Cantos de Mesoamérica (Mexico City, 10-13 November 2009) Editors: José Daniel Flores Gutiérrez & Rosalba Nieto Calleja eta on n xso ie on oiscor- its show to which going lines, with horizontal lines square and or vertical a by axis or by and ners represented point central was a symbol 1) ure a eteatcdn,o opeet fMayan of Mesoamerica complement, a of or kin antecedent, petroglyphs the solar be may the and Plains con- be also can being. earth living of a limits the as the though ceived mark even which earth, ones the the are they because points. the solsticial regarding indepen- the of conclusions, have importance same who add the scholars I reached by dently works, provided previous data my new in mentioned issues tant infi- the in itself darkness. lose of in not south and would and nite that north so the horizon, in points the the solsticial stopping the place tasks, at their imagination, of sun one universe. their as had in who the guardians which and of space horizontal humans, limits the surround meaning- to the limits more set establish and points These to first the the marks all in of ful but one Mesoamerica world, in ancient only which not cos- 1999) – Mesoamerican constitute 1995, in 1975, points 1963, (Gonz´alez: solsticial movision the of tance sp rituals, Words: agricultural Key the in show and is the solstices which of the fields. Importance during symbolism Sun. celebrated the the festivals in by the sites, ruled archaeological space the rectangular the cosmic in about a scholars, other of by markers corroborated as hypothesis, her reaffirms author The ma´ız. el con relacionados oomra eu sai etnua eiopre o.Ipracaqes muestra se que Importancia r glifos sol. fiestas los el las celebraci´on en en por su arqueol´ogicossimbolismo, regido en monumentos rectangular los espacio en la solsticios de un acerca de autores, marcas otros por como hip´otesis, corroborada su reitera autora La eMxA(ei eConferencias) de (Serie RevMexAA 1 h eiia heso h ot American North the of wheels medicinal The points, solsticial the of importance the on insist I impor- most the repeating besides paper, this In impor- the in insisted have we ago, long Since ES NH([email protected]). INAH DEAS, lpso h Nahua the or glyphs YBLS FSLTCSI EOMRCNCOSMOVISION MESOAMERICAN IN SOLSTICES OF SYMBOLISM archaeoastronomy .SLTC SYMBOLS SOLSTICE 1. ollin kin y lps The glyphs. ollin , nlsdarmscomcs nlsrtae g´cls or ooe l en todo agr´ıcolas, sobre rituales los en c´osmicos, y diagramas los en , 47 11 (2016) 11–15 , kin oolGonz´alez Torres Yolotl (Fig- ABSTRACT RESUMEN kin and u tn Tcy 96 akn lotefu sol- four the also marking directions. 1976) stice (Tichy: points is, Stone four Sun the it likely of for Very and form blade, movement”. Sun, a of means the form which of makes, the which character in [...] saw the we sun or as the sign to the applied was is which sign called gles”, was who sign, ollin seventeen clearly which “The 268) from in- that II: the mentions (1967, center, towards Duran the less or directions. in more tercardinal eye directed are an blades or four dot, circle, a by little represented generally a been has 1999) 1995, 79; 1999: 102). Milbrath, : 1996 53,54,58; Sprajc, 1975: respectively (Gonz´alez, directions intercardinal and cardinal the ¨ he 18)pooe hti ersnsa image an represents it that proposes K¨ohler (1982) ollin nhsmtclu td bu h sign the about study meticulous his In The hc odmas“hn htmvso wig- or moves that “thing means word which , lpsa ela ntecsi igas in diagrams, cosmic the in as well as glyphs 1 ollin ollin in(iue2 Gn´lz 93 1975, (Gonz´alez: 1963, 2) (Figure sign i.1 The 1. Fig. motni elspno solsticiales puntos los de importancia a ersne ntecne fthe of center the in represented was lgoa e aedroaul nel en anual; calendario del eligiosas cal h nshl ntemaize the in held ones the ecially motneo h osiepoints solstice the of importance kin ntesltc registers solstice the in n symbol. nlsrgsrsd los de registros los en ollin Ollin 11 os , Cantos de Mesoamérica (Mexico City, 10-13 November 2009) Editors: José Daniel Flores Gutiérrez & Rosalba Nieto Calleja nieo hc hr r n ffu in fthe of signs four circle, of directions: world a one the body are its there of is tonalpohualli center which there the of each, on inside has of which top in- bird the the a mark on which directions, petals them, flower tercardinal Between long four space. are clearly trapezoidal there are a sectors within South and limited West North, East, the 12 otnrhr on ni’ aho h horizon. the on path a the it’s for and in southern stops point most northern Sun the most the reaches it where when places days, few the all mark the almost of would in bars horizontal I represented the is Sun, codices: it Mesoamerican the the way of the course annual in the especially symbolize also may sol- T four 66). the 65, to point (1983: with to Heyden flower points” “seem a sticial that: of petals form solstices Teotihua- four the it’s its in has prevalent which and pyramid, is the Sun’s Sun underneath It cave the the including iconography, Vega). can’s of al; image et (Freidel an as preted which days in 3). together the (Figure shown vessel are to polychrome them relates of the all she a solstices; registers the that mark Ceramics” signs Aztec of and group Sun the of Course universe. the Sun, of the model of a course as annual well the as by limited earth the of epnigtes id n os u lotein- solsticial the the also with but overlap points. which cor- gods, points its and tercardinal including birds Universe, trees, the responding of sections four contain the Codex, Madrid the (Fej´ervary-Mayer,) and in ane nteMynsyewt esfiue and figures less direc- with style intercardinal Mayan the the on and painted tions cardinal the shows also mean- many 4). are (Figure there signs petal ingful each outside and Inside (NW), h mgsi the in images The double a or I an of form it’s with game ball The inter- been also has petals four with flower A “The article her in (1991:521) Vega Constanza nthe In h iga fMynMdi oe Fgr 5) (Figure Codex Madrid Mayan of diagram The calli Tonalamatl − crir”o h er n akr of markers and year, the of “carriers” , .CSI DIAGRAMS COSMIC 2. os S)and (SW) house i.2 The 2. Fig. acatl Tonalamatl fthe of − ollin ed(NW), reed Pochtecas tochtli sign. fthe of − abt(SW). rabbit tecpatl sdiagram, ’s Pochtecas GONZ − flint LZTORRES ALEZ ´ epoiitds htte ol edterbenefi- their to send had would deities they aquatic that the so rule, propitiated to be seemed the Sun In the dates if the (1950:78). to Castillo month Crist´obal Del according by calendar given Mexica days 365 ntemonth’s the in them. of two the between studies fur- comparative proposes dif- and ther the diagrams two out the points between ferences (1999:71) Milbrath glyphs. more n17 lcdtesme n itrsolstices winter and summer the placed I 1975 In i.3 ru fsgsi oyhoevessel. polychrome in signs of Group 3. Fig. tecuilhuitontli .ANA CALENDAR ANNUAL 3. tecuilhuitontli h aswr ogr n even and longer, were days the and atemoztli fthe of Cantos de Mesoamérica (Mexico City, 10-13 November 2009) Editors: José Daniel Flores Gutiérrez & Rosalba Nieto Calleja eegvnt i ihtehl ftewrgod: war the of winter the help in places the solstice (1982) with Aguilera him hearts Huitzilopochtli”. and to it blood given therefore nourishing were weak, of the getting that eyes was necessary the was Sun “to the that Mexicas declination, infer the its (Gonz´alez, 1975:75) in was I Sun so it the that when says celebrated 1950:234) was Castillo, Mexicanos (Del los pinturas de sus In Historia por the month, celebrated. this was to feast relation big Huitzilopochtli’s when lcsti vn nDcme 2do 1487. of (1980) 22nd Broda December and on solstice event winter this a Tenochtit-places in of place Temple took Great lan the of inauguration the in tion iain qioe n osie.AeiadHar- cul- and Sun’s Aveni the to solstices. relation and equinoxes in oriented mination, were many them and of oriented astronomically are Mesoamerica 8)ad:“ ommrto ftedseto [the I: of celebrated”. (1967, descent was the Duran Huitzilopochtli of god] And commemoration “a walked”. and adds: path has everybody 287) it’s it [as makes what and it has days undoes way Sun one twenty it’s the after of because knows] highest is feast] the or- [this reached to celebrate reason to “the der says: II:288) (1943, Torquemada ilris(ozae,17:74) (Gonz´alez, 1975: rains cial e osie(bd:5 in :75) (ibid solstice ter ue1t oJl s,and 28th. 1st, December July to 12th June i.4 The 4. Fig. 2 oto h rhelgclriso ulig in buildings of ruins archaeological the of Most h ot before month The codn oSahag´un, to According .ACAOOIA ORIENTATIONS ARCHAEOLOGICAL 4. panquetzaliztli atemoztli Tonalamatl YBLS FSLTCSI EOMRCNCSOIIN13 COSMOVISION MESOAMERICAN IN SOLSTICES OF SYMBOLISM codn ohrcalculations her to According . n utioohl’ celebra- Huitzilopochtli’s and atemoztli atemoztli fthe of tecuilhuiltontli atemoztli Pochtecas 2 rmNvme 3hto 13th November from lcdtewin- the placed I . was olwn what following , okpaefrom place took panquetzliztli sdiagram. ’s , one yteIndians: the climate by Mexico’s by driest counted determined the seasons divi- the two solstice, to are These winter sions center region. the the Huitzilopochtli’s of are From side months the abundant. right, when more the months the are the of rains side Tlaloc, world the the by is the ruled left, of solstice, the to summer regions center the four “from the leaves: dividing further, in And lines horizon hypothetical the solstices”. to according the that in interprets disap- she Sun and the apparition of the of pearance points extreme four the ugssta twsrflcigtefr fa earthly an of form width, [ the in mat reflecting than was length it in that rectangle larger suggests the wall, serpent’s of the the proportions of in the Tenochtitlan of Codex, Temple Florentine Great the of drawing Great marked. were the points solstice and Also Xochicalco, the Tepoztlan Temple Teotihuacan, 65). Cholula, Alb´an, Cuicuilco, Monte Milbrath: like orienta- (cit places solsticial Mayans in with the among places tion 113 registered tung r season”. dry otecsooia iwa ela otertasper- rituals the to as well as the refer view mentions cosmological of These the the to define earth. corners the which of points, four space solsticial rectangular the four the of Mesoamerica, or world, reference of sites the different mention in research graphic esand ters giea(bd 0)ntsta codn othe to according that notes 202) (ibid: Aguilera eea uhr h aecridotethno- out carried have who authors Several i.5 h iga fMynMdi Codex. Madrid Mayan of diagram The 5. Fig. petate .SLTCSADETHNOGRAPHY AND SOLSTICES 5. tonalco hc,vr iey a eemndby determined was likely, very which, ] h ieo etado h u,the Sun, the of and heat of side the xopan h ieo h wa- the of time the , Cantos de Mesoamérica (Mexico City, 10-13 November 2009) Editors: José Daniel Flores Gutiérrez & Rosalba Nieto Calleja 14 coaswohv etoe h qaeeso h earth. the of squareness the mentioned have who scholars ftecneto ffie adnlpoints. cardinal fixed of conception the the existence of the in denies not Quich´e Guatemala the universe. of were among the sky of corners the the of on but holders Le´on Portilla points, by the cardinal ago that long and sides,- expressed - or spaces was “rumbos”, that of idea is have, that Mesoameri- and the insisted had, idea He cans the points, cardinal scholars. than modern rather and the erroneous chronicles by the the by followed clarify used ini- points to cardinal was tried of point concept who this Girard about by more K¨ohler, de- discussion tiated K¨ohler. done the Ulrich has that is clares who field this scholar on the research but Villa was (1968), Yucatan from Rojas Mayans the among solstices maize. ones growing the to especially related worldview, this following formed haa,cnlddta tlati htplace: that in least from at Pablo that San concluded of Chiapas, Tzotziles the among vestigations te ruso Mesoamerica several of from groups and other communities Tzetzal Mayan other .Telnsdanb nosre oad h pil- the towards observer an by drawn lines The the 7. in described god solar the of ascent The Eastern the 6. of each in located are pillars Heaven”; Two of “side 5. of called are corners South and the North 4. in located are pillars rectangle; a These as 3. placed are heaven of pillars points; The cardinal the 2. for name no is There 1. .Tefu ilr fhae ii h u’ path. Sun’s the limit heaven of pillars four The 8. 4 3 ¨ he isl 19:9,91) 90, (1995: K¨ohler himself study her in 178) 177, (1992: Tedlock Barbara the of importance the about write to first The ¨ he ii:9-7 etossmlrdt from data similar mentions 92-97) K¨ohler (ibid: o ako pc ecno nld h ae falthe all of names the include cannot 1977. we in space German of in lack published For first was book This aspae oteEs n etfr nap- an form West 40 and of East grade the proximate to placed lars ap- direction; house Southeast the the in in post placed a proximately through done was myth horizons; Western and building; world the in or heaven, lal hwta hyaelctdi h solsti- the in located points. the are cial points they in three that placed show other clearly be the instead, cannot points, heaven cardinal of that show pillars points five first the the that adds, he And, ◦ -50 4 . ◦ ; 3 fe i edin- field his after GONZ LZTORRES ALEZ ´ giea amn 92 XpnyTnlo Una Tonalco. y “Xopan 1982, Carmen. Aguilera, quincunx. a forming solti- points four with the intercardinal center in or corners the cial the in in sprouts pictured maize 6), is four (Figure the God culture this Maize as of the plaques times where two Olmec in seen since be found can the it is of but demarcation cosmos this examples, milpa-earth- that more know are give to for There fundamental cannot but is we rituals of space field”. “four type of the the these lack of of in instances center earth more the many the in to and offering of corners cultivation an the make says starting maize, many who before Totonacs 239) of the observation (2003: that the Barrera-Bassols like by scholars mentioned are which iul efre ysvrlIda rus espe- the on groups, the clearly to Indian related ones several shown the cially by is performed points rituals solsticial four the Hu- Life, /By of earth. Mother-Father the mankind.” modeler/ on cord, sky, Maker, the the the In Halving cord/ the stacking/ stretching fourfold Measuring, Vuh: Popol the 63-64): in Tedlock: world the (D. of creation the in scribed 5 p 185-207. N´ahuatl, pp. 15, Hist´oricas, vol. Cultura Investigaciones de de M´exico, Estudios Instituto del astron´omica correlaci´on mexica”, la calendario de acerca hip´otesis h motneo h eacto fsaein space of demarcation the of importance The cornering/ fourfold the siding, fourfold de- “The is cosmos the of form quadripartite This i.6 w le plates. Olmec Two 6. Fig. REFERENCES milpa arclua field- -agricultural Cantos de Mesoamérica (Mexico City, 10-13 November 2009) Editors: José Daniel Flores Gutiérrez & Rosalba Nieto Calleja ¨ he,Urc.18,“nteSgicneo the of Significance the “On 1982, Ulrich. K¨ohler, flora la de simbolismo “Mitolog´ıa y 1983, Doris. Heyden, ozae ors ool 93 E ut o srsentre astros los a 1993, culto “El Parker. 1963, Gonz´alez Yolotl. 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