An Archaeological Survey of the Wabash Valley in Illinois
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LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY QF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 507 '• r CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each lost book. are reason* Thoft, imtfOaHM, and underlining of bck. dismissal from for dtelpltaary action and may result In TO RENEW CML TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN APR 2003 MG 1 2 1997 AUG 2 4 2006 AUG 2 3 1999 AUG 13 1999 1ft 07 WO AU6 23 2000 9 10 .\ AUG 242000 Wh^^ie^i^ $$$ae, write new due date below previous due date. 1*162 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/archaeologicalsu10wint Howard D. Winters s AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OFTHE WABASH VALLEYin Illinois mmm* THE 3 1367 . \ Illinois State Museum STATE OF ILLINOIS Otto Kerner, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION John C. Watson, Director ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM Milton D. Thompson, Museum Director REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS. No. 10 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WABASH VALLEY IN ILLINOIS by Howard D. Winters Printed by Authority of the State of Illinois Springfield, Illinois 1967 BOARD OF THE ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM Everett P. Coleman, M.D., Chairman Coleman Clinic, Canton Myers John C.Watson Albert Vice-President, Myers Bros. Director, Department of Springfield Registration and Education Sol Tax, Ph.D., Secretary William Sylvester White of Anthropology Professor Judge, Circuit Court Dean, University Extension Cook County, Chicago University of Chicago Leland Webber C. Leplie Kanatzar, Ph.D. E. Museum of Dean of MacMurray College Director, Field History, Chicago Jacksonville Natural FOREWORD TO THE REVISED EDITION SOME MINOR CHANGES have been made for this printing and a number of typo- graphical errors corrected. Only the section on the Allison Culture has been considerably rev.sed since much more information has become available on what was originally termed the Allison Complex. Th,s new information has resulted from excavations by Dr Tames Keliar at the Mann Site in Posey County, Indiana, and from excavations by Messrs. Denzil; Orhn, and Lynn Stephens at the Stoner Site in Crawford County, Illinois. Howard . „„ D. Winters AugUSt 1966 Charlottesville, Virginia FOREWORD IN 1961 HOWARD D. WINTERS AND DENZIL STEPHENS were engaged by the Illinois State Museum to make archaeological excavations of three shell middens of the Riverton Culture in the central Wabash Valley. The report of this investigation was completed in 1962 and is scheduled for publication at an early date. The present paper is an analysis of a subsequent archaeological survey of the Illinois side of the Wabash made by Winters in 1962 and enhanced by the results of Stephens' earlier surveys in the area. Ihe central Wabash has been one of the last major unknown archaeological areas of Illinois and since more survey and excavations are planned for 1963, it seemed well to mimeograph the present edition. On completion of this report, Mr. Winters joined the teaching staff of the University of Virginia, must therefore acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Robert L. Hall, Curator ot Anthropology, Ilhnois State Museum, who kindly undertook the task of designing and editing this report. Additional thanks also go to Orvetta M. Robinson, Museum Librarian and Registrar far critically reading the manuscript and to Charles W. Hodge, Museum Photographer, far photographic reductions of all illustrations. Joseph R. Caldwell Head . Curator A , ,„, of Anthropologyf aj March 1963 T„- c Illinois State Museum > — — ACKNOWLEDGMENTS WE SHOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS our deepest appreciation to Mr. Denzil Stephens a member of the Council for Illinois Archaeology, of Annapolis, Illinois. His thorough surveying in Clark, Crawford, and Lawrence counties in recent years provided invaluable data, and his identification of major characteristics of the La Motte Culture greatly simpli- fied both field work and laboratory analysis. Were the results of such intelligent and dedicated reconnaissance available everywhere, the work of the archaeologist would be both easier and more productive. Mr. Stephens also provided a number of specimens for illustration for the final report from important sites from which adequate collections could not be obtained. Among these were: the gift of an Embarrass Simple Stamped jar from bite Cw282 and sherds from the Townsend Site (Jpll7) and the Dhom Site (Ipl35)- the loan of sherds from the North York Site No. 1 (C1188), the Musgrave Site (Cw205)' the Lowe Site (Cwl07), the Minnow Slough Site (Cwl64), the Purgatory Swamp Site' mble Ske ( ' and the IOan f ' ^ ° fluted ints from ' P° *e CoIIiflower SiteSWr(Cw360^n and^ , the Heathsville Site (Cwl 92). In addition, Mr. Stephens permitted materkl HiS SUfVey COlleCti°nS fr°m the Lowe Site fr Too?* ^ (Cwl07), Stoner Site (Cw 09) Purgatory Swamp Site (Lw 95), Minnow Slough Site (Cwl64), Fox-McCarthy Ch n°Weth Site (CI185 North ! >> York Site (C1188), Barbee North Site (C vI u (Cw352),in Barbee South Site (Cw364), and Etchison Site (C1128 and C1129) We also wish to express our thanks to Mr. Lynn Stephens for his capable work as field assistant during most of the survey period; to Mr. Orlin Stephens for the gift of artifacts from the Stoner Site (Cwl09), the Minnow Slough Site (Cwl64) and the U t0 ; PaUl Parmake °f thC I1Hn0iS S-e Museum 'for Men dfic ^^ ^ •fication off shellh if , Lo and bone; and to Mr. James Porter of the Museum of Southern Illinois 8 ^^ thin- SeCti0ns of sherds andM ? r 1 - ^ Joseph Caldwell, Dr. Robert Hall J Wn IHi iS W^^ * »r°vM Vakiable Su^estions and Stic^m h° J"' u° tT3 t0 abS°,Ve theSC " gentkmen h°Wever from a responsibility " " ' ' for eZerrors in interpretation, ^ either factual or theoretical McDonald Mefford of Lawrenceville, Mr. Robert Baumgart of Mt. Carmel and Mr °f KeenSbUfg aH PfOVlded VdUable ZZZn *«*™«* information! sitesln Mr. John Henry provided information on the Albee Complex and arranged for the zi^z:^:ira site in vermmion — * -• f Befry g° ° ASSlStant in Anthropology at Sate ^ ' the Illinois StateMusTrfMuseum forf^fthe care ^ and attention she has given to the preparationanon ofot maps, illustrations maps and stencils used in this report December 1962 R D _ w_ . TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LIST OF FIGURES .... 9 LIST OF TABLES 9 INTRODUCTION SURVEY RESULTS CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS CULTURES AND CULTURE AREAS OF THE CENTRAL AND LOWER WABASH VALLEY Paleo-Indian Occupations Dalton-Meserve Tradition Archaic Occupations Midcontinent Tradition of the Archaic: The Riverton Culture In" Early Woodland Occupations Middle Woodland Cultures 44 The Havana Tradition fA The Allison Culture The Crab Orchard Tradition ' ' ] The La Motte Culture Late Woodland 2 Occupations ^ The Albee Complex °° The Duffy Complex 7 The Yankeetown Culture Other Late Woodland Remains ................... I? Mississippian Manifestations The Vincennes Culture 71 The Etchison Complex 83 McCleary's Bluff Sites 8 ^ Historic Sites ... 84 APPENDIX I Embarrass Ceramic Series. Edward V. McMichael and Howard D. Winters 85 APPENDIX II Albee Cordmarked Pottery APPENDIX III Duffy Ceramic Series . 89 APPENDIX IV Lowe Flared Base Projectile Points of the Tamms Type Cluster 90 BIBLIOGRAPHY . • 93 7 1 FIGURES 1 Distribution Map: New Sites, . 1962 Survey . 10 2 Distribution Map: Faulkner Side Notched, Thebes Type Cluster 21 3 Projectile Point Types 23 4 Projectile Point Types 25 Projectile 5 Point Types 27 6 Archaic Artifacts 29 7 Distribution Map: Sites of the Havana Tradition, Allison Culture, and Crab Orchard Tradition 37 8 Havana Tradition Sherds from the Denzil Stephens Collection 39 9 Havana Tradition Sherds from the Denzil Stephens Collection 41 10 Havana and Crab Orchard Tradition Sherds 43 1 Distribution Map: La Motte Culture 53 12 Sketch Map of the Bumble Bee Sites, v Cl 233 55 13 La Motte Culture Artifacts 57 14 La Motte Culture and Allison Culture Artifacts 59 15 Distribution Map: Duffy Complex, Albee Complex, Yankeetown Pottery 61 16 Albee Complex Artifacts 63 17 Trade" Sherds of the Albee Complex from the Thomas Razmus Collection. ... 65 18 Duffy Complex and Yankeetown Culture 57 19 Distribution Map: Mississippian Sites _ 73 20 Vincennes Culture Sherds -,< 21 Vincennes Culture Sherds 77 22 Vincennes Culture Sherds 79 23 Vincennes Culture Artifacts 81 TABLES 1 Tentative Cultural Sequence for the Central and Lower Wabash Valley 16 2 Comparative Trait List of the Robeson Hills, Riverton, and Swan Island Sites: Artifacts of the Riverton Culture 33 3 Combined Trait List of the Stoner, Garden, and Allison Villages: Artifacts of the Allison Culture 40 4 Combined Trait List of the Murphy and Chenoweth Sites in Illinois and the Albee Mound, Shaffer Cemetery, and Catlin Site in Indiana: Artifacts of the Albee Complex 69 > Trait List of the Gray Estate Site, Lawrence County, Illinois: Artifacts of the Vincennes Culture g2 ) Tamms Type Cluster— Type: Lowe Flared Base 9! 7 The Tamms Type Cluster in Illinois 92 9 Winters: Wabash Valley 10 1967 Figure 1 CENTRAL AND LOWER WABASH RIVER VALLEY I AOAPTID FROM J A BIER 19">6 SPRINGFIELD PLAINS MT. VERNON HILL COUNTRY 10 20 30 BOUNDARY BETWEEN SPRINGFIELD PLAINS Scale In Miles 8 THE MT. VERNON HILL COUNTRY INTRODUCTION IN THE FOLLOWING REPORT a is summary adequate in so far as location was concerned but presented of the results of a survey undertaken by should be extensively revised to provide the sort the author for the Illinois State Museum from 20 of cultural and scientific data which is needed for March to 15 May 1962. Operations were limited use in archaeological research. to the Illinois side of the Wabash Valley proper About 10 per cent of the survey records could from the Indiana state line to near Carmi, Illinois, be considered useful research documents without an a distance of approximately 100 miles.