TR NEWS NUMBER 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010

ASSET MANAGEMENT FOR A DURABLE INFRASTRUCTURE

3 INTRODUCTION 3 Asset Management at Work: Practical Perspectives on an Evolving Strategy David L. Blake, Sue McNeil, and Kathryn A. Zimmerman Whatever the infrastructure asset to be maintained, the principles of asset management can apply. Articles in this issue showcase a range of asset management experiences and successes, illustrating the principles at work in particular environments and offering practical insights into an evolving, proven, and valuable strategy. 4 Transportation Asset Management Timeline

6 Asset Management to Improve Highway Performance: Lessons from North Carolina and Tillamook County, Oregon Patricia M. Bugas-Schramm and Lacy D. Love The North Carolina Department of Transportation and Tillamook County Public Works in rural Oregon have worked to convert data about their activities, projects, and programs into 22 information that decision makers can use in managing performance across a range of assets while minimizing cost and risk. Here are the challenges faced and the solutions that worked—which also have gained community support. 7 Transportation Asset Management: Definitions and Principles Philip Tiewater and Kathryn A. Zimmerman 14 Applying Asset Management to the Interstate Highway System

16 Driving Asset Management Through Performance: Culture Change and Proven Results at the Missouri Department of Transportation Mara K. Campbell Missouri DOT has achieved significant improvements in pavement and other assets by implementing throughout the organization a performance management approach—data- 28 driven, results-focused, accountability-based, and incorporating asset management practices. The system offers flexibility to adapt to customer needs and to an uncertain funding environment. 21 Developing Asset Management Programs for Airports Marci A. Greenberger

22 Local Communities Adopting Asset Management: Initiatives, Models, and Results in Michigan and Wisconsin Steve Warren In Michigan and Wisconsin, statewide initiatives have encouraged local agencies to adopt an asset management approach to paved road conditions. Many local agencies are using asset management to educate decision makers and stakeholders about the basics of pavement deterioration and to explain the logic and sense of a mix-of-fixes preservation strategy.

28 Visualization of Transportation Assets with Geobrowsers: Cost-Effective Tools for Exploration, Interaction, and Decision Making COVER: As the nation’s M. T. Darter, T. A. Lasky, and B. Ravani infrastructure ages, states and Geobrowsers that use free or low-cost software have opened new opportunities for asset localities are putting asset visualization, improving ease of use by transportation staff from diverse professional management principles to work backgrounds, as well as by the public. Geographic visualization can assist in asset to improve the management and management by emphasizing exploration, interaction, and decision making. extend the service life of infrastructure assets. 32 Asset Management Resources (Background photo: Missouri Department of Transportation) 33 POINT OF VIEW TR NEWS The Right Fix at the Right Time Kirk T. Steudle features articles on innovative and timely research and development activities in all modes For nearly two decades, Michigan DOT has applied an asset management approach to of trans portation. Brief news items of interest to investing in its infrastructure, and local transportation partners have worked to do the the transportation community are also included, same for almost 10 years. The state agency’s director reviews the practical lessons and along with profiles of transportation profes - the benefits, as the legislature considers funding allocations in adverse economic times. sionals, meeting an nouncements, summaries of new publications, and news of Transportation Re search Board activities. ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: TR News is produced by the Transportation Research Board Publications Office 37 Calendar Javy Awan, Editor and Publications Director Lea Mae Rice, Assistant Editor Jennifer J. Weeks, Photo Researcher Juanita Green, Production Manager 38 Research Pays Off Michelle Wandres, Graphic Designer Get on the Bus: Connecting Small Communities on Montana’s Hi-Line TR News Editorial Board David Kack Frederick D. Hejl, Chairman Jerry A. DiMaggio Charles Fay Christine L. Gerencher 40 Profiles Edward T. Harrigan Bridge design engineer Barney T. Martin, Jr., and civil engineering professor and Christopher J. Hedges consultant Reginald R. Souleyrette Russell W. Houston Thomas R. Menzies, Jr. G.P. Jayaprakash, Research Pays Off Liaison 42 News Briefs Transportation Research Board War of 1812 ship, green initiatives, online shopping’s effects, and European traffic Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Executive Director Suzanne B. Schneider, Associate Executive Director 44 TRB Highlights Mark R. Norman, Director, Cooperative Research Programs News, 44 Technical Activities Stephen R. Godwin, Director, Studies and Special Programs 46 Bookshelf Michael P. LaPlante, Director, Administration and Finance Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Neil F. Hawks, Director, SHRP 2

TR News (ISSN 0738-6826) is issued bimonthly by the COMING NEXT ISSUE Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001. Internet address: www.TRB.org. The Transportation Editorial Correspondence: By mail to the Publications Research Board cele- Office, Transportation Research Board, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001, by telephone brates its 90th 202-334-2972, by fax 202-334-3495, or by e-mail Anniversary in 2011, [email protected]. and the November– Subscriptions: North America: 1 year $55; single December 2010 TR issue $10. Overseas: 1 year $80; single issue $14. News will inaugurate Inquiries or communications concerning new subscriptions, subscription problems, or single-copy the occasion with a sales should be addressed to the Business Office th feature article by past at the address below, or telephone 202-334-3216, 90 Executive Director fax 202-334-2519. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, D.C. Thomas B. Deen, reviewing the organi- Postmaster: Send changes of address to TR News, Anniversary Transportation Research Board, 500 Fifth Street, NW, zation’s history and Wash ington, DC 20001. characteristics but focusing on develop- Notice: The opinions expressed in articles appearing in TR News are those of the authors and do not ments and trends in necessarily reflect the views of the Transportation the past 15 years. Research Board. The Trans por tation Research Board Supplementary fea- and TR News do not en dorse products or manufac- turers. Trade and manufacturers’ names appear in an tures and sidebars include selected major milestones in TRB’s evolution, a look for- article only because they are considered essential to ward to the next 10 years and TRB’s centennial, summary comments from some of its object. TRB’s significant players, and a review of the first 5 years of the Airport Cooperative Printed in the United States of America. Research Program. Other features present state department of transportation experi- Copyright © 2010 National Academy of Sciences. ences with public communication through social networking media, policy lessons All rights reserved. For permissions, contact TRB. for today from medieval bridge builders, and more. TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 3 e Internet; e Measures are Recommendations oeatn,comparing,Forecasting, and Performance measures. Analysis. Decision making. u u u How organizations implement these ASSET formance to an accepted standard. accepted an to formance prioritizing prioritizing performance measures yields established to relate an asset’s level of per- of level asset’s an relate to established and maintenance programs via th via programs maintenance and Transportation of Department Michigan the recommendations recommendations for the maintenance, man- financial links TEAMS, or System, ment from the analysis are incorporated into poli- into incorporated are analysis the from cy decisions. cy components varies greatly. For example, Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise Asset Manage- Asset Enterprise Turnpike Florida’s rehabilitation, or replacement of assets. of replacement or rehabilitation, agement systems, work order applications, order work systems, agement Practical Perspectives Perspectives Practical AT WORK AT on an Evolving Strategy Evolving an on MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT Maintaining an accu- ned, the principles of asset manage- asset of principles the ned, sset management is a term widely used in transportation agencies world- agencies transportation in used Asset inventory. Every asset management process involves process management asset Every u maintai to to buildings and communication towers. applications ranging from signs and culverts and signs from ranging applications Whatever infrastructure asset needs to needs asset be infrastructure Whatever more more than bridges and pavements, with critical first step. first critical agencies, but asset management addresses management asset but agencies, ment can apply. can ment rate inventory of infrastructure assets is the is assets infrastructure of inventory rate major funding issue for most transportation most for issue funding major four fundamental components: fundamental four pavements and bridges. These assets are the are assets These bridges. and pavements wide. Most people associate the term with term the associate people Most wide. A DAVID L. BLAKE, SUE McNEIL, AND KATHRYN A. ZIMMERMAN easurement for Transportation for easurement M Council Committee on Performance on Committee Council and Cochair, National Research National Cochair, and quences of Delayed Maintenance; Delayed of quences gram Project Panel on Conse- on Panel Project gram Cooperative Highway Research Pro- Research Highway Cooperative Management Committee. Management Newark; Chair of the National the of Chair Newark; Chair, TRB Transportation Asset Transportation TRB Chair, ing, University of Delaware, of University ing, Civil and Environmental Engineer- Environmental and Civil nology, Inc., Urbana, Illinois; and Illinois; Urbana, Inc., nology, McNeil is Professor, Department of Department Professor, is McNeil President, Applied Pavement Tech- Pavement Applied President, tional Conference. Zimmerman is Zimmerman Conference. tional Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise, Ocoee. Enterprise, Turnpike Florida’s Systems: Fourth U.S. and Interna- and U.S. Fourth Systems: Blake is Project Manager, PBS&J, Manager, Project is Blake INTRODUCTION 4 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 costly replacements. prevent assetfailuresand maintenance plans—can comprehensive bridge practice—such as Asset managementin undergoes inspection. Cleveland, Ohio, The InnerbeltBridgein 2001 1st National Asset 1996 TRANSPORTATIONASSET MANAGEMENT TIMELINE Management Conference, “Advancing the State of the Art into the 21st Century Through Public–Private Dialogue,” Washington, D.C. AASHTO creates 1997 Transportation Asset Management Task Force 2nd National Asset Management Conference, “21st Century Asset Management,” Albany, N.Y. DT sin em n omtesthroughout committees and teams assigns (DOT) allitsdivisions implementto asset management; Australiaincorporates scenario analysis tools and and the Queensland Department of Main Roads in risk assessments into its asset management frame- work. AASHTO adopts 1998 Asset Management Strategic Plan

Government International New Zealand Asset 1999 Accounting Infrastructure Standards Board Management Management Support publishes Manual implements Statement 34, requiring state and local governments to report the “conditions and costs of capital assets” FHWA creates Office of Asset Management 3rd National Asset Management Conference, “Asset Management Peer Exchange,” Scottsdale, Ariz.

T D O : P RANSPORTATION OF EPARTMENT HIO HOTO Force Management Task Asset TRB establishes 2000 Australia. management program in Brisbane, demonstration of the sidewalk asset A 2005 international scan included a 2005 evo management experiences and successes. One arti- plementperformancemanagement perfor-and cle describes how performance measures were measures performance how describes cle County,Oregon, tocreate anasset management mancemeasurement. Performance management tem, guided by the mant the byguided tem, established in North Carolina and in Tillamookin and CarolinaNorth inestablished decisions informs management asset activities; focuses on the importance of leadership in effect- utr fr eiin making. decision for culture implementation of—an asset management sys-managementasset implementation of—an isthe holistic management ofthe transportation formance measurement supports managementsupportsmeasurement formance ing MissouriDOT’singsuccessful transition to—and network,includingcongestion;freightand per- about how to manage the hard assets. the assetthemanagement phenomenon spreadhas istration created the Office of Asset Management, hogot h transportati the throughout Since 1999, when the Federal Highway Admin- This issue of l ves as a strategy, asset management can com- TR News Conference, Wis. Management Step,” Madison, “Taking the Next 4th National Asset 2001 showcases a r ra, “Better,ra, faster,and n nuty A it As industry. on

nte article Another

: FHWA : P HOTO ange of asset produced under AASHTO publishes 2002 Transportation Asset NCHRP Project 20- Management Guide 24(11), Asset Management Guidance for Transportation Agencies , TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 5 An Asset An , developed , System Interstate Highway Interstate 20-74 Framework for the for Framework under NCHRP Project NCHRP under Management 2009 Asset National 8th Management Conference, Conference, “Putting the Asset the “Putting Management Pieces Management Together,” Portland, Together,” Report 632, 632, Report Ore. TRB publishes NCHRP publishes TRB

PHOTO: FHWA Although bridges and Although bridges the two highways are of primary applications the asset management, principles also apply to signs, culverts, and other structures. . TR News TR 2007 Asset National 7th Management Conference, “New Conference, Directions in Directions Transportation Asset Transportation Management and Management Economic Analysis,” Economic New Orleans, La. Orleans, New 2006 A U.S. domestic scan examined an examined scan domestic U.S. A instrumented van that collects pavement collects that van instrumented condition data for the Grand Valley Grand the for data condition Metropolitan Council, Grand Rapids, Grand Council, Metropolitan Michigan. publishes scan report scan publishes 20-68(01); FHWA 20-68(01); NCHRP Project Project NCHRP conducted under conducted Management, Pilot: Asset Pilot: U.S. Domestic Scan Domestic U.S. Asset Management Asset Understanding on Understanding Memorandum of Memorandum 2006 sign FHWA and EPA : Appreciation is expressed to TRB to :expressed is Appreciation OTE N S ’ DITOR Analytical mittee mittee of authors and reviewers, chaired by Sue McNeil, in developing this issue of of issue this developing in McNeil, Sue tributions tributions in working with a special subcom- Senior Program Officer Charles Fay for his con- his for Fay Charles Officer Program Senior E

can improve the management—and extend the extend can the improve management—and

service life—of infrastructure assets. infrastructure life—of service implementation of asset management principles of management asset implementation

T D C N : P RANSPORTATION OF EPARTMENT AROLINA ORTH HOTO A-PL-05-019) ews (FHW publishes report publishes Zealand; FHWA Zealand; England, and New and England, Australia, Canada, Australia, 6th National Asset National 6th Report 545, 545, Report International Scan: International Management, Management NCHRP Project 20-57 Project NCHRP TRB publishes NCHRP publishes TRB Management Tools for Asset for Tools Conference, “Making Conference, developed under developed Transportation Asset Transportation 2005 Asset Management Asset Work in Your in Work Organization,” Kansas City, Mo. City, Kansas TR N TR power of asset a state DOT director , 2004 establishes TRB Transportation Asset Transportation Management Committee Committee AASHTO publishes AASHTO Revised Asset Revised Management Strategic Plan Strategic agement, now undergoing a new test Although each article presents a different per- ransportation Asset ransportation asset man icy responses to a statewide implementation of traces the practical lessons and the favorable pol- favorable the and lessons practical the traces decision making is described in a fourth article. Finally, in a Point of View ment information more effectively and improve more effectively ment information pcie allspective, asset principles illustrate management municipality or at a state DOT, the organizational the DOT, state a at or municipality twr ihnterpriua niomns From at work environments. within their particular affordable technology to visualize asset manage- raiainicuiglaesi’ role—to doc- leadership’s organization—including ment and visualizing the management, the articles in this issue of of issue this in articles the management, and valuable strategy. Whether at Whether a local small, strategy. and valuable transportation.org) the state DOT level into local communities. New, how to implement asset management within an during difficult economic times. economic difficult during assetmanagement. umenting the results of improved asset manage- (http:/ practice website practice agement and its benefits can be extended beyond extended be can benefits its and agement offer practical insights into an evolving, proven, into an insights evolving, practical offer a community-of- a 2003 Asset National 5th hae. Acheaper.” third article points out how asset man- Management Today, Today, Management Management Management Transportation Asset Transportation Subcommittee Subcommittee Conference, “Moving Conference, AASHTO launches AASHTO from Theory to Theory from Practice,” Atlanta, Practice,” Ga., and Seattle, and Ga., Wash. AASHTO establishes AASHTO T

MANAGEMENT 6 AT WORK

TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 ASSET and suburbancommuters (above,Charlotte),as wellasruralcountynetworks. The NorthCarolinaDepartment ofTransportation (DOT) maintainsroadsforurban President,PBS is Bugas-Schramm DirectorAsset of Oregon.is Portland, Love Inc., Consulting, Transportation,Raleigh. Carolinaof Department North Management, T Or andTillamook County Public Works Tillamook,in North Carolina Department of Transportation (DOT) cost and risk. In both cases, the ability to simplify key tionthat decision makers can use in managing per- their activities, projects, and programs into informa- formanceacross arange of assets while minimizing involved in preserving transportation assets. report performance and manage risk. E V O L . D Y C A L D N A M M A R H C S - S A G U B . M A I C I R T A P and Carolina North from Lessons Management to Asset identify critical investments with simplified ways to Tillamook County, Oregon infor Improve Highway omnt udrtnig f h challenges the of understanding community ing has guided agency use of resources and has built Performance egon, have met the challenge to reduce costs and Both agencies have worked to convert data about mation and build teams for performance report-

thenation’s transportation network. The 39,000 local governments that manage that governments local 39,000 egs o te tts rgos ad the and regions, states, the for lenges e20 cnmcrcsinrie chal- raised recession economic 2009 he

: D : P REAMSTIME HOTO a few state highwstatefew a nance, and operations through 14 mainte-fieldconstruction,coordinates anddivisions system the with (DOH) is responsible for the planning and design of mountainous tocoastal. state’s roadstraverseavarietyof terrain,from western NorthCarolinaaftera2009rockslide.The Road crewsworkonclearingdebrisfromI-40in theindustries that drive its economy. With massive cally rural and agricultural state is in transition, with changes in such economic mainstays as t west. Most of the state’s 9.5 million residents live in DOT. Moreover, North Carolina DOT is one of only largest the of one maintains DOT Carolina North Land the of Lay barrier islands in the east and mountain ranges in the roadsystemsadditionInterstatesinthe to pri-and tiles,furniture, andagricultural products, histori-a the region between, near the state’s major cities and mary highways. and commuting to work. than 79,000 miles of highways, second only to Texas state transportation systems in the nation—more the in systems transportation state more citizens living in urban and suburban settings North North geographicallyisstate The diverse, coastalwith C rln DTs iiin f Highways of Division DOT’s arolina ay agencies that maintainagenciescountythatay

obacco, tex-

DOT C N : P AROLINA ORTH HOTO TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 7

PHOTO: NORTH CAROLINA DOT . in with in t t performance Understanding As the state’s historically As the state’s rural landscape becomes more urban, changing road use and infrastructure needs present a challenge to North Carolina DOT. Agencies do not need to wait Investment and resource allo- help help keep these before priorities the and organization provide a means of reporting on progress. progress. on reporting of means a provide Assets are managed from a long-term perspective Decisions are data driven. Risk is considered in the decision process. TAM is a dynamic process. u u u u Transportation Asset Management Committee. Management Asset Transportation Pavement Technology, Inc., Urbana, Illinois, and Chair, TRB Chair, and Illinois, Urbana, Inc., Technology, Pavement Wayne, Pennsylvania. Zimmerman is President, Applied President, is Zimmerman Pennsylvania. Wayne, Tiewater is Founder and Principal, ELM Consulting, LLC, Transportation assets represent a significant investment; TAM investment; a represent assets significant Transportation the premise the that premise as the data and improve the organizational under alternative scenarios. alternative under cation decisions depend on the availability of reliable data that data reliable of availability the on depend decisions cation as turn, In improve. will decisions resulting the changes, culture the probability of asset failure and the consequences—as well consequences—as the and failure of asset probability the until until they have complete data sets or decision sophisticated makes the preservation of asset value a priority. Agencies must Agencies priority. a value asset of preservation the makes as the reliability of the data used for decision making—are fun- making—are decision for used data the of reliability the as processes to adopt TAM principles. Agencies should beg should Agencies principles. TAM adopt to processes indicate current conditions and that conditions can current indicate projec activities TAM improve, processes decision and availability data manage each asset throughout its entire life cycle, focusing on focusing cycle, life entire its throughout asset each manage long-term strategies instead of short-term gains. short-term of instead strategies long-term damental aspects of TAM. of aspects damental should be reassessed and improved. and reassessed be should od for assessing the maintenance condition of condition maintenance the od assessing for TAM . In a h ategic To determine what to measure and how to estab- to how and measure to what determine To lish levels of service, North Carolina DOT held work- held DOT Carolina North service, of levels lish of expertise the engage and input the gain to shops way system. way met first maintenance condition report on the state high- state the on report condition maintenance first the state’s highway system and, in 1998, produced its produced 1998, in and, system highway state’s the . TAM assists TAM . Definitions and Principles Strategic direction is Transportation Asset Management Asset Transportation ultiple assets, alternative PHILIP TIEWATER AND KATHRYN A. ZIMMERMAN nd improvement programs with programs nd improvement that could be provided with addi- department was unable to quantify its e goals. goals. PMs provide a means of so progress, monitoring that improvements can that be improvements made when and warranted, resources can be allocated appropriately. allocated be can resources

decisions consider the needs of various stakeholders; PMs stakeholders; various of needs the consider decisions agencies agencies in with decisions aligning day-to-day str Decisions are based on measures of performance Strategic objectives are specified. ing strategies, risk, and an asset’s economic and engi- s transportation asset management (TAM) has evolved over the years, so has its definition. Most of today’s def- today’s of Most definition. its has so years, the over d u u Most TAM definitions encompass the following principles: following the encompass definitions TAM Most

– priorities. to stakeholder decisions agency PMs link Historically, requests to the department’s leader- –goals strategic toward progress measure PMs resources; considerations include m making decisions about the allocation of investments and the state’s maintenance needs based on data, not on not data, on based needs maintenance state’s the historical trends. The department developed a initions reflect a strategic, performance-based process for needs or to communicate effectively withlature, the the legis- public, and its own leadership about the Condition Reports In 1997, the North Carolina General Assembly support offices in all 100 counties. Like many other fun level of service that was being provided or about the those goals. goals. those level of servic state highway agencies, the department depends on important for any organization. An organization can create the create can organization An organization. any for important neering characteristics throughout its life. neering characteristics throughout its passed legislation requiring the department to report to department the requiring legislation passed TAM environment, performance measures (PMs) are integral— are (PMs) measures performance environment, TAM fuel taxes and user fees, along with the federal High- maintenance and operations must compete for funds tional funds.

way Trust Fund, to support its programs; highway A best opportunity for achieving its strategic goals by aligning its aligning by goals strategic its achieving for opportunity best they track various aspects of agency performance and provide and performance of agency aspects various track they resource allocation decisions a decisions allocation resource on trends in allocations than on needs. In the 1980s the data that decision makers need for the effective manage- for the need effective makers decision that the data with other programs and transportation modes. and 1990s, the ship and to the legislature for funds were based more ment of transportation assets: transportation of ment 8 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 TABLE 1SampleWorksheet forNorthCarolina Performance Measure measures andgoals. a focusonperformance Administration, initiating Federal Highway workshop withthe Highways hosteda DOT’s Departmentof In 2005,NorthCarolina LOS Category LOS Description LOS Category LOS LOS= level of service. F D C B A PercentPerformanceof lane miles Measure: that Pavementmeet condition condition indicator survey rating ConditionIndicator: Activities: Asset: Element: <60%of lane miles meet the condition indicator 60%to <75% of lane miles meet the condition indicator 75%to <80% of lane miles meet the condition indicator 80%to <85% of lane miles meet the condition indicator 85%or more of lane miles meet the condition indicator Pavement(structure or quality) Pavement Pavementcondition rating more dollars to maintenance and operations. the legislature, and provided justification for shifting tify needs to stakeholders, developed credibility with reported the condition and funding needs to the to needs funding and condition the reported theperformance measures andperformance targets GeneralAssembly. These early efforts helped quan- adjust work plans to address the deficiencies identi- would have to collect the data; and thatnoware central tothedepartment’s asset man- lhuhtefnig ucee nscrn funds securing in succeeded findings the Although Leadership in Shift accomplished objectives: workshops main three The engineers. field its tomaintain assets, theagency needed other data to ogy. help develop the process; et o hgwy ses vr ohr er and year other every assets highway of ments agement effo u u u At first,NorthCarolinaAtconducted DOT assess- The1998workshops created thefoundation for ohl h eta tf iaietemethodol- the finalize staff central the help To who managers, field the from buy-in gain To to opportunity an engineers field the give To rts. ≥

80

DOT C N : P AROLINA ORTH HOTO with a higher level of servic Operations. and in the field divisions.Al field the in and staff, and FHWA, examined functional areas of DOH (Table 1). skills. The changes aimed at a more efficient and efficient more a at aimed changes The skills. undergoing a shift in leadership at the central offices preservation engineer, implemented a modern main- uniformly maintained and operated highway system, making, and opportunities to use their management agement of the highway infrastructure. performance targets for key outcomes that should be includingrepresentatives centraltheoffice,of field business areas, to develop performance measures and open to new ideas and concepts to improve man-improveto conceptsand ideas new to open managerswould gain flexibility, control indecision office added an asset management specialist. like a business, to achievemeasurablebusiness,results.toThe a like trict levels. its many initiatives. The Federal Highway Adminis- the network statewide, but not at the county or dis- and submitted results to the steering committee steering the to results submitted and for reasonableconditionof assumptionsfortheabout duced a fresh perspective on maintenance and were vided technical support and assistance; the division tration’s (FHWA’s) national and division offices pro- establishedOfficeanAsset ofManagement, among su customerconductedmanagementsystem,tenance esrd Fcs rus f bu sx members, six about of groups Focus measured. field managers could manage their operations more fied.collectedThe datawere only accurate enough DOH managers provided guidance and direction. completed a template for each performance measure engineersandfieldandcentral thewhich in ment construction were retiring. The new managers intro- h e O edrhpwsntstsidwt con- with satisfied not was leadership DOH new The Results Measurable Achieving formancemeasuresfunctionalby area.group Each managershired during the boom years of Interstate developed a long-range transportation plan, and plan, transportation long-range a developed tive approach to focus on outcomes, with clearly with outcomes, on focus to approach tive tinuing past practices but sought a shift from a reac- targets, and measures. A s performancegoals,established with culture based defined goals and objectives, flexibility, and account- develop strategies for implementing a performance- ability. In 2005, in partnership with the FHWA divi- sion office, the department held a 2-day workshop to rveys, refined its maintenance quality assessments, The overarchingwa Thegoal The agency established the position of pavement t h sm tm, ot C North time, same the At The workshop focused on the core operationalcore the on focusedworkshop The The focus groups reviewed a list of potential per- teering committee of senior e. s to create an environ-createan to s most all of the senior the of all most rln DT was DOT arolina TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 9 North Carolina DOT’s Organizational Performance Dashboard allows the public to access statistics on performance indicators, including infrastructure health, fatality rates, and delivery rate.

85 75 1

PCS

NBIS 90 71

Method Target Score nce too many items and

Data Collection 2008 State Avg. m m and educate stakeholders measuring 92 A 85 B 85/77* B/C* Target LOS Target LOS Target LOS Statewide TierStatewide Tier Regional Tier Subregional The department is taking advan- taking is department The

Pavement Pavement Bridge Health Index Health Bridge Ground-mounted signs signs Ground-mounted MCA 92 90 https://apps.dot.state.nc.us/dot/dashboard/.

Asset

MCA = maintenance condition assessment. assessment. condition maintenance = MCA mance measures and the targets developed by the important features in a focused effort sometimes can work groups. One discovery is that measuring a few

TABLE 3 Sample of North Carolina Performance Results, 2008 3 Sample of North Carolina TABLE produce produce multiple what-if options, PCS = pavement condition survey; NBIS = National Bridge Inspection Standards; Standards; Inspection Bridge National = NBIS survey; condition pavement = PCS ment management system quickly system management ment reducing the amount of analysis 1 Measurements and Management Department managers realize that the transition to asset on relies that a organization performance-based What-If Work Plans DOH Operations continues to refine the perfor- management system and the pave- the and system management work better than overwhelming theperformance field of number the managers.reduced has Asdepartment a result, the ment to approximately 30. 30. approximately to ment previously performed by central staff. The data sup- data The staff. central by performed previously measures measures to be evaluated during the 2010 assess- management management principles will take time. The estab- about the performance results and assessments. and results performance the about zation. The department also has developed a public a developed has also department The zation. port port departmental 5-year work programs that are develop what-if work plans and part of the transformation to a results-based organi- results-based a to transformation the of part resurfacing programs based on tage of its management systems to systems of management its tage dashboard—a display of indicators and measures— and indicators of display dashboard—a lishment of performance measures and performance and measures performance of lishment anticipated investment dollars and dollars investment anticipated targets is a major step. The adage, “What gets mea- gets “What adage, The step. a is major targets sured, gets managed,” can spur an a organization, levels of service. The maintena The of service. levels on on its website to infor 80 85 A 80 B 75 C

≥ PHOTO: LEA M. RICE Pavement condition rating rating condition Pavement Performance Measure Performance nce and condition of the ttwd irhgwy—nesae andStatewide tier major highways—Interstates Subregional tier highways—the secondary road Regional tier remaining primary highways—the u u u The process developed 49 performance measures, In establishing the performance targets for each targets the performance In establishing Individual performance reviews were tied to mea- to tied were reviews performance Individual Ground-mounted signsGround-mounted legible and Visible Pavement Index Health Bridge condition good in bridges of % 90 A 75 B 65 C Asset (Table 3). 3). (Table draw draw field managers’ attention to the deficiencies Highway NC-12, along the state’s northeastern along the state’s Highway NC-12, Highway in the shore, is classified as a Statewide Tier *Higher score and LOS for regulatory and warning signs, lower for other signs. other for lower signs, warning and regulatory for LOS and score *Higher TABLE 2 Sample of North Carolina Performance Measures Performance Sample of North Carolina 2 TABLE routes; and routes; North Carolina Multimodal Investment Network. highway system, generated from the 2008 biannual 2008 the from generated system, highway meet meet the performance target were highlighted, to highway assessment program. Areas that did not system. system. like those shown in Table 2, to measure the success primary routes; primary of DOH Operations in delivering transportation performance measure, the work groups recognized the work groups measure, performance that each class served a different purpose and products and services. Because North Carolina DOT except for municipal streets—three distinct classifi- cations of highways were addressed: is responsible for the entire state highway system— sureable outcomes for the first time in 2009. Perfor- 2009. in time first the for outcomes sureable required a different level of service. service. of level different a required mance appraisals for all DOH managers were based were managers DOH all for appraisals mance in part on the performa 10 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 program. asset-based management maintenance andofan importance ofpreventive highlights the Tillamook County inches peryearin An averagerainfallof90 management. to roadsurface annual roadbudgetgoes county’s $4million 25 percentofthe Oregon. Approximately Tillamook County, damaged bystormsin Surfaces andbridges an ag force wind and rain events have st have eventsrain and windforce effort that can start with data already available from annual rainfall is 90 inches. Many severe hurricane- climate—theOregon,tralwetcoastofa in average appropriate performance measures is a long-term a is measures performance appropriate tion of 25,845, the county is located on the west cen- legis success with the expectations of stakeholders,the expectationsof the withsuccess ments with the public’s wants and needs. Establish- eral emergencies. n a ast aaeet utr ta rle on relies that culture management asset an ing replacement$394million.valueofpopula- With a targets a critical task. formanceperformancemeasuressettingofthe and expectations, and calibrate engineering measure- engineering calibrate and expectations, as individuals. This makes the establishment of per- ac agt,ntol sa raiain u also but organization, an perfor- as meeting only not of targets, mance importance the understand to theend of the 2010 assessment, engage the public’s will rev rural 380-mile county road network that has a 2009 County since 1996; eight of these were declared fed- ilmo onyPbi ok aae small, a manages Works Public County Tillamook Understanding and Confidence accountability. achieve to individual an or division, In the past 20 years, road programs have been haveprograms road years, 20 past the In The department continues to align its measures of tNrhCrln O,mngr r beginning are managers DOT, Carolina North At lature, and the administration. DOH Operations ency’s pavement and bridge reporting systems. i sit the performance measures and targets at

ruck Tillamookruck

-S B P P CHRAMM UGAS ATRICIA OF COURTESY HOTO tem to a state of goo ofstate a to tem preventive maintenance has occurred. Approximately value, condition, and requirements to bring the sys- major assets, including the inventory,theincludingassets, majorreplacement budgethasremained unchanged years.for10 Little management.Th to financial reporting were established. percent of the county’s road revenues. systemincreased.havemillion $4annualTheroad 25 percent of the total budget is spent on road surface rizedtermsinasset’sanof life-cycle cost,and links reduced or eliminated, although the needs of the road receiptfunding,generateswhichapproximately 40 Commission (MTC), which applies the Pavement the applies which (MTC),Commission are sorted into categories from goo The U.S. CongressfederalU.S.phasingtheTheforestoutis and to establish service priorities. ture data. Cost accounting activities were catego- were activities accounting Cost data. ture primarilybridgeforreplacement stormandrepairs. Condition Index (PCI) scale of 0 to 100; the ratings gon Motor Vehicle Fund, and state and federal grants Francisco Bay Area Metropolitan Transportation Metropolitan Area Bay Francisco for principlesmanagement asset adopt to quickly roles and responsibilities for managing infrastruc-managingresponsibilities for and roles obje and goals countyroads: federal forest timber receipts, the Ore- This information has helped to identify critical assets adopted the pavement rating method of the San County the of method Tillamook rating pavement asset. the adopted critical a are Pavements Pavements Rating moved leadership county new 2008, January In Assets Critical Identifying in Table 5. service planning and business processes. Strategicprocesses.business and planningservice Tilla the produced effort initial- community. This the providedservicesto the andnetwork road the rent level of services, and future service options. Report, mook County County mook h lnincludes plan The The report drew on an assessment of the agency’s identifyinginformation,roadassetcur- the ctives were updated, along with the withalong updated,were ctives Road Asset Management Plan 2008 Plan Management Asset Road reesourcesfunding ofsupport the d repair, as shown in Tablerepair,in4.shown d as detailed information for all for information

d to poor, as listed

-S B P P CHRAMM UGAS ATRICIA OF COURTESY HOTOS TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 11 NA 61% 40% TBD TBD TBD TBD (PCI 78% > 45) $1,620 fair or better Target $495,526 $495,526 NEED TOTAL UNMET State $37,000,000 $37,000,000 54% 46% (PCI 87% > 45) x x x x fair or better Actual TBD 70% VP 49% Target 51% or good satisfactory Performance Target P 13% 33% 10% 2% 64% 36% Tillamook, 2008 40% 8% F Actual 20% or good CONDITION 2001 2004 2007 2008 satisfactory Good/Satisfactory Fair/Poor 8% G 25% 15% 25% 35% 67% (Figure 1). (Figure

70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 2007 Percent of Network of Percent Lincoln, FIGURE 1 Pavement condition, Tillamook County, 2001–2008. that the most significant decline had occurred since occurred had decline significant most the that 2001 mook mook County roads was the worst in Oregon and Coast jurisdictions. The Coast paved was road jurisdictions. condition comparison indicated that the condition of Tilla- benchmarked with that of adjoining Oregon coastal Oregon adjoining of that with benchmarked The 6). (Table routes state of that with and counties VG 85% 14% 1% 39% NA 2007 TBD Clatsop, $9,597 $70,805 $219,632 $139,230 $1,152,395 VALUE 15.00 24.80 24.70 35.50 $122,689,350 $261,600,000 $123,841,735 $261,600,000 2008 Performance REPLACEMENT Tillamook, 2007 24 7 PCI = 48 PCI = 45 PCI = 75 PCI = 76 96 0– s added. added. s 457 50–69 25–49 Tillamook, 4,165 4,641 70–100 10 miles PCI Range % of Network INVENTORY 97 centerline miles 283 centerline miles Key Indicator 50–70 Performance Pavement Condition Index (PCI): • Good > 70 • Satisfactory, 25–49 • Fair, • Poor < 25 ment conditions in other Oregon and West and Oregon other in conditions ment e ASSET The Integrated Road Information System devel- The MTC methodology allows comparison with comparison allows methodology MTC The Bridges Guardrails Levees Paved Gravel Signs Delineators Posts Satisfactory Fair Poor Good Service Category Asset or STRUCTURES Paved Roads PAVEMENT STREET SIGNS agencies in managing their assets. Tillamook County Tillamook assets. their managing in agencies had partial inventories of many road assets, with the with assets, road many of inventories partial had condition of many assets—such as culverts— PCI = Pavement Condition Index. Condition Pavement = PCI 6 Benchmarking Pavement Performance for Tillamook County TABLE TABLE 5 Average Network Condition, 5 Average TABLE Tillamook County VG = very good; G = good; F = fair; P = poor; VP = very poor; TBD = to be determined; NA = not available. TABLE 4 Sample Asset Inventories, Replacement Value, Condition, and Unmet Needs: Condition, and Unmet Value, Replacement Sample Asset Inventories, 4 TABLE oped by the Association of Oregon Counties includes Counties Oregon of Association the by oped a pavement management module to assist county Tillamook County Tillamook unknown unknown or with the asset not information main- tained. In 2008, guardrail, vehicle, bridge, and the pav the pavement information wa information pavement 12 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010

2009–2018. FIGURE 3Pavementconditionscenariosandexpenditures, TillamookCounty, PCI County. Tillamook management, life-cycle surface Road 2 FIGURE Fiscal Year 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 2005 2006 2007 2008 09 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 747 47 44 0 5000 10000 15000 $2,000,000 $1,500,000 $1,000,000 $500,000 $0 48 (Sc. =scenario.) 42 48 45 46 40 49 44 38 44 48 52 Expenditures agencydocumenttoincorporate needtheto pre-a investment strategy by the type of treatment (Figure ventive maintenance focus. The data enabled the enabled data The focus. maintenance ventive pre- aexpenditures lackedpast that showedcosts 2). Analysis of the pavement managementactivitypavementthe ofAnalysis 2). TABLE 7TillamookCountyAssetInformationConfidence LevelDefinitions historical the reflect to categorized were Activities Maintenance Preventive 36 50 545 45 55 ocniec oivnoyN sesetmto No process No assessment method No inventory No confidence 1 Optimal confidence 5 o ofdnePartial Low confidence 2 Moderate confidence 3 High confidence 4 58 35 52 Confidence Level 06 060 60 60 60 54 34 47 33 56 48 58 32 50 32 57 51 Inventory complete Inventory complete Inventory complete Completeness Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Inventory Sc. 4 $37.0 million $37.0 4 Sc. Sc. 3 $30.0 million $30.0 3 Sc. Sc. 2 $23.0 million $23.0 2 Sc. Sc. 1 $7.45 million $7.45 1 Sc. Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Routine Reactive Rehabilitation Preventive Condition survey on a regular schedule Estimates used to assess condition Subjective process to estimate condition Condition surveys conducted on a regular schedule by well-trained personnel Method andFrequency Condition Assessment ventive maintenance strategy consistent with the with consistent strategy maintenance ventive documented the processes for judging pavement, judging for processes the documented data confidence levels helped build decision makers’ bridge, and sign conditions; however, sign condition highlights, trends, and issues (Table 9). vened a risk managementriskcountyvenedcommis-a of team ihlvldsrpinepessteacrc and accuracy the expresses description high-level on a schedule, and the nature of the documentation, cation of the critical asset information. federal forest receipts, in June 2008 the county con- report,providing overviewan assetofperformance The 8). and 7 (Tables class asset major each for tion nana efrac eotudtskyinforma- key updates report performance annual An Ratings Confidence rt cniec rtn. kle pronl have personnel Skilled rating. confidence erate niiaigta h ..Cnrs ol o renew not would Congress U.S. the that Anticipating Priorities Setting if any. trust and improvedandtrustunderstandingtheir appli- and The database. the inconsistently entered not was new focus on asset performance. were published in the 2009 annual performance annual 2009 the in published were lection was ad hoc or repeated by trained personnel dence ratings, for example, but reliabilitytheinformation,of whether thedatacol- to invest $37 million over 10 years (Figure 3). Nearly60—or satisfactory—which required a commitment resurfacing tivemaintenance treatments, along with traditional yearsincorporatingnextbythe4for morepreven- more—within 6 years and to maintain that condition three-fourthspercent)(71 countyofroads are pro- jected to reach a good condition—or a PCI of 70 or Three-year trends for key performance indi Bridges and pavements received optimal confi- optimalreceived pavements and Bridges Tillamo ok County established a PCI target of target PCI a established County ok activities. Objective process followed; Process not well documented accuracy of data verified and well documented Some documentation in place Well-documented process follo wed Documentation Process and signs received a mod- cators TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 13 A risk management team was assembled in 2008 to consider Tillamook transportation County’s assets, assess risks, and identify an approach to funding challenges. l as the choices the as l 2011 for a general obligation spring Tillamook County commissioners have targeted have commissioners County Tillamook

three-year improvement plan incorporated many of many incorporated plan improvement three-year work performance indicators, as wel as indicators, performance work these decisions in reallocating resources to address resources in reallocating these decisions extreme risks. extreme Citizens who attended the risk assessment workshop of level higher a supporting group a formed citizens The Case for Funding commented that they commented had no idea that the choices services, annual accomplishments, and key net- road services. road the county faces. A graphical display helps the presented presented to summarize road funding, the cost of late 2010 or bond measure for local roads. In community meet- community In roads. local for measure bond ings, information from the performance report is was developed after the workshop (Table 10). A were were so and severe After real. the these workshop, community participants to visualize road assets and assets road visualize to participants community

services. -S B P P CHRAMM UGAS ATRICIA OF COURTESY HOTO 13 bridges in poor condition in 2009, up from 7 in 2008; 2008; in 7 from up 2009, in condition poor in bridges 13 2007 inventory and condition assessment; 43% in poor poor in 43% assessment; condition and inventory 2007 99% of stop signs in good condition; nighttime visibility for for visibility nighttime condition; good in signs stop of 99% OTIA funding ends in FY 2010 FY in ends funding OTIA all signs assessed annually assessed signs all condition Comment a trained facilitator Bridges Guardrails Signs Gravel roadsGravel maintenance regular for staff Inadequate Indicator with aced in managing the assets, the managing in aced staff through 2008; condition condition 2008; through staff condition managed by trained trained by managed condition Moderate: inventory and and inventory Moderate: Optimal not entered in IRIS in entered not moderate in Years 4–10 Years in moderate oach to address the road funding road the address to oach . . appr e review of the performance informa- Participants interacted The workshop included brainstorming for a risk a for brainstorming included workshop The An important outcome was the identification of was the identification outcome An important The risk assessment identified the causes of asset Progress Pavement and years 3 first the for Optimal No trend No Signs Bridge Changes are not favorable not are Changes roads Paved funds inadequate to due condition Declining Good progress Good Asset InformationAsset Confidence sions sions about road priorities were to communicated alize the likelihood and consequenceunderstanding common a developed collaboration of risk.spe- the This network, transportation the in assets the of the community the to display options and choices on a screen, to visu- lenges facing the county. county department directors, and road department performance of each asset group, traced out the chal- managers to set priorities. Meeting over six weeks, the team used the organizational assessment and cific risks the county f county the risks cific road asset management plan to identify service pri- IRIS = Integrated Road Information System. Information Road Integrated = IRIS TABLE 8 Information Confidence for Sample TABLE Assets, Tillamook County sioners, road advisory committee members, other tion, including the relative age, condition, and future OTIA = Oregon Transportation Investment Act. Investment Transportation Oregon = OTIA TABLE 9 Performance Trends for Selected Assets, Tillamook County 9 Performance Trends TABLE and a unified a and nonmandated road services that could be rescinded. be could that services road nonmandated crisis. orities and the critical assets that would be needed. or service failure, the likelihood of failure, and the economy. Th contingency contingency response plan; a detailed action plan For example, the county had assumed responsibility assumed had county the example, For ferred this back to the private land owners. The deci- The owners. land private the to back this ferred for nonstandard local access roads but now has trans- has now but roads access local nonstandard for impact on the community,the environment, and the 14 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 Services, TillamookCounty TABLE 10RoadServiceRiskRatingforSelected Extreme= immediate action required; high = management attentionrequired; medium = management responsibilities specifiedand risk controls reviewed; low = manage by routine procedures. eetd se rSrie Risk Service or Asset Service Selected Roads rfi aeySigns—other Trafficsafety Bridges Structures Roads Roads rfi aeySigns—regulatory Trafficsafety PHOTO FROM TR CIRCULAR E-C 104 way Research Program 20-74, has developed a practical framework for practices to IHS investments. The project find- project The investments. IHS to practices Interstate HighwaySystem. ings were published in 2009 as NCHRP Report NCHRP as 2009 in published were ings 632, od ewr cnius to continues network road plig se-aaeet rnils and principles asset-management applying T ple and goods, the National Cooperative High- en. o nue ht h ISs far-reaching IHS’s the that ensure To terns. trade, economy,trade, pat- development and travel, national, regional, and local movement of peo- An effective framework for asset management can extend the service life of pavements, culverts, and other assets of the Interstate system. a profound effect in shaping the nation’s the shaping in effect profound a eItrtt iha ytm(H)hshad has (IHS) System Highway Interstate he An Asset-Management Framework for the Subprogram (stopsigns) maintained pavedroads Arterialand collector oa cesrasHigh Localaccess roads Gravelroads—county totheInterstate Highway System (NCHRP), ApplyingAsset Management upr global, support under Project Medium Extreme Rating High High High h ubro efrac esrst bu 30, about to measures performance of number the fe ann etrudrtnigo h au of value the of understanding better a gaining after ugtt drs h onysciia odneeds. road critical county’s the address to budget ftepyia sesadta dniidnes Asset needs. identified that and assets physical the of omnet h rgnTasotto Commis- Transportation Oregon the to formance per- road of summary the presented director Works ue n eibedt htcpue h urn state current the captured that data reliable and sures aigcpblte fteorganizations. the of capabilities making aaeetpoie gedo efrac mea- performance agreed-on provided management in hc eloae 9000fo h state the from $900,000 reallocated which sion, aaeetas ul ofdnei h decision- the in confidence built also management nbt ot aoiaadTlaokCounty, asset Tillamook and Carolina North both In Improvement Continuous and traffic and a tkhles ae a face stakeholders investmentstrategies growing challenge: growing for managing a vari- a managing for idn cost-effectivefinding ety of highwayetyof assets the entirethesystem. Assetmanagement employs by type, segment, cor- ridor, and region—for a set of guiding principles and best practices to allocate transportation resources. The frame- The resources. transportation allocate ec saf and staff gency nNrhCrln,DHOeain a reduced has Operations DOH Carolina, North In nDcme 09 h ilmo onyPublic County Tillamook the 2009, December In s the As H ages IHS increases, safety,operations,environmental CR rpr, ah H owner IHS each report, NCHRP ead a agtd approach, targeted a demands and leveraging agency-to-agencyleveragingand ment, and delivery of projects and manage- corridor management, n promne expectations performance and frameworkconsistent a applying Although the IHS is a portion of portion a is relationships. IHS the Although and institutions programs. the U.S. transportation network, it is extensive, with many influences on it work considers the full range of range full the considers work potential investmen Asset management of the IHS the ofmanagement Asset s operation. According to the ts,along with TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 15

PHOTO: NCHRP REPORT 632 , is , mic mic shifts, and expiring An An Asset-Management of best practices in asset Adopt the asset management policy ofCommunicate the road performance and chal- u u Weather Weather events, econo NCHRP NCHRP Report 632, ever, has changed in North Carolina and Tillamook and Carolina North in changed has ever, the short term. Long-term corporate culture, how- culture, the corporate short term. Long-term funds can focus a community’s decision making in making decision funds can focus a community’s as County, each agency has defined performance. Ongoing communication about service choices, pol- choices, service about communication Ongoing County Board of Commissioners (July 2009); and lenges to the so community, that the desired level of road services and performance can be identified and icy, and linking performance reporting to organiza- reporting performance and linking icy, will accountability and responsibilities, roles, tional funded (2010 and 2011). sustain these changes. changes. these sustain http://books.trbbookstore.org/. available from the TRB online bookstore at ing advantage Framework for the Interstate Highway System Highway Interstate the for Framework implementation, the focus area, previous approaches, and the internal and external stake- external and internal the and approaches, holders involved in the implementation. By tak- By implementation. the in involved holders IHS, IHS, taking into account the basic motives for keep the national highway system running. system highway national the keep ture, minimize costly system disruptions, and combat combat the of effects infrastruc- deteriorating management management and risk management, highway system system owners and can operators and identify I-95 and predicted performance measures. measures. performance predicted and I-95 Interstate management system, showing a diagram of an interchange on A screen from South Carolina Department of Transportation’s interactive Transportation’s of Department Carolina South from A screen ts Develop a risk management plan (July 2008); Publish annual performance reports with a 3- A set of measures for discussing IHS per- Guidance for handling IHS assets—partic- Incorporating system fail- The report also provides guidance on imple- on guidance provides also report The The The NCHRP report sugges u u u u u In Tillamook County,information from the 2008 analysis. menting an asset management approach for the for approach management asset an menting provides provides directions for data collecting and Chapter Chapter 4 data details available and tools and as detailed in Chapter 5. Chapter in detailed as ongoing allocation of resources of allocation ongoing would support the agency’s ularly assets other than pavements and bridges. and pavements than other assets ularly shared among the agencies Once developed, this plan industry partners—regional industry and partners—regional nationwide— pavement management system and are integral to managing the network. the managing plan for future investments. provide information to be from the maintenance management system and the Interstate asset management plan that summarizes asset con- asset summarizes that plan sures and targets support what-if analyses with data formance formance with an agency, system users, and for for its IHS network and would ditions; establishes perfor- agement plan focus on: focus plan agement year work plan in including improvements data qual- should periodically develop an mance measures, considering a describes and funds; available steps were taken to that an Interstate asset man- the 5-year work program. Performance measures measuring the right things. The performance mea- tion. road asset plan created a sense of urgency. Further North Carolina DOT into a results-based organiza- asset management asset framework. management ure ure risk assessment into the have been instrumental in the transformation of ity, tools, and performance reporting (2008, 2009); Chapter 3 presents a recommended approach to approach recommended a presents 3 Chapter risk management. risk MANAGEMENT 16 AT WORK

TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 ASSET the public. department staff andfor progress—both for DOT’s performance snapshot ofMissouri Tracker providesa Representative.State City.TRB as serves She Transportation,Jefferson Directoris of author The Missouri Department of Department Missouri OrganizationalResults, A short- and long-term performance h ast aaeet tnad o maximizing of standards management asset the cheaper!” a ocre, ih efrac management performance with occurred, has recent years. Accountability has become the norm for sense, results-driven approach aligns closely with closely aligns approachresults-driven sense, performance measures, is a primary indicator of Mis- isui O’ btl cy f Bte, atr and faster, “Better, of cry battle DOT’s Missouri h dprmn’ dt-rvn n results- and data-driven department’s the managers and front-line workers. incorporating asset management practices as part of employees have come to understand and embrace DOT in Missouri that term accountability—another u te raiain A rfud utr change culture profound A organization. the out management, and the answer invariably will include Trackerspells out the department’s mission, values, has extensivehasensureinternal toaccountability.use focused approach. focused of asset management. Missouri DOT’s common- DOT’s Missouri management. asset of perfor prominently displayed on the agency’sprominentlythe displayedonbutwebsite mentsinpavement andother assets byimplement- and improving customer satisfaction. 1 improve- significant achieved has DOT Missouri Tracker Results L L E B P M A C . K A R A M Transportation DepartmentMissouri of the at Results Proven and Change Culture ManagementDriving Asset agementasoften asmost state DOTs do,but under or DTs progress. DOT’s souri ing a performanceaing management approach through - tion to improve in all areas defined by the principles performancethemanagementumbrella sys-ofthe tem, the agencycontinuallythetem, addresses expecta- the Through Performance www.modot.mo.gov/about/general_info/Tracker.htm. Missouri DOTMissouri Tracker,quarterlya publication departmentalof Assetmanagement isintegral toMissouri DOT’s m ne aaeet ytm Te e is key The system. management ance be a blank stare. Ask about performance management, and the first response may otto DT mlyeaotasset about employee (DOT) portation kaMsor eateto Trans- of Department Missouri a sk doesn’t use the term asset man- asset term the doesn’tuse 1 h ulcdcmn is document public The , minimizing cost,

PHOTO: MISSOURI DOT emphasizes accountability andresults. Missouri DepartmentofTransportation (DOT) The performancemanagement system ofthe TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 17 Customers surveyed in road Missouri DOT’s rallies placed highest importance on traffic signs and markings, flow, and roadway condition. The Jefferson City Bridge The Jefferson River is over the Missouri 53 state’s one of the crossings. major river unding. The unding. replace- The The performance management system did not Missouri DOT needed a clear, overarching vision overarching clear, a needed DOT Missouri dership would have to champion the change,

DOT scrapped its 15-year plan because of the diffi- of the because plan 15-year its scrapped DOT

culty in projecting costs and f culty in projecting reporting and were not widely used in planning or and not used in were widely planning reporting management system on mostly relied management after-the-fact work for and maintenance condition of pavement decision making. decision and other asset conditions. Eventually, Missouri it should take. should it series of road rallies to determine what was impor- what to determine rallies of road series Road Rallies The changes started slowly in early 2000, with a ment 5-year plan focused on high-priority projects. high-priority on focused plan 5-year ment performance. Attempts performance. to establish a performance unful- its and plan 15-year the of in abandonment trust The Missourians’ eroded however, promises, filled shaping this new way of doing business and the form the and business doing of way new this shaping

the department and brought intense scrutiny by elected officials and the media. the and officials elected and strategies to balance expansion with asset man- asset with expansion balance to strategies and lea agement—a new way agement—a of Executive doing business. : M : P DOT : M : P DOT HOTO ISSOURI ISSOURI HOTO n Tracker easurements in easurements 49 49 bridges and T’s asset manage- asset T’s work-level Trackers e s linked to costs or Th ive because it is part of an t not grow The comparably. new con- did Each division and district also has its own Tracker own its has also district and division Each The performance results documented i Through Tracker, Missouri DOT has established has DOT Missouri Tracker, Through During During the the mid-1980s, focused department Missouri’s state Missouri’s highway system is the seventh with metrics specifically related to its functional area; functional its to related specifically metrics with less, operating with one of the lowest state gas taxes gas state lowest the of one with operating less, have played an important role in the culture change culture the in role important an played have in the nation; moreover, the federal revenue received revenue federal the moreover, nation; the in these in turn affect the results and m and results the affect turn in these of other DOTs and organizations, and present the that has accepted the performance management innovations, project impact, delivery,environmental actions taken to continue improvements. compare and benchmark their with performance that measures directly linked to tangible results are access to modal choices, wise use of funding, and economic development. culverts culverts also rank seventh in the nation; with 53 torically, Missouri torically, DOT has had to do more with the department Tracker. ment system is effec mance management. Missouri DO Missouri management. mance model at all levels. all at model Change of Focus The focus on performance and results is recent. His- and priorities and is built on 18 tangible results that Tracker closely links asset management and perfor- and management asset links closely Tracker Missourians expect. More than 100 performance roadway visibility, customer service and response, are the focus of mandatory quarterly review meet- major river bridges, Missouri has more major river major has more Missouri bridges, river major performance to executive leaders and their peers, fic flow, pavement and bridge conditions, safety, per mile of the state highway system annually falls per mile annually of system the highway state tracked to gauge performance in such areas as traf- ings. All managers and departments explain their organizationwide performance management system. management performance cheaper” and organizationwide faster, “better, of mantra the is it Behind crossings than any other state. other any than crossings low ranking in revenue per mile is partly the result the is partly mile per in revenue ranking low of the large number of farm-to-market roads incor- roads of farm-to-market number of large the among the lowest 15 percent among the states. The states. the among percent 15 lowest the among a set of clearly defined, expected results and perfor- and results expected defined, clearly of set a that guides efforts to improve performance. improve to efforts guides that on customer satisfaction and new construction. The construction. new and satisfaction customer on porated into the state system during the 1950s. 1950s. the during system state the into porated mance for the condition of the highway system. system underwent significant expansion, but the largest in the United States, with approximately budgets for asset management and pavement main- pavement and management asset for budgets struction was not alway tenance 33,000 33,000 miles. Missouri 10,2 DOT’s 18 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 area. whether aruralorurban transportation system— its useofthe on anarea’s sizeandon allocated resourcesbased distribution plan Missouri DOT’s fund by roadrallyparticipants. ranked asmajorpriorities litter pickupwerenot mowingand roadside Contrary toexpectations, road conditions a ferent roads and bridges and were asked to grade to asked were and bridges and roadsferent economic development agencies; and Missouri DOT employees. ning organizations, chambers of commerce, and commerce, of chambers organizations, ning lane and shoulder width, striping, signage, and other department could assess the system using the cus- theusingsystemdepartment theassess could tomer scores and could compare what customers what compare could and scores tomer plan- metropolitan and regional from resentatives att utmr n htterepcain were expectations their what and customers to tant o odadbig odtos Participants included conditions. bridge and road for admyslce iies oa ii fiil;rep- officials; civic local citizens; selected randomly od acrig o niern sadrs The standards. engineering to according roads Missouri DOT to meas criteria. Missouri DOT staff previously had rated the found acceptable with the results from the engineer- develop performance measures. What Missouri DOT standards.ing Thesescores provided baseline a for assumed was important to its customers differed customers its to important was assumed from what the road rally feedback indicated were indicatedfeedback rally road the what from roadway, the marking of intersections, traffic flowintersections,trafficof roadway, marking the customer priorities—the physical condition of the priorities—thecustomerofcondition physical Rallyriders were driven around the state ondif- The results from the road rallies were used to used were rallies road the from results The ccording to pavement smoothness,

ure success.

DOT M : P DOT M : P ISSOURI HOTO ISSOURI HOTO an the statewide system—the condition of roads and roads of conditionsystem—thestatewide the articulate a vision for success, to motivate people,motivateto success, for vision articulatea capacity expansions of the 1980s had taken a toll on rnpraindlashdchanged had dollars transportation bridges reflected the past emphasis on expansion. on emphasispast thereflected bridges performance management guided Missouri DOT’sMissouri guided managementperformance ai aiiy o aae lre raiain to organization, large a manage to ability matic ment from 1995 to 2002, Rahn brought a charis- a brought Rahn 2002, to 1995 from ment and adding new capacity. The direction set by the capacity.by directionnewset adding The and done.” Rahn’s purposely simple yet effective take on Mexico State Highway and TransportationandHighway StateMexico Depart- Taking better care of the system—also known as known system—also the of care better Taking betweenancemaintaining already-built the system making improvements. dis- the example, For resources. allocated it how and and debris would outrank these. ewe h ra n ua ra ftestate. the of areas rural and urban the between oeta eae ehd o loaiglimited allocating for Methods decade. a than more stabilize the condition of the system and to begin to and system the ofcondition thestabilize andtrimming ofroadsides and the clearing oflitter appointed director. Cabinet Secretary for the New the director.appointedforSecretary Cabinet 2004, September In lacking. were level executive infcn hne nhwMsor O operated DOT Missouri how in changes significant Previous methods had similar set-asides, but the but set-asides, similar had methods Previous conditions. The change allowed the departmentconditions.allowedchangetheto The fixedaamount fundstakeof tocare system.the of Missouri DOT staff had expected that the mowingtheexpectedthat hadstaff Missouri DOT Missouri DOT found its champion—Pete Rahn was rjc ln n ihtepltc fdvdn funds dividing of politics the with and plans project rbto ffnshdbe h ujc fdbt for debate of subject the been had funds of tribution other to led customers to listening of idea novel The Funds Distributing asset management—was over ale tepst mlmn efrac man- performance implement to attempts Earlier Champion Timely formancemanagement—Missourifound had DOT method of distributing transportation funds to reflect the right leader at the right time. Transportation Commission adopted an objective an adopted TransportationCommission ed eas cmimn ad upr a support and commitment because ceed amounts were not enough to stop the decline in road agement principles at Missouri DOT did not suc- not did DOT Missouri at principlesagement discussions of geography and allowed for allocations the size and use of the system, as well as where peo- ple live and work. The new method went beyond the based on obje ways, and bridge width and smoothness. In contra andcongestion, the ease of getting on and off road- d to stay focused. Rahn was an advocate of per- advocateof an wasfocused.Rahn stay to d nJnay20,teMsor ihasand Highways Missouri the 2003, January In Thefund distribution method also sought abal- The2003 funding distribution formula set aside n dg asserts, adage An ctive, transportation-related needs.

Wa gt maue gets measured gets “What due. ihlong-term with t the st, TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 19 Former Missouri Director Transportation Pete Rahn celebrates the completion of the Smooth Roads Initiative in 2007. Better Missouri DOT’s Roads, Brighter Future initiative led to an increase in the percentage of major roads in good condition—from 47 percent in 2004 to 86 percent in 2009. s uture (BRBF) initiative began in 2006. The 2006. in began initiative (BRBF) uture 006, Missouri DOT completed the Smooth Roads Smooth the completed DOT Missouri 006, continue the progress under the SRI to keep the keep to SRI the under progress the continue

Brighter F Brighter

after the completion of the SRI indicated that 79 per- 79 that indicated SRI the of completion the after roadway system in good condition, the Better Roads, Better the condition, good in system roadway Better Roads, Brighter Future To busiest busiest highways. A survey of Missouri motorists improvements. cent believed the improvements were a good invest- good a were improvements the believed cent Smooth Roads Initiative 2 In Initiative (SRI) 1 (SRI) of year set ahead by the Initiative schedule goal of the BRBF was to have 85 percent of Missouri’s of percent 85 have to was BRBF the of goal ment ment of taxpayer dollars, and 80 percent thought that Missouri DOT should continue with similar Governor Governor Matt Blunt. The SRI smoother delivered safety improvements to 2,200 miles of the state’ pavement, brighter striping, rumble strips, and other and strips, rumble striping, brighter pavement, major roads in good condition by the end of in 2011. condition good roads major

Each of the department’s districts developed a plan developed districts of Each the department’s to improve to major improve routes by the 2011 By deadline. December December 2009, the of percentage major roads in DOT M : P : M : P DOT ISSOURI HOTO ISSOURI HOTO in favor in the data to sup- —Tangible results are Mis- —Rahn and his team jointly —Instead of top-down, imposed nting nting Missouri DOT’s performance a nationally recognized performance me ormance measures—whether from cus- rf Holding staff accountable—Staff who consis- Demanding results Driving innovation Empowering u u u u Early on, Rahn asserted that a good performance In In imple When managers responded that advises, “Encourage risk and accept failure, because failure, accept and risk “Encourage advises, the results to develop their own measures. own their develop to results the ineffective and inappropriate ones discarded discarded ones inappropriate and ineffective profit. There is no alternative—results must be sures, because the measures would evolve, with the with evolve, would measures the because sures, managers managers to avoid over mea- frustration imperfect port pe souri DOT’s bottom line—or in line—or bottom its terms, business souri DOT’s developed a new set of value statements. One of them of One statements. value of set new a developed of better ones. ones. better of tently failed to produce results and who performed who and results to produce failed tently fastest way to improve your data and measures is to reliable, Rahn reassured them that the data would Missouri DOT is delivering results-driven programs Sample Results management model. management Rahn demanded results and accountability from Implementation Tactics successful progress during his 5 years as director. improve with use. “We have to start somewhere; the management process would allow Missouri DOT to we believe in getting better.” better.” getting in believe we management system, Rahn applied four tactics: four applied Rahn system, management start using them,” he observed. He exhorted the and projects on time and on budget—often ahead of ahead budget—often on and time on projects and achieved. lighted below. lighted maximize its resources and earn trustability and from the account- public, legislators, and the media. “It measures, he allowed middle managers who produce who managers middle allowed he measures, tomer feedback or asset management—were not poorly were seen as tarnishing the trust that others that trust the as tarnishing seen were poorly employees and contractors. A cheerleader for inno- for A cheerleader contractors. and employees deadline and below budget. A few examples are high- are examples few A budget. below and deadline were building with customers. with building were success and vation, he encouraged and endorsed new approaches new endorsed and encouraged he vation, will allow us to show a logical, systematic approach to managing money,and taxpayers’ most importantly, such as practical design and design–build contracts, design–build and design practical as such it will show them the tangible results provided by their investment in us,” he noted. intuitive methods intuitive for his challenging team to per- but tempered with a responsibility for outcomes. His outcomes. for responsibility a with tempered but form beyond expectations created an environment of environment an created expectations beyond form 20 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 t $40 has savedMissouriDOT $37 million.Themethod savings ofmorethan project producedacost I-64–I-70 interchange design inMissouriDOT’s The useofpractical o 2009. 0 millionfrom2005 drive the Cadillac when the Chevy wil result in a great systemgreat a in result trdb outpromnemngmn process, performance management robust a by bol-stered initiatives, management asset two These 2009. premise is that building a series of good projects will cient solutions for project needs. Practical design Practical needs. project for solutions cient places a premium on systemwide improvements; its updfo 8preti 04t 6pretin percent 86 to 2004 in percent 58 from jumped turn allow other projects to be built and more of the use nontraditionaldevelopeffi-use methodstodesign aepoue eut hthv epdt rebu to helped have that results produced have system to be improved. In layman’s terms, “Why terms, layman’s In improved. be to system being spent on overdesignedonspentsavingsinbeing items.The isuio ao ihasi odcniinhas condition good in highways major on Missouri in traveled miles vehicle of percentage The schedule. tical design, which challengesprojectwhichengineersdesign,to tical od eei odcondition. good in were roads corners, but the approach adheres to two funda- two to adheres approach the but corners, projectaneed ofthatfundssoare saved instead of rect solution—or the “right sizing”—for its sur- its sizing”—for “right the solution—or rect nraefo 04 hnol 7preto major of percent 47 only when 2004, from increase odcniinrs o8 ecn,aconsiderable a percent, 86 to rose condition good In Practical Design thevalueproject aof ensuringby thattheisitcor- ulcstuti isuiDOT. Missouri in trust public’s mental ground rules: you’re going?” roundings. 2 h rgnlga a upse er ha of ahead years 2 surpassed was goal original The Some had criticized practical design for cuttingcriticizedpracticalforhaddesign Some Practical design works to achieve the purpose and 004,the department began implementing prac- . The approach maximizesapproachThe l get you where

l the ild

DOT M : P ISSOURI HOTO tion projects.tion Thesavings were invested inadditional transporta- cent from 2003. In 2009,InstituteETCIn complete 2009 Report Card 2009 Report Statewide Transportation Improvement Program. Improvement Transportation Statewide increase from 2008 and a dramatic increase of 17 per- mately $20 million. on bsns. efrac mngmn ties management Performance business. doing bidding of pavements has saved the state approxi-state the savedpavements has ofbidding reached an all-time high of 85 percent, a 7 percentpercent,reached85all-time7 ofanhigha skepticism, rebellion, predictions of failure—in addi- o te rjcs n isui O’ 2005–2009 DOT’s Missouri in projects the for no longer considered extra work, but the way of way the but work, extra considered longer no between 9 and 10 percent. Since late 2003, alternate to determine which type of pavement they could they pavement of type which determine to percent incr percent percent, up 6 percent from 2008. in percent 5 with comparedpercent, 24 is isfied” tion to the perceived impact on employees. In the 5 responses— many elicits change Business Organizational Doing of Way A prehensive, statewide customer satisfaction survey to believers.Atall levels, performance management is become have doubters the journey, management porated practical design into all projects from the fromprojects all into designpractical porated souristate’stheasDOT transportation expert91 is deliver for the best pricebestdeliverwhilemeetingtheperfor-forthe years since Missouri since years mance requirements, Missouri DOT has gained a 25 important to Missourians. Results were as follows: the tra evaluate Missouri DOT’s performance and to identify 2003. keep its commitments. on construction projects. Traditionally, Missouri Traditionally, projects. construction on tractorscanpropose asphalt concreteor biddingin Wo BidPavingProjects Alternate way of doing business. Missouri DOT introducedalternatebidding—con-DOTMissouri conceptual stages; it has become part of the agency’s DOT had specifi Practical design produced savings of $400 million u u u u u u rking with the asphalt and concreteindustries,andasphalt the withrking olbrt ntesolution. the on Collaborate and safety, compromise not Do ihynn ecn rs isuiDTto DOT Missouri trust percent Eighty-nine Mis- view who customers of percentage The sat- “very are who customers percentage of The DOT Missouri with satisfaction Customer n sportation services and improvements most ease Since then, Missouri DOT has incor-Sincethen,MissourihasDOT ed the materials. By allowing bidders in bidders and a cost savings of savings cost a and bidders in DOT began its performance its began d an annual,ancom- d TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 21 that sit sit the partment A Missouri DOT vehicle A Missouri a rural travels along road. The de has decreased its fleet has decreased size significantly in the past 2 years. ) captures best management prac- management best captures ) a organizationwide and are not managed and components as well as the benefits and costs, based costs, and benefits the as well as components MARCI A. GREENBERGER Programs for Airports for Programs available ) assists in incorporating the programs into airports of all sizes. all of airports into programs the incorporating in assists ) Developing Asset Management Management Asset Developing b s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) is addressing this addressing is (ACRP) Program Research Cooperative Airport s ’ or computer maintenance management systems. These systems A primer for executive-level decision makers at airports of all sizes, A guidebook on developing and implementing an asset and infra- ike other transportation organizations, airports have limited resources. Airport managers therefore are looking for efficient and efficient for looking are therefore managers Airport resources. The research project is under way through GHD Consulting, Inc., with Inc., Consulting, GHD through way under is project research The u u TRB completion scheduled for scheduled winter completion 2012. For vi more information, tices and ( and tices ment for Airports. The objective is to develop to is objective The Airports. for ment structure management program that ( that program management structure cial and strategic decisions. Further research is needed to provide air- ports with an approach to asset and infrastructure management Program, TRB. Program, research need through Project 01-16, Asset and Infrastructure Manage- Infrastructure and Asset 01-16, Project through need research ACRP website, www.trb.org/acrp. www.trb.org/acrp. website, ACRP The author is Senior Program Officer, Airport Cooperative Research usually are not includes physical, financial, and human resources information. includes physical, financial, and human maintained for such uses. Centralizing the data for all assets, however, assets, all for data the Centralizing uses. such for maintained can enhance the ability of airport management to make effective finan- effective make to management airport of ability the enhance can effective ways to manage airport assets and infrastructure. Some airports already gather and analyze data on available assets, using tech- using assets, available on data analyze and gather already airports on experience; and experience; on to provide an overview of an asset and infrastructure management pro- management infrastructure and asset an of overview an provide to gram, presenting the the presenting gram, nologies developed for specific purposes, such as pavement manage- ment L

encompasses all encompasses aspects of maintaining, operating, and and expanding the assets, transportation with the

flexibility to adapt to customer needs and an uncer- an and needs customer to adapt to flexibility who vehemently opposed performance management performance opposed vehemently who tain funding environment. DOT Those at Missouri environment. tain funding to fight to save it. save to fight to 5 years ago would now be the first to defend it—and defend to first the be now would ago years 5 : M : P DOT ISSOURI HOTO formance management system that issourians for every dollar spent. A mind- Best practices have been identified and imple- Process improvements, a streamlined bidding The of percentage vendor invoices paid on time From 2008 to decreased 2009, fuel consumption eil fleetVehicle size decreased by almost 100 units For projects completed in the 5-year period As the steward of the state’s transportation assets, u u u u u u Performance management and asset management The continued success of the agency depends on depends agency the of success continued The tional performance management system is an effec- an is system management performance tional tive management tool at Missouri DOT. The success The DOT. Missouri at tool management tive ple: by 6.8 percent, conserving approximately 600,000 gal- 600,000 approximately conserving percent, 6.8 by fuel. of lons Missouri DOT is responsible for providing the best of the business model is well documented through is model of well documented the business and has created a momentum forbetter, producing faster, and results cheaper. Asset management incorporated into an organiza- Effective Tool Savings and Investments The goal is to save money to invest in roads, for exam- together programs and projects across the agency value to M mented for mowing, to save time and reduce the need the reduce and time save to mowing, for mented from 2005 to 2009, final costs of $6.321 billion were billion $6.321 of costs final 2009, to 2005 from or costs, $64.8 of programmed 1.02 percent within performance management system for highways. in 2009 and has decreased by more than 250 units in units 250 than more by decreased has and 2009 in significantly improved performance. performance. improved significantly million less than the programmed cost of $6.385 bil- $6.385 of cost programmed the than less million ments. At Missouri DOT, asset management is the work together at Missouri DOT; asset managers set of continuous improvement to achieve expected in 2009 was 96 percent compared with 82 percent in percent 82 with compared percent 96 was 2009 in lion. process, and innovative contracts have lowered proj- lowered have contracts innovative and process, 2006, gaining on-time discounts and better bids from bids better and discounts on-time gaining 2006, for expensive equipment. expensive for line employees have contributed to the development results permeates the department as managers iden- vendors. ect costs with more bids per job and with contractors with and job per bids more with costs ect tify new ways to gain cost and time savings. Front- the past 2 years. 2 past the receive the support they need to make improve- a sound per offering innovative ideas and construction techniques. construction and ideas innovative offering ness services, reduced levels of fleet and equipment, and fleet of levels reduced services, ness and in some instances, have reduced human of process in improvements and administration busi- resources. resources. MANAGEMENT 22 AT WORK

TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 ASSET approach. an assetmanagement realized thebenefitsof local communitieshave by statewideinitiatives, in Michigan.Encouraged County RoadCommission undertaken bytheKent A chipsealoperation Deputy is author The Director,County Kent Grand Rapids, Michigan. Rapids, Grand Commission, Road L the past practice o inparticular. These agencies are turning away from ing their transportation networks—their paved roads resources, increased reliance on a broader mix of mix broader a on reliance increasedresources, local agencies are embracing a better way of manag- etd n icue effic include and mented N E R R A W E V E T S Wisconsin and Michigan in ResultsInitiatives, and Models, CommunitiesLocal Adopting adopting instead a strategy of “preserve first.” fixes, and a system condition that improves over improves that condition system a and fixes, asset management as an inclusivemanagementprocess,assetan asinviting munitiesthatbenefit beyond mostthegotech-the time.Thesearesignificant outcomes,com- thebut their constituents to participate. nical aspects of pavement ma pavement of aspects nical tions. foundedprinciplestheon asset management.of In Michigan and Wisconsin, for example, statewide ini- asset management approach to paved road condi- road paved to approachmanagement asset munity stakeholders in a decision-makingprocessa stakeholders inmunity tiativeshaveencouraged local agencies adoptto an Asset Management The benefits of asset management are well docu- These agencies are involving a variety of com- of variety a involving are agencies These

infrastructure systems. Large and small and Large systems. infrastructure nesadtebnfto aiga asset their maintain to an approachmanagement taking of benefit the understand clcmuiisaesatn ogti,to it, get to starting are communities ocal f addressing the “worst first,” and i n ue f financial of use ent

nagement and apply and nagement

W S P ARREN TEVE OF COURTESY HOTO agement programs in Michigan and Wisconsin. therefore, is a major focus of the statewide asset man- untreated.Education trainingandlocalofficials, of oneitiie f h wrt od ae going are roads worst the if counterintuitive improving roads in apparently good condition is condition good apparently in roads improving and the public to embrace the practice. For many,practice.For theembrace to public the and pavementpreservatio preservation strategies. principles and of the long-term benefits of pavement gaining greater understanding of asset management WisconsinareandMichigan portationinagencies Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin—de Melo e Silva et electedand appointed officials, major stakeholders, to need People approach. better a demand times The Change Guiding management systems. FIGURE 1Localagenciesusingpavement ment systems (PMS) at the local agency level in the fits before they are willing to change. Local trans-Localchange. to willingare theybefore fits agement initiatives had a significantly higher per- highersignificantly a hadinitiatives agement al.found thatstates withstatewide pavement man- Midwest—theIllinois,Indiana,ofstatesMichigan, understand a concept and be convinced of its bene- the 189 agencies responding from Michigan and Wis- centage of localcentageagencies(FigureofusingPMS Of 1). In a survey about the usesurveyaboutthea In Convincingbenefitsof technicaltheaboutstaff No. of Agencies Surveyed 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 80 0 States with States initiative agencies) use PMS use PMS 81% (153 n isdifferentn from persuading of pavementofmanage- States with States agencies) use PMS use initiative no PMS no 31% (63 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 23

PHOTO COURTESY OF STEVE WARREN Michigan’s Asset Transportation Management Council brings together (TAMC) representatives from all levels of government— and local state, county, jurisdictions. . The ured each year each ured A daylong ses- which detailed contains Asset Management Guide for Guide Management Asset of the council’s education and education council’s the of ate for elected officials. elected for ate Annual Asset Management Conference Asset Management Workshop. Providing education and training on the bene- u u u According to the council, successful implemen- to successful the council, According major elements include the following: the include elements major training program is the the is program training Local Agencies in Michigan, Michigan, in Agencies Local descriptions of condition assessment, pavement Although targeted to technical staff, the to is staff, training technical targeted Although also appropri also sion covers the principles of asset management and management asset of principles the covers sion mentation. The training provides step-by-step Elements of Training The council sponsors education and training ses- Transportation Asset Management Conference was Conference Asset Management Transportation their rationale and presents tools for agency imple- agency for tools presents and rationale their are presentations from local agencies about their suc- their about agencies local from presentations are launched in 2006, and two annual conferences were conferences annual two and 2006, in launched Michigan’s in each one 2009, and 2008 in conducted sions annually, coordinated through sions the annually, Michigan fits of developing road improvement programs preservation techniques, and trade-off analysis to Local Technical Assistance Program The (LTAP). through the use of asset management principles and principles management asset of use the through instructions instructions for starting up within a local agency. procedures. Upper and Lower Peninsulas. The full-day programs full-day The Peninsulas. Lower and Upper focus- activities, council’s the about attendees inform tation of a statewide asset management strategy develop develop a multiyear improvement program, along TAMC. on information background with assessment of roads and bridges. Feat bridges. and roads of assessment depends depends on the extent of its adoption at the local ing on the results of the annual statewide condition statewide annual the of results the on ing level. Education and training therefore are essential are therefore training and Education level. of One the councils. and on boards serving makers fundamental elements elements fundamental for for agency staff and for the decision nontechnical , other major governmental equested ). Statewide initiatives therefore have a 1 110,000 miles, or 92 percent of the pub- the of percent 92 or miles, 110,000 Assessing completed and planned investments, Supporting the development of asset manage- Surveying and reporting the condition of roads u u u To implement asset management statewide, the asset implement statewide, management To ouncil and r

asset management by focusing on four strategic ini- strategic four on focusing by management asset

Strategic Initiatives Since 2004, TAMC has expanded the practice of A driver and passenger log data in a Pavement In 2004, the Michigan Legislature created the Trans- Statewide Coordination consin—both of which have statewide pavement the Township the Association, and Township the Association of Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER) survey. Road survey. Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER) portation Asset Management Council (TAMC) to surveying is one of TAMC’s four strategic initiatives. surveying is one of TAMC’s with no such initiatives, only 31 percent claimed to advise the State Transportation Commission on a management initiatives—81 percent claimed to use ment tools and procedures, and procedures, and tools ment a PMS for their systems. Of the 204 agencies in states use a PMS ( and bridges, and tiatives (2): positive effect on efforts pavement at preservation the lic road system. system. road lic local level. legislature wanted all three levels represented on the on represented levels three all wanted legislature stakeholders to participate. TAMC consists of repre- of consists TAMC participate. to stakeholders c implement asset management statewide and to Counties. Counties. strategy.The legislature recognized that road owner- sentatives sentatives from the County Road Association, the Municipal League, Michigan DOT, the Association of Association the DOT, Michigan League, Municipal ship in the state was large and diverse, involving Regions, Regions, the Planners Association Transportation three levels of government: state, county,and city or village. The Michigan Department of Transportation of Department Michigan The village. (DOT) is the largest road agency within TAMC, with TAMC, within agency road largest the is (DOT) villages collectively have jurisdiction over the

9,700 9,700 miles to maintain; 617 counties, cities, and remaining

P T , M , N M LTAP OOCUTS OF COURTESY HOTO ERRY ICHIGAN INCH C 24 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010

PHOTO: MICHIGAN LTAP TAMC. ratings anddatato and submitpavement road agenciestorecord other PASER toolsallow Laptop datacollectorand Kalamazoo. such asthisonein sessions forlocalofficials, management training transportation asset TAMC, hosts Program, sponsoredby Technical Assistance The MichiganLocal duction of council sponsors a half-day training course, Intro-course,traininghalf-day a sponsors council in asset management is a priority for TAMC.The for priority a is managementasset in achievedthroughinve cials. uation and Rating (PASER), developed in Wisconsin, statewidein Michigan. The Pavement Surface Eval- manyother road agencies usetheirinit as assess to scale good) to (poor 10 to 1 a employs management. of road construction, the causes of deterioration, of causes the construction, road of about the principles of asset management, the basics mhszs h ln-em eeis ht a be can that benefits long-term the emphasizes portation programs and investments. Attendees learn viduals in implementing the core principles of asset recognizeoutstanding achievement to by organizations program and awards indi- an introduced TAMC community decision makers responsible for trans-responsiblemakersdecisioncommunityfor seta i ipeetn ast management asset implementing in essential esi mlmnigastmngmn.I 2009, In management. asset implementing in cess vation. o vlae aeet odtos ttwd, and statewide, conditions pavement evaluate to agementprograms.PASERThe trainingthecovers condition rating, and the process of developing a developing of process the and rating, condition pavementsurface deterioration. TAMC uses PASER utya ipoeet rga. h session The program. improvement multiyear u u Involving local elected and appointed officials AE TrainingPASER Offi- Local for Management Asset Introduction of Asset Management for Local Officials, for aeetcniinrtn is rating condition Pavement . stments in pavementpreser-stmentsin

setman-

LTAP M , N M T P ICHIGAN INCH C ERRY OF COURTESY HOTO to serve as a fo a as serve to to provide advice on local transportation issues and analysis with ROADSOFT ( lishedLocaltheRoads andStreets Council (LRSC) public road network ( sn i. AC odcs t saeie strategic statewide its conducts TAMC it. using agencies at no cost, and more than 250 agencies are approximately 90 percent of the state’s 114,000-mile 2,000counties, cities, villages, townsandmaintain tion Information Center—the state’s LTAP—pro management at the local level. Based at the University rga i aalbe o ihgn transportation Michigan to available is program are under the jurisdictiontheunderagencies.localare ofNearly and improvement programs. ings to TAMC and provides consistent direction to all local road inventory and condition d condition and inventory road local pavement preservation at the local governmentand management asset level. implementationof the age of Wisconsin–Madison,ofWisconsin Transporta-the As in Michigan, most of the road miles in Wisconsin in developingin cost-effective pavement maintenance assists local agencies in evaluating system needs and data to develop pavement deterioration curves. The process of recordingprocesssubmittingof andcondition rat- workshops on road condition rating using the PASER edu- Transportation on rely Wisconsin also officials in Workshops Wisconsin Wisconsintheoped Information SystemsLocalfor encour- to initiative statewide a has also Wisconsin Forum Agencies Local Roads (WISLR) to receive, store, and disseminate and store,receive, to (WISLR) Roads cationtrainingandadvance topractice the asset of issues.LRSC includes representatives from the four local agency transportation groups: the Counties the groups: transportation agency local skills to assess pavement conditions on their non- theirconditionspavement onassess to skills federal-aid roads. tions under various improvement and investment and improvementvarious under tions agement program that helps agencies predict system condi-agenciespredictsystemhelpsprogramthat Association, and the Alliance of Cities. Association, the League of Municipalities, the Towns ing in the use of ROADSOFT™,computer-basedofuse thea in ing agencies in the use of the methodology for their fed- scenarios. This capability is critical to the asset man- eral-aid routes. This facilitates the assembly and assembly the facilitates This routes. eral-aid sponsored by TAMC, Michigan LTAP conducts train- system for the State Transportation Commission and the legislature. Local agency parti agency Locallegislature. the analysis of information on the condition of the entire In 1994,In theSecretary Wisconsinof DOTestab- In addition to the education and training sessions Wisconsin DOT and LRSC cooperativelyLRSCWisconsinand devel- DOT p rocess. ROADS rocess. rum for local agencies to discuss to agencies local for rum 3 ). OFT applies the applies OFT 2 ). cipants gain the gain cipants ata. WISLR ata. P ASER vides TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 25

PHOTO COURTESY OF TERRY MCNINCH, MICHIGAN LTAP ROADSOFT analyzes road data, collected with to predict system PASER, conditions under various scenarios. at the level of funding. funding. of level the kes kes sense,” notes RCRC s s necessary for success. The of the Roscommon County Road

ervation in its area. Today, Gutowski Today, in its area. ervation RCRC organized a local Asset Management Advi- Management Asset local a organized RCRC “Asset management helped the community system and could influence influence could and system to stakeholder groups around the county. These peo- These county. the around groups stakeholder to ized that to be successful, they needed to reach out reach to needed they successful, be to that ized Commission Commission (RCRC) in North Central Michigan, ple have a vested interest in the condition of the road the of condition the in interest vested a have ple for example, recognized the need to emphasize sys- emphasize to need the recognized example, for involved.” involved.” consensus on several pavement condition goals and goals condition pavement several on consensus broader broader community i staff and board temwide pavement preservation—but they also real- also they preservation—but pavement temwide developed a plan to achieve those goals for the Chairperson Chairperson Kimberly Akin. “It really got people sory Board with representatives from sory area schools, Board with representatives first to an approach focused on pavement preserva- pavement on focused approach an to first transit, the economic development the authority, invest dedicated preservation dollars. dollars. preservation dedicated invest Raising Awareness Agreement among agency staff and board members, understanding and the results of pavement condition pavement of results the and understanding however, may not be enough to change from worst- from change to enough be not may however, the of consensus and understanding the Often tion. county, as well as for individual townships. townships. individual for as well as county, works with township officials to review their pave- their to review officials township with works asset management from Michigan LTAP. With th asset from management Michigan LTAP. Michigan DOT. RCRC staff and the advisory board and the advisory staff RCRC DOT. Michigan ment ratings and reach consensus on where best to best where on consensus reach and ratings ment members received members training received in the of fundamentals ratings, ratings, RCRC and the advisory board developed mix-of-fixes mix-of-fixes approach ma township passed township a tax property levy to implement pres pavement chamber of commerce, the county commission, the commission, county the commerce, of chamber understand the challenges facing the Road Commis- Road the facing challenges the understand merchant merchant association, the township, the and city, sion and why preserving existing pavements with a with pavements existing preserving why and sion vements ). 4 training training sessions on asset ty ty consensus on a plan of er for agencies to explain the challenges. This challenges. the explain to agencies for er i After participating After in participating The community involvement has broadened The township officials took the information and information the took officials township The Wisconsin DOT maintains a telephone hotline tance. tance. time, time, the Road Commission had allocated dollars leads to greater transparency and accountability for accountability and transparency greater to leads accep- and trust community increasing actions, their from the townships for improvements according to according improvements for townships the from the traditional worst-first strategy. strategy. worst-first traditional the has declined gradually, has as declined gradually, confirmed in pavement ment to educate stakeholderspavement deterioration about and to the explain the basics logic and of in Michigan and Wisconsin are using asset manage- sense of a mix-of-fixes preservation strategy. strategy. preservation mix-of-fixes a of sense a local, non-federal-aid network of 589 miles of pre- of miles 589 of network non-federal-aid local, a an an open and inclusive asset management process condition data collected since 1994. During that dominantly rural roads. The condition of this system this of condition The roads. rural dominantly it eas it to keep good roads in good condition. condition. good in roads good keep to cant benefits for local communities. Several agencies Opportunity to Educate In Michigan,maintain to the Emmetgovernments Countytownship 16 Roadits with Commission works Community Involvement Asset management programs and improved pave- methodology and on implementing pavement man- general, local transportation agencies are finding that finding are agencies transportation local general, management sponsored by TAMC, Brian Gutowski, Brian TAMC, by sponsored management awareness of system conditions and trends, making trends, and conditions system of awareness ment preservation strategies are producing signifi- action and, in some instances, has gained increases gained has instances, in some and, action in in funds to implement planned In improvements. the Road Commission’s engineer–manager, realized engineer–manager, Commission’s Road the in in turn builds communi and e-mail support for local officials who need assis- that the folks back home needed to hear more about more hear to needed home back folks the that agement using the WISLR program ( tance with the program. The WISLR program has been demonstrated at local government association set set forth a plan of of Chairman action. the Emmet and the tools of asset management. meetings to increase understanding of the concepts observed, “Training local officials about asset man- asset about officials local “Training observed, agement was instrumental in getting them on board on them getting in instrumental was agement each 2004, of election the During program.” the with County Road Commission Frank Zulski, Jr., has pavement preservation and the mix-of-fixes approach to maintaining roads. Gutowski asked Michigan LTAP to a for session customize training LTAP Michigan elected officials on the basics of roadway deteriora- of roadway basics on the officials elected tion and the wisdom of making timely impro timely making of wisdom the and tion 26 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010

PHOTO: WISCONSIN DOT roads. first” approachtoits and adopteda“preserve management training customized asset Michigan LTAP for Commission lobbied The EmmetCountyRoad Emmet County, Michigan. section ofpavementin A newlypreserved management. understanding ofasset governments’ enhanced local Demonstrations have Wisconsin Rapi Streets Councilin the LocalRoadsand (WISLR) analysistoolsto Systems forLocalRoads Wisconsin Information presentation on DOT, deliversa Joe Nestler, Wisconsin ds. water, sewers, and roads. Accordin roads. and sewers, water, proposals totaling $45 million to rebuild the city’stherebuild to million proposals$45totaling tureNow—recommended threepackagebondofa known as MAIN, for Maintain our Aging Infrastruc- tigatetheissues make andtorecommendations for proceeding. and then they convinced the political leaders.” that building community consensus generates posi- tiveresults. In1992, thesuburban Detroit commu- nity of 20,000 failed to pass a $20 million bond million $20 a pass to failed 20,000 of nity tives from each of the city’s voting precincts to inves- citizenforma advisory committee withrepresenta- demonstrated has Michigan in Ferndale of City The Consensus Building Works(DPW),recommended cocitythethat Mayor Robert Porter, “People became convinced, became “People Porter, Robert Mayor tiades,DirectorFerndale’sof DepartmentPublic of and aging water and sewer infrastructure. Byron Pho- proposal to improve its 75-mile network of streetsofnetwork75-mile improveitsproposal to With a strongerWithsupport,a ofbasestaffcity made After a year-and-a-half study, the citizen group— g to Ferndale to g

uncil

W S P ARREN TEVE OF COURTESY HOTO making presentations at open public forums, in inter- views with the media, and on field trips with the c futureinvestment scenariosimprovetoconditions, support: “Nothing that“Nothingsupport: more robust proposal. 1995,citizenstheFerndale of voted favortheinof city’s staff and consultantcity’sdemonstratedandstaff alternative improve and preserve the condition of its 73-mile its ofcondition thepreserve andimprove the need, benefit, and effect of the new proposal. In severalpresentations around communitythe about street network. Aided by the WISLR program,theWISLR the by Aidednetwork.street annuallyroadimprovementsfor inadequatewas to erly maintained. Oconomowoc, a small Wisconsin community on the improve the roads—we just needed to give them the aec ad conaiiy I te iy of City the In accountability. and parency reasons why.” appropriately and to invest tax dollars wisely. Areconditions getting better or worse? What is the of means a management,especiallyas asset of fits active, to ensure that the upgraded facilities are prop- very successful—you need grassroots support.” Since council to educate people about the situation and the inclusive and open an of benefit greatest the Perhaps Accountability and Transparency I-94 corridor between Milwaukee and Madison, local educating and involving constituents in the deci- the in constituents involving and educating bene- the realizing are agencies transportation Local Benefits Statewide and Local revealedthat Oconomowoc’s allocation of$100,000 trans- increased the is process management asset councilwantedgivethedollars tous needed we to tions about road and bridge networks—for example, street in the city. The citizen advisory group remains road agency is making to manage roads and bridges choices of solutions. The mayor and city council city and mayor The solutions. of choices ing to DPW Director Mark Frye, “The mayor and city water and sewer facilities and has repaved every repaved has and facilities sewer and water have come to understand and trust the decisions the bond issues to complete the improvements. Accord- 1995, the city has invested $58 million to upgradeinvestedmillionhasto$58city 1995,the members soon approved a tenfold increase in the in increasetenfold a approved soon members awaiting more costly structuralcostlyimprovementsawaitingmore and officials,largecommunitystakeholders,atthe and agencies provide answers to some fundamental ques- sion-makingprocess. Assetmanagement helpingis reconstruction. The city council understood and understood council city The reconstruction. mentswere neededaddress to thebacklog roadsof annual budget appropriation for street preservation. tr usted the analysis and approved two $5 million $5 two approved and analysis the usted Photiadespoints thetovalue buildingof citizen n 05 a aayi o pvmn rtn dat rating pavement of analysis an 2005, In Analysis also demonstrated that additional invest- ’sadministrativelyis driven ity a TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 27 oals and a plan to achieve them. The Roscommon County The Road Commission’s Asset Road Commission’s Advisory Management up of Board, made stakeholders from across developed the county, pavement condition g . . Midwest Meaningful . University of Wiscon- , Summer 2009, p. 3. http:// ). To realize the benefits of asset of benefits the realize To ). 5 Crossroads oebrDcme,2008,, p. November–December, 8. http://www. Wisconsin Information Systems for Local Roads: Regional University Transportation Center, University of Jurisdiction of Local Governments sin, Madison. research/0605/06-05_FR.pdf. trust.dot.state.wi.us/wislr/. icni,Madison,Wisconsin, 2008, pp. 2–5. http://www.mrutc.org/ mdot/AMC_MichiganDOT_Guide_Local_Agencies_ ltapt2.org/downloads/publicRoads.pdf. Use of Collected Local Roads Data and Information Asset Management Guide for Local Agencies in Michigan December 2007. http://www.michigan.gov/documents/ Public Roads 180204_7.pdf. A Partnership to Improve the Management of Roads Under the cal jurisdiction. Approximately 75 percent—or 3.0 percent—or 75 Approximately jurisdiction. cal asset management on asset management a scale. Most national of the lo transportation assets around the country are under are the country around assets transportation 4. WISLR in Action. 1. de Melo e Silva, F., T. McNinch, and J. Dong. 5. Sanders, D., and D. Shea. 25 LTAP/TTAP: Years of Service. References Moving to a NationalExperience Scale with statewide initiatives and inWisconsin could prove useful in Michigan considering 2. million million miles—of the national street and highway network network are under the of jurisdiction 38,000 local 3. Wittwer, E. agencies and tribes ( tribes and agencies management on a national scale, implementation at implementation scale, national a on management the local agency level is essential. essential. is level agency local the d rful ocal agencies are achiev- are agencies ocal Programs like Programs ROADSOFT and WISLR provide People within these communities are paying Statewide asset management initiatives in Michi- in initiatives management asset Statewide

ing it easier to demonstrate alternatives to working alternatives to demonstrate it easier ing consensus on the cost-effectiveness of pavement on on the worst parts of the system first, by building data; data; and making use of tools analysis available to and needs local fit that plans improvement develop

desires. desires. tem conditions and trends. Agencies in turn are find- are turn in Agencies trends. and conditions tem local agencies local with agencies the ability to make projections preservation. In this way, l In way, this preservation. vision? Is progress being made? made? being progress Is vision? including including the collection and storage of condition and to analyze the consequences of various improve- various of consequences the analyze to and tools tools for to explaining stakeholders, local officials, training opportunities; receiving technical assistance, technical receiving opportunities; training transportation system and for convincing them that them convincing for and system transportation have gained additional, needed financial resources to resources financial needed additional, gained have vision for the future? What is the plan to achieve that they can influence the future. future. the influence can they and the general public what is happening to the ing a greater level of transparency and accountabil- and of transparency level a ing greater implement their plans. their implement ity in their community. In several instances, agencies instances, several In community. their in ity ment ment and investment options. These are powe gan and Wisconsin are demonstrating success. Local success. demonstrating are Wisconsin and gan attention to—and gaining greater awareness of—sys- awareness greater gaining to—and attention agencies agencies are establishing their own asset manage-

ment programs through a an of through variety education ment programs P W S OOCUTS OF COURTESY HOTO ARREN TEVE MANAGEMENT 28 AT WORK

TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 ASSET culvert assessment. photographs froma utes andinspection plays theassetattrib- world. Thescreendis- and thephysical between theassets the relationship assets byhighlighting in transportation help forecastchanges Geovisualization can SoftwareEngineer, Lasky Researchis Darter is Researchis Engineer, and of California–Davis. of University Engineering, Aeronautical and Mechanical of Department ResearchCenter, TechnologyConstruction and Maintenance Highway Advanced Professor,is Ravani agement (Figure 1). A decision making, which are appropriate for asset man- ing, communication, and planning. means; it increases the effectiveness of decision mak- edge in a way that would be difficult by any otheranydifficult bybewould that way a in edge knowledge. Effective visualization leverages knowl- visualization emphasizes exploration, interaction, and abstract field data and analysis with direct, practical widearray ofgeospatial data applications” ( thatdevelops visual methods andtools tosupport a oehr o ov polm ad y connecting by and problems solve to together effectiveness of the process by bringing more people I N A V A R . B D N A , Y K S A L . A . T , R E T R A D . T . M Making Decision Interaction, and Cost-Effective Exploration, for Tools Visualization of ization—that is, geographic visualization or carto-geographicvisualizationorization—that is, graphic visualization—“a field of research and practice process and a desiredprocessincreaseaendpoint. canandtheIt Transportation Assets with Geobrowsers V saiaini ato h se management asset the of part is isualization management, the focus is on geovisual-management,on focusisthe for interpretation. For transportation asset a process that transforms data into images crigt n definition, visualization one ccording to is 1 ).Geo- at showing the relationships between assets and the physical world and a and world physical transportation applications, visualization is effective assets and their properties within a virtual world. virtual a propertieswithin their and assets processfurther, embedsvisualitrepresentations of users’ innate abilities to reason and think visually. In changes.The screen capture on page 29 shows sur- Asset management applying visualization appeals to veyed culverts and pavement sections projected onto 1 FIGURE 1Interactivevisualizationprocess. trnews270.pdf. color athttp://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/trnews/ ersn dt ad emti frs Tkn the Taking forms. geometric and data represent ors indicate condition. terrain; in generated visualizations, line and area col- Photographs andfigures inthisarticle are availablein In its simplest form, visualiza Digital Model Digital Visualization Interactive of Reality of 1 t depicting past and future and past depicting t Assets Users tion uses images to TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 29

Culverts and pavement sections are projected in a Google Earth geobrowser. An undermined shoulder on an Oregon state Visualization highway. applications can assist in evaluating the location of assets near steep terrain.

D O : P T PRMN OF EPARTMENT REGON HOTO RANSPORTATION d by abled pow- abled apability still being explored being still apability The open standards, a web-like architecture, and architecture, web-like a standards, open The Building Building 3-D models for within embedding the 2. Providing a fast and intuitive interface, and and interface, 2.intuitive and fast a Providing 3.accuracy. limited Providing The attributes of The can assets attributes within be displayed 1. Rendering spatial information provide and web browsers (Figure 2, page 30). Geobrowsers 30). page 2, (Figure browsers web and HTML (hypertext HTML markup web language), (hypertext servers, (keyhole markup language), servers, and geo- similarly use open standards such as HTTP and KML and HTTP as such standards open use similarly such as HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) and is needed for a specific area. specific a for needed is browsers. browsers. a low-cost or free browser client have en have client browser free or low-cost a geobrowser is another c another is geobrowser Advances and Advantages Geobrowsers have opened new opportunities, bene- Asset Visualization A geobrowser can be considered a commodity ver- servers, KML erful commodity visualization. Geobrowsers can link can Geobrowsers visualization. commodity erful assets. This is useful when a higher- resolution image resolution higher- a when useful is This assets. sion of a GIS viewer. Unlike a typical GIS, however, GIS, typical a Unlike viewer. GIS a of sion for asset visualization (see screen capture, page 30). 30). page capture, screen (see visualization asset for multiple sources of information in the same way that way same the in information of sources multiple a geobrowser does not store or analyze spatial infor- spatial analyze or store not does geobrowser a mation but focuses on on focuses but mation balloons, with custom icons, and with specific colors. specific with and icons, custom with balloons, gle web page. web gle a web browser links multiple web servers on a web servers sin- multiple links a web browser Independent imagery can be overlaid to display other display to overlaid be can imagery Independent systems ies ies on easily architecture as the architecture information ebosr useGeobrowsers free or 2 Communicating current and proposed plans Improving planning by facilitating an evalua- Improving maintenance planning and coordi- Discovering relationships between spatial fea- Tracking assets with real-time data from field Unifying the representation of diverse assets Facilitating the detection of errors in tabular u u u u u u u The use of geobrowsers for transportation visual- transportation for geobrowsers of use The Geobrowsers apply the apply same Geobrowsers All products noted in this article are registered, ity visualization—visualization that rel ity visualization—visualization in substantial user training. New options have increased have options New training. user substantial in Explorer, and World Wind. World and Explorer, improve the ease of use. The capabilities for commod- for capabilities The use. of ease the improve chase of expensive software licenses and an investment an and licenses software expensive of chase browsers such as Google Earth, Bing Maps, ArcGIS Bing Maps, such as Earth, Google browsers low-cost software to software low-cost and enable asset visualization Global Positioning System (GPS); congestion maps from vehicle detector stations; travel time estimates; available and affordable hardware—are evolving rapidly. rapidly. evolving hardware—are affordable and available and the cost-effectiveness. Some examples include geo- include examples Some cost-effectiveness. the and lane closure information; transit vehicle locations; World Wide Web, which has adopted open standards open adopted has which Web, Wide World mation system stations; or bridge surface conditions; surface bridge or stations; system mation 2 rdtoal,asset has visualization required theTraditionally, pur- Geobrowsers Surveying the Benefits Benefits for such applications may include the fol- road weather management from road weather infor- weather road from management weather road sensors—for example, vehicle locations with the tion tion of the consequences of failure—for example, nation through visual reports; visual through nation copyrighted, or trademarked by their respective owners. lowing: These marks are omitted throughout for conciseness. tures; data that otherwise would be difficult to find—such as incorrect geographic positions, attributes, and ests. ests. the ease of use, the ability to connect several systems, several connect to ability the use, of ease the across functional areas into a single model that to management and providing for discussion among discussion for providing and management to inter- and backgrounds diverse with members team analysis results; the proximity of to the assets congestion proximity steep terrain, hotspots, or bridges; and bridges; or hotspots, ization in general, and for asset management in par- in management asset for and general, in ization ticular, is ticular, a recent development. Geobrowsers use includes terrain and possibly buildings; advances in web infrastructure and standards, net- and in standards, advances web infrastructure worked mapping, the public availability of GPS, and GPS, of availability public the mapping, worked (GIS). (GIS). developments in geographic 30 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 visualization technique. a as explored geobrowsers isbeing in models 3-D embedded Technology tobuild visualization. FIGURE 2Evolutionof

Evolution of Commodity Visualization 90 90 90 90 90 00 2010 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 • GIS, computer mapping, e.g., SYMAP e.g., mapping, computer GIS, • • GIS, 3-D perspective, e.g., SYMVU e.g., perspective, 3-D GIS, • any—this differs from the traditional GIS approach. that are easy to use and that require little training, if Thegeobrowser focuses those of the web. intuitive,drawscomputeron skills understanding of—visual information. ture as the web, many visualization benefits parallel i clickspatialfeatures, hierarchicaluseand foldersis rapidly. Because geobrowsers use the same architec- exploration. The simple focus on presentingexploration.onsimplefocusvisual The are relativelyare new, tools capabilitiestheand evolvingare The visualization. asset for challenges and fits, mation without adding the complexity of the user the complexityof theadding without mation interface associated with feature editing and analysis. like web browsers, and traditional GIS tools are more like word processors. A rough analogy would be that geobrowsers are more nformation democratizes the democratizes nformation Geobrowsers provide visualization capabilities visualization provide Geobrowsers The ability to zoom, pan, tilt, fly to other positions, Time • GPS, public use public GPS, • • World Wide Web WorldWide • Desktopmapping • Manual drafting Manual on presentingon visual infor- Networkedmapping • Geobrowser, e.g., • Google Earth access , andencourages, to—and the to—and tiumhas st computerplatforms. TheOpenGeospatial Consor- applications may not be required if one person or personone requiredif be notapplications may tion technology requirements. That is, new systems or can unify spatial information from sever functional in the process of collecting and analyzing spatial analyzing and collecting of process the in engineer and a GIS specialist. This should lower soft- data. F visualizationcapabilities without changing informa- development,which can require an expert software Moreover, geobrowsers can function on different on function can geobrowsers Moreover, continue to drive client costs down. originating from several web servers, geobrowsersservers, web severalfromoriginating prove useful for management presentations. grationwith web browsers and standardization will development. improvements to the traveling public. can improve the understanding and ident and understanding the improve can ware development costdevelopmentware and other assets. inl akrud, s el s y h public. the by as well as backgrounds, sional sheet or database files with comma-separated values addition,abilitycreatethetovideos tours mayand to be less expert-dependent than traditional GIS traditional than expert-dependent less be to ization by transportation staff with diverse profes-diversetransportationwith staff by ization standardized protocols are inexpensive or free. Inte- akgs r aalbe as fclttn low-cost facilitating also available, are packages consuming approvals for new centralized systems. In ating opportunities to communicate future plans and byvendors, and many open-source orfree software on smart phones such as the iPhone and Android. centralized systems. original data. This may eliminate expensive and time- collected via GPS is difficult—or impossible—with- collection. Integrating visualization into the process cutes on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh, as well as facilitates the integration of visualization with data out a visual context for the roads, buildings, terrain, KML standardization eliminates proprietary lock-in andto forward them to others, independently of the diffic have may which cies, e-mailed, archived, or placed on public servers, cre- manyapplications. Google Earth, for example, exe- databases and spreadsheets. Visualization files can be fit for cost-constrainedforfit publictransportation agen- sources. This may be a particularly important bene- den Visualization files can files Visualization Vi Justas web browsers can unify text and pictures This approachThishelpfulprovidingbein may new Theintuitive interface enables theusevisual-of The approach is low in cost—thebrowsersinand low approach The is Software development with geobrowsers is likely t ly of theoflyoriginal visualization datasuch theas sualization is not or example, validating spatial inventory data areagenerateabletois visualization files andardizedKML, which is supported by The easy ability to import spread- an s and increase accessibility.increaseand s end result, but a key part be u distr t dvlpn new developing lty ibuted indepen- ibuted al unrelated ification TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 31 variety of assets. cost, accessible method of visualization for a This map shows the signs in real time. Geobrowsers offer a low- locations and displays the text on dynamic message sion to KML. metimes metimes free of requires requires custom devel- analysis must be balanced against the need to pro- to need the against balanced be must information and transparency. Geobrowsers and Geobrowsers 3-D within visualization web Visualizing Visualizing data stored in a database and per- Geobrowsers offer a universal tool for visualiza- for tool a universal offer Geobrowsers The democratization, access, and understanding and access, democratization, The e knowledge, and knowledge, asset abstract data. This combina- possible—but possible—but tedious—through a combination of text spreadsheets, language), query (structured SQL tion can generate new ideas, approaches, checks on checks approaches, ideas, new generate can tion Maps have been introduced in the past 2 years. years. 2 past the in introduced been have Maps the the validity of data, or the that realization further concerns concerns Work in Progress Done well, brings visualization together people, their opment. Constructing KML files manually is browsers are relatively new capabilities, and feature and capabilities, new relatively are browsers analysis is necessary. necessary. is analysis forming a spatial editors, and other procedures. If applications can export XML (extensible markup language) data, sets and functionality are changing rapidly—for vid tion tion that is lower in cost—and so of visual information that geobrowsers make possi- make geobrowsers that information visual of example, the Google Earth API, Plugin, and My Liability privacy. and liability of issues raise may ble tion) is likely to work for the conver tion) is likely to work XSLT XSLT (extensible stylesheet language transforma- cation and the qual- the and cation into a virtual world. The integrated ncern is the practical maximum size of size maximum practical the is ncern Using a dynamic KML server. Turning off all spatial features by default; Subdividing large KML files into multiple, Accuracy and resolution also may be issues, u u u Another co Another number of spatial features that KML files may con- may files KML that features of spatial number overlay images, for example, varies from less than 1 than less from varies example, for images, overlay 15 to approximately areas in urban pixel per meter able level. Workaround solutions may include may solutions Workaround level. able static static KML files. This limit to is the proportionate meters per pixel in some rural areas. Higher-resolu- areas. rural some in pixel per meters avail- be always not may overlays image custom tion, tain tain before performance degrades to an unaccept- the results are rendered in KML. rendered are the results proximity—is proximity—is performed with external tools, and emphasis is on accessibility and ease of use. The geometric between relationships of analysis spatial many sources, many sources, Some challenges andfully not are Geobrowsers concerns geobrowser. a with arise assets in visualizing Challenges and Concerns of incomplete or inaccurate data. This is promising This performance-based asset management visual This performance-based asset management report calculates water drainage in culverts. features—such as their adjacency, containment, or containment, adjacency, their as features—such for maintenance planning, budget optimization, ity ity of The the of resolution imagery. stock terrain capture above shows some of these applications for applications these of some shows above capture water drainage calculations of culverts. able. In general, if high accuracy is essential to is if In the able. essential high accuracy general, and functional area analysis, for example; the screen the example; for analysis, area functional and application, a application, is geobrowser not probably the best smaller files that each cover a geographic subset; or subset; geographic a cover each that files smaller depending on the desired appli desired the on depending tools for easily viewing georeferenced assets from approach. functional replacements for traditional GIS but are but GIS traditional for replacements functional 32 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 Electronic Resources Transportation Asset Management Today International Technology Exchange Program: Transportation Project 20-74, Developing an Asset Management Plan for the Project 20-24(11), Asset Management Guidance for Midwest Regional University Transportation Center Project 20-57, Analytic Tools to Support Transportation Asset U. S. Domestic Scan Program: Best Practices in Transportation Project 20-60, Performance Measures and Targets for Completed NCHRP Projects Project 19-04, A Review of DOT Compliance with GASB 34 FHWA Asset Management 551.pdf 522.pdf http://assetmanagement.transportation.org/ Transportation Agencies Asset Management in Australia, Canada, England, and New Interstate Highway System http://downloads.transportation.org/amguide.pdf http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_ Zealand http://assetmanagement.transportation.org/tam/aashto.nsf/ www.mrutc.org/assetmgmt/index.htm 632.pdf All+Documents/30F144B18E33667A852570A000468331/ Management http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_ Asset Management $FILE/TAM-International_Scan_Final_Report.pdf http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/trbnet/acl/NCHRP2068 545.pdf _Domestic_Scan_TAM_Final_Report.pdf Transportation Asset Management http://onlinepubs.trb.org/ www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastruct Requirements http://onlinepubs.t rb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_ hikn budgets. shrinking xedadvsal ikastdt rmtransporta- from data asset link visually and extend iulzto aaiiisbtaelmtdb ie or fixed by limited are but capabilities visualization inssesmyb trciet gnista need that agencies to attractive be may systems tion to ability The files. visualization generate to systems tvl ml fot n xesoscnb de for added be can extensions and effort, small atively heso etnua ie a evsaie ihrel- with visualized be can files rectangular or sheets hsapoc a e aresastdt nspread- in barriers—asset data few has approach This hreese oue n ul noe standards. open on built and use, to charge—easier h uhr hn h iiino eerhand Research of Division the thank authors The Acknowledgments noain aionaDprmn fTransportation of Department California Innovation, onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_ ure/asstmgmt/index.cfm AssetManagement Resources Integrating Asset Management into the Metropolitan Project 20-83(03), Long-Range Strategic Issues Affecting Project 08-69, Supplement to the AASHTO Transportation Electronic Circulars Project 08-70, Target-Setting Methods and Data Management Synthesis of Highway Practice 37-03, Managing Selected Asset Management in Planning and Operations: Integrating Roadway, Traffic, and Crash Data Safety: A Peer Geospatial Information Technologies for Asset Management: Project 14-20, Consequences of Delayed Maintenance Transportation Asset Management: Strategic Workshop for Ongoing NCHRP Projects Project 8-36 (Task 84) and Project 25-25 (Task 51 Project 20-74A, Development of National Level of Serv Criteria for the Interstate Highway System Management of Environmental Mitigation Features http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec131.pdf Planning Process: A Peer Exchange Preservation, Maintenance, and Renewal of Highway Asset Management Guide, Volume 2—A Focus on http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Planning/statewide/ Infrastructure Implementation intassetmgmt.pdf to Support Performance-Based Resource Allocation by Transportation Infrastructure Assets A Peer Exchange Exchange http://trb.org/publications/circulars/ec076.pdf http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec111.pdf http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_syn_ Transportation Agencies 371.pdf A Peer Exchange http://onlinepubs.trb.o Department of Transportation Exec (2007) tee, for their valuable input. Michael Manore, Chair, TRB Visualization Commit- Reference (Caltrans),which has supported this work through .Mcahe,A .Goiulzto o nweg Con- Knowledge for Geovisualization M. A. MacEachren, 1. tion Technology Research Center at the University of the Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construc- Jack Stickel, Chair, TRB Statewide TransportationStatewide TRB Chair,Stickel, Jack Morales, Caltrans Culvert Program Coordinator; Program Culvert Caltrans Morales, aa n Ifrain Systems Information and Data California, Davis. The authors also thank Manuel thank also authors The Davis.California, c n Applications and ics tuto n eiinSpot In Support. Decision and struction (2005) (2006) rg/onlinepubs/circulars/ec108.pdf 41,20,p.13–17. pp. 2004, 24(1), , (2006) utives (2008) EECmue Graph- Computer IEEE omte; and Committee; ), Asset ice TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 33 igan . Read- . TR News TR Michigan Depart- perk up, Michigan’s state legislature created the created legislature state s encies, reforms, and savings to i presents presents opinions of contributing IEW V Anticipating the economic cycle is something In 1999, Michigan’ 1999, In For For nearly two decades, the OINT OF authors on transportation issues. The views expressed views The issues. transportation on authors P ers are encouraged to comment in a letter to the editor the to letter a in comment to encouraged are ers are not necessarily those of TRB or or TRB of those necessarily not are on the issues and opinions presented. opinions and issues the on economy is closely tied to the automobile manufac- automobile the to tied closely is economy According to a saying, when the economy in the rest the in economy the when saying, a to According time that this has happened in the past two decades. two past the in happened has this that time economy of the a catches country cold, Michigan’s ment of Transportation (DOT) has applied an asset an applied has (DOT) Transportation of ment are in the double digits today, but this is not the first the not is this but today, digits double the in are ture. Michigan DOT’s local transportation partners local transportation DOT’s ture. Michigan economy perked first and fastest. fastest. and first perked economy national economy started to management approach to investing in its infrastruc- its in investing to approach management turing industry and has experienced dramatic eco- dramatic and industry turing has experienced comes down with the flu. In the past, when the The Michigan Approach Michigan has a different perspective. The state’s have worked to do the same for almost 10 years. years. 10 almost for same the do to worked have public officials in Michigan have taken for granted, for taken have Michigan in officials public blizzard is on the way, people stock up on supplies; on up stock people way, the on is blizzard agencies that have to make many difficult financial difficult to many have make that agencies similarly, public agencies in Michigan always have similarly, nomic nomic ups and downs. State unemployment rates Act 51 Transportation Act Funding 51 Study Transportation Committee, a task force to analyze transportation needs and like getting ready for a winter snowstorm. When a for a ready like snowstorm. getting winter decisions immediately. decisions Some immediately. are trying to fix the looked for effic costs more. more. costs the long term, however, the approach the “worst first” long term, however, worst problems and hoping things will get better. In better. get will things hoping and problems worst funding. The task force learned about Mich weather the tough times. times. tough the weather

IMAGE: MICHIGAN DOT lions. All over the United States, United the over All lions. tates and cities across the country are facing ing with double-digit unemployment or have experienced in decades. Some are deal- are Some decades. in experienced have a financial crisis more severe than any they any than severe more crisis financial a at the Right Time Right the at POINT OF Fix VIEWRight The KIRK T. STEUDLE For many, this is a For first many, since the Depres- Great Investing for the future is not easy for public estate values, the property values—and the tax rev- tax the values—and property the values, estate gaps. In cities that were buoyed by a rising tide of real of tide rising a by buoyed were that cities In gaps. foreclosure rates and face budget deficits of millions of deficits budget face and rates foreclosure perity for decades suddenly must resolve budget enues derived from them—are falling dramatically. dramatically. falling them—are from derived enues of dollars—if not bil not dollars—if of sion. States that have known only growth and pros- and growth only known have that States sion. shortfalls. public public officials are scrambling to find efficiencies, enact reforms, and raise revenues to address the S ASSET AT WORK AT Oversight Committee for the Second Strategic Highway Research (SHRP Program 2). Michigan Department of A need to use resources wisely in a volatile state economy led the Michigan Transportation, Lansing, Transportation, and Chair of the The author is Director, Department of Transportation (DOT) to employ an asset management approach in Department of Transportation the early 1990s. MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT 34 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 needs tobereplaced. waiting untiltheroad life islessexpensivethan preserve aroad’s useful management—a fixto experience favorsasset The MichiganDOT to further the asset management process at Michigan ments of ISTEA were softened. The database helped nization, even after the management system require- database was decision makers throughout the department; the department; the throughout makers decision et rcs b etne t saeie s for use statewide to extended be process ment fore was that a “long-term, planned asset manage- asset planned “long-term, a that was fore DOT.Michigan recommendation primary A there- ofState Highway andTransportation Officials’ Sub- to create one database for easy and routine use by routineuseand easy database for createone to lessons learned from national and international asset committee on Asset Management, I have visited with wide database to providec todatabase wide sistent data on Michigan DOT assets. The intent was goal and succeeded. jurisdictions, across agencies, and under a unifie a under jurisdictions,andagencies, across transportation facilities.” ic hn samme fteAeia Association American the of member a as then, Since Confirmed and Learned Lessons was approach for only not statewide, funding and needs tion charge,Their place. however, transporta-involved in already then approach, management asset DOT’s Michigan DOT leaders developed an organization-developedleadersan MichiganDOT Michigan DOT and its local partners took on that on partnerstooklocal its and DOTMichigan rnprain fiiny c (SE) n 1991, in (ISTEA) Act Efficiency Transportation management scans have confirmed key lessons from gmn ad o s to and agement colleagues from other states—and from other coun- tries—to learn more about how they use asset man- A sustained asset management effort r A sustainedassetmanagementeffort long-term organizationalcommitment. long-term Michigan’s experience: Implementing statewide asset management across After the enactment of the Intermodal Surface Intermodal the of enactment the After s trongly championed within the orga- an ambitious idea at the time. But time. the at idea ambitious e hi rsls ishn. The firsthand. results their ee omprehensive and con-omprehensiveand equir es a

d

DOT M : P ICHIGAN HOTO DOT well beforewellthDOTadventtheof the dep forced application of the asset management approach statewide. Putting the division under planning rein- in developing and approving projects throughout projects approving and developing in 2002, acting on the recommendation of the task the of recommendation the on acting 2002, approach has helped Michigan DOT streamline oper- action to further its asset management approach. In of theagencyculture. Asset managementworksbestasanintegralpart agement goals. key is to to is key comprehensive.The moresomething into evolves ment become part of everything the agency does. agency the everything of part become ment Division in the Bureau of Transportation Planning to the to-do list—it has become part of Michigan DOT’s making process was aligned to achieve asset man- assetachieve to aligned processwas making Ag Road Commission (page 22).] rvndcso makingperformanceand measure- drivendecision works. [For more information about the council, see ihn h aec ad o oriae activities coordinate to and agency the within sees comprehensive, unified data collection at the atcollection datacomprehensive, unifiedsees Asset Management Council to oversee the multi- the oversee to Council Management Asset which required state and local governments to report force, the state legislat give asset managementassetappropriategivean initialfocus a sat w start can designtodatabase information systems. agencyAn en s wy o tec txae dlas the dollars, taxpayer stretch to way a as seen all financial transactions, including the value of their AccountingStandardsStatement34,mentalBoard not require waiting for the money or spending years informed dec informed a pushidentifytoa andsupport goodbusiness prac- organizationalculture. tices and to improveoperations.to andticesAlthough initially member and deputy director of the Kent County Kent the of director deputy and member to drse ast aaeet ad h decision- the and management, asset addressed overnight. ations and reduce administrative costs. of roads and bridges in Michigan and reports the reports and Michigan in bridges and roads of the article in this issue by Steve Warren,Stevecouncilby aissue this article in the all of the transportation agencies to make highly make to agencies transportation the of all state,county, and city levels toassess thecondition infrastructure assets, in their annual financial reports. jurisdictional data collection. Today the council over- results annually to the legislature. These efforts allow ency planning and policy documents consistently t A Developing an asset management culture does culture management asset an Developing Michigan DOT also had the benefit of legislative Convertin Michigan DOT established an Asset Management he Transportation Asset Management Council Management TransportationAsset he s set management is not just another item on item another just not is management set a rtme start—dramatic change does not occur not does change start—dramatic i h mds, agtd prah that approach targeted modest, a th nt. The division provides staff support isions about investment in road net- road in investmentabout isions g h clue eurd ht data- that required culture the ure created the Transportation Asset management is part of e federalGovern-e TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 35 and reported to reported and oach. nt types of assets e asset is returned to the to returned is asset r Michigan DOT’s program, makers understand how a relatively a how understand makers le to reassess the levels of service or service of levels the reassess to le mance measures. 85 percent of nonfreeway pavements in good 85 percent of nonfreeway bridges in good con- 95 percent of freeway pavements in good con- 95 percent of freeway bridges in good condi- haring Michigan DOT’s asset management s on schedule. Since then, the agency has devel- has agency the then, Since schedule. on s u u u u S Asset management efforts achieve success when success achieve efforts management Asset The hard-working staff at Michigan DOT under- DOT Michigan at staff hard-working The The goals were clear, well-defined, and easily Data-driven decisionData-driven manage- and asset making the Michigan legislature approved the 1997 gas tax gas 1997 the approved legislature Michigan the owner owner in good condition and that good service is provided to users during the contract period. contract the during users to provided condition when resources diminish, as they have for have they as diminish, resources when condition lately. agencies many so oped additional goals that help expand performance expand help that goals additional oped condition by 2007; and 2007; by condition increase, the State Transportation Commission, the the commission In annually. the political process accountability. of level own their about dition by 2007; by dition linked to strategic goals and desired outcomes. When outcomes. desired and goals strategic to linked small investment to preserve an asset in fair condi- in fair an asset to preserve investment small Education and communication are tools to Education and communication are further an asset management appr perfor approved a set of goals for the condition of the Effective asset management relies on well-defined Effective relies asset management dition by 2008. by dition tion by 2008; by tion officials and political appointees felt comfortable and decisions took made the investment directives measurement to other programs and other modes. other and programs other to measurement which sets policy fo under under which the the agency operates, for deadline elected most that away enough far was achievement agency’s highways and bridges: and highways agency’s approach with local transportation partners proved partners transportation local with approach accordingly. Michigan DOT achieved the condition DOT achieved Michigan accordingly. relatively easy. Local agencies were eager to eager stretch were agencies Local easy. relatively decision agency ment can help agencies meet the ever-growing their transportation funds. The key was helping the helping was key The funds. transportation their measurable. Progress was measured measured was Progress measurable. makes it possib it makes goal an effective asset management program an in asset program effective management place is key. Asset management can Asset be management part of the key. contract agreement, ensuring that the the that ensuring agreement, demand for transportation service in a fiscally con- in a fiscally service transportation for demand strained environment. Clearly defining the defining Clearly level of environment. strained service or condition for differ

PHOTO: MICHIGAN DOT times as much as much as times e Michigan legislature e Michigan ontemplating in the fiscal crisis—having fiscal the in ontemplating c are Similarly, if an Similarly, agency is going to its outsource In In 1997, even though the efforts were in their first approach to managing assets and instead investment. Michigan DOT chose to forgo the worst- the forgo to chose DOT Michigan investment. and preservation emphasizing approach an embraced to to provide additional resources for transportation and handles data-related functions, such as traffic Michigan achieved a set of highway and bridge condition goals set in 1997—a majority of by 2008— pavements and bridges in good condition thanks to its asset management approach. an investment that will prolong the roadway’s useful roadway’s the prolong will that investment an life, life, making the right fix at the right time makes improved operations. The intent, in part, was to data collection and monitoring, pavement condition pavement monitoring, and collection data sense. sense. monitoring, and maintenance of the state’s geo- stretch taxpayer dollars; but from a business stand- a business from but dollars; taxpayer stretch delivery delivery of and programs option services—an that point, point, the approach simply made sense. If recon- many many Asset management stretches resources and can resources Asset management stretches help agencies compete for funding. graphic information systems base map and referenc- and map base systems information graphic early stages, Michigan DOT’s asset management ing system. system. ing structing a road costs five to seven to five costs road a structing approach helped convince th convince helped approach 36 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 video about asset manageme the asset management process at Michigan DOT. The Asset Management Division recently produced a produced recently Division Management Asset developed an interactive electronic training program made available to legislators and their staffs. to provideto employees withthe basics anddetails of ment was included as a goal in the department’s 2006 Michigan educate to selected were (LTAP) gram throughMichigan’s Local Technical Assistance Pro- materials on asset management early in the process; management. the materials have been widely shared during the during shared widely been have materials the of MichiganDOT’sof externalstakeholderswere and taei pa. h Ast aaeet Division Management Asset The plan. strategic another video, on facilities, is planned for production Michigan DOT and its local partners were able to able werepartners local its and DOTMichigan portation Funding Task Force, or TF2. Members TF2. or Force, Task Funding portation portation Asset Management Council and to several program. management effective asset vital toan training—are interactive as this measures—such and education Communication w er g,telgsaueetbihdteTrans- the established legislature the ago, years Two Tests New term. long the in money more save can tion roads and bridges video were presented to the Trans- DOT and local agency staff iha Isiue ore ad ore offered courses and courses Institute Highway transportation needs and funding. Through the mul- this year.thisinteractive The training programthe and were charged—again—withMichigan’sexaminingwere iuidcinl prah o se management, asset to approach tijurisdictional past 10 years via print and electronic means. National Educating every employee about asset manage-assetaboutemployee Educatingevery Michigan DOT developed a series of educational about implementing asset nt for roads and bridges; Michi legislation are under way. recommendations, and hearings on several pieces of haveintroduced billsenacttonearly TF2 the ofall portationagencies for the past 10years. Legislators no economy Michigan’s industry, manufacturing as well as the logical, data-driven approach to invest- through the results of the strictly disciplinedstrictlyassetthe resultsof throughthe management approach employed by Michigan trans- beginning its downturn. longer may benefit from ro ing decisions hopefully and expectantly. demonstrate the efficiencies and reforms undertaken, deficits in the past few years. Nevertheless, TF2 con- islature to increase transportation funding in Novem- could have dis have could was economy national the as 2008—just ber umrl—xet o te rdblt earned credibility the for summarily—except tion revenue. tinues to push the legislature to increase transporta- Projections show that the state’s economy is in tran- needs to double its investment in transportation. The TF2members, representing spectruma businessof unanimously and without any doubt and labor organizations, called on the Michigan leg- obedgt nmlyet n hg budget huge and unemployment double-digit withstruggledhasMichigan years. 30 as many as sition and may not experience significant growth for ment. The agencies convinced TF2, which agreedwhich TF2,convinced agencies The ment. How well does asset management work? The work? management asset does well How With the decline of the American automobile American the of decline the With In these economic circumstances, the legislature gan transportation community awaits the fund- missed the TF2 recommendations TF2 the missed bust economic rebounds.

s that Michigan

DOT M : I ICHIGAN MAGE CALENDAR

TRB Meetings

November May 27–30 6th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors 8–10 International Conference on 1–4 International Transportation in Driver Assignment, Commercial Driver Health Economic Development Training, and Vehicle Design* and Wellness Conference: Economic Impact Lake Tahoe, California Baltimore, Maryland of Connecting People, Goods, Markets, Employment, 28– 6th International Symposium 16 Commodity Flow Survey Services, and Production* July 1 on Highway Capacity and Workshop Charleston, West Virginia Quality of Service Washington, D.C. Stockholm, Sweden 8–12 13th TRB National 17–19 1st International Symposium Transportation Planning on Advances in Transport July Applications Conference Sustainability* Reno, Nevada 10–13 TRB Joint Summer Meeting Tempe, Arizona Boston, Massachusetts 18–20 3rd International Conference December on Roundabouts 24–27 10th International Carmel, Indiana Conference on Low-Volume 1–3 7th International Bridge Roads Engineering Conference: 18–20 4th International Orlando, Florida Improving Reliability and Transportation Systems Safety—Restoration, Performance Measurement August Renewal, and Replacement Conference San Antonio, Texas Irvine, California 30– Emerging Issues in Safe and Sept. 1 Sustainable Mobility for 2011 June Older People Washington, D.C., area 2–3 5th International Conference January on Bituminous Mixtures and September 23–27 TRB 90th Annual Meeting Pavements* Washington, D.C. Thessaloniki, Greece 13–16 Smart Rivers 2011: www.TRB.org/AnnualMeeting Systems Thinking* 6–7 Using National Household New Orleans, Louisiana Travel Survey Data for February Transportation Decision 14–16 3rd International Conference 7–11 2nd International Conference Making Workshop on Road Safety and on Construction Washington, D.C. Simulation Management* Indianapolis, Indiana 9–11 2nd GeoHunan International Orlando, Florida Conference: Emerging October Technologies for Design, March Construction, Rehabilitation, 2–6 7th World Congress on Joints, 13–16 Geo-Frontiers 2011* and Inspections of Bearings, and Seismic Systems Dallas, Texas Transportation for Concrete Structures* Infrastructure* Las Vegas, Nevada 16–18 Joint Rail Conference: Shared Hunan, China Corridors, Shared Interests* November Pueblo, Colorado 14–17 1st International Conference TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER2010 270 NEWS TR on Access Management* 15–19 8th International Conference Athens, Greece on Managing Pavement Assets* Santiago, Chile

Additional information on TRB meetings, including calls for abstracts, meeting registration, and hotel reservations, is available at www.TRB.org/calendar). To reach the TRB staff contacts, telephone 202-334-2934, fax 202-334-2003, or e-mail [email protected]. Meetings listed without a TRB staff contact have direct links from the TRB calendar web page.

*TRB is cosponsor of the meeting.

37 38 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 University–Northern. Montana State Energy Centerat processed bytheBio- percent biodieselblend, and produced5to20 use ofalocallygrown piloted theyear-round addition, buseshave remote ruralarea.In much-needed serviceina NCMT busprovides The author is the Mobility K C A K D I V A D Communities Small Connecting Bus the on Get and Public Transportation Program Manager, Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman. nMnaasHi-Line Montana’s on H C R A E S E R I ee ihu pbi tasotto srie for services transportation public without were HillCounties alongMontana’s borderCanada with recreational activities, and make other necessary other make and activities, recreational tomedical care and other basic services. Blaine and trips. Access to transportation services is a key to sus- employment,receive education,an andgainaccess ainl potnte, eia nes and needs, medical opportunities, cational eiet otn ut rvl o ban r retain or obtain to travel must often residents smaller communiti ingin the Hi-Line region of north central Montana; taininglivelihoodthe enhancingand vitalitythe of rnprainhsbe ao edfrpol liv- people for need major a been Transportation has Problem YS OFF F O S AY P lenges,as residents pursue employment, edu- inwti ml on n rmsaltowns small from and towns small within tion to larger communities is one of many chal- many of one is communities larger to rniradrrlaes eibetransporta- reliable areas, rural and frontier n es in a rural region. nearly 20 years. A previous transi Indian County, and to Box Elder and Laredo in Rocky Boy’s establishingtransitsystemwouldallowthatresi-a man. The WTI team was asked t asked was team WTI The man. Transportation Western the of expertise research dents access to services in Havre inservices to accessdents Institute (WTI) at MontanaInstituteUniversity–Boze-Stateat(WTI) h Fr B Fort the services.But the population density inthe outlying areas is low—1.5 residents per square mile—so that largestregion,theHarlem,incity to Chinook, and ing public transportation on the Hi-Line. of 9,700, and offers medical, employment, and retail strivesto create and implement strategies toreduce the proposed service aimed to connect Havre, the Havre,connect to aimedservice proposed the profit organization based in Havre. The organization Boy’s in Hill County and Fort Belknap in Blaine in Belknap Fort and County Hill in Boy’s Great Falls, but eventually ceased operation. managementdeveloptoplanimplement-andfor a tana, 114 milesfromtana,114Havre.only Greatthe Fallsis communitiestheseGreatFalls,Mon-ofto all nect limited service connecting two towns, Havre and Havre towns, two connecting service limited stakeholders would work together to implement and educational, and retail facilities. largerarea,withthemedical,communityurban in poverty in the Hi-Line region and to encourage com- non- a Inc.,OpportunityLink, of goal key a been available for a transit system and how the various the how and systemtransit a availablefor addition,NativetwoAmerican reservations, Rocky ntaigargoa rni evc nti rahad area this in service transit regional a Initiating Solution munity-driven partnerships. In August 2008, efforts began on the development of a transit service. County, had struggled to provide transit services transit provide to struggled County, had within and outside their boundaries. WTI’s coordination plan considered the resources Havreisthe Hill County seat, with populationa Opportun Dubbed North Central Montana Transit (NCMT), Reservation. Additional servicewould con- e ka Ida Rsrain n Blaine in Reservation Indian lknap i y ik nitd h pbi transit public the enlisted Link ty t system had offered was difficult. In difficult. was o provide projectprovideo TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 39 Suggestions for “Research for Suggestions Pays Off” topics are wel- are topics Off” Pays come. Contact G. P. G. Contact come. Jayaprakash, Transporta- Jayaprakash, tion Research Board, Keck Board, Research tion 488, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Street, Fifth 500 488, Washington, DC 20001 DC Washington, (202-334-2952; [email protected]). NCMT poster campaign emphasizes the more convenient connections between major rural origins and destinations. ts for ts on Planning i ity for those who lack access lack who those for ity : Appreciation is expressed to Peter OTE N ored in two categories: Planning and Lead- and Planning categories: two in ored S ’ For For additional information, contact David Kack, The successful creation of a transit system within system transit a of creation successful The DITOR E [email protected]. Bozeman, MT 59715; telephone: 406-994-7526; email: 406-994-7526; telephone: 59715; MT Bozeman, Western Transportation Institute, 2327 University Way, University 2327 Institute, Transportation Western monthly monthly ridership totals. some had projected for the for projected had some coordination. innovative transportation planning practices. NCMT practices. planning transportation innovative weekly totals matched what matched totals weekly to basic services—such as the grocery store, medical store, grocery the as services—such basic to NCMT with the 2010 Transportat Shaw retired in July 2010 after 18 years as TRB Pub- TRB as years 18 after 2010 July in retired Shaw care, or education. Despite this critical need, public need, critical this Despite education. or care, was hon was Shaw and G. P. Jayaprakash, Transportation Research Transportation Jayaprakash, P. G. and Shaw with a monthly average of average monthly a with nearly 1,600 rides. The Excellence Excellence Award. The biennial award recognizes marketing materials in the in materials marketing first week of operation, the communities and an improved quality of life for life of quality improved an and communities the residents. For this reason, the Federal Highway rides in rides the week, second Benefits In urban areas, public when the line received its received line the when buses. As of 2010, March is often viewed as a means a as viewed often is to address congestion. In rural and frontier areas, however, transit is often rural rural and frontier areas through partnerships and lic Transportation Specialist. Transportation lic NCMT provided 139 rides, 139 provided NCMT needed to provide mobil provide to needed ership and Tribal Transportation Planning. NCMT ership and Transportation Tribal NCMT NCMT ridership had in- agencies agencies traditionally have considered transit sys- has shown that public transportation can succeed in succeed can transportation public that shown has first request for posting creased to an average of transportation, or transportation, transit, outstanding outstanding initiatives to develop and implement Board, Board, for their efforts in developing this article. followed by more than 200 than more by followed 300 to 400 rides per week, per rides 400 to 300 Administration and the Federal Transit Administra- Transit Federal the and Administration in partners its and Link Opportunity recognized tion tems infeasible and unaffordable in tems and areas with infeasible unaffordable low population densities. population a region can expand viable transportation a options, can region expand viable transportation providing economic and environmental benefi environmental and economic providing st- ng origins and desti- in Havre, and other local agencies and orga- and agencies local other and Havre, in On August 24, 2009, one of the new NCMT bus- NCMT new the of one 2009, 24, August On As part of the process, stakeholders formed a Route planning tasks addressed specific opera- Hospital Hospital nizations provided local funding. local provided nizations Program. In the application, the TAC requested ern, Blaine and Hill Counties, Northern Montana the In on. it cheered supporters 200 than more age; the application and coordination plan to and the the coordination Mon- application meetings with key partners, such as the tribal and $75,000 for operating funds from the Federal Tran- Federal the from funds operating for $75,000 county governments. The planning process also Stylized route map for NCMT service. tana Department of Transportation’s Operating Grant Operating Transportation’s of Department tana With the help of WTI, Opportunity Link submitted Application nations and the best routes for connecting those ing of elected officials; representatives ing from senior of representatives elected officials; support the proposed service. The plan was devel- services within the budget. The routes and service sit Administration and three 21-passenger buses. levels were modified several times as updated bud- consi (TAC) Committee Advisory Transportation es, with 18 passengers on board, made its maiden voy- maiden its made board, on passengers 18 with es, Partners including Montana State University–North- State Montana including Partners get information became available. available. became information get centers, transportation agencies, and medical, edu- and medical, agencies, transportation centers, points. The cost of operating these routes was com- oped through community meetings and through included the system’s partner agencies and organiza- made to keep service levels and the overall cost of the pared against a draft budget, and adjustments were ity advocacy organizations in Hill and Blaine cation, social service, community-based, and minor- and community-based, service, social cation, tions, as well as representatives of the communities and areas to be coveredsidering by the the proposed routes bus and system, services. in con- Counties; and representatives of tribal agencies from agencies tribal of representatives and Counties; approved the coordination plan in February 2009. 2009. February in plan coordination the approved the the Fort Belknap and Indian Rocky Reserva- Boy’s tional details, such as identifyi tions. tions. The North Central Montana Regional TAC PROFILES ......

Barney T. Martin, Jr. Modjeski and Masters, Inc.

arney T. Martin, Jr., discovered his passion for bridges review courses at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New early in his career, as a recent college graduate and York, for several years. civil engineering officer in the U. S. Air Force—his Martin has supervised the cable inspection, suspender first design assignment was a small timber bridge on replacement, steel repair, and anchorage dehumidification of Bthe golf course of an Air Force base. In 1976, Martin joined the Mid-Hudson Bridge between Poughkeepsie and Highland, Modjeski and Masters, Inc., as a design engineer, starting a New York; a project to replace the subfloorbeams, joints, and long career with the firm, overseeing the design and rehabili- bearings of the Ambassador Bridge between Detroit, Michigan, tation of many bridges. and Windsor, Ontario; a cable replacement study for the Bear His expertise in bridge design was forged as design engineer Mountain Bridge in New York; and the design and preparation for portions of the Scotlandville Bypass in Baton Rouge, for a second international crossing at Port Huron, Michigan. A Louisiana; the US-167 interchanges near Lafayette, Louisiana; registered engineer in 14 states, Martin also led cable assess- and the C&G Railroad Bridge at Waverly, Mississippi. Pro- ment projects for the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge in New York moted to associate in 1980, Martin managed the redecking and City, the Wurts Street Bridge between Kingston and Port Ewen, strengthening of a major cantilever truss bridge in New New York, and other structures. Orleans, along with the design and construction of a rolling leaf Martin has participated in, and contributed to, the Interna- tional Cable-Supported Bridge Operators’ Confer- ence since 1991 and has presented papers at the “Effective and meaningful 2008 and 2009 U.S.–Japan Bridge Engineering transportation research Workshops. He has coauthored many papers and technical reports, including “Evolution of Parallel answers our questions as to Wire Cable Condition Assessment—A Case Study” (2008), “Structural Details to Accommodate Seis- ‘why,’ and provides us with the mic Movements of Highway Bridges and Retaining ‘how,’ which we can use to Walls” (1997), and “Long-Term Performance of Prestressed, Pretensioned, High-Strength Concrete achieve our desired objectives.” Bridge Girders” (1995). He has provided peer reviews recently for such journals as the Pre- cast–Prestressed Concrete Institute’s PCI Journal, bascule bridge over Louisiana’s Lake Pontchartrain for Norfolk the American Concrete Institute’s ACI Structural Journal, the Southern Railway. In 1992, Martin moved to New York as man- Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation ager of Modjeski and Masters’ Poughkeepsie office. His knowl- Research Board, and the American Society of Civil Engineers’ edge broadened in scope to include the repair and rehabilitation Journal of Bridge Engineering. of suspension bridges and the assessment of main cables and Martin has been a member of TRB’s Concrete Bridges Com- suspender ropes. In 2000, he became vice president of Modjeski mittee since 1993, and served as its chair from 2003 to 2009. and Masters and was named president of the firm in 2007. Other TRB activities include the Committee for the Sixth Inter- Martin pursued graduate study, both part- and full-time, national Bridge Engineering Conference, the Structures Section, throughout his career. He received a master’s degree in civil the Steel Bridges Committee, and the Design and Construction engineering in 1981 and a doctorate in structural engineering Group. “Effective and meaningful transportation research from Tulane University in 1992, when he was 40 years old. answers our questions as to ‘why,’ and provides us with the ‘how,’ “Returning to school at that age, after a significant number of which we can use to achieve our desired objectives,” notes Mar- years of practical experience, greatly aided my perspective on tin. “This is what TRB-initiated research accomplishes.” the research I was performing,” Martin recalls. Martin has participated in several National Cooperative Martin credits his commitment to education, collaboration, Highway Research Program (NCHRP) project panels, most and research as key to his professional development. “As indi- recently for NCHRP Synthesis 393, Adjacent Precast Concrete viduals with a scientific background, we all have a desire to Box Beam Bridges: Connection Details. He is the coauthor of the understand why certain phenomena occur,” Martin comments. report for NCHRP Project 20-07 (Task 217), Verification and “As engineers, we seek to use that understanding to overcome Implementation of Strut-and-Tie Model in Load and Resistance or use those phenomena.” In 2000, he taught a graduate sem- Factor Design Bridge Design Specifications, and was a member

TR NEWS 270 2010 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER inar in suspended bridge cable corrosion at Budapest Univer- of the international scanning team on Assuring Bridge Safety 40 sity of Technology in Hungary; he also led professional engineer and Serviceability in 2009. PROFILES ......

Reginald R. Souleyrette Iowa State University

erald and Audrey Olson Professor of Civil Engineer- He currently focuses on development of the U.S. Road ing at Iowa State University (ISU), Reginald R. Assessment Program (usRAP) and other safety data–related Souleyrette has focused his research on information projects. Sponsors for Souleyrette’s research include such orga- technology—especially on highway safety geospatial nizations as U.S. DOT; the Iowa Department of Health; the Ginformation systems (GIS). As associate director of ISU’s Institute U.S. Department of Energy; the National Park Service; several for Transportation (InTrans)—formerly the Center for Trans- state DOTs; the Federal Highway Administration; the AAA portation Research and Education (CTRE)—Souleyrette has led Foundation for Traffic Safety; the Midwest Research Institute; research on the development of traffic forecasting models, radioac- and the Iowa Highway Research Board. tive waste transportation, school district planning, telecommut- High expectations from the public with regard to informa- ing, and airport issues. His skill at bringing in researchers and tion systems present fruitful research opportunities, Souleyrette graduate students to work on transportation problems as a team comments: “Smarter systems are needed to tailor the right helped establish InTrans’ successful research model. information to the right people at the right time, in a straight- forward and intuitive way. Public–private partnerships in data and information systems are the key; we must continue to “Transportation demand transparency and access to information, to make the best decisions in our private and public lives.” research provides Souleyrette points to a successful collaboration of Iowa state many opportunities agencies that used data and technology to address highway safety problems, such as the Iowa Traffic Safety Data Service he to address significant manages with research engineer Zach Hans—one of his first graduate students. Vital to the process was an active leadership societal problems and and the willingness of public health, engineering, enforcement, opportunities.” and research and education officials to work together. “This has resulted in capacity for Second Strategic Highway Research Program safety work, data-driven decisions, and cross-group Souleyrette received bachelor’s and master’s degrees in civil TRB collaborations,” he observes. engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, and a doc- In 1996 he collaborated with Garrison on “Transportation, torate in civil engineering from the University of California Innovation, and Development: The Companion Innovation (UC), Berkeley. In 1989, he began working as assistant profes- Hypothesis” in The Logistics and Transportation Review. Other sor at the University of Nevada–Las Vegas. There he helped to notable projects Souleyrette has been a part of include early traf- develop a transportation engineering program and a trans- fic GIS planning tools; TraCS Incident Location and analysis tools, portation research center; he served as the center’s first assis- in collaboration with Dan Gieseman; and remote sensing research. tant director. Working in partnership with William L. Garrison “I am lucky to be part of a team of bright and hardworking of UC Berkeley, Souleyrette studied the relationship between transportation professionals who really care that the work they transportation and production. do makes a difference,” Souleyrette notes. Honors that he has In 1993, Souleyrette joined the growing transportation engi- received as part of research teams include the National Road- neering program at ISU as assistant professor in the Department way Safety Award, the Iowa Department of Public Safety Com- of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering and as missioner’s Special Award for Traffic Safety, the National Safety SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER2010 270 NEWS TR associate director of research at CTRE. He served as assistant Council’s 26th International Traffic Records Forum Best Prac- director at the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (DOT) Mid- tices Award, and three separate Engineering Student Council west Transportation Center, established the Midwest Travel Leadership Awards. For his work with IGIC, Souleyrette Model Users Group, and helped create the Iowa Geographic received the Governor’s Volunteer Award for Service to the Information Council (IGIC). He was appointed full professor State of Iowa. He credits the team of faculty, professional staff, in 2003; as a major professor, he has mentored more than 50 and students for these awards and the success of his programs. graduate students. Souleyrette has participated in TRB technical committees “Take advantage of being young and new to the field,” since 1991, when he joined the Metropolitan Policy, Planning, Souleyrette advises new transportation professionals. “Cultivate and Processes Committee. He has served on the Task Force on a sense of being part of something larger than yourself. Trans- Geographic Information Systems for Transportation, the Geo- portation research provides many opportunities to address sig- graphic Information Science and Applications Committee, and nificant societal problems and opportunities.” is chair of the Data and Information Systems Section. 41 42 TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 of water jets 1 in. in diamete employedthemore precise hydroprobe, which useslinear a series century wreck in the river, but not enough evide f ea ad oae h gnrl ra f h wek te then they wreck; the of area general the locate and metal of archaeology surveys have indicated the presence of an early 19tharchaeologyearlyanpresence indicated havesurveystheof fortheremains Warofa of1812 shipwreck intheshallows ofthe tle of Bladensburg, Maryland. PatuxentRiver, UppernearMarlboro, Maryland. underwaterPast MarylandHistorical Trust and the U.S. Navy, is funding the search Shortly after he scuttled the ship, Barney led his troops into the Bat- et c’ Eeg Effic Energy Act’s ment River,where theBritish blockadeNavyhada trap tothem.setup uate alternative energy technologies to reduce harmful vehicle harmful reduce to technologies energy alternative uate aea etAe re Technology con- Demonstration Project Green Area Rest Gateway A Initiatives Green Tests Ohio the with along (SHA), Administration Highway State Maryland Ship The 1812 of War for Search Finances Grant State 1812 shipwreck. archaeologists areworkingtodeterminethelocationofaWar of U.S. NavyPrincipalInvestigatorRobertNeylandandother ducted by the Ohio Department of Transportation (DOT) will eval- ered to identify the ship. ect blog at www. archaeologists will test the site in preparation for placement of a cof- ship flotilla had retreated to the shallow wate shallow the toretreated had flotilla ship to identify their original location on the ship. For the next 2 years, water archaeologists are now excavating two 6-ft by 10-ft test units forces—in 1814. After engaging the HMS ment Americanagainstuse capturepreventBritishand to sankerately thought to be the resting place of the flagship USS flagship the of place resting the be to thought emissions, with the goals of decreasing Ohio DOT’s carbon footprint anothervesselthatCommodore JoshuaBarney “scuttled”—delib- ferdam that will allow the wreck to be excavated as a dry site. and of creating local jobs. Research teams first used a magnetometer to detect the presence In early August, archaeologists mapped an underwater area underwater an mapped archaeologists August, early In For more information on the progress of the excavation, visit the proj- WithDepart-millionfundingU.S.$1.6sourcesinclude athat ofEnergy grant under the American Recovery and Reinvest- NEWS BRIEFS scorpionarchaeology.blogspot.com. i ny n Cnevto Bok Grant Block Conservation and ency r to pinpoint the wreck location. Under- St. Lawrence rs of the Patuxent the of rs nce has been gath- , Barney’s 18- Scorpion

or

SHA M : P ARYLAND HOTO evaluated for statewide imp can be made, however, each alternative energy technology must be tends to generate shopping demand. Using SEM and control deployedacrossfacilities.itsof all Before large-scale a investment Equipment to be tested includes turbines, solar arrays, pedestals for of the vast amounts of product information online, the Internet the online,informationproduct of amounts vast the of Program,administered through theOhioDepartment Develop-of online shopping encourages more trips to the st Reports/reportdetail.html?id=1942. sumes ment, Ohio DOT aims to develop a best-practice model that can be onlineshopping replaced in-store shopping, orit could increase if buying frequency. Researchers note that the study will not be com- ity participation, and the implications for transportation planning. Hill is developing a design–build scope for the Ashtabula location. transportation;household shopping travel, however, could drop if searching frequency has a positive impact on online and in-storeandonline on positiveimpact searching a frequencyhas 614-644-5928 or [email protected]. shopping than does online buying. According to the report, online often buying online that researchersfoundfactors, confounding eerhr tteUiest fMneoas(M upryInsti- Humphrey Minnesota’s (UM) of University the at Researchers Effects Shopping’s Online plete until results of the activity diary are processed. nTasotto Demand Transportation on Belmont Counties, are scheduled for completion in 2011. CH2M2011.completionBelmontCounties,scheduledareinfor search seems to have more of a complementary effect on traditional transportationpersonal andfreight affect could shopping online tute of Publictuteof Affairs recently studied patterns onlineof shopping the Maumee River in Toledo. project online shopping affects an individual’s physical shopping and activ- leads to further in-store purchases; however, the online information bypassing wholesalers and retailers—could lead consumers—potentialdeliverytototripsThegrowth time.of over changes in freight truck-stop electrification, and level-II electric vehicle chargers. and in-store shopping. Sponsored by UM’s Intelligent Transportation ines whether shopping patterns differ by geographical area, howgeographicalarea,by differpatterns shoppingwhether ines els (SEM) to examine this relationship and how it affects travel. SR-2 in Ottawa County, assessment of a turbine at a District 12 rest power consumption of the Veterans Glass City Skyway Bridge over area or maintenance facility, and a power purchase agreement pilot consumption. Xulight,Ohio DOT isinstalling 113-kWa solar array tooffset the Systems Institute, the study employs a conventional shopping sur- vey,anactivity diary, probit models, andstructural equation mod- estimated150,000 kWannually—half ofthe total rest area energy year; the 100-kW wind turbines that are being testedproducebeingturbinesare100-kWwindthatan theyear; A case study of Minnesota’s Twin Cities concluded that because The average Ohio DOT TravelcurrentlyDOTareacon-rest CenterOhioaverage The For the full report, visit www.its.umn.edu/Publications/Researchvisit report, full the For For more information, contact Jennifer Gallagher,DOT,Jenniferat contactOhioinformation, more For Project phases, which include systems in Ashtabula, Wood, and According to the study,migration the to According Other Ohio DOT energy initiatives include a wind turbineonenergy windinitiativesDOT includeOhioa Other approximately 300,000 kW annually, at a cost of $30,000 per . In partnership with the University of Toledo, First Solar, and lementation. from in-store shopping to shopping in-store from ore. The study exam- ling for INTERNATIONAL P Economic Downturn Slows HOTO : W :

International Traffic ERNER

The global economic downturn has taken a toll on H the transportation sector, according to reports from ENNIES , F , the International Transport Forum (ITF) at the LUGHAFEN Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Devel- M opment (OECD). ITF statistics show a drop in global ÜNCHEN freight and passenger transportation, along with reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, in many GMBH countries. According to ITF,world container traffic fell by 26 percent in 2009 (in 20-ft. equivalent units), air freight ton-kilometers dropped by 10 percent, and rail ton-kilometers decreased by 23 percent. In the European Union (EU), road ton-km dropped by slightly more than 21 percent, and rail freight data in the United States and Russia underwent reductions of approximately 14 percent and 12 percent, respec- tively. Some data indicate a slight recovery: the rail freight decline was leveling off in many countries at member countries and rail passenger transportation Air passenger traffic the end of the third quarter of 2009, but overall rail in ITF member countries both fell by approximately in many European freight numbers are still lower than they were before 3.5 percent in 2009. countries fell in the downturn. Inland transportation infrastructure The economic crisis has contributed to the 2009, according to data from the continues to grow in Eastern and Central Europe— sharpest drop in GHG emissions in 40 years—an International by more than 17 percent from 2007 to 2008—but in estimated 3 to 10 percent decline in 2008, according Transport Forum. Western Europe, the United States, and Japan, infra- to ITF reports. Global CO2 emissions continue to structure investment grew more slowly—by 2.5 per- grow, although at a slower rate; the rate of emissions cent in the same period. growth from 1990 to 2007 was an estimated 45 per- Although less affected by the downturn than cent, and emissions are projected to increase approx- freight traffic, global passenger transportation expe- imately 40 percent by 2030. rienced some decline. According to ITF, air passen- For more information, visit www.international ger traffic in International Air Transport Association transportforum.org.

Economic Forum Advances Goals eration of external for Transportation Sector costs of various modes; Raise the profile of the transportation sector in glob- best practices for road al discussions and enhance global, national, and maintenance, road ac- cross-industry collaboration; encourage the adop- cidents, freight trans- tion of best practices; and increase technological and portation, fuel-efficient SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER2010 270 NEWS TR financial innovation are among the recommendations driving, and nonmo- released by members of the World Economic Forum’s torized transportation; Global Agenda Council on the Future of Trans- encouraging innova- portation. At its Global Redesign Summit in Doha, tion and technology Qatar, May 30–31, the forum also recommended em- in cities; and the powering the ITF through a mandate to G-20 na- launch of operating tions to promote sustainable transportation beyond expense–focused pub- the OECD countries; a specific set of data points for lic–private partnerships and business models. all nations; an online, open mechanism for the ex- For more information, contact John Moavenzadeh, change of best practices; the elimination of unjus- [email protected], or Mariana Torres- tified transportation-related subsidies, and consid- Montoya, [email protected]. 43 TRB HIGHLIGHTS

SHRP 2 Shifting into Implementation With more than 80 research contracts under way in the Second Strate- gic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), the focus is turning to the development of research results into products for transportation agen- cies. The development process includes symposia, workshops, field tests, and demonstration projects to prepare research results for imple- mentation. Transportation agencies nationwide are participating in preimplementation activities. In cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT), SHRP 2 researchers constructed experimental composite pave- ment sections at the MnROAD Cold Weather Road Research Facility. The project will enhance understanding of the performance character- istics of durable pavements and will advance the SHRP 2 goal of high- way renewal with rapid techniques for long-lasting facilities. A project to pilot-test the website for Transportation for Communi- SHRP 2 composite pavement research is conducted at MnROAD in ties—Advancing Projects Through Partnerships (TCAPP) involves four cooperation with Minnesota DOT. state DOTs and their partners, including metropolitan planning orga-

Cooperative Research Programs News

Alternative Fuels to Reduce Emissions solvents raise safety and environmental concerns. As a result, pave- at Airports ment markings typically are ground down, leaving scars in the sur- More than 60 airports nationwide are located in areas that have face that can be mistaken for functional pavement markings under failed to attain targeted reductions for emissions of fine particulate low light or wet conditions. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control

matter (PM2.5). As air travel demand grows, these airports face Devices (MUTCD) requires that all visible traces of existing mark- increased pressure to reduce their contributions to local greenhouse ings be obliterated and does not allow for removal methods that gas emissions; regions of the country with particulate matter exceed- cause damage; however, no specification has been developed for an ing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards limits are required acceptable level of pavement scarring. to develop a plan to bring affected areas back into attainment. A Texas A&M University has received a $200,000, 14-month con- combination of actions—aircraft technology advancement, efficient tract [National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) operational procedures, and use of alternative fuels—is necessary to Project 14-22, FY 2010] to determine best practices for the safe, cost- address air quality–related environmental concerns effectively. effective, and environmentally acceptable removal of work zone PA Government Services, Inc., has received a $499,798, 16- and permanent pavement markings with minimal damage to the month contract [Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) surface or to the underlying pavement. Researchers will examine

Project 02-23, FY 2010] to estimate the PM2.5 contribution from air- solutions such as mechanical processes; environmentally acceptable ports; evaluate the impact that alternative fuels may have in reduc- chemical removal systems; durable coating that can blend into the

ing PM2.5 emissions from aircraft engines, auxiliary power units, P ground transportation, and other combustion sources; and identify HOTO : L :

the opportunities and challenges presented by adopting alternative EA M. R M. fuels to reduce airport-related PM2.5 emissions. ICE For further information, contact Joseph D. Navarrete, TRB, 202- 334-1649, [email protected].

Effective Removal of Pavement Markings Lane shifts often are necessary during road construction projects and require that pavement markings be obscured or removed for new markings to be applied. Pavement marking systems, however, are designed to be durable and strongly bonded; must be capable of withstanding years of traffic wear; and should resist environmental damages. For these reasons, many new systems are epoxy-based and adhere adamantly to pavement. Obscuring methods such as black

TR NEWS 270 2010 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER tape tend not to last long enough, often have different reflective 44 properties than the pavement, and may confuse drivers. Chemical TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 45 is required. required. is term property assets acquired in the in acquired assets property term NCHRP Project 20-84, FY 2010) to develop improved right- improved develop to 2010) FY 20-84, Project NCHRP The University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Cen- Research Safety Highway Carolina North of University The For further information, contact Christopher Hedges, TRB, 202-334- TRB, Hedges, Christopher contact information, further For For further information, contact David A. Reynaud, TRB, 202-334- TRB, Reynaud, A. David contact information, further For Texas A&M University is the recipient of a $500,000, 24-month $500,000, a of recipient the is University A&M Texas Improved Right-of-Way Procedures To improve project development and delivery and long-term right- right-of-way right-of-way process must be accurately inventoried, evaluated, and Business Practices of-way procedures and business practices for project development for project practices and business procedures of-way of-way asset management, state departments of transportation are of transportation departments state management, asset of-way ter has received a $500,000, 30-month contract (NCHRP 17-48, FY 17-48, (NCHRP contract 30-month $500,000, a received has ter highway infrastructure and operations safety research needs and to and needs research safety operations and infrastructure highway has increased safety funding, and states have developed and imple- and developed have states and funding, safety increased has maintained, and managed, sometimes for several years. This man- This years. several for sometimes managed, and maintained, and delivery; investigate best practices for the long-term management long-term the for practices best investigate delivery; and seeking to simplify and streamline their right-of-way procedures and procedures right-of-way their streamline and simplify to seeking coordinated research investment investment research coordinated 2010) 2010) to design a detailed to methodology identify and evaluate mented strategic highway safety plans, research is needed into inno- into needed is research plans, safety highway strategic mented develop a formal national research agenda. research national formal a develop business practices. Current procedures—products of decades’ worth decades’ of procedures—products Current practices. business of statutes, case law, regulations, management styles, and best prac- best and styles, management regulations, law, case statutes, of after right-of-way the roadway not include does typically agement of right-of-way assets; and compare a typical right-of-way business right-of-way a typical compare and assets; right-of-way of vations vations that would reduce injuries and fatalities significantly; a tices—vary widely, and the long- the and widely, tices—vary model with an improved model. improved an with model construction is complete, however. Streamlined, simplified proce- simplified Streamlined, however. is complete, construction 1472, [email protected]. 1472, 1695, [email protected]. 1695, dures and business practices are needed. are practices business and dures grant ( grant avel data to inform ransportation planning and are based on the results the on based are Consultant Alan Pisarski offers Consultant at a meeting of the comments on Strategies for Committee Improved Passenger and Data, Tuesday, Freight Travel August 17, at The National in Academies’ Keck Center D.C. The study Washington, federal, committee is assessing data and state, and local travel will make recommendations and for an affordable sustainable system for estimating personal and freight tr t decision making. — DATA TRAVEL IMPROVING gencies, Roadside Design Guide Design Roadside tch crashes. tch drainage systems, culvert ends, inlets, headwalls, and headwalls, ends, inlets, culvert systems, drainage The Texas A&M Research Foundation has received a $400,000, a received has Foundation Research A&M Texas The For further information, contact David A. Reynaud, TRB, 202-334- TRB, Reynaud, A. David contact information, further For For further information, contact Charles W. Niessner, TRB, 202-334- TRB, Niessner, W. Charles contact information, further For versities, and research organizations. and research versities, Administration division offices, uni- offices, division Administration The website—a collaborative resource collaborative website—a The other project results are expected. for highway capacity project plan- SHRP SHRP 2 Capacity research projects; ning—comprises results from several from results ning—comprises Each team will test a different aspect a different test will team Each resource resource agencies, Federal Highway The rate of highway traffic injuries and deaths has decreased steadily Highway Infrastructure and Operations Guidelines for Cost-Effective Safety Roadside ditches are critical for the control of storm water runoff on pavement; or methods of covering the pavement width completely. measures framework, and evaluation and framework, measures 1695, [email protected]. 1695, of collaborative relationships. The of TCAPP—application to of a TCAPP—application current over time but is still unacceptably high. Although the Safe, Account- Safe, the Although high. unacceptably still is but time over findings findings will help to refine TCAPP’s corridor study, use of the performance the of use study, corridor Safety Research Needs ramnsofTreatments Roadside Ditches functionality and content. and functionality highways, but they can be hazardous when errant motorists leave the leave motorists errant when hazardous be can they but highways, 24-month contract (NCHRP 16-05, FY 2010) to develop guidelines develop to 2010) FY 16-05, (NCHRP contract 24-month holding basins can be expensive or can become roadside obstacles roadside become or can be expensive can basins holding be attributed to ditches. The preferred ditch configurations featured configurations ditch preferred The ditches. to attributed be severity of ditch crashes. ditch of severity able, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users for Legacy A Act: Equity Transportation Efficient Flexible, able, 1431, [email protected]. 1431, roadway—reports show that more than 1,000 fatalities per year can year per fatalities 1,000 than more that show roadway—reports themselves; although a ditch barrier reduces the clear zone, it often it zone, clear the reduces barrier ditch a although themselves; for for the of treatment cost-effective roadside ditches to reduce the in the American Association of State Highway and of Transportation Highway State Association in the American is not cost-effective, and and is it operational maintenance not presents cost-effective, Officials’ (AASHTO) (AASHTO) Officials’ nizations, nizations, city and county a of limited testing and simulations conducted in the 1970s and often and 1970s the in conducted simulations and testing limited of issues. By the issues. and factors in identifying involved dynamics crash are not practical for roads with limited rights-of-way. Solutions such Solutions rights-of-way. limited with roads for practical not are events, countermeasures can be developed and implemented to mit- to implemented and developed be can countermeasures events, as as enclosed igate roadside di roadside igate BOOK SHELF Safe Passages: Highways, ment agencies, and nongovern- Wildlife, and Habitat mental organizations. Connectivity Edited by Jon P. Beckmann, Too Big to Fall: America’s Anthony P. Clevenger, Marcel P. Failing Infrastructure and the Huijser, and Jodi A. Hilty. Island Way Forward Press, 2010; 396 pp.; $40; 978-1- Barry B. LePatner. Foster Publish- 597-26654-3. ing, 2010; 224 pp.; $27.95; 978-0- Through a broad overview of 984-49780-5. developments in reducing the toll that roads take on In August 2007, the I-35W bridge in Minneapo- animals, this volume features the latest information lis collapsed, killing 13 people and injuring 145 oth- on the emerging science of road ecology and how it ers. Subsequent investigations revealed that the can help mitigate harmful interactions between roads accident could have been prevented and yet may be and wildlife. Presenting practical tools and exam- repeated at many of the nation’s bridges—more than ples, Safe Passages examines habitat connectivity in 50 percent of which are past their intended life span. relation to roads; planning approaches and tech- The author chronicles the problems that in his nologies to mitigate the impact of highways on ter- view led to the I-35W bridge collapse—poor bridge restrial and aquatic species; public participation in design, shoddy maintenance, ignored repair rec- projects to promote highway–wildlife connectivity; ommendations, and misallocated funding—and successful case studies from partnerships across reviews the responses to the tragedy. The meaning North America; and other recent innovations and of the I-35W bridge collapse for the country as a developments. Detailed case studies span a range of whole is explored, and the possibility of a nation- projects and activities—from site-specific wildlife wide infrastructural breakdown is outlined. The crossing structures to statewide planning to national author uncovers government failures at the national legislation—illuminating the cooperative efforts of and state levels and points out the ways in which transportation agencies, land and wildlife manage- the national transportation funding system priori- tizes new projects instead of maintaining aging The books in this section are not TRB publica- infrastructure. The role of infrastructure in eco- tions. To order, contact the publisher listed. nomic strength and national security is examined.

TRB PUBLICATIONS

Research on the Transmission of Disease with different air conditioning methods, emissions in Airports and on Aircraft: inventories for construction vehicles, the energy and Summary of a Symposium environmental impacts of high-speed roundabouts, TRB Conference Proceedings 47 a macroscopic emission model for China, and par- Presentations from a September 2009 symposium ticulate emissions from transit buses. Also examined that examined the status of research on the trans- are the effect of high-occupancy toll lanes on mass mission of disease on aircraft and in airports are sum- vehicle emissions, the environmental impacts of marized, and the potential applications of research high-emitting vehicles, emissions models of freeways results to the development of protocols and stan- with high-occupancy vehicle facilities, the environ- dards for managing communicable disease incidents mental impacts of a major freight corridor, planning in aviation settings are explored. Areas for additional combined wildlife and pedestrian highway crossings, research are also outlined. vehicle pass-by noise emission from onboard sound 2010; 60 pp.; TRB affiliates, $34.50; nonaffiliates, intensity levels of tire–pavement noise, vertical dis- $46. Subscriber category: aviation. tribution of truck noise sources by acoustic beam forming, test variables for onboard sound intensity Environment 2009 measurements, the preservation of a historic national Transportation Research Record 2123 park roadway, and the environmental impacts of Papers tackle environmental subjects, including cured-in-place pipe.

TR NEWS 270 2010 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER transportation planning and National Environmen- 2009; 179 pp.; TRB affiliates, $52.50; nonaffiliates, 46 tal Policy Act processes, in-cab air quality of trucks $70. Subscriber category: energy and environment. TR NEWS 270 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2010 47 BOOK SHELF rvice, nd opera- nd s, a platoon-prior- a s, (TRR Journal) series Journal) (TRR volume explore variability in variability explore volume freeze regions; finite element deformation and fatigue of asphalt mixtures; asphalt of fatigue and deformation Transportation Research Record: Journal of the of Journal Record: Research Transportation nsportation Research Record 2128 Record Research nsportation 2009; 186 pp.; TRB affiliates, $52.50; nonaffiliates, $52.50; affiliates, TRB pp.; 186 2009; ansportation Research Record 2127 Record Research ansportation affic Systems 2009 Signal the the reviewed papers that have been published as part of part as published been have that papers reviewed se Online TRR the explore To available. become access to the full text of more than 10,000 peer- 10,000 than more of text full the to access Transportation Research Board Research Transportation papers Journal TRR new as updated is and nologies visit www.TRB.org/TRROnline. visit The TRR Journal Online website provides electronic provides website Online Journal TRR The tech- search in latest the includes site The 1996. since r change areas, a distributed Ethernet network of artificial neural networks for estimating the dynamic the estimating for networks neural artificial optimization of a coordinated–actuated traffic signal traffic coordinated–actuated a of optimization tions needs, railroad-preempted intersections, three- intersections, railroad-preempted needs, tions sensitivity, cycle length performance measures, and measures, performance length cycle sensitivity, ified Lottman test; noise and friction of dense-graded of friction and noise test; Lottman ified ity and advance warning flasher system at high-speed at system flasher warning advance and ity the American Association of State Highway and traffic signals, traffic signal maintenance a maintenance signal traffic signals, traffic Tr Tra analysis of hot-mix asphalt cracking; micromechan- cracking; asphalt hot-mix of analysis scopic modeling of traffic signal operations, a local operations, signal of traffic modeling scopic modulus of asphalt concrete; and more. and concrete; asphalt of modulus $70. Subscriber category: materials and construction. and materials category: Subscriber $70. intersections, red intersections, light running micro- prediction, Papers on subjects including green time at congested at time green including subjects on Papers Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO) T-283, the mod- the T-283, (AASHTO) Officials’ Transportation field low-temperature modeling; asphalt hot-mix ical system are presented, along with bicyclist intersec- with bicyclist along presented, are system Bituminous Materials and Mixtures 2009, Materials and Mixtures Bituminous 2 Volume T synchronization control scheme for congested inter- congested for scheme control synchronization asphalt, asphalt, stone matrix asphalt, and porous friction dimensional mapping of inductive loop detector to control traffic of optimization times, crossing tion reduce reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, The 20 papers in The 20 this papers course; bonding of hot-mix asphalt and concrete sur- concrete and asphalt hot-mix of bonding course; optimization of field signal timing signal field of optimization performance and laboratory testing; the refinement the testing; laboratory and performance mixture asphalt an by determined as numbers flow of fracture resistance of Illinois hot-mix asphalt overlay asphalt hot-mix Illinois of resistance fracture manent manent mixtures; an effective temperature for analysis of per- of analysis for temperature effective an mixtures; faces; the energy ratio concept as a predictor of top- of predictor a as concept ratio energy the faces; performance performance tester; long-lasting asphalt mixtures; down cracking; low design temperatures of asphalt temperatures design low cracking; down pavements in dry- alt pavement ys, the macroscopic (continued) tegory: highway operations, capac- operations, highway tegory: ycling ycling behavior; an activity-based nsportation Research Record 2125 Record Research nsportation 2009; 43 pp.; TRB affiliates, $35.25; nonaffiliates, $35.25; 43 2009; pp.; TRB affiliates, 2009; 256 pp.; TRB affiliates, $59.25; nonaffiliates, $59.25; affiliates, TRB pp.; 256 2009; 2009; 160 pp.; TRB affiliates, $49.50; nonaffiliates, $49.50; affiliates, TRB pp.; 160 2009; ansportation Research Record 2126 Record Research ansportation a r ocial Equity, Gender Issues, and Mobility ocial Equity, ndurance limit of hot-mix asphalt, forensic analysis forensic asphalt, hot-mix of limit ndurance e private mobility for low-income households; gender households; low-income for mobility private characteristics, and traffic simulation models are rogate performance indicator for the control of ther- of control the for indicator performance rogate Bituminous Materials and Mixtures 2009, Bituminous Materials and Mixtures 1 Volume T of reflective cracking on an Interstate highway, a sur- a highway, Interstate an on cracking reflective of difference difference in bic developed area of Japan. of area developed $47. Subscriber category: planning and administration. and planning category: Subscriber $47. following and lane-changing models, traffic flow Bond strength of tack coat materials, the fatigue explored in this volume, with papers on modeling mal cracking, intrinsic healing properties of asphalt of properties healing intrinsic cracking, mal explore explore the mitigation of diesel truck impacts in effects of multianticipative driving, a procedure for S analysis of traffic flow on ring road expressways in binders, and asphalt binder creep and recovery tests recovery and creep binder asphalt and binders, ity, and traffic control. traffic and ity, Tr Simulation Models 2009 Transportation Research Record 2124 a oscillations, traffic freeway of features the Beijing, TRB PUBLICATIONS Traffic Flow Theory, Characteristics, and calibrating the Gipps car-following model, the influ- model of women’s activity-travel patterns; and chil- and patterns; activity-travel women’s of model process on congested freewa acceleration decisions for freeway merges, stop-and- mixes, moisture damage in warm-mix asphalt con- asphalt in warm-mix damage moisture mixes, asphalt warm-mix foamed moist aggregate, taining and mobility in transportation, with papers that environmental environmental justice communities; public versus Authors investigate Authors issues investigate of gender, social equity, ence of on various restrictions models, speed–flow an Traffic flow theory and modeling techniques, car- traffic microscopic for methodology calibration new projects, a higher specification for reclaimed asphalt reclaimed for specification higher a projects, are examined in this volume, along with crumb rub- crumb with along volume, this in examined are dren’s travel dren’s patterns and exercise in a rail-based, go traffic patterns, an analysis of the breakdown $79. Subscriber ca Subscriber $79. simulation, and more. and simulation, pavement, and other subjects. other and pavement, ber and fiber-modified bituminous mixes, field per- field mixes, bituminous fiber-modified and ber $66. Subscriber category: materials and construction. and materials category: Subscriber $66. formance testing of reclaimed asph BOOK TRB PUBLICATIONS (continued) SHELF

advanced pedestrian signals, traffic scenarios for process utility impacts are assessed and relocation large arterial networks, green-extension policies, and decisions made; what policies, regulations, manu- a safety evaluation for intergreen intervals at signal- als, and guidelines are used; and how design deci- ized intersections. sions are influenced by utilities. 2009; 235 pp.; TRB affiliates, $56.25; nonaffiliates, 2010; 44 pp.; TRB affiliates, $28.50 ; nonaffiliates, $75. Subscriber category: highway operations, capac- $38. Subscriber categories: design; highways. ity, and traffic control. Current Practices in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Median Intersection Design for Rural Savings from Transit High-Speed Divided Highways TCRP Synthesis 84 NCHRP Report 650 Data were gathered from a sample of transit agen- Crashes on rural divided highways typically cluster cies—via a literature review, survey, and interviews— at intersections. Transportation agencies have imple- to determine the role of transit agencies in reducing mented treatments to reduce the crash frequency greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Public trans- and severity; many of the treatments are relatively portation can displace emissions from other modes new and have only been installed at a few sites. This by reducing private vehicle miles traveled, cutting report examines innovative geometric and opera- on-road congestion, and facilitating compact devel- tional treatments and their application in the field. opment patterns. Transit agencies also can reduce Ten case studies illustrate common safety issues at their own GHG emissions; according to the synthe- median intersections on rural divided highways, ana- sis, every agency that responded to the survey is lyze causal factors, and identify effective ways to planning to do so. improve safety. 2010; 78 pp.; TRB affiliates, $36.75; nonaffiliates, 2010; 158 pp.; TRB affiliates, $46.50; nonaffiliates, $49. Subscriber categories: energy; environment; pub- $62. Subscriber categories: highways; design; safety lic transportation. and human factors. Reference Guide on Understanding Common Use LRFD Design and Construction of Shallow at Airports Foundations for Highway Bridge Structures ACRP Report 30 NCHRP Report 651 Designed to help airports and airlines explore the This report studies recommended changes to Section integration of common use in their operations, this 10 of the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor reference guide outlines financial, operational, lia- Design (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications for the bility, safety, customer service, and competitive ele- strength limit state design of shallow foundations. ments of a common-use approach for airport The current specifications were calibrated using a facilities and services. An accompanying CD-ROM combination of reliability theory, allowable stress includes spreadsheet models and provides an alter- design, and engineering judgment. Large databases native approach to the information in the reference of tested foundations were needed to facilitate LRFD guide. parameter evaluation; this research is the first to 2010; 232 pp.; TRB affiliates, $58.50; nonaffiliates, introduce large-scale, reliability-based design cali- $78. Subscriber category: aviation. bration of shallow foundations using databases. 2010; 139 pp.; TRB affiliates, $42.75; nonaffiliates, Airport Revenue Diversification $57. Subscriber categories: highways; bridges and other ACRP Synthesis 19 structures; geotechnology. Different sources of revenue for airports are explored, separating core aeronautical revenue from ancillary Utility Location and Highway Design revenues. Drawing from a literature review and NCHRP Synthesis 405 expert interviews, this volume also examines ways in To order TRB titles In highway design planning, a compromise must be which airports have diversified their activities, and described in Bookshelf, reached between relocation of all above- and below- highlights the challenges that arise when nonaero- visit the TRB online ground utilities in the area and leaving all the utili- nautical activity is proposed on land subject to Fed- Bookstore, at ties in place. Such a compromise can result in eral Aviation Administration grants, obligations, and www.TRB.org/book- substantial savings in cost, impacts, and time. This assurances. store/, or contact the Business Office at 202- synthesis surveys practices used by transportation 2010; 55 pp.; TRB affiliates, $30.75; nonaffiliates, TR NEWS 270 2010 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 334-3213. agencies for the consideration of utilities during the $41. Subscriber categories: aviation; finance. 48 project development process—at what point in the INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS TO TR NEWS

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Foreign news articles should articles and for obtaining written permissions from pub - describe projects or methods that have universal instead of lishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously local application. published or copyrighted material used in the articles. Transportation Research Board 90th Annual Meeting Washington, D.C. • January 23–27, 2011

Transportation, Livability, and Economic Development in a Changing World

The global economic downturn and continuing fiscal uncertainties are changing the context in which transportation programs are planned and implemented. National attention recently has focused on the concept of livable communities and how to promote them. Spotlight sessions at TRB’s 90th Annual Meeting will examine the synergies among transportation programs, livability, and economic development—and how the interactions could contribute to a more sustainable future. Plan now to • Network with more than 10,000 • Explore livability and economic • Discover what federal, state, regional, and transportation professionals; development issues from the perspectives local transportation agencies are doing— of all transportation modes and a range of and can do—to address these issues. • Take advantage of 3,000-plus stakeholders and subject-matter experts; presentations in approximately 600 sessions and specialty workshops; • Examine how recent developments and NEW—All TRB Annual Meeting registrants will receive changing contexts may affect complimentary access to • Learn from nearly 150 exhibitors transportation policy making, planning, showcasing a variety of transportation- presentations and to more than design, construction, operations, and 40 recorded e-sessions. related products and services; maintenance; and

Register before November 30, 2010, to take advantage of lower fees. For information, visit www.TRB.org/AnnualMeeting.