Foden Park Streethay, Lichfield Staffordshire

Foden Park Streethay, Lichfield

Staffordshire

Archaeological Evaluation

for Miller Homes

CA Project: 5277 CA Report: 15751

November 2015

Foden Park Streethay, Lichfield Staffordshire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 5277 CA Report: 15751

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 13 Alex Richard Internal Ian November Thomson Young review Barnes 2015 B 14 June Alex Richard Final Curator comment Ian 2016 Thomson Young Barnes

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 4

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 5

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 5

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-7) ...... 6

6. THE FINDS ...... 9

7. DISCUSSION ...... 10

8. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 12

9. REFERENCES ...... 13

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 14 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 23 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 24

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features, geophysical survey results and the location of selected historic boundaries (1:3500 and 1:1000) Fig. 3 Plan of Trenches 25 and 26 (1:250) Fig. 4 Ditch 2503: section and photograph (1:20) Fig. 5 Plan of Trenches 1-5 (1:500) Fig. 6 Trench 4: section and photograph (1:50) Fig. 7 Trench 23: plan, section and photograph (1:200 and 1:20)

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Foden Park Location: Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire NGR: SK 1365 1056 Type: Evaluation Date: 14 September – 8 October 2015 Location of Archive: To be deposited with the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery Accession Number: 2015.LH.169 Site Code: FOD 15

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in September and October 2015 at Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire. Eighty eight trenches were excavated.

Two undiagnostic flint flakes and fragments of Iron Age pottery were recovered from the subsoil horizon within Trench 31, along with a possible fragment of polished stone axe. A single Mesolithic microlith was recovered from the topsoil within Trench 4 and medieval pottery was also recovered from the subsoil horizon in the same trench.

Evidence of post-medieval marl extraction was identified in Trenches 2, 4 and 5 and a post- medieval field boundary was recorded in Trench 74. Modern truncation and disturbance was recorded in the south-western area of site, along with a number of modern features.

Undated linear ditches were identified in Trenches 23, 25 and 26 and may represent parts of field/enclosure systems pre-dating the post-medieval period.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In September and October 2015 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Miller Homes at Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire (centred on NGR: SK 1365 1056; Fig. 1). The works were recommended by Stephen Dean, Principal Archaeologist, Staffordshire County Council (SCC), archaeological advisor to Lichfield District Council (LDC), and were undertaken to provide further information on the archaeological potential of the proposed development site. The works detailed within this report pertain to Phase 1 of the proposed development.

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of Stephen Dean, and with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2015) and approved by Stephen Dean. The fieldwork also followed Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014), the Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (English Heritage 2006). It was monitored by Stephen Dean.

The site

1.3 The proposed development area is approximately 55ha, and comprises four large arable fields. The Phase 1 area is 22.454ha in extent. The proposed development area is bounded to the west and south-west by railway lines, to the south and south- east by residential properties and gardens and to the north-west, north and east by further agricultural fields. The topography of the proposed development area is variable, rising to a height of approximately 84.1m AOD in the central area, with the land sloping away gently to the north, south and west.

1.4 The underlying bedrock geology of the majority of the area is mapped as Bromsgrove Sandstone of the Triassic Period, though the western and eastern extents of the site lie on the boundary into Mercia Mudstone, sedimentary bedrock of the Triassic Period. No superficial deposits are recorded (BGS 2015). The natural geological substrate identified during the course of the evaluation was variable; the majority of the identified deposits consisted of light orangey-red, reddish-brown and bluish-grey compact silty-sands, clays, gravels and sandstone bedrock.

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 A Cultural Heritage Assessment of the entire proposed development area was carried out by Cotswold Archaeology in 2011 (CA 2011), in addition to a geophysical survey (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011). The results of these assessments are summarised below.

2.2 An area of worked flint was recorded just beyond the north-west edge of site and is of probable prehistoric date. A complex of cropmarks is visible on aerial photographs in the field to the north-east of the proposed development area; a ring ditch and possible enclosures suggest that these may be indicative of prehistoric activity in this area. However, those cropmarks which most clearly extend towards the site are considered to have originated as field boundaries in the post-medieval or modern periods, and no cropmarks indicative of archaeological features are recorded within the site (CA 2011).

2.3 The site lies adjacent to the course of Roman Ryknild Street. No evidence of Roman settlement adjacent to the road has been recorded within the site, and no evidence of anomalies indicative of archaeological features was recorded by the geophysical survey. A number of surface finds have been recorded to the north of the proposed development area, including a substantial quantity of Roman coins, prehistoric flint and possible building fragments (ibid).

2.4 A former lane ran through the southern area of the proposed development area, which is one suggested location for the former medieval settlement of Morughale. No evidence of settlement, such as earthworks or building platforms, has been located in this area, and the settlement may have lain outside of the site (ibid).

2.5 Four now-removed buildings are recorded within the site on the 1849 Tithe Map of Streethay, as well as disused field boundaries and hedge-lines. Evidence of these structures and earthworks, such as building platforms, wall footings or ditches may have survived below ground (ibid).

2.6 Evidence of post-medieval or modern marl extraction was also identified as extant earthworks, including a large bowl-shaped depression in north-eastern area of site. Marl is a calcium rich silty-clay deposit that is often used to replenish farmland (ibid).

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

2.7 The geophysical survey did not detect the presence of definitive archaeological assets. However, possible pit-like features were identified across the area of survey together with a possible short ditch in the south-west of the survey area (Bartlett- Clark Consultancy 2011). Notably, in the south-western part of site, a large geophysical anomaly was detected spreading roughly parallel to both the modern railway lines and associated service buildings. It was deemed likely that this anomaly would be associated with modern truncation, demolition and disturbance related to railway construction works (ibid).

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the evaluation are to provide information about the archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality, in accordance Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014). This information will enable LDC to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 88 trenches across four fields, in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). All trenches, with some exceptions, were 50m in length and 1.8m in width. Trenches 14, 20, 24, 56, 61, 62, 64, 71, 78 and 79 were reduced in length due to modern services, trackways and footpaths. Two trenches (Trenches 87 and 90) could not be excavated due to modern services and buildings. Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual.

4.2 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.3 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites and no deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

4.4 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery under accession number 2015.LH.169, along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-7)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices A and B respectively.

Field 1 5.2 Nineteen trenches were excavated within Field 1, in the west and south-west area of site (see Fig. 2). The natural geological substrate was observed throughout Field 1 at an average depth of 0.65m below present ground level (bpgl) and consisted of light orangey-red and bluish-grey compact silty-sands. In the majority of these trenches, the natural was overlain by alluvial layers and subsoil, measuring an average of 0.3m in thickness.

5.3 In Trench 25, a single undated linear ditch, 2503, was identified on a north- west/south-east alignment (Figs 3 and 4, AA). This ditch measured 1.1m in depth and 4m in width and had steeply sloping sides and a concave base. The ditch contained sandy-silt fills 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507 and 2508, representing successive silting episodes. No artefactual evidence was recovered from the ditch, however it was observed to cut the subsoil and may therefore be post-medieval or modern.

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

This ditch was also observed in the adjacent Trench 26 (as 2603, also cutting the subsoil), where it remained unexcavated.

5.4 Features identified in Trenches 7, 10, and 13, including linear ditches, a possible pit and post-holes, were observed to cut the subsoil layers within their respective trenches. Each contained post-medieval and modern material that was not retained, except for one sherd of 18th to 19th century black-glazed ware from ditch 1003. More detailed information on these features is contained within Appendix A.

5.5 In Trenches 8-11, 13, 14, 17, 21, 22 and 26 a modern made-ground layer, consisting of gravels, concrete and ceramic materials, sealed the natural substrate, and measured between 0.13 and 0.6m in thickness. This modern material correlates directly with geophysical anomalies and demonstrated that truncation had affected the natural substrate within this area.

5.6 In all trenches in Field 1, the made-ground and subsoils were sealed a clayey-silt topsoil, measuring an average thickness of 0.27m.

Field 2 5.7 A total of fifty four trenches were excavated within Field 2, with the majority located in the south and south-eastern areas of the field, with a small cluster excavated in the west. The natural geological substrate varied across the field, with reddish- brown silty-sands predominating in the western areas and exposed sandstone bedrock and sandy-clays observed to the east and north-east. The natural was observed at a typical depth of approximately 0.4m bpgl. This was then variably sealed by either a silty-sand subsoil (averaging 0.1m in thickness) or clayey-silt topsoil (averaging 0.35m in thickness). Archaeological features and materials were identified in Trenches 2, 4 and 5, 23, 31, 48 and 74.

Trenches 2, 4 and 5 (Figs 5 and 6, Section BB) 5.8 Within Trenches 2, 4 and 5, a spread of amorphous extraction pit features were observed. These features varied in size and shape, but all represented elements of probable marl extraction, as mentioned above in Section 2. In Trench 4, pits 404, 406 and 409 were up to 0.6m deep (Fig. 6, Section BB). Each pit contained a single fill of silty-clay and was sealed by a series of clay or clayey silt levelling deposits (408, 403, 402), typical 0.4m thick. Within Trench 5 a further marl extraction pit 503 was also recorded, with similar fills and sealing deposits as in Trench 4. Similar

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

features were recorded in plan within Trench 2 but were not excavated. No artefactual evidence was recovered from any of the excavated sections throughout Trenches 2, 4 and 5.

5.9 Residual finds were recovered from subsoil 401 in Trench 4, including 24 sherds of Chilvers Coton A/Nuneaton whiteware medieval pottery of late 13th to 14th century date. A single microlith was recovered from topsoil 400 and is Mesolithic in date.

Trench 23 (Fig. 7, CC) 5.9 A shallow, moderately sided linear ditch, 2302, was identified within Trench 23. Aligned south-west/north-east, this ditch measured 0.18m in depth, 1.04m in width and extended beyond the trench boundaries. The ditch was filled by silty-sand 2303 and contained no artefactual remains.

Trench 31 5.10 No features of archaeological interest we observed within the excavated area of Trench 31. However, three fragments of grog-and-quartz tempered Middle Iron Age pottery, two flint flakes and a potential fragment of polished stone axe were recovered from subsoil 3101. This trench is located close to the area of higher ground in the centre of site.

Trench 48 5.11 A circular, steep-sided posthole, 4802, was recorded within Trench 48. Measuring 0.5m in diameter and 0.12m in depth, this posthole contained a single sandy-silt fill and no dating evidence.

Trench 74 5.12 Two parallel north-east/south-west aligned ditches were observed at the northern end of Trench 74, extending beyond the excavated boundaries. Ditch 7403 was observed as having irregular sides and concave base and measured 3m in width and 0.25m in depth. It contained a single sandy-silt fill, 7404. Ditch 7405 was steep sided with a concave base and measured 0.6m in width and 0.24m in depth and also contained a single silty-sand fill, 7406. Ditch 7403 contained three pieces of post-medieval ceramic nib tile and both ditches were sealed by topsoil 7400. The location and orientation of these ditches relate approximately to a field boundary depicted on historic mapping (as shown on Fig. 2), and could represent a disused partition, hedgerow or field boundary.

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Fields 3 and 4 5.13 A total of 14 trenches were excavated across Fields 3 and 4 in the area adjacent to Streethay Farm House. The natural substrate was recorded throughout these trenches as reddish-brown sand, yellowish-red sandy-gravels and sandstone bedrock outcrops and was observed at a typical depth of between 0.3 and 0.6m bpgl. The natural was overlain by subsoil of an average thickness of 0.12m, which in turn was sealed by topsoil, measuring an average thickness of 0.25m.

5.14 No archaeological features were observed in Fields 3 and 4, although a total of seven sherds of late 13th to 14th century Chilvers Coton A/Nuneaton whiteware were recovered from the subsoil horizons in Trenches 77, 81 and 83.

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material from the evaluation was hand-recovered from nine deposits including ditch fills, subsoils and topsoil. The recovered materials date to the early and late prehistoric, medieval and post-medieval/modern periods. Quantities of the artefact types are given in Appendix B. The pottery has been recorded according to sherd count/weight per fabric. Recording also included form/rim morphology and any evidence for use in the form of carbonised/other residues (although none were apparent). Where possible, pottery fabric codes are equated to the type series established for Warwickshire by Soden and Ratkai (1998).

Pottery Late prehistoric 6.2 Three unfeatured bodysherds (37g) in a thick-walled, handmade fabric, tempered with grog and quartz (GRQZ), were recorded in subsoil 3101. The most probable date for the pottery is from the Middle Iron Age, on the basis of fabric and firing characteristics. The mean sherd weight is high, at 12g, and condition is moderate/good in terms of edge abrasion and surface preservation.

Medieval 6.3 A total of 31 sherds (318g) of medieval pottery were recovered from four subsoil deposits. The assemblage is moderately fragmented, as suggested by an average sherd weight of 10g, and otherwise condition is good. All of the medieval pottery

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

present was Chilvers Coton A/Nuneaton whiteware (WW01) (manufactured at Chilvers Coton, near Nuneaton in Warwickshire) and dates from the mid-13th to 14th centuries (ibid, 157). A rimsherd from a jug, with attached handle, was recorded from subsoil 8301.

Post-medieval 6.4 Fill 1005 of ditch 1003 produced a bodysherd, in very good condition, of black- glazed earthenware (MGW) and dating to the 18th to 19th centuries.

Lithics 6.5 A total of three worked flints were recovered from subsoil and topsoil horizons in Trenches 4 and 31. Those from subsoil 3101 are a flake fragment and a piece of shatter, both of broad prehistoric date. The flint from topsoil 400 is a microlith, which would have formed part of a composite tool of Mesolithic date. Although the tip has broken off, it can be attributed to Clark’s Type B, ‘blunted straight down one edge’ (1934, 56).

Worked stone 6.6 A fragment of stone from subsoil 3101, with a uniformly polished outer surface, appears to represent a flake from a polished stone axe. Identification of the stone type is in progress.

Ceramic building material 6.7 Three fragments of nib tile, which is post-medieval in date, were retrieved from fill 7404 of ditch 7403.

7. DISCUSSION

7.1 The evaluation has identified only limited archaeological remains within the site, with the majority of trenches either entirely devoid of archaeological features or displaying high levels of modern disturbance. The lack of archaeological features correlates with the findings of the preceding geophysical survey (Bartlett-Clark 2011), which recorded limited anomalies across site.

Prehistoric 7.2 No features of prehistoric date were identified within the site. However, three fragments of worked flint were recovered from two trenches. A single Mesolithic

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

microlith was recovered from topsoil 400 in Trench 4 and two flint flakes were recovered from Trench 31. Furthermore, three sherds of Middle Iron Age pottery were also recovered from subsoil 3101 in Trench 31. Areas of flint working were noted within the desk-based assessment to the north-west of site (CA 2011, 13) and cropmarks identified to the north of site may also be of prehistoric date (ibid, 14). These finds could indicate that Iron Age features survive in the area around Trench 31 or potentially on the crest of land in the centre of site (which was outside of this phase of evaluation); however, the finds could have been brought to the site by other means, such as manuring of the fields in the medieval or plater periods.

Roman 7.3 Despite the site being adjacent to the Ryknild Street Roman road, and the density of Roman finds spots in the area (CA 2011, 14), no features or artefacts of Roman date were recorded during the course of the evaluation.

Medieval, post-medieval and modern 7.4 No features of medieval date were identified during the course of evaluation fieldwork. A total of 31 sherds of Chilvers Coton A/Nuneaton whiteware of late 13th to 14th century date were recovered from subsoil horizons in Trenches 4, 77, 81 and 83. While the tentative location of the medieval settlement of Morughale and its associated hinterland lies within the site, the pottery recovered from these trenches may derive from later manuring of cultivated fields rather than any specific medieval remains in the evaluation area.

7.5 Extraction pits of probable post-medieval were present in Trenches 2, 4 and 5. These amorphous features roughly correlate with a cluster of geophysical anomalies along the western and north-western boundaries of Field 2. This area lay at the bottom of a small river valley, and marl deposits formed adjacent to the watercourse that divides Fields 1 and 2 which attracted the concentrated extraction activity.

7.6 A post-medieval field boundary was recorded in Trench 74. The two parallel ditches, 7403 and 7405, correspond to the likely route of a disused field boundary or hedgerow seen on the 1849 Tithe Map of Streethay and First Edition Ordnance Survey mapping from 1883 (as shown on Fig. 2). The fill of ditch 7403 contained three post-medieval nib tile fragments.

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

7.7 An area of substantial modern disturbance, demolition and truncation was present along the south-western and western boundaries of Field 1. This disturbance corresponds to a large set of anomalies on the geophysical plot and indicates the location of now demolished modern buildings and their associated services and surfaces. It is likely that this disturbance would have removed or heavily disturbed any archaeological features.

Undated 7.8 A linear ditch was identified in Trench 23 and contained no dating evidence. This ditch does not appear on any historic mapping and, as such, may pre-date the Tithe Map of 1849. Given it proximity, it may be contemporary with the marl pits in Trenches 2, 4 and 5.

7.9 A substantial linear ditch (2503) was excavated in Trench 25 and continued into Trench 26 (2604). This linear does not appear on any historic mapping and no dating evidence was recovered from the various fills. Furthermore, the ditch does not correspond to any obvious anomalies on the geophysical survey, although this may be due to the substantial known modern disturbance. It is possible that this feature may relate to an earlier system of field enclosure and could potentially pre- date the post-medieval period.

8. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Alex Thomson, assisted by Jon Pick, Matthew Coman, Marino Cardelli, Liam Wilson, Sara-Jayne Boughton, Liam Wolley and Noeleen Khawaja. The report was written by Alex Thomson. The finds report was written by Jacky Sommerville. The illustrations were prepared by Aleksandra Osinska. The archive has been compiled by Alex Thomson and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neill. The project was managed for CA by Richard Young.

12 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

9. REFERENCES

Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011 Land at Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Report on Archaeological Geophysical Survey

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 9 October 2015

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2011 Streethay House Farm, Streethay, Staffordshire: Cultural Heritage Assessment

CA 2015 Land at Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

Clark, J. G. D. 1934 ‘The Classification of a Microlithic Culture: The Tardenoisian of Horsham’. Archaeological Journal. 90, 52–77.

Soden, I. and Ratkai, S. 1998 Warwickshire Medieval and Post Medieval Pottery Type Series. Warwick. Warwickshire Museum Field Services

13 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Depth/ Trench Context Context Length Width Spot- Context Type Fill of thickness No Interpretation Description (m) (m) date (m) Dark reddish-brown 1 100 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.36 Modern silty-clay Light yellowish-brown 1 101 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.3 silty-sand Light pinkish-brown 1 102 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 2 200 Layer Topsoil >40 >1.8 0.3 Modern silty-clay Dark greyish-brown 2 201 Layer Subsoil >40 >1.8 0.25 clayey-silt Light yellow and 2 202 Layer Natural substrate >40 >1.8 reddish-brown sands Dark reddish-brown 3 300 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.33 Modern silty-clay Dark greyish-brown 3 301 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.17 clayey-silt Light pinkish-brown 3 302 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark greyish-brown 4 400 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern clayey-silt Greyish-brown clayey- 4 401 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.1 silt Levelling Light brownish-yellow 4 402 Layer >15 >1.8 0.4 material clay Levelling Dark greyish-brown 4 403 Layer >12 >1.8 0.35 material silty-clay Irregular, moderate Post- 4 406 Cut Extraction pit sided extraction pit cut 0.95 1.3 0.6 med. with concave base Fill of extraction Dark brownish-grey 4 407 Fill 406 0.95 1.3 0.4 pit silty-clay Levelling Light yellowish-brown 4 408 Layer >0.5 >0.4 0.1 material silty-sand Irregular, shallow sided Post- 4 409 Cut Extraction pit extraction pit cut with >0.8 >0.5 0.2 med. irregular base Light pinkish-brown 4 410 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Fill of extraction Dark greyish-brown 4 411 Fill 409 >0.8 >0.5 0.2 pit clayey-silt Dark brownish-grey 5 500 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.3 Modern silty-clay Yellowish-brown 5 501 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.15 sandy-silt Light pinkish-brown 5 502 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Irregular, shallow sided Post- 5 503 Cut Extraction pit extraction pit cut with >1.3 1.9 0.5 med. flat base Fill of extraction Brownish-grey sandy- 5 504 Fill 503 >0.7 0.5 0.18 pit silt Fill of extraction 5 505 Fill 503 Pinkish-grey sandy-silt >0.7 0.8 0.2 pit Fill of extraction 5 506 Fill 503 Dark grey silty-clay >0.7 >1.15 0.2 pit Fill of extraction 5 507 Fill 503 Light grey sandy-silt >0.7 0.2 0.4 pit Fill of extraction Brownish-grey sandy- 5 508 Fill 503 >0.7 1.7 0.12 pit silt Fill of extraction Brownish-grey sandy- 5 509 Fill 503 >0.7 1 0.4 pit silt Levelling 5 510 Layer Brown sandy-silt 1.7 >1.8 0.13 material Levelling 5 511 Layer Grey silt >0.7 >1.4 >0.1 material

14 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

6 600 Layer Topsoil Dark brown sandy-silt >50 >1.8 0.23 Modern

Greyish-brown sandy- 6 601 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.16 silt 6 602 Layer Natural substrate Light orangey-red sand >50 >1.8

Irregular 6 603 Cut Tree throw pit 5 1.8 0.25 Modern pit/bioturbation Fill of tree throw 6 604 Fill 603 Dark brown sandy-silt 5 1.8 0.25 pit Dark greyish-brown 7 700 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.26 Modern sandy-silt Brownish-grey sandy- 7 701 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.36 silt 7 702 Layer Natural substrate Light orangey-red sand >50 >1.8

E/W aligned ditch with Post- 7 703 Cut Ditch sharp sides and flat >1.18 1.21 0.6 med. base Greyish-brown silty- 7 704 Fill 703 Fill of ditch >1.18 1.21 0.6 sand Dark greyish-brown 8 800 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.25 Modern sandy-silt Mixed gravels, CBM, 8 801 Layer Made ground >50 >1.8 0.5 clays and concrete 8 802 Layer Natural substrate Orangey-red sand >50 >1.8

Dark greyish-brown 9 900 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.12 Modern sandy-silt Mixed gravels, CBM, 9 901 Layer Made ground >25 >1.8 0.36 Modern clays and concrete Greyish-brown sandy- 9 902 Layer Subsoil >25 >1.8 0.34 silt Orangey-red and 9 903 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 bluish-grey sands Dark greyish-brown 10 1000 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.47 Modern sandy-clay-silt Mixed gravels, CBM, 10 1001 Layer Made ground >50 >1.8 0.26 Modern clays and concrete Orangey-red and 10 1002 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 bluish-grey sands N/S aligned linear ditch 10 1003 Cut Ditch with shallow sides and >1.8 1.2 0.29

concave base 10 1004 Fill 1003 1st Fill of ditch Light grey clayey-silt >1.8 1.2 0.21

10 1005 Fill 1003 2nd Fill of ditch Dark brown silty-clay >1.8 1.2 0.08

Dark greyish-brown 11 1100 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.5 Modern silty-clay Grey silty-sand and 11 1101 Layer Made ground CBM, concrete and >50 >1.8 0.29 Modern

gravel inclusions Light orangey-red and 11 1102 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands Dark greyish-brown 12 1200 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.3 Modern sandy-silt Light orangey-red silty- 12 1201 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark greyish-brown 13 1300 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.43 Modern silty-clay Grey silty-sand and 13 1301 Layer Made ground CBM, concrete and >30 >1.8 0.17 Modern

gravel inclusions Yellowish-brown 13 1302 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.11 sandy-silt Light orangey-red and 13 1303 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands 13 1304 Cut Modern service Modern pipe trench >1.8 0.6 Modern

Fill of modern 13 1305 Fill 1304 Gravel >1.8 0.6 service Modern post- Round modern post- 13 1306 Cut 0.4 0.36 Modern hole hole Fill of modern 13 1307 Fill 1306 Brown sandy-silt 0.4 0.36 post-hole

15 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Modern post- Round modern post- 13 1308 Cut 0.43 0.43 Modern hole hole Fill of modern 13 1309 Fill 1308 Brown sandy-silt 0.43 0.43 post-hole Sub-ovoid rounded pit 13 1310 Cut Modern pit with concave sides and >0.53 1.35 0.43 Modern

base 1st Fill of Dark greyish-brown 13 1311 Fill 1310 >0.53 1.08 0.2 modern pit silty-clay 2nd Fill of Dark brownish-grey 13 1312 Fill 1310 >0.53 1.21 0.35 modern pit sandy-clay Mixed gravels, CBM, 13 1313 Layer Made ground >1.8 1 Modern clays and concrete Dark greyish-brown 14 1400 Layer Topsoil >43 >1.8 0.24 Modern silty-clay Yellowish-brown 14 1401 Layer Subsoil >43 >1.8 0.23 sandy-silt Grey silty-sand and 14 1402 Layer Made ground CBM, concrete and >43 >1.8 0.13 Modern

gravel inclusions Light orangey-red and 14 1403 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >43 >1.8

sands Dark greyish-brown 15 1500 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.26 Modern silty-clay Yellowish-brown 15 1501 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.25 sandy-silt Light orangey-red and 15 1502 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands Dark greyish-brown 16 1600 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.38 Modern silty-clay Yellowish-brown 16 1601 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.2 sandy-silt Light orangey-red and 16 1602 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands Dark greyish-brown 17 1700 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.17 Modern silty-clay Reddish-grey silty- sand and CBM, 17 1701 Layer Made ground >50 >1.8 0.6 Modern concrete and gravel inclusions Light orangey-red and 17 1702 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands Dark greyish-brown 18 1800 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.19 Modern silty-clay Yellowish-brown 18 1801 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.15 sandy-silt Light greyish-yellow 18 1802 Layer Alluvium sand with rounded >50 >1.8 0.3

gravels Light orangey-red and 18 1803 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands Dark greyish-brown 19 1900 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.32 Modern silty-clay Yellowish-brown 19 1901 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.14 sandy-silt Light orangey-red and 19 1902 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands Dark greyish-brown 20 2000 Layer Topsoil >25 >1.8 0.16 Modern silty-clay Yellowish-brown 20 2001 Layer Subsoil >25 >1.8 0.29 sandy-silt Light greyish-yellow 20 2002 Layer Alluvium sand with rounded >25 >1.8 0.34

gravels Light orangey-red and 20 2003 Layer Natural substrate >25 >1.8 brownish-grey silty-

16 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

sands

Irregular 20 2004 Cut Tree throw pit 0.52 0.43 0.17 Modern pit/bioturbation Fill of tree throw 20 2005 Fill 2004 Brown silty-sand 0.52 0.43 0.17 pit Dark greyish-brown 21 2100 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-grey silty- sand and CBM, 21 2101 Layer Made ground >50 >1.8 0.33 Modern concrete and gravel inclusions Light orangey-red and 21 2102 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands Dark greyish-brown 22 2200 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.27 Modern silty-clay Reddish-grey silty- sand and CBM, 22 2201 Layer Made ground >50 >1.8 0.51 Modern concrete and gravel inclusions Light orangey-red and 22 2202 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands Rectangular modern 22 2203 Cut Modern pit 1.28 1.8 Modern pit cut 22 2204 Fill 2203 Fill of modern pit Brown silty-sand 1.28 1.8

Dark greyish-brown 23 2300 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.42 silty-clay Light orangey-red and 23 2301 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands SW/NE aligned linear ditch with shallow 23 2302 Cut Ditch >1.8 1.04 0.18 Undated sides and concave base Light brownish-grey 23 2303 Fill 2303 Fill of ditch >1.8 1.04 0.18 silty-sand Dark greyish-brown 24 2400 Layer Topsoil >26 >1.8 0.27 Modern silty-clay Yellowish-brown 24 2401 Layer Subsoil >26 >1.8 0.43 sandy-silt Light orangey-red and 24 2402 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >26 >1.8

sands Modern post- 24 2403 Cut Square modern feature 0.41 0.4 Modern hole Fill of modern 24 2404 Fill 2403 Dark brown silty-clay 0.41 0.4 post-hole Dark greyish-brown 25 2500 Layer Topsoil >47 >1.8 0.32 Modern silty-clay Yellowish-brown 25 2501 Layer Subsoil >47 >1.8 0.2 sandy-silt Light orangey-red and 25 2502 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >47 >1.8

sands NW/SE aligned linear cut with steep sloping 25 2503 Cut Ditch >1.8 4 1.1 Undated sides and concave base Greyish-brown sandy- 25 2504 Fill 2503 Fill of ditch >0.5 1.75 0.35 silt Brownish-grey sandy- 25 2505 Fill 2503 Fill of ditch >0.5 4 0.5 silt Greyish-brown sandy- 25 2506 Fill 2503 Fill of ditch >0.5 2.7 0.17 silt Greyish-brown sandy- 25 2507 Fill 2503 Fill of ditch >0.5 2.7 0.1 silt Brownish-grey sandy- 25 2508 Fill 2503 Fill of ditch >1.8 4 0.17 silt Dark greyish-brown 26 2600 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.41 Modern silty-clay

17 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Reddish-grey silty- sand and CBM, 26 2601 Layer Made ground >50 >1.8 0.47 Modern concrete and gravel inclusions Light orangey-red and 26 2602 Layer Natural substrate brownish-grey silty- >50 >1.8

sands Unexcavated 26 2603 Cut Ditch continuation of ditch >1.8 3.5 >0.4 Undated

2503 Greyish-brown sandy- 26 2604 Fill 2603 Fill of ditch >1.8 3.5 >0.4 silt Dark reddish-brown 27 2700 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.43 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 27 2701 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 28 2800 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.46 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 28 2801 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 29 2900 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 29 2901 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 30 3000 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.3 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 30 3001 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 31 3100 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.34 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 31 3101 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.06 sand Yellowish-reddish- 31 3102 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 brown silty-sand Dark reddish-brown 32 3200 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.48 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 32 3201 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 33 3300 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.36 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 33 3301 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 34 3400 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.34 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 34 3401 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 35 3500 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.32 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 35 3501 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 36 3600 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.3 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 36 3601 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 37 3700 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.35 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 37 3701 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 38 3800 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.38 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 38 3801 Layer Natural substrate sand with sandstone >50 >1.8

bedrock patches Dark reddish-brown 39 3900 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.42 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 39 3901 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 40 4000 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.34 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 40 4001 Layer Natural substrate sand with sandstone >50 >1.8

bedrock patches

18 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Dark reddish-brown 41 4100 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.43 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 41 4101 Layer Natural substrate sand with sandstone >50 >1.8

bedrock patches Dark reddish-brown 42 4200 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.35 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 42 4201 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 43 4300 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 43 4301 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 44 4400 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 44 4401 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 45 4500 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.36 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 45 4501 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 46 4600 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.37 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 46 4601 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 47 4700 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.46 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 47 4701 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 48 4800 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.34 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 48 4801 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Circular cut with 48 4802 Cut Posthole vertical sides and flat 0.5 0.5 0.12 Undated

base Dark reddish-brown 48 4803 Fill 2802 Fill of posthole 0.5 0.5 0.12 sandy-silt Dark reddish-brown 49 4900 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.39 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 49 4901 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 50 5000 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.33 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 50 5001 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 51 5100 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 51 5101 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 52 5200 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 52 5201 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 53 5300 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 53 5301 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 54 5400 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 54 5401 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 55 5500 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.35 Modern silty-clay Greyish-yellow silty- 55 5501 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.1 sand Reddish-brown clay and sandstone, 55 5502 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 reddish-brown silty- sand Dark brownish-grey 56 5600 Layer Topsoil >37 >1.8 0.34 Modern clayey-silt

19 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

56 5601 Layer Subsoil Light brown sandy-silt >37 >1.8 0.09

Reddish-brown silty- 56 5602 Layer Natural substrate sand with sandstone >37 >1.8

bedrock patches Dark greyish-brown 57 5700 Layer Topsoil >45 >1.8 0.25 Modern clayey-silt 57 5701 Layer Subsoil Light brown sandy-silt >45 >1.8 0.15

Reddish-brown silty- 57 5702 Layer Natural substrate sand with sandstone >45 >1.8

bedrock patches Dark reddish-brown 58 5800 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 58 5801 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 59 5900 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 59 5901 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 60 6000 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 60 6001 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 61 6100 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.3 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 61 6101 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.18 sand Light reddish-brown 61 6102 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-sand Dark reddish-brown 62 6200 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.5 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 62 6201 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 63 6300 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.5 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 63 6301 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 64 6400 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.5 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 64 6401 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 65 6500 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.48 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 65 6501 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 66 6600 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.43 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 66 6601 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 67 6700 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.55 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 67 6701 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 68 6800 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.56 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 68 6801 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 69 6900 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.44 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 69 6901 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 70 7000 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.35 Modern silty-clay Reddish-brown silty- 70 7001 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 71 7100 Layer Topsoil >29 >1.8 0.25 Modern silty-clay 71 7101 Layer Subsoil Light brown sandy-silt >29 >1.8 0.15

Reddish-brown silty- 71 7102 Layer Natural substrate >29 >1.8 sand Dark reddish-brown 72 7200 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.27 Modern silty-clay

20 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Brownish-grey clayey- 72 7201 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.09 silt Light brownish-red 72 7202 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Greyish-brown sandy- 73 7300 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.28 Modern silt Brownish-grey clayey- 73 7301 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.08 silt Light brownish-red 73 7302 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Dark reddish-brown 74 7400 Layer Topsoil >52 >1.8 0.46 Modern silty-clay Light yellowish-brown 74 7402 Layer Natural substrate silty-sand and >52 >1.8

sandstone bedrock NE/SW aligned linear Post- 74 7403 Cut Ditch with irregular sides and >2.5 3 0.25 med. flat base Reddish-brown sandy- 74 7404 Fill 7403 Fill of ditch >2.5 3 0.25 silt SW/NE aligned linear Post- 74 7405 Cut Ditch with steep sides and >2.4 0.6 0.24 med. concave base Light reddish-brown 74 7406 Fill 7405 Fill of ditch >2.4 0.6 0.24 silty-sand Greyish-brown clayey- 75 7500 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.25 Modern silt Brownish-grey sandy- 75 7501 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.25 silt Light brownish-red 75 7502 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-sand Brownish-grey silty- 76 7600 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.3 Modern clay 76 7601 Layer Subsoil Light brown sandy-silt >50 >1.8 0.1

Sandstone bedrock 76 7602 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 with red sand Greyish-brown sandy- 77 7700 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.25 Modern silt Brownish-grey clayey- 77 7701 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.09 silt Light brownish-red 77 7702 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Greyish-brown sandy- 78 7800 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.28 Modern silt Brownish-grey clayey- 78 7801 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.13 silt Light brownish-red 78 7802 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Greyish-brown clayey- 79 7900 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.29 Modern silt Orangey-brown clayey- 79 7901 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.16 silt Light brownish-red 79 7902 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Greyish-brown sandy- 80 8000 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.25 Modern silt Brownish-grey clayey- 80 8001 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.07 silt Light brownish-red 80 8002 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Dark brownish-grey 81 8100 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.2 Modern silty-clay Brownish-grey silty- 81 8101 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.23 clay Light brownish-red 81 8102 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Reddish-brown clayey- 82 8200 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.4 Modern silt Dark reddish-brown 82 8201 Layer Natural substrate sand with sandstone >50 >1.8

bedrock patches 83 8300 Layer Topsoil Greyish-brown sandy- >50 >1.8 0.28 Modern

21 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

silt Brownish-grey clayey- 83 8301 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.06 silt Light brownish-red 83 8302 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Greyish-brown sandy- 84 8400 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.26 Modern silt Brownish-grey clayey- 84 8401 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.08 silt Light brownish-red 84 8402 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Greyish-brown sandy- 85 8500 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.31 Modern silt Brownish-grey clayey- 85 8501 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.07 silt Light brownish-red 85 8502 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Dark brownish-grey 86 8600 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.18 Modern silty-clay Brownish-grey silty- 86 8601 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.2 clay Light brownish-red 86 8602 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Dark brownish-grey 88 8800 Layer Topsoil >50 >1.8 0.25 Modern silty-clay Brownish-grey silty- 88 8801 Layer Subsoil >50 >1.8 0.25 clay Light brownish-red 88 8802 Layer Natural substrate >50 >1.8 silty-clay Dark brownish-grey 89 8900 Layer Topsoil >45 >1.8 0.35 Modern silty-clay Light greyish-brown 89 8901 Layer Subsoil >45 >1.8 0.3 sandy-silt Light reddish-brown 89 8902 Layer Natural substrate >45 >1.8 silty-sand

22 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Weight Context Category Description Fabric code Count Spot-date (g) 400 Worked flint Microlith 1 <1 Mesolithic Chilvers Coton A/ 401 Medieval pottery WW01 24 239 LC13-C14 Nuneaton whiteware 1005 Post-medieval pottery Black-glazed ware MGW 1 <1 C18-C19 Grog-and-quartz 3101 Late prehistoric pottery GRQZ 3 37 MIA tempered fabric Fired clay 2 5 Worked flint Flake, shatter 2 <1 Polished stone axe Worked stone 1 31 fragment? 5900 Industrial waste Glass waste 1 152 Post-medieval Post-medieval ceramic 7404 Nib tile 3 477 Post-medieval building material Chilvers Coton A/ 7701 Medieval pottery WW01 2 27 LC13-C14 Nuneaton whiteware Chilvers Coton A/ 8101 Medieval pottery WW01 1 15 LC13-C14 Nuneaton whiteware Chilvers Coton A/ 8301 Medieval pottery WW01 4 37 LC13-C14 Nuneaton whiteware

23 © Cotswold Archaeology Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS Project Name Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in September and October 2015 at Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire. Eighty eight trenches were excavated. Two undiagnostic flint flakes and fragments of Iron Age pottery were recovered from the subsoil horizon within Trench 31, along with a possible fragment of polished stone axe. A single Mesolithic microlith was recovered from the topsoil within Trench 4 and medieval pottery was also recovered from the subsoil horizon in the Short description same trench. Evidence of post-medieval marl extraction was identified in Trenches 2, 4 and 5 and a post-medieval field boundary was recorded in Trench 74. Modern truncation and disturbance was recorded in the south-western area of site, along with a number of modern features. Undated linear ditches were identified in Trenches 23, 25 and 26 and may represent parts of field/enclosure systems pre-dating the post-medieval period.

Project dates 14 September to 8 October 2015 Project type Field Evaluation Cultural Heritage Assessment (CA 2011) Previous work Archaeological Geophysical Survey (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011) Future work Further phase of evaluation PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire Study area (M2/ha) 55ha Site co-ordinates SK 1365 1056 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Lichfield District Council Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology Project Manager Richard Young Project Supervisor Alex Thomson MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content Potteries Museum and Art Gallery: Physical Pottery, CBM, flint, stone 2015.LH.169 Trench and context Potteries Museum and Art Gallery: Paper records, registers and 2015.LH.169 field drawings Potteries Museum and Art Gallery: Typescript report, digital Digital 2015.LH.169 photographs BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2015 Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 15751

24 Y M CHESHIRE S A Andover 01264 347630 H H N I CITY OF Cirencester 01285 771022 R G CITY OF NOTTINGHAM N Cotswold STOKE-ON- E I Exeter 01392 826185 TRENT H Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 AM CITY OF TT DERBY O w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk N e [email protected]

TELFORD STAFFORDSHIRE PROJECT TITLE AND IRE WREKIN SH ER Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield ST R E Staffordshire IC E 15 L SHROPSHIRE 14 FIGURE TITLE CITY OF 16 LEICESTER 17 18 Site location plan 20 0 1km 19 S N O T DRAWN BY PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. WO P Reproduced from the 2005 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with AO 5277 RC M the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller CHECKED BY LM/DJB DATE 23/10/2015 ES WARWICKSHIRE A of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright T APPROVED BY REY SCALE@A4 1:25,000 E H Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 1 R T R 135

110 140 N

site boundary evaluation trench archaeological feature layer/deposit modern

field drainTrack treethrow historic boundary depicted on 1849 Tithe map of Streethay Township

Field 3 Fig. 5 Field 4 Field 2

See below

ROMAN ROAD

105 Streethay Field 1 Street

Ryknild Geophysics Key Fig. 7 BM 73.62m 72.5m (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011)

73.2m magnetic anomalies (probably archaeological) LB magnetic disturbances (recent/non-archaeological)

background magnetic activity (possibly natural/non-archaeological)

probable cultivation 73.9m GP former boundary

TCB probable land drain 7003 ED & Ward Bdy strong (ferrous) magnetic anomalies El Sub Sta MP.25 Level pipe (and associated magnetic disturbance) Crossing 76.9m

FF 1003 74.5m 0 150m 1310 4802 Playground

SP Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of SLs Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office

Def Tank &URZQFRS\ULJKW&RWVZROG$UFKDHRORJ\/WG Und BM 74.94m

Andover 01264 347630 ditch Cirencester 01285 771022 7405 Exeter 01392 826185 73.6m Fig 3 BM 75.17m Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk FF e [email protected] ditch Tank ED Bdy 7403 PROJECT TITLE

SLs Streethay Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield 76.0m 74.1m Staffordshire Travelling Crane

CR FIGURE TITLE SP Trench location plan showing archaeological

Def features, geophysical survey results and the

FF location of selected historic boundaries

Tank 74.4m

Chimney BURTON OLD ROAD FIGURE NO. BM 75.30m DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 5277 BM 79.96m Bowling Green ED and Ward Bdy 79.7m FF 0 30m CHECKED BY LM/DJB DATE 23/10/2015 APPROVED BY REY SCALE@A3 1:3500 & 1:1000 (inset) Ward Bdy 2 SK CR

\\server4\projects\5277 Foden Park Streethay Lichfield Staffs EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\5277 EVAL_Fig 2 etc.dwg Ryknild Street ROMAN ROAD (course of) Streethay

ditch 2604

site boundary evaluation trench archaeological feature modern

ditch 2503

Geophysics Key (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011)

magnetic disturbances (recent/non-archaeological)

background magnetic activity (possibly natural/non-archaeological)

strong (ferrous) magnetic anomalies

pipe (and associated magnetic disturbance)

0 10m

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office &URZQFRS\ULJKW&RWVZROG$UFKDHRORJ\/WG

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] 74.1m PROJECT TITLE Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield Staffordshire

FIGURE TITLE Plan of Trenches 25 and 26

DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 5277 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM/DJB DATE 14/06/2016 APPROVED BY REY SCALE@A3 1:250 3 P:\5277 Foden Park Streethay Lichfield Staffs EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\5277 EVAL_Fig 2 etc.dwg Section AA

S N 74.0m AOD

topsoil 2500

subsoil 2501 2508 subsoil 2501

2507

2506

2505

2504

ditch 2503

01m

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield Ditch 2503, looking north-west (2m scales) Staffordshire FIGURE TITLE Ditch 2503: section and photograph

DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 5277 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 23/10/2015 APPROVED BY REY SCALE@A3 1:20 4 N

site boundary evaluation trench archaeological feature layer/deposit modern field drain treethrow

pit 406 Geophysics Key (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011)

magnetic disturbances (recent/non-archaeological)

background magnetic activity (possibly natural/non-archaeological)

B strong (ferrous) magnetic anomalies

pipe (and associated magnetic disturbance)

probable land drain

0 20m

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office &URZQFRS\ULJKW&RWVZROG$UFKDHRORJ\/WG

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield Staffordshire

FIGURE TITLE Close up plan of Trenches 1-5, showing extraction deposits and excavated areas within trenches 4 and 5

DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 5277 FIGURE NO. pit 503 CHECKED BY LM/DJB DATE 23/10/2015 APPROVED BY REY SCALE@A3 1:500 5 \\server4\projects\5277 Foden Park Streethay Lichfield Staffs EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\5277 EVAL_Fig 2 etc.dwg Section BB

NW SE

72m topsoil 400 AOD

subsoil 402

403 408 403 411 extraction pit 409 407

extraction pit 406

02m

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk Trench 4, looking east (2m scale) e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield Staffordshire FIGURE TITLE Trench 4: section and photograph

DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 5277 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 23/10/2015 APPROVED BY REY SCALE@A3 1:50 6 Trench 23, plan Section CC

SE NW 71.2m AOD

topsoil 2300

2302

ditch 2302

archaeological feature 01m treethrow 1:20 field drain

C ditch 2302

Andover 01264 347630 0 10m Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 1:200 Ditch 3202, looking south-west (0.5m scale) Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Foden Park, Streethay, Lichfield Staffordshire FIGURE TITLE Trench 23: plan, section and photograph

DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 5277 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 23/10/2015 APPROVED BY REY SCALE@A3 1:200 & 1:20 7