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Summer 2021 Expanding Horizons THE MAGAZINE OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SUMMER 2021 EXPANDING HORIZONS THE GROUND ENGINEERING INSAR REVOLUTION CITIZEN FRESH SUBSURFACE SOCIAL SCIENCE GROUND SCIENCE VOLCANOLOGY Breathing fresh life Finding Earth science Subsurface research Q&A: the Saint into geoscience in a coffee cup labs and net zero Vincent eruption SUMMER 2021 VOL. 31 | NO. 02 Editor’s welcome S I WRITE, at pace, promising news a helicopter of a malaria vaccine The magazine of the Geological Society of London A just took off has just broken, and the and landed on Mars. Biden administration The Geological Society Trustees of the Geological A helicopter! On Mars! has announced that the Burlington House Society of London Stories like this make US will work to halve Piccadilly 2020-2021 me think of a response emissions by 2030. London W1J 0BG Dr Michael Daly (President) I saw once – I’ve long Optimism seems to T +44 (0)20 7434 9944 Mrs Joanna Alexander forgotten when and who from – to be in the wind – I’m writing this [email protected] Mr Thomas Backhouse a complaint about a lack of wifi on outside a café, in the real world, (Not for Editorial – Please Mr Andrew Bloodworth a long-haul flight. “You’re sitting in wearing sunglasses! Underneath contact the Editor) Mr John Booth (Vice a chair, thousands of feet above the it, though, there remains a ripple President) ground, travelling at hundreds of of uncertainty and unease. The Publishing House Dr Jennie Gilbert miles an hour – and you’re unhappy pandemic continues to spread The Geological Society Dr Joel Gill (Secretary, about the wifi?!” rapidly in many parts of the world, Publishing House, Unit 7 Foreign & External Affairs) It’s easy to take science and its and our hesitant emergence Brassmill Enterprise Centre Mr Graham Goffey (Treasurer) miracles – I do think we can call from months of lockdown feels Brassmill Lane Dr Kathryn Goodenough them that, the true, real-world fraught with uncertainty, as well as Bath BA1 3JN Prof James Griffiths miracles of the modern era – for optimism, about what lies ahead. T +44 (0)1225 445046 (Secretary, Professional granted. Never more so than in the Fellows may well be feeling E [email protected] Matters) past year, when we’ve witnessed a similar mix of optimism and Dr Michael Kehinde the extraordinary development uncertainty in relation to their Library Prof Chris King of coronavirus vaccines at vastly Society and its future. In the last T +44 (0)20 7432 0999 Mr Andrew Moore accelerated speeds in what, to my issue, we reported news of the E [email protected] Prof Bryne Ngwenya mind, is one of the most amazing Society’s campaign to remain at Dr John Perry scientific achievements of our age. Burlington House, where we’ve EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Mr Nicholas Reynolds (Vice been based since 1874. The Prof. Andy Fleet President) situation remains unresolved, DEPUTY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Mrs Sarah Scott and with it, as reported in this Mr David Shilston Ms Gemma Sherwood We’re grateful issue, comes uncertainty over a EXECUTIVE EDITOR: Miss Jessica Smith to all of you who’ve future home for our extensive and Dr Amy Whitchurch (Vice President) taken the time to valuable Library collections. At the EDITOR: Dr Helen Smyth get in touch with us same time a new Open Access Ms Sarah Day Prof Robin Strachan Journal, a vibrant programme E [email protected] (Secretary, Publications) with feedback for the 2021 Year of Space, the Dr Alexander Whittaker reopening of our Library to visitors EDITORIAL ADVISORY (Secretary, Science) and a whole host of other good PANEL Mrs Lucy Williams And now they’ve gone and flown a news stories in this issue speak to Mrs Natalyn Ala Dr Keith Myers (co-opted helicopter on Mars. an optimistic future. Mr Steve Branch – Treasurer designate) In our summer issue, Jennifer There’s been a lot of changes to Dr Robin Cocks Scoular and colleagues report on this magazine as well – and we’re Dr Howard Falcon-Lang The Geological Society the development and potential of grateful to all of you who’ve taken Dr Hazel Gibson of London is a Registered InSAR – a radar technique with the the time to get in touch with us with Prof. Tony Harris Charity, number 210161. potential to measure millimetre- feedback, from enthusiastic thumbs Mr Edmund Nickless ISSN (print) 0961-5628 scale changes in deformation, up to constructive suggestions. Dr Alan Roberts ISSN (online) 2045-1784 with applications ranging from Rest assured, we’re taking the latter Prof. Peter Styles monitoring of natural hazards on board, and we’re delighted by Dr Colin Summerhayes Subscriptions: for non- to tunnelling projects. Like the the former! In the meantime, don’t Prof. Frances Wall member subscriptions, please figure sitting in a chair in the sky, forget an important part of our Dr Jan Zalasiewicz contact the Publishing House. worrying about wifi, it’s incredible role as an editorially independent to think that there are satellites magazine is to provide a forum for Cover image: View of the London skyline beyond the Earth’s atmosphere Fellows to feedback on the Society with the ability to detect the tiniest more broadly – if you have any Geoscientist is published four times per year on behalf of changes, down to millimetres, on questions, concerns or comments The Geological Society of London by the Earth’s surface. about any of the above, please do www.jamespembrokemedia.co.uk Meanwhile, back on Earth, further get in touch. miracles are occurring. The UK’s © 2021 The Geological Society of London vaccination programme continues SARAH DAY, EDITOR GEOSCIENTIST.ONLINE | SUMMER 2021 3 CONTENTS VOL. 32 | NO. 02 | SUMMER 2021 UNEARTHED 19 24 3 EDITOR’S WELCOME 40 FRESH GROUND 6 Finding Earth science NEWS in a coffee cup Updates from the Society and the community 42 SAFEGUARDING RIGHTS 19 Recommendations for protecting VIEWPOINT indigenous rights Physical fitness in geology, geodiversity, testing text and more 44 SCIENCE IN THE 32 SUBSURFACE FEATURES Subsurface research laboratories 24 and net zero EXPANDING HORIZONS The InSAR revolution in ground 46 engineering SOCIAL VOLCANOLOGY AT SAINT VINCENT Q&A with Jazmin Scarlett on 32 the eruption of La Soufrière BREATHING FRESH LIFE INTO GEOSCIENCE A citizen science project in Nepal REGULARS 48 38 BOOKS & ARTS YORK TO TENBY Latest recommendations The advantages of 19th century train travel 51 OBITUARIES John R. L. Allen, Paul Francis Worthington, Frank Harold Trevor Rhodes 54 FIVE MINUTES WITH… Anjana Khatwa, science presenter and museum 54 learning professional The Geological Society of London accepts no responsibility for the Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders of material All advertising material is expected to conform to ethical views expressed in any article in this publication. All views expressed, in this publication. If any rights have been omitted, the publisher and trading standards, and reasonable care is taken to ensure except where explicitly stated otherwise, represent those of the offers their apologies. that advertisers are reputable and reliable. However, inclusion author, and not the Geological Society of London. All rights reserved. in this publication or as an insert does not constitute a guarantee No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury or endorsement of the quality or value of such products or No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products services, or of the claims made by its manufacturer. Geoscientist transmitted save with written permission. Users registered with liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation and the Geological Society of London can give no assurance Copyright Clearance Center: the Journal is registered with CCC, of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained that an advertiser will fulfil its obligation under 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA. in the material herein. all circumstances. GEOSCIENTIST.ONLINE | SUMMER 2021 5 TURN TO PAGE 32 Find out how citizen science projects can benefi t NEWS researchers and communities SOCIETY AND COMMUNITY UPDATES (L-R): Titan’s Kraken Mare, Mars’ Osuga Valles, Earth’s Xingu River (Image credit L-R: NASA/JPL- Caltech/ASI/Cornell; NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens; ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)) high-defi nition images of the landscapes Spacescapes: postcards and geological features seen around our solar system. The exhibition will open from our solar system on Friday 20 August and will run for The exhibition seven weeks, until Friday 8 October, A free, outdoor, public exhibition is coming to will run from 20 August until with opening times of 9am until the Burlington House Courtyard this summer! 8 October at 6pm daily. Burlington House Courtyard Let us take you on a journey WE ARE INCREDIBLY EXCITED Burlington House as part through our solar system, stopping o to announce that this summer the of our 2021 Year of Space. to visit the Perseverance rover on Mars, Geological Society will be holding ‘Spacescapes: postcards from impact craters on the Moon, mountains on a free, outdoor, public exhibition at our solar system’, will feature incredible, Pluto and storms on Jupiter. 6 GEOSCIENTIST | SUMMER 2021 NEWS Curiosity’s Selfie at Mont Mercou MORE ONLINE (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS) Keep up-to-date with the latest news and discussion, and view additional geoscience-related reports, videos and more at www.Geoscientist.Online The exhibition will explore the ways in which understanding Earth can help us uncover the history of planetary bodies across our solar system and beyond. By comparing Earthly geological features with similar vistas found on other planets, we can piece together the history of the solar system and look to answer some of WORKSHOPS the mysteries of our universe.
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