DOCSLIB.ORG

Microsoft Auto Platform Overview

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Microsoft Auto Platform Overview A Technical Companion to Microsoft Auto 4.0 Proven technology adapted for the automotive industry Published: September 2009 For the latest information, please see: www.microsoft.com/auto Abstract Microsoft, working in partnership with the automotive industry, has developed Microsoft® Auto 4.0, an industry-leading platform for communication, entertainment, navigation, and connected services. Microsoft Auto 4.0, the newest generation of embedded operating systems from Microsoft, is designed specifically for developing state-of-the-art, in-vehicle infotainment systems. It offers a standardized, industry-proven platform for building communication, entertainment, and service- enabled location-based solutions. This release includes a large set of integrated, tested, and flexible middleware components, as well as the hundreds of components that are available with Windows® Embedded CE 6.0 R2. These components enable Microsoft Auto–based systems to scale across a broad range of automotive makes and models. By capitalizing on these tools and on the broad Microsoft partner ecosystem, suppliers can reduce development costs and speed time-to-market while extending customers' lifestyles into the vehicles that they drive. Table of Contents TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... 4 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................... 5 THE BUSINESS CASE FOR MICROSOFT AUTO 4.0 ...................................................................................... 6 THE INFOTAINMENT MARKET OPPORTUNITY ......................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCING MICROSOFT AUTO ....................................................................................................................... 7 Benefits of Microsoft Auto ...................................................................................................................... 8 Microsoft Auto Service Center and Module ............................................................................................ 9 MICROSOFT: THE RIGHT PARTNER FOR YOU ....................................................................................................... 10 ABOUT US: MICROSOFT AUTOMOTIVE BUSINESS UNIT AND ECOSYSTEMS ................................................................ 11 Microsoft Auto Development Ecosystem .............................................................................................. 12 Microsoft Engineering ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Partner Response Team ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Automotive Business Unit Partner Ecosystem ...................................................................................... 12 SUCCESS STORIES: MICROSOFT AUTO ON THE ROAD ............................................................................................ 13 Fiat Blue&Me ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Ford SYNC ............................................................................................................................................. 15 Continental Multi Media Platform ........................................................................................................ 16 AWARDS FOR MICROSOFT AUTO ...................................................................................................................... 16 DEEP DIVE INTO MICROSOFT AUTO 4.0 .................................................................................................. 17 MICROSOFT AUTO 4.0 COMPONENTS: THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS ...................................................................... 17 Hardware Design .................................................................................................................................. 18 Board Support Package and Systems ................................................................................................... 19 Boot Loaders for Microsoft Auto 4.0 ................................................................................................................. 20 Power Management .......................................................................................................................................... 22 Audio Arbitration and Management .................................................................................................................. 23 Networking ........................................................................................................................................................ 25 Operating System ................................................................................................................................. 27 Functions of the Base Operating System Layer ................................................................................................. 28 Features of Windows Embedded CE 6.0 R2 ....................................................................................................... 28 Middleware and Services ...................................................................................................................... 30 Telephony and Data Communication ................................................................................................................ 30 Bluetooth Connectivity ...................................................................................................................................... 33 Hands-Free Phone ............................................................................................................................................. 36 Connection Manager ......................................................................................................................................... 39 Entertainment.................................................................................................................................................... 41 Device Management .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Security .............................................................................................................................................................. 45 Reliability ........................................................................................................................................................... 48 Microsoft Auto Services ..................................................................................................................................... 49 Human–Machine Interface ................................................................................................................... 51 Human–Machine Interface Layer ...................................................................................................................... 51 Speech Service ................................................................................................................................................... 51 Display ............................................................................................................................................................... 52 DELIVERING A MICROSOFT AUTO 4.0–BASED SOLUTION ....................................................................... 54 PLATFORM BUILDER FOR WINDOWS EMBEDDED CE 6.0 R2 .................................................................................. 54 Platform Builder Catalog ...................................................................................................................... 55 Platform Customization ........................................................................................................................ 55 VISUAL STUDIO 2005 .................................................................................................................................... 56 DEVELOPMENT HARDWARE ............................................................................................................................. 56 Microsoft Auto 4.0 Platform Overview PLATFORM DEVELOPMENT KIT ......................................................................................................................... 56 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................. 57 FLEXIBLE ...................................................................................................................................................... 57 RELIABLE ...................................................................................................................................................... 57 CONNECTED ................................................................................................................................................. 58 PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZED .............................................................................................................................. 58 APPENDIX 1: MICROSOFT AUTO 4.0 FEATURES .....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Use of Microsoft Visual Studio Express Edition and Directx to Simulate Movements of a Colony of Penguins That Must Be Tagged for a Science Mission Education
    Use of Microsoft Visual Studio Express Edition and DirectX to Simulate Movements of a Colony of Penguins that must be tagged for a Science Mission Education Sandy Harrison (WSSU), Tushar Majithia (Mentor), Spencer Weeks- Jamieson, Jasmin Rivers (ECSU), Terrance Mason (MVSU), Dr. Arvin Agah (Mentor) (KU) igloos to the snow, the game itself displays a Abstract- type of climate that some penguins live in. In developing this game, the team is specifying, Students begin to take a general interest designing, implementing, and testing the in becoming scientists or engineers at early stages software. Some of the programs that the team in their life, such as the middle school level. It is utilized were C++, VC++ Express 2005 Edition imperative that they are targeted at this point in compiler, and Microsoft Platform SDK their lives to be encouraged to pursue their (Software Development Kit). This project education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. The dilemma is how consisted of upgrading a previously developed to get young scholars interested in STEM areas? game. While using C++ in the aspect of Our proposed tool is an educational and programming, we modified the previous entertaining video game, as a vast number of young program's features with realistic graphics. This students tend to play video games everyday. Our modification would enrich it with a realistic goal is to combine education and fun into a game in perspective that would better serve our primary order to teach the players about polar research. objective. To validate if middle school students The objective of this URE Summer project is to would enjoy this game, we used the 2007 enhance an existing video game to educate young CReSIS Middle School Program students as students on the Polar Regions including challenges that scientists face.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft Software License Terms for a Virtual Hard Disk Image of Evaluation Copies of the Microsoft Products Identified in Exhibit A
    MICROSOFT SOFTWARE LICENSE TERMS FOR A VIRTUAL HARD DISK IMAGE OF EVALUATION COPIES OF THE MICROSOFT PRODUCTS IDENTIFIED IN EXHIBIT A These license terms are an agreement between Microsoft Corporation (or based on where you live, one of its affiliates) and you. Please read them. They apply to the evaluation software named above, which includes the media on which you received it, if any. The terms also apply to any Microsoft Internet-based services for this software. BY ACCESSING OR USING THE SOFTWARE, YOU ACCEPT THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THIS AGREEMENT, YOU MAY NOT ACCESS OR USE THE SOFTWARE. AS DESCRIBED BELOW, USING SOME FEATURES ALSO OPERATES AS YOUR CONSENT TO THE TRANSMISSION OF CERTAIN STANDARD COMPUTER INFORMATION FOR INTERNET-BASED SERVICES. If you comply with this agreement, you have the rights below. 1. ACCESS AND USE RIGHTS. The terms of this agreement supersede the terms of any Microsoft software license term agreement that you may encounter in this software. You may use the Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) formats, including Microsoft Virtual PC or Microsoft Virtual Server. You may use the software only to demonstrate and internally evaluate it. You may not use the software in a live operating environment. The software is licensed as a single piece of software. You may not separate its component parts. You may access or use on more than one device. The Exceptions and Additional Terms for Particular Products as included in Exhibit A. 2. INTERNET-BASED SERVICES. Microsoft may provide Internet-based services with the software. It may change or cancel them at any time.
    [Show full text]
  • Equipements À Courte Portée Et À Faible Puissance (ECPF) Au 25/03/2020
    Equipements à Courte Portée et à Faible Puissance (ECPF) au 25/03/2020 N° Date Date Nom commerciale Marque Modèle Fabricant Type Demandeur ordre d'Homologation d'expiration 1 433 MHz RKE & TPMS BCM family 760 00 00 Lear Corporation Holding Spain, Récepteur intégré dans un CONSULT IT ! Integrated Receiver into an variante (D : DV6T- S.L.U Global Electrical & 12/07/2013 11/07/2018 module de contrôle SARL automotive Body Control Module 14A073) Electronics 2 802,11 b/g/n RTL8723BE Combo Dispositif de Transmission CONSULT IT ! REALTEK RTL 8723BE Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 12/07/2013 11/07/2018 module de données SARL 3 Objet de détection radar Electronically Scanned Radar pour la sécurité et la CONSULT IT ! DELPHI L2C0051TR Delphi Electronics &. Safety 12/07/2013 11/07/2018 version 2,5 (ESR 2,5) commodité dans des SARL véhicules 4 IAM 2.1 Level 2 Alpine IAM 2.1 Level 2 Alpine InC Module Sans fil 31/07/2013 30/07/2018 Approval Team 5 Fujitsu Technology Solutions CONSULT IT ! Car audio Fujitsu FT0057A Autoradio 22/08/2013 21/08/2018 GmbH SARL 6 CONSULT IT ! Radio Smart Wireless Gateway Rosemont Rosemont 1410 Rosemont Inc. Passerelle sans fil 22/08/2013 21/08/2018 SARL 7 Passive Entry System (Tuner) Nissan TWC1G154 Nissan Equipement passif 30/08/2013 29/08/2018 O-SAT 8 Passive Entry System (Tuner) Nissan TPMS/KEYLESS TUNER Nissan Clé sans fil pour vehicule 30/08/2013 29/08/2018 O-SAT 9 Passive Entry System (Tuner) Nissan TWB1U752 Nissan Clé sans fil pour vehicule 30/08/2013 29/08/2018 O-SAT 10 Passive Entry System (Tuner) Nissan TWk1A002 Nissan Clé sans fil pour vehicule 30/08/2013 29/08/2018 O-SAT 11 Automotive Electronicis Jonhson Controls MAZDA GEN 65 CMU Jonhson Controls Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia Department of Transportation Automated Traffic Signal
    Georgia Department of Transportation Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures Installation Manual Prepared for: Georgia Department of Transportation 600 West Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, Georgia 30308 Prepared by: Atkins North America 1600 RiverEdge Parkway, NW Suite 600 Atlanta, GA 30328 Special Thanks to the Utah Department of Transportation: 2/23/2017 Document Control Panel File Name: ATSPM_Installation_Manual.docx Version No.: Created By: Philip Blaiklock, Atkins Date of First Submission: Updated By: Client Comments Received: Revision History Control Panel CREATED BY: Philip Blaiklock, Atkins David Bremer, Atkins Brian Ritchson, Atkins REVIEWED BY: Ron Meyer, Atkins 12/13/2016 TECHNICAL REVIEW: Mark Taylor, UDOT Jamie Mackey, UDOT Shane Johnson, UDOT Derek Lowe, UDOT MODIFIED BY: COMPLETED BY: 2 3 Table of Contents 1. Prerequisites 7 1.1. Server Requirements 7 1.2. Other Requirements 8 2. New Install Procedure 8 2.1. Create the Website using IIS 8 2.2. Launch Website and Populate Database 10 2.3. Set up Regions 11 2.4. Set up User Accounts 12 2.5. Configure Signals, Approaches, and Routes 12 2.6. Configure the “Generate Add Data Script” Component 13 2.7. Create Web Services 15 2.8. Install the “Import Controller Logs” Component(s) 16 2.8.1. Install the “FTPFromAllControllers” component 16 2.8.2. Install the “GetMaxTimeRecords” Component 17 2.9. Install the “Decode and Import” Component(s) 17 2.9.1. Install the “DecodeAndImportASC3Logs” Component 17 2.9.2. Install the “DecodePeekLogs” Component 18 2.9.3. Install the “DecodeSiemensLogs” Component 18 2.9.4. Install the “DecodeTrafficwareLogs” Component 19 2.10.
    [Show full text]
  • General Subtitling FAQ's
    General Subtitling FAQ’s What's the difference between open and closed captions? Open captions are sometimes referred to as ‘burnt-in’ or ‘in-vision’ subtitles. They are generally encoded as a permanent part of the video image. Closed captions is a generic term for subtitles that are viewer-selectable and is generally used for subtitles that are transmitted as a discrete data stream in the VBI then decoded and displayed as text by the TV receiver e.g. Line 21 Closed Captioning system in the USA, and Teletext subtitles, using line 335, in Europe. What's the difference between "live" and "offline" subtitling? Live subtitling is the real-time captioning of live programmes, typically news and sports. This is achieved by using either Speech Recognition systems or Stenographic (Steno) keyboards. Offline subtitling is created by viewing previously recorded material. Typically this produces better results because the subtitle author can ensure they produce An accurate translation/transcription with no spelling mistakes Subtitles are timed to coincide precisely with the dialogue Subtitles are positioned to avoid obscuring other important onscreen features Which Speech Recognition packages do Starfish support? Starfish supports Speech Recognition packages from IBM and Dragon and other suppliers who confirm to the Microsoft Speech API. The choice of the software is usually dictated by the availability of a specific language. Starfish Technologies Ltd FAQ General FAQ’s What's the difference between subtitling and captioning? The use of these terms varies in different parts of the world. Subtitling often refers to the technique of using open captions for language translation of foreign programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendrical Calculations: Third Edition
    Notes and Errata for Calendrical Calculations: Third Edition Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold Cambridge University Press, 2008 4:00am, July 24, 2013 Do I contradict myself ? Very well then I contradict myself. (I am large, I contain multitudes.) —Walt Whitman: Song of Myself All those complaints that they mutter about. are on account of many places I have corrected. The Creator knows that in most cases I was misled by following. others whom I will spare the embarrassment of mention. But even were I at fault, I do not claim that I reached my ultimate perfection from the outset, nor that I never erred. Just the opposite, I always retract anything the contrary of which becomes clear to me, whether in my writings or my nature. —Maimonides: Letter to his student Joseph ben Yehuda (circa 1190), Iggerot HaRambam, I. Shilat, Maaliyot, Maaleh Adumim, 1987, volume 1, page 295 [in Judeo-Arabic] Cuiusvis hominis est errare; nullius nisi insipientis in errore perseverare. [Any man can make a mistake; only a fool keeps making the same one.] —Attributed to Marcus Tullius Cicero If you find errors not given below or can suggest improvements to the book, please send us the details (email to [email protected] or hard copy to Edward M. Reingold, Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 West 31st Street, Suite 236, Chicago, IL 60616-3729 U.S.A.). If you have occasion to refer to errors below in corresponding with the authors, please refer to the item by page and line numbers in the book, not by item number.
    [Show full text]
  • Top 10 Windows 7 Desktop Gadgets May 28, 2010 by Debra Littlejohn Shinder, MVP Way Back in 2008, I Wrote an Article Titled the Top 10 Vista Sidebar Gadgets
    Top 10 Windows 7 desktop gadgets May 28, 2010 By Debra Littlejohn Shinder, MVP Way back in 2008, I wrote an article titled The top 10 Vista Sidebar Gadgets. Now it's 2010 and I'm running Windows 7, and although I still use most of the gadgets I was using back then, I've also discovered a few new ones that deserve mention. Here are my favorites. 1: All CPU Meter The gadget I used to monitor my dual-core computer running Vista wasn't available in a quad-core version, so I switched to All CPU Meter (Figure A). It supports up to eight cores (so I have room to grow). All CPU Meter isn't as complex as some, but the simplicity works in its favor. It monitors your memory usage as well as CPUs, and it packs a lot of information into a small space. I also like that you can change the Figure A background color to match your preferences. 2: Windows Orb Clock During all the time I used Vista and the first year I used Windows 7, my analog clock gadget of choice was the electric blue version of the one that comes with the operating system. But now I've switched to a much cooler model: the Vista Orb Clock (Figure B). Of course, the same orb is also on the Windows 7 Start menu. I love its clean look and the nice symmetry of having it just across from my Start Menu orb (since I have my Taskbar set to the vertical position.
    [Show full text]
  • Speech Recognition Technology for Disabilities Education
    J. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS, Vol. 33(2) 173-184, 2004-2005 SPEECH RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY FOR DISABILITIES EDUCATION K. WENDY TANG GILBERT ENG RIDHA KAMOUA WEI CHERN CHU VICTOR SUTAN GUOFENG HOU OMER FAROOQ Stony Brook University, New York ABSTRACT Speech recognition is an alternative to traditional methods of interacting with a computer, such as textual input through a keyboard. An effective system can replace or reduce the reliability on standard keyboard and mouse input. This can especially assist dyslexic students who have problems with character or word use and manipulation in a textual form; and students with physical disabilities that affect their data entry or ability to read, and therefore to check, what they have entered. In this article, we summarize the current state of available speech recognition technologies and describe a student project that integrates speech recognition technologies with Personal Digital Assistants to provide a cost-effective and portable health monitoring system for people with disabilities. We are hopeful that this project may inspire more student-led projects for disabilities education. 1. INTRODUCTION Speech recognition allows “hands-free” control of various electronic devices. It is particularly advantageous to physically disabled persons. Speech recognition can be used in computers to control the system, launch applications, and create “print-ready” dictation and thus provide easy access to persons with hearing or 173 Ó 2004, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc. 174 / TANG ET AL. vision impairments. For example, a hearing impaired person can use a microphone to capture another’s speech and then use speech recognition technologies to convert the speech to text.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing Microsoft ASP.NET Applications by Douglas J
    Designing Microsoft ASP.NET Applications by Douglas J. Reilly ISBN: 0735613486 Microsoft Press © 2002 (402 pages) Move beyond simple ASP scripting --and learn how to build sophisticated Web applicatons with ASP.NET. Companion Web Site Table of Contents Designing Microsoft ASP.NET Applications Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1 - Introduction to ASP.NET Development Chapter 2 - Managed Code and the Common Language Runtime Chapter 3 - The .NET Framework Objects and Languages Chapter 4 - ASP.NET Development 101 Chapter 5 - Web Forms Chapter 6 - Creating ASP.NET Components Chapter 7 - Balancing Server and Client Functionality Chapter 8 - Time to Get the Data Chapter 9 - Data and ASP.NET Forms Chapter 10 - XML Web Services Appendix A - Configuring ASP.NET Applications in IIS Appendix B - What You Need to Know About HTML to Use This Book Index List of Figures List of Tables List of Listings List of Sidebars Designing Microsoft ASP.NET Applications Douglas J. Reilly PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press A Division of Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright © 2002 by Douglas J. Reilly All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reilly, Douglas J. Designing Microsoft ASP.NET Applications / Douglas J. Reilly. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-7356-1348-6 1. Internet programming. 2. Active server pages. 3. Web servers. I. Title. QA76.625 .R45 2001 005.2’76—dc21 2001051310 Printed and bound in the United States of America.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft Auto 4.0 Datasheet
    Driving Connectivity Microsoft Auto provides a flexible, robust, high performance infotainment platform that enables you to: Create innovative, differentiated solutions for your customers Reduce development cost and shorten time to market Keep your vehicles up-to-date with support for the latest technology 1 Welcome and Foreword The automotive industry is at an inflection point, where software plus services will redefine the future of the in-vehicle experience, and innovation is the new currency. This innovation goes beyond the features and scenarios enabled inside the vehicle cabin, it creates new vehicle ownership scenarios enabled on the web, the PC, and the mobile phone, and extends the relationship with the customer beyond the point of sale. These new scenarios require innovation in the business models and design and engineering processes used to bring breakthrough products to market. Consumers are expecting more from their vehicle systems, and from the level of integration those systems have with their other electronic devices and services. The key challenge facing automakers is how to bring these innovative solutions to their customers quickly and affordably, while maintaining a competitive edge and differentiation. The Microsoft Auto platform and Microsoft Auto Services are the critical components needed to deliver end to end scenarios on that challenge. Automakers face many challenges today, from competitive pressure and cost pressure at every point in the supply chain, to globalization of manufacturing and ensuring global applicability of solutions, and in marketing solutions in new and creative ways to sell cars faster. Microsoft is partnering with the automotive infotainment industry deeply to help address these challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Solution 6: Drag and Drop 169
    06_0132344815_ch06.qxd 10/16/07 11:41 AM Page 167 SolutionSolution 1: Drag and Drop 167 6 Drag and Drop The ultimate in user interactivity, drag and drop is taken for granted in desktop appli- cations but is a litmus test of sorts for web applications: If you can easily implement drag and drop with your web application framework, then you know you’ve got something special. Until now, drag and drop for web applications has, for the most part, been limited to specialized JavaScript frameworks such as Script.aculo.us and Rico.1 No more. With the advent of GWT, we have drag-and-drop capabilities in a Java-based web applica- tion framework. Although GWT does not explicitly support drag and drop (drag and drop is an anticipated feature in the future), it provides us with all the necessary ingre- dients to make our own drag-and-drop module. In this solution, we explore drag-and-drop implementation with GWT. We implement drag and drop in a module of its own so that you can easily incorporate drag and drop into your applications. Stuff You’re Going to Learn This solution explores the following aspects of GWT: • Implementing composite widgets with the Composite class (page 174) • Removing widgets from panels (page 169) • Changing cursors for widgets with CSS styles (page 200) • Implementing a GWT module (page 182) • Adding multiple listeners to a widget (page 186) • Using the AbsolutePanel class to place widgets by pixel location (page 211) • Capturing and releasing events for a specific widget (page 191) • Using an event preview to inhibit browser reactions to events (page 196) 1 See http://www.script.aculo.us and http://openrico.org for more information about Script.aculo.us and Rico, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,143,405 B2 Liu Et Al
    USOO7143405B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,143,405 B2 Liu et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 28, 2006 (54) METHODS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR 6,457,175 B1* 9/2002 Lerche ....................... 717/172 MANAGING DEVICES FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Jun Liu, Bellevue, WA (US); EP 11 SO 207 10, 2001 Sureshkumar Natarajan, Redmond, WA (US); Vladimir Rovinsky, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Redmond, WA (US); John M. Hollingsworth et al. “Using Content Derived Names for Configu Parchen, Seattle, WA (US); Soemin ration Management'; 1997: ACM; pp. 104-109. Tjong, Redmond, WA (US) Stuart, Linda; 'NetWare Mobile Extends Network to off-line Users' Info Canada v21, Novell's Remote Access Software Product (73) Assignee: Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA Announcement, Feb. 1996, p. 13. (US)US (Continued) (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Primary Examiner Tuan Dam patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Assistant Examiner Chuck Kendall U.S.C. 154(b) by 905 days. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Lee & Hayes, PLLC (21) Appl. No.: 09/755,874 (57) ABSTRACT (22) Filed: Jan. 5, 2001 Improved methods and arrangements are provided for updat O O ing Software and other data in managed devices. The meth (65) Prior Publication Data ods and arrangements provide for a failsafe upgrade to all of US 2002/0092O11 A1 Jul. 11, 2002 the code and any data in the managed device, including any code or data used to provide Such upgrades. For example, a (51) Int. Cl. method for providing software to a device is provided that G06F 9/44 (2006.01) includes identifying essential software within the device: G06F 15/177 (2006.01) essential Software including Software necessary to operate (52) U.S.
    [Show full text]