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United States Security and the Soviet Challenge. Department Of . .., - . - DOCUME41:' RESUME , ED. 222 405 SO :014 282 b. i AUTHOR McLain, Douglas, Jr- TITLE United States Security and the Soviet Challenge. \ Report of a Wingspread Briefing. (Racine, Wisconsin, June 29, 1978). INSTITUTION Department of State, Washington, D.C.; Johnson Foundation, Inc., Racine, Wis.; Wisconsin Univ., Milwaukee. Inst. of World Affairs. PUB DATE. 79 , NOTE 25p. AVAILABLE FROM Johnson Foundation, 33 East Four Mile Road, Racine, WI 53401 (free). EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Civil Defense; Conflict; Cooperation; *Diplomatic : History; *Disarmament; Foreign Policy; *International' Relations; National Defense; *Nuclear Warfage; Treaties IDENTIFIERS *National Security; Strategic Arms LimitatiOn Talks; *United States; *USSR . ABSTRACT I. Six presentations, an introduction, and a summary discussion are included in this publication, which focuses on the variout complex factors inVolved in the negotiation of arms control agreements with the Soviet Union. Titles of the six'presentafions are: (1) Critical Issues in the United States-Soviet Relationship; (2) Basic Elements of Strategic Theory: Military Relations in a, Nuclear World;(3) United States Defense Capability; (4) A Closer Look at Soviet Capabilities; (5) Strengthening United States Security .. Through SALi; (6) How to Tell a Good SALT Treaty from a Bad One; and (7) Citizen Involvement in the SALT Debate. A congluding section contains questions and topics covered in panel discussions. Questions II and topics were related to a basic proposition that strategic arms limitation agreements Could enhance world security by restraining ..I additional development of the mutually deterrent,nuclear weapons systems of the United States and the Soviet Union. (NE) , - i ., ( I f V 6 *4**********************************************************N********** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * .* from the original document. / . **************************4************************/******************* - 1- i l S DEPARTMENT OF EDDC;TION 6 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION .t kLES NfuRMATI(A Ek, rj UNITED STATES SECURITY AND THE SOVIET CHALLENGE Repoit of "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS A Wingspread Briefing MATERIAL HAS 86EN 9TtANTED BY convened by 1-/enrcy Instittite of World Affairs of The Universiey of Wisconsin-Milwaukee TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES and the INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" United States Department of State in cooperation with The Johnson Foundation Racine, Wisconsin June 29, 1978 \, Report preparecl 1)37 Douglas McLain, Jr. A. Mr. McLain, a retired Foreign Service officer, 16. is Assistapt Professor, InternatiOnal Relations ,Major, anti Assistant Director of the Institute ot World Affairs of the University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee. 4. r% CdKJTENTS FOREWORD IN:TRODUCTION CRITICAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED STATES-SOVIET RELATIONSHrP BASIC ELEMENTS OF STRATEGIC THEORY: MILITARY RELATIONS IN A NUCLEAR WORLD UNITED STATES DEFENSE CAPABILITY A CLOSER LOOK AT SOVIET CAPABILITIES STRENGTHENING UNITED STATES S3CURITY THROUGH SALT HOW TO TELL A GOODSALT TREATY' FROM A BAD ONE DIS'CUSSION CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN THE SALT DEBATE. -!: FOR EWORID The johnson Foundation was priv- caust of a nuclear war. It is for this Director of Columbia University's ileged to, cooperate with the.Institute reason that the Board of Trustees of Russian Institute. of 'World AffairsUniversity orThe Johnson Foundation continues, ,Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the with other institutions which sliare Through Professor Shulman's corn- United States Department 'of State the same strong cOmmitment, to mitment and exceptional know- in the Wingspread Briefing convened support steadfastly study of the ledge of this subject, The Johnson in June, 1978 on the subject United complex factors which must be con- Foundation was able to remain States Security and the Soviet sidered in negotiating arms control active in this field, and we continue Challenge. The distinguished agreements with the Soviet Union. to be grateful for his valuable con- speakers whose presentations. are tribution to the work of this organ- reported in this publication ad-In the recent past The Johnson ization. dressed a Wingspread audience ofFoundation has initiated or'sup- ported many projects, each of which Under policy guidelines regularly Wisconstn leaders from, the fields of assessed by the Board of Trustees, business, labor, academic life, the relates/in its own way to the Un- provement of the human environ- The Johnson Foundation will con- media and the professions , ment. These have'included: tinue its educational role in advanc- ing public understanding of impor- The Johnson Foundation's commit- tant United States foreign policy ment to a better understanding of Coping with changes in Ameri- issues, including tha control of the arms control issue by, citizens can family life nuclear weaponry. Consistent with and government officials began as Improvement of basic education this commitment, The Johnson early as 1959 This initial project Human rights and United States Foundation will convene iri early was in the form of position papers foreign policy 1979 another Wingspread Briefing prepared by a number of the nation's - Prevention of youth delinquency on United States security, the Soviet outstanding experts in.the field, Racial justice in tthe United challenge, and SALT II. This brief- including the late Senator Hubert States ing will be convened by the Com- H Humphrey, Harrison Brown, Ldng term care and the aging of mittee on the Present Danger and Paul M. Doty, iflenry M. Kissinger, America the Institute of World Affairs of The Bernard T. Feld, Louis B. Sohn, and - Economic growth University of Wisconsip-Milwaukee, others. During a conference con- Wilderness preservation in cooperation with The Johnson vened by the American Academy of Reducing urbah youth unem- Foundation. Arts and-Sciences and The Johnson ployment Foundation, the papers served as Cooperation with the President's the basis .of discussion. The papers Commission, on Mental Health were subsequently published in an Health care in the United States issue of Daedalus, the scholarly journal of the American Academy It4 is right that the Foundation of Arts and Sciences,, made possible should convene specialists to deal through a Johnson Foundation with' these subjects, and we have Leslie Paffrath grant. The volume was distributed seen positive results grow \from President. widely in the United States apd-'these efforts. However, the Fpynda- The Johnson Foundition abroad and deemed to have a strong tion never allows itself to fbrget influence on public and official thnt proglams aimed at improving undetstanding of United States- the human condition will count for Soviet relations and arms controt at nothing if millions of lives are lost thaJ time. and the physical environment be. comesqinlivable through nuclear We recognize:that changes whibh destruction and contamination. take plact, in political, economi and éocial affairs require that for- For approximately a decadevrior to eign policy issues be reexamined his present aPpointment as Prin- regularly. Of all the foreign policy cipal Advisor on Soviet Affairs to tssues with which the nation must the Secretary of State, Professor deal, iti clear that none is more Marshall Shulman served as con- im portant to thee securitY of the sultant to TheJohnson Foundation ,United States and the entire globe in the field of United States-Soviet than working out agreements which Relations and Arms Control. At will prevent tlie unthinkable holo- that ,tinie Profegsor Shulman was -3 INVRODUCTION .. ge cannot assure our seg. urity hy . controls on the Soviet Backfire controversial than that of the Stra- military strength alone Neu aeapons Sp, bornbr and restrictions on the tegic Arms Limitations Talks. She tem.> acquired h. one side stimulate the other deployment of new types of ICBMs. gide to detelop more counter measures The expressed satisfaction that the, net effect is the expansion ot ueapons sys United States flexibility on these United States Department of State terns on both sides utthoia a real increase in ,issues was increasingly limited by had become aware of the need to the sec uritv of either what could realistically be expected consult with the American public to gain Senate approval, on the vital questionofnational Secretary of State Cyrus Vance survival and had developed a pro- April 10, 1978 Prospects of trouble for SALT in the gram to inform the public about Senate may reflect confusion in the United States military strategy, to mind of the American public. The explain the purposes of SALT within The Strategic Arms Limitation ongoing growth of Soviet military Talks (SALT) between the United that strategy, and to solicit the might and adventurism in Africa public's views and concerns about States and the Soviet Union began have brought expressions of public in 1969. Stated United States aims concern for the nation's security SALT. include limitation and reduction of and have rhade further accornoda- Dr. Baumann noted that Marshall strategic weapons designed to in- tion on arms control increasingly Shulman, theSeatitifyof State's crease national securityand promote cóntroversial. At the same time, the advisor on Soviet affairs, has char- strategic stabilityIn 1972 SALT general climate for SALT has been acterized United States public ONE ended with two agreements, a soured by widely publicized accusa- opinion toward the U.S.S.R. as treaty limiting antiballistic missile-tions of Soviet violations
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