the , Taooopskik. Piktoo'jitk, Martin's River, Col- Tawitk, Petite Passage, N. S. chester, Nova Scotia. Team, a moose. ;

12 LIST OP MICMAC NAMES OP PLACES, RIVERS, ETC.

T5aogw6de, Pirate's Cove, on Can- Weyooik, Sheet Harbor. so Strait. WeiSpak, a bead. Tooetiinook', Avon River, Hants Weisis, a beast.

County. Wgjowtik, Point I Vim. Tillugadik, Grand Lake, Halifax Weilkuch', Margaree River, Cape County. Breton. WIskiJsok, MilpagSch'. Nenasa- kilnSk', and Pedawikpaak are Ukcheseeboo, a large river. Tangier Lakes. tTktaknmkook', Newfoundland. WisQnawSn, Cray's River, in Hali- Ukwtakttn, starvation; in the lu- fax County. dian legends represented as a Wdbaboodkchiik, white waters, quasi demigod, whose howling Elm Tree River. and approach indicate death and W8beakade, literally Swan land, destruction. now Broad River Lake. UlgSdoo, a mushroom. W6jeechk, Pereaux in Cornwallis. UlgSdook', Tort Medway. Wokuloopskusow', Marble Head. Ulnoo, a man, as distinguished W6kfimeak', Nine-Mile River in from all other animals. Hants County. TJlnooe, to be a man, an Indian. Wokiimutkook, Middle Kiver, Ulnoojech, the eyeball, the little Nova Scotia. Indian, manikiu. W61urukwaka'guniichk, Port Umkoome, ice. Mulgrave. Upkoo, gum. W81unkak', Beaver Harbor. Upkwaweeg&n', Oak Point in Wfinpaak, Cole Harbor. Cornwallis. WdsetumooSk, Newel River. Opakamkook, Petite Hiver in WdsoksegSk', Martin's Point, near Hants County. Londonderry, Colchester County, tTtkubok, Chebogue. on Debert River. Wds5gw6soo-gw8de, Petite in Wagobagitk', literally, the bay Hants County, on tlie bay.

runs tar up ; hence CobetpuitL W&spegeak', Shoal Bay. Wgchkwgmkeak', Mizzen Point. W6spooijiktook, among the seals WSdawglak', the laiu patters on Herring Point, New Bruuswick. the roof. Wegoon, a bean. Tap Team, a bull moose. SOUND OF LETTERS IN MICMAC.

The consonants are sounded as in English: g is always hard,

as in go, egy, and c exactly like k; ch as in church ; h follow-

ing a vowel in the same syllable (as in ahk) is a soft guttural,

like the German ch in Ich. There is no / in Micmac ; when at- tempting to pronounce French or English words which contain

this letter, the Indians give it the sound of b or p.

The vowels are sounded thus : a, as in father ; a, as in fate;

a, as in fat; a, as the second a in abaft; e, as in me; 6 as in met; ei, as i in pine; J, as i in pin; o, as in no; 5 as in not; u, as in tube, use; G, as in tub; oo, as in fool, move ; 86 as in good, wood; ow, as in now. When any vowel is doubled, as aa, aa, ee,

6, the usual sound is prolonged, and takes the accent, but the

place for the accent is the penult. 'M or 'N at the beginning of a word with the accent marked, is sounded without a vowel. The following are examples of the peculiarity termed " holo- phrastie," where a single word stands for a sentence : — Boon, the sitting place, the cross-piece on which the pad- dler sits. Bo6senech, let us take a trip by water, let us go in a canoe. Epkwfise, I have a shelter from the rain over my head. Kamatk, bushes yonder, beyond a cleared place.

NSspe, to be stopping in the wigwam to take care of it, while the others are away.

Newdpskitk, the bed of the river is dry, and the rocks are bare. W6pk, the morning light, — " the opening of the eye of the morning." ;

The Micmac left no sculptured gods,

No temples made of stone; . In misty caves, in storm-tossed clouds, Manitou dwelt alone.

But names remain on hill and plain

Of this once powerful race, „ And in those liquid Micmac words Their presence yet we trace

Where Aspatogon lifts her brow, Unblushing, to the sea; Where crashing ice-cakes dash and break On lonely Scatarie;

Where turbid waters seethe and foam Eound Glooscap, Chebooktook;

On Tusket's Isles where sea-gulls rest, And heron on Panuke;

The rushing tides in Pesiquid, And Shubenacadie The level meads of Tantramar; The falls of Konomee.

No Micmac now on Cobequid Hunts moose or caribou; And alien races change the names Which first were named by you. E. F.

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