The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd i 11/10/2012 12:15:30 AM Other volumes in the series of Bloomsbury Companions: Hindu Studies , edited by Jessica Frazier, foreword by Gavin Flood Religion and Film , edited by William L. Blizek Forthcoming in Religious Studies: Jewish Studies , edited by Dean Phillip Bell New Religious Movements , edited by George D. Chryssides and Benjamin E. Zeller 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd ii 11/10/2012 12:15:31 AM The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies Edited by Clinton Bennett LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd iii 11/10/2012 12:15:31 AM Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 175 Fift h Avenue London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10010 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com First published 2013 © Clinton Bennett and Contributors, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitt ed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Clinton Bennett has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Author of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury Academic or the author. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. E ISBN: 978-1-4411-3812-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Bloomsbury companion to Islamic studies / Edited by Clinton Bennett . p. cm. – (Bloomsbury companions) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1-4411–2788–4 (hardcover: alk. paper) – ISBN 978–1-4411–3812–5 (ebook pdf: alk. paper) 1. Islam. I. Bennett , Clinton. BP42.B58 2012 297.07 – dc23 2012024336 Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt, Ltd., Chennai, India 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd iv 11/10/2012 12:15:31 AM For my wife Rekha Sarker Bennett , BA (Dhaka), MSc (Oxford Brooks), Dip.Ed. (Birmingham), Grad. Dip. Psychol. (Wolverhampton), PQSW, MBPsS. 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd v 11/10/2012 12:15:31 AM 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd vi 11/10/2012 12:15:31 AM Contents Contributors i x Acknowledgments xiv Part I Introduction 1 Clinton Bennett Part II Research Methods and Problems 2 9 Elliott Bazzano Part III Current Research and Issues 5 7 1 Qurʾānic Studies 59 Andrew Rippin 2 Ḥadīth Studies 75 Aisha Y. Musa 3 Researching Sufi sm in the Twenty-First Century: Expanding the Context of Inquiry 93 Arthur F. Buehler 4 Islamic Theology 119 Mashhad Al-Allaf 5 Study of Shī‘ite Islam 135 Syed Rizwan Zamir 6 Salafi Islam: The Study of Contemporary Religious-Political Movements 163 William Shepard 7 Islam and the West 185 William Shepard 8 Fiqh , The Science of Islamic Jurisprudence 207 Maria F. Curtis 9 From Margin to Mainstream: The History of Islamic Art and Architecture in the Twenty-First Century 227 Jaclynne J. Kerner vii 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd vii 11/10/2012 12:15:32 AM Contents Part IV New Directions: The Who, Why, What, How, and Where of Studying Islam 259 Clinton Bennett Part V Chronology 283 Clinton Bennett Part VI Resources: An Annotated Bibliographical Guide 311 Clinton Bennett and Contributors Part VII A–Z Index of Key Terms and Concepts 327 Clinton Bennett Bibliography 375 Index 409 viii 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd viii 11/10/2012 12:15:32 AM Contributors Mashhad Al-Allaf is currently an Associate Professor of Philosophy, Islamic Studies, and Engineering Ethics at the Petroleum Institute, United Arab Emirates, and a Research Fellow at Cambridge University, United Kingdom. He received his PhD in Philosophy of Science and Metaphysics (1995) from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. His Master’s degree in Philosophy of Science (1985) and Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy (1981) were awarded by Baghdad University. Between 1999 and 2008, Dr Al-Allaf taught at Universities in the United States of America, including Washington, St. Louis, and Webster Universities in St. Louis, MO and Toledo University, OH where he was chair of Islamic Studies (2006–8). He is the author of several books, including The Basic Ideas and Institutions of Islam (2008), Locke’s Philosophy of Science and Metaphysics (2007), and The Essential Ideas of Islamic Philosophy (2006) all published by Edwin Mellen (Lewiston, NY). He is coauthor of Islamic Philosophy of Science and Logic (Dear Park, NY: Linus, 2010) with Nicholas Rescher, and The Beginning of Guidance (Santa Barbara, CA: White Thread Press, 2010) with Abdur-Rahman Ibn Yusuf. His research focuses on Integrative Studies and Multiculturalism, Ethical Theories and Applications, Islamic Theory of Science, and Medieval Islamic Sciences and the West. Elliott Bazzano is currently undertaking fi eld work in Morrocco. He taught Religious Studies at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (2011–12). He received his BA in Religious Studies from Humboldt State University, CA in 2005 and his MA in Religion and Islamic Studies from Duke, NC in 2006. He has spent time studying Arabic in Morocco, Yemen, Egypt, and Syria. Interests range from Qurʾānic exegesis and Sufi sm to Islam in America, issues surround- ing identity and pluralism to methodology and pedagogy in Religious Studies. He has contributt ed articles to the Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History and the Encyclopedia of Global Religion . Papers presented at academic proceedings include The Shadhdhuliyyah Sufi Order in America: Liminality, Innovation and Tradition (AAR Western Region meeting, 2008), Spiritual Healing, Sufi sm and America: A Case Study (Yale’s Criticial Islamic Refl ections Conference, 2008), and Moses and Khidr in the Imagination of Ibn al-‘Arabi: The Fusus al-Hikam as Qur’anic Exegesis (AAR annual meeting, 2011) His doctoral research at University of California, Santa Barbara, explores Ibn Taymiyya’s theory of Qurʾānic exegesis through his Treatise on the Principles of Qur’anic Interpretation in addition to exe- getical material found in his other works and his critiques of such intellectual ix 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd ix 11/10/2012 12:15:32 AM Contributors opponents as Ibn al-‘Arabi. Clinton Bennett divides his teaching between SUNY New Paltz, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, and Cambridge, United Kingdom. He completed his Birmingham University MA in 1985, his PhD in 1989, both in Islamic Studies. A Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society and the Royal Anthropological Institute, he also received the MEd from Oxford and a BA in Theology from Manchester, where he trained for ordination. A Baptist missionary in Bangladesh from 1979 to 1982, he maintains close personal and professional ties with South Asia. Director of interfaith relations for the British Council of Churches (1986–92), he has served on not-for-profi t management committ ees, local, national, and international ecumenical agencies, chaired a school governing body, and rep- resented an NGO at the UN. Previous teaching posts include subject leader for Religious Studies, Westminster College, Oxford (1992–8) and associate profes- sor, Islam and South Asian Studies, Baylor University, TX (1998–2001). Special interests include postcolonial theory and literature, use of fi lm and literature in teaching, issues surrounding objectivity and subjectivity in religious studies, religion’s role in confl ict resolution, contemporary Muslim thought, identity, and belonging in multicultural contexts. He has writt en ten books, numerous articles, reviews, chapters, editorials, and encyclopedia and dictionary entries. He is editor of the Continuum Studying World Religions series. His home page is www.clintonbennett .net and his email is benne tt c @ newpaltz.edu . Arthur F. Buehler spent fi ve years studying in the Arab world, including teach- ing for the British Council in Yemen for three years, before doing graduate work under the tutelage of Annemarie Schimmel. His Harvard University PhD thesis was Charisma and Exemplar: Naqshbandi Spiritual Authority in the Panjab, 1857– 1947 (1993). He wrote Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (1998) aft er three years of fi eldwork in the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent. His third book, a selected translation of the collected Persian lett ers of Ahmad Sirhindi will be published in 2012 (Paulist Press). He is presently a senior lecturer at Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand and an editor of the Journal of the History of Sufi sm (Paris/Istanbul). His current project is to write an introduction to Sufi sm that speaks directly to a general twenty-fi rst-century audience including Sufi practitioners, to be pub- lished by I. B. Tauris. Maria Curtis is an Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Cross-Cultural Studies at the University of Houston, Clear Lake. She is interested broadly speaking in the topics of gender and Islam, and Muslim imaginaries and exam- ines identity building in the public sphere through festivals, music, media, and food. She has writt en on women’s spirituality, performance, and global- ization in Morocco, as well as Turkish and Turkish-American women’s experi- ences in interfaith based community projects. She has also focused on issues of x 9781441127884_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd x 11/10/2012 12:15:32 AM Contributors discrimination in the American Muslim context and how they have responded in creative ways, and she has worked on interfaith initiatives since the late 1990s. Maria Curtis has a strong interest in pedagogical and epistemological questions regarding teaching on the Muslim world and Islam since 9/11, and has organized interfaith-based trips to Turkey for undergraduate and graduate students that employ alternative concepts of experiential learning. Jaclynne J. Kerner is assistant professor of art history at the State University of New York at New Paltz, where she teaches courses on the art and architecture of the Islamic world and medieval Europe.