Seoul, Design Masterpiece Gangnam district, Plot A5
Transsolar Energietechnik GmbH Matthias Rudolph, Friedemann Kik http//:www.transsolar.com
Seoul Housing Folie 1 Climate Data from weather station of Meteonorm – SEOUL CITY
Seoul Housing Folie 2 CLIMATE CONDITIONS – ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIALS
Climate Data Meteonorm60 Seoul City
Longitude 126.97° Latitude 37.57°
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 3 SEOUL CITY (Meteonorm Climate Data Station)
210 30.0
180 25.0
150 143 20.0 137 137
120 115 112 15.0 110 107
93 90 81 10.0
Insolation [kWh/m²] Insolation 62 63 60 52 5.0 Mean Outside Air Temperature [°C] Outside Air Temperature Mean 30 0.0
0 -5.0 jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec
Horizontal Insolation: 1213 kWh/m²/a Insolation [kWh/m²] Yearly Mean Outside Temperature 12.8 °C Mean Outside Air Temperature [°C] Nr. Of Hour With Outside Temperature Over 25 °C 1140 h Nr. Of Hour With Outside Humidity Over 11.5 g/Kg 2004 h Demand for Dehumidification
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 4 SEOUL CITY (Meteonorm Climate Data Station) North - Facade; Azimuth: 180° ;Slope: 90° 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60
50 2 4 50 1 40 0 40 0 1 0 31 32 30 25 31 0 30 0 23 25 25 20 0 19 0 20 Insolation [kWh/m²] Insolation 16 0 13 13 11 10 14 14 14 10 6 8 11 11 11 11 9 6 0 5 0 jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec total 392 kWh/m²/a Ground Reflection 121 kWh/m²/a Diffuse Radiation 262 kWh/m²/a Beam Radiation 9 kWh/m²/a Passive solar SEOUL CITY (Meteonorm Climate Data Station) South-Facade; Azimuth: 0° ;Slope: 90° heat gains 100 100 90 90 80 80 42 49 70 51 32 70 51 25 52 60 12 52 60 7 50 5 17 50 40 40 40 37 37 35 30 34 39 30 34 31 36 30 28 20 24 20 Insolation[kWh/m²]
10 14 14 14 10 8 11 11 11 11 9 0 6 6 5 0 jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec total 922 kWh/m²/a Ground Reflection 121 kWh/m²/a
Diffuse Radiation 405 kWh/m²/a Beam Radiation 395 kWh/m²/a Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 5 SEOUL CITY (Meteonorm Climate Data Station) East & West: 800 External Shading 700 needed 600
500 South :
400 Effective fixed 300 shading
200 (Overhang)
100 North : No 0 20.Jun. 19:12 21.Jun. 0:00 21.Jun. 4:48 21.Jun. 9:36 21.Jun. 14:24 21.Jun. 19:12 22.Jun. 0:00 22.Jun. 4:48shading needed Irradiance North Facade [W/m²] Irradiance South Facade [W/m²]
Irradiance East Facade [W/m²] Irradiance West Facade [W/m²]
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 6 Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis – shading strategies Folie 7 SEOUL CITY (Meteonorm Climate Data Station) 25 Pressure: 1003.0 hPa
20
80% 60% 100% 90% 70% 50%
40% 15
ASHRAE winter 30% 10 Thermal
20% Humidity Ratio [g/kg] Ratio Humidity Comfort Zone 5 10% ASHRAE summer
0 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Outdoor Air Temperature [°C]
Seoul Housing 24H/D Operation Time 6h - 20h Folie 8 Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery
Natural ventilation potential > 60%
Dehumidification period 40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20 01.Jan. 31.Jan. 02.Mrz. 02.Apr. 02.Mai. 02.Jun. 02.Jul. 01.Aug. 01.Sep. 01.Okt. 01.Nov. 01.Dez. 01.Jan. 0:00 10:00 20:00 6:00 16:00 2:00 12:00 22:00 8:00 18:00 4:00 14:00 0:00
Outside Air Temperature [°C] SEOUL CITY (Meteonorm Climate Data Station) Absolute Humidity [g/kg]
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 9 High potential for climate control by effective natural (cross ventilation) ventilation during daytime and night cooling of building mass by night time ventilation
35
30
25 dT = 17K
20
15
10
5
0 15.Mai. 16.Mai. 17.Mai. 18.Mai. 19.Mai. 20.Mai. 22.Mai. 23.Mai. 24.Mai. 25.Mai. 26.Mai. 27.Mai. 29.Mai. 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00
Outside Air Temperature [°C] SEOUL CITY (Meteonorm Climate Data Station) Absolute Humidity [g/kg]
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 10 Seoul Housing Natural ventilation and passive cooling concept during intermediate period Folie 11 High potential for seasonal heat storage such as geothermal systems
SEOUL CITY (Meteonorm Climate Data Station) 35
30
25
20
15 10 dT = 40K 5
0
-5 Outdoor TemperatureAir [°C] -10
-15
-20 Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 12 Geothermal systems - dehumidification/ cooling
compression chiller
active slab direct high temperature cooling systems
Heating hot water
Geothermal heat pump system to supply low temperature heating systems
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 13 SOLAR EXPOSURE STUDY – Spring / autumn
View from sun position during the course of selected days. Everything that can be seen receives beam sunlight. Everything that cannot be seen is in the shade.
Outdoor comfort is crucial for a lifely neighborhood. As soon as temperatures rise above 10°C, together with reduced wind speed and solar exposure creates a pleasant thermally comfortable environment.
The courtyards are shaped in the way to protect the courtyard against wind while allowing direct solar exposure.
Exemplary for spring time, the March 21st is selected to investigate the solar exposure on Block C and its courtyard.
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 14 6:007:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00 h hh
Seoul Housing Spring outdoor comfort with sun on courtyard and facades, 21st March Folie 15 SOLAR EXPOSURE STUDY – Winter
In wintertime solar gains in the residential area reduce heating demand.
Especially during the cold period solar exposure on the apartment façade provides high quality and comfort – physiologically and psychologically.
The building blocks are arranged in the way to maximize hours of direct solar exposure on each apartment during the cold period (low angle sun, short days).
Exemplary for the winter time the amount of daily hours on the facades, when they receive direct solar sun are assessed. This informs the massing and programming. (ground floors = amenities, upper floors = apartments)
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 16 View from Southeast
View from Southwest
Seoul Housing Sun potential 21st December Folie 17 SHADING STUDY
During high outside temperatures an effective shading system can reduce unwanted solar gains.
The building design with overhangs and wingwalls are a low maintenance system that can efficiently reduce solar gains.
On the other hand the fixed shading systems should allow enough daylight and useful solar gains during the heating period.
The shading study shows the effect of the overhang and wingwall system and how it can inform the glazing layout of the façade itself.
Seoul Housing Seoul City – Climate Analysis Folie 18 Shading study Block C
Seoul Housing Building C Folie 19 Investigated Apartments Block C
Flat 3, South Flat 2, South
Flat 1, West Flat 4, East
Flat 5, South
Seoul Housing Flats with different facade orientations Folie 20 Flat 2 Flat 3
Flat 1 Flat 4
Flat 5
Seoul Housing Facade orientation of flats Folie 21 Flat 2 Flat 3
6:007:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00 h hh
Flat 1 Flat 4
Flat 5
Seoul Housing Shading 21st March, equinox Folie 22 Flat 2 Flat 3
5:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00 h hh
Flat 1 Flat 4
Flat 5
Seoul Housing Shading 21st June, summer solstice Folie 23 Flat 2 Flat 3
6:007:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00 h hh
Flat 1 Flat 4
Flat 5
Seoul Housing Shading 21st December, winter solstice Folie 24 SHADING STUDY – Exemplary for a warm, sunny day (May 12th)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 11.Mai. 19:12 12.Mai. 0:00 12.Mai. 4:48 12.Mai. 9:36 12.Mai. 14:24 12.Mai. 19:12 13.Mai. 0:00 13.Mai. 4:48
Global Irradiance [W/m²] Direct Horizontal Insolation [W/m²] Diffuse Insolation Horizontal [W/m²]
Seoul Housing Solar Radiation, 12th May Folie 25 ~80% shaded ~80% shaded
Flat 2 Flat 3 East/West unshaded
South unshaded ~50% shaded ~50% shaded
Flat 1 Flat 4
~80% shaded
Flat 5
Seoul Housing Solar radiation weather data 12th May, high diffuse and direct component Folie 26 SOLAR GAINS STUDY – Exemplary for the heating period (january)
SEOUL CITY (Meteonorm Climate Data Station) 900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 30.Dez. 0:00 04.Jan. 0:00 09.Jan. 0:00 14.Jan. 0:00 19.Jan. 0:00 24.Jan. 0:00 29.Jan. 0:00 03.Feb. 0:00
Irradiance South Facade [W/m²] Irradiance East Facade [W/m²] Irradiance West Facade [W/m²]
Seoul Housing Solar Irradiation, January Folie 27 Flat 2 Flat 3
Flat 1 Flat 4
Flat 5
Seoul Housing Solar radiation weather data complete January Folie 28 Seoul Housing Daylight and shading concept – South facades Folie 29 Seoul Housing Daylight and shading concept – East and west facades Folie 30