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Manufacturing Ceramics: Ceramic Ecology and Technological Choice in the Upper Cumberland River Valley

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Manufacturing Ceramics: Ceramic Ecology and Technological Choice in the Upper Cumberland River Valley University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology Anthropology 2013 Manufacturing Ceramics: Ceramic Ecology and Technological Choice in the Upper Cumberland River Valley Melissa Ramsey University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ramsey, Melissa, "Manufacturing Ceramics: Ceramic Ecology and Technological Choice in the Upper Cumberland River Valley" (2013). Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology. 10. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/10 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained and attached hereto needed written permission statements(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine). I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless a preapproved embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s dissertation including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Melissa Ramsey, Student Dr. George Crothers, Major Professor Dr. Hsain Ilahiane, Director of Graduate Studies MANUFACTURING CERAMICS: CERAMIC ECOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHOICE IN THE UPPER CUMBERLAND RIVER VALLEY THESIS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Melissa Lynn Ramsey Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. George Crothers, Professor of Anthropology Lexington, Kentucky 2013 Copyright© Melissa Lynn Ramsey 2013 ABSTRACT OF THESIS MANUFACTURING CERAMICS: CERAMIC ECOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHOICE IN THE UPPER CUMBERLAND RIVER VALLEY Ceramic material culture recovered from archaeological sites has more to offer the researcher than placing the site or strata into a cultural historic timeline. By examining the characteristics of ceramics manufactured during the Woodland Period in southern Kentucky, this thesis answers questions related to the behavior of the potters who lived and worked there. Using the theoretical basis of ceramic ecology and technological choice, this thesis examines the choices made by the potters of two sites, the Long (15Ru17) and Rowena (15Ru10) sites, located along the Cumberland River in Russell County, Kentucky. The two sites are also compared to one another and similar assemblages in the Upper Cumberland River Valley, in terms of temporal occupation and utilization of tempering resources. Ultimately, the potters who occupied the Long and Rowena sites during the Woodland Period used locally available materials to temper their clay, even as they emulated other ceramic types. In terms of the two sites themselves, it appears that while they were not occupied by the same population of potters, they did employ similar tempering agents and stylistic types. Examining the behavior of potters who occupied these two sites informs the researcher about the behavior of the larger region of the Upper Cumberland Valley. Key Words: Woodland Archaeology, Prehistoric Ceramics, Ceramic Ecology, Technological Choice, Cumberland River Melissa L. Ramsey Signature July 16, 2013 Date MANUFACTURING CERAMICS: CERAMIC ECOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHOICE IN THE UPPER CUMBERLAND RIVER VALLEY By Melissa Lynn Ramsey George M. Crothers, PhD. Director of Thesis Hsain Ilahiane Director of Graduate Studies July 16, 2013 Date Table of Contents List of Tables.................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................. v Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Ceramic Analysis Past and Future ............................................................................... 3 Ceramic Ecology and Technological Choice ............................................................... 6 Application of Ceramic Ecology and Technological Choice ...................................... 11 Chapter 2: Background .................................................................................................. 13 Kentucky and the Midcontinent: A Culture History.................................................. 13 The Upper Cumberland Region................................................................................. 23 The Wolf Creek Dam Reservoir ................................................................................ 27 Geology .................................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 3: Ceramic Analysis ......................................................................................... 33 Methods .................................................................................................................... 33 Rowena Site (15Ru10) .............................................................................................. 38 Long Site (15Ru17) .................................................................................................. 47 Chapter 4: Ceramic Assemblage Comparison ................................................................ 57 The Long and Rowena Sites...................................................................................... 57 Regional Site Comparison......................................................................................... 64 Comparison to a Wider Area ..................................................................................... 72 Back to the Rowena and Long Sites .......................................................................... 78 Chapter 5: Conclusions ................................................................................................ 103 Appendix ..................................................................................................................... 110 References Cited.......................................................................................................... 117 Vita ............................................................................................................................. 129 iii List of Tables 3-1, Rowena Site (15Ru10) Sherd Types ....................................................................... 39 3-2, 15Ru10 Sample Statistics for Sherd Size and Thickness ......................................... 40 3-3, 15Ru10 Temper Frequency ..................................................................................... 41 3-4, 15Ru10 Aplastic 1 Frequency ................................................................................. 42 3-5, 15Ru10 Surface Treatment Type Frequency ........................................................... 42 3-6, 15Ru10 Core Type by Core Color .......................................................................... 44 3-7, 15Ru10 Lip Shape by Lip Orientation .................................................................... 45 3-8, Long Site (15Ru17) Sherd Types ............................................................................ 48 3-9, 15Ru10 Sample Statistics for Sherd Size and Thickness ......................................... 48 3-10, Temper Frequency ................................................................................................ 49 3-11, 15Ru17 Aplastic 1 Frequency ............................................................................... 50 3-12, Surface Treatment Type Frequency ...................................................................... 51 3-13, 15Ru17 Core Type by Core Color......................................................................... 52 3-14, 15Ru17 Rim Sherd Temper .................................................................................. 54 4-1, Rowena and Long Statistics .................................................................................... 58 4-2, Rowena and Long Temper Frequencies .................................................................. 59 4-3, Long and Rowena Surface Treatment Frequencies .................................................. 64 4-4, Rowena (15Ru10) Siltstone and Shale Temper Characteristics
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