Mathematical Sociologist Noah Friedkin University of California, Santa Barbara VOLUME 16, ISSUE 2 SPRING/SUMMER 2013 (Friedkin@Soc.Ucsb.Edu)

Section Officers:

Chair Mathematical Sociologist Noah Friedkin University of California, Santa Barbara VOLUME 16, ISSUE 2 SPRING/SUMMER 2013 ([email protected])

Chair-Elect On the theme for the ASA Annual Meeting Jane Sell Texas A&M ([email protected])

By: Cecilia Ridgeway, Stanford University Past Chair Katherine Faust University of California, Irvine ASA President and 2013 Program Committee Chair [email protected]

2013 Annual Meeting Theme: Interrogating Inequality: Linking Micro and Macro Secretary-Treasurer John Skvoretz 108th ASA Annual Meeting, August 10-13, Hilton New York and Sheraton New York, University of South Florida ([email protected]) New York City, NY

Council Members Alison Bianchi No set of questions is more inequality such as social status University of Iowa in addition to material forms of ([email protected]) fundamental to sociology than those about inequality—what is inequality based on positions of

Matthew Brashears it, why is it, how does it come power and resources. Cornell University about, and what can we do to ([email protected]) We need to ask, what are the

change it? The theme for the mechanisms by which each of Peter Burke 2013 meetings represents a University of California, these types of inequality is Riverside promising new effort to address ([email protected]) produced? Are the mechanisms these core questions of our INSIDE THIS ISSUE: that produce one type inequali- discipline. We will focus on to James D. Montgomery ty similar or different than University of Wisconsin-Madison coming to grips with how ine- Annual Meeting Theme 1-2 ([email protected]) those that create other types quality, in all its multi- of inequality? Are the mecha- Mathematical Sociology 3 Matthew J Salganik dimensional complexity, is Sessions at ASA Princeton University nisms that initially create a produced in contemporary soci- ([email protected]) form of inequality different Graduate Student Spot- 4-5 eties. To do so, we will focus in from those that sustain it? And, light Arnout van de Rijt particular on linking micro and SUNY Stony Brook University most importantly, how do these Mathematical Sociology in 6 (Arnout.VanDeRijt@ macro processes and perspec- stonybrook.edu ) different types of inequality Japan tives on inequality. and ways of making inequality Section Awards 6 Student Member interpenetrate and affect one Ashton Verdery The first part of this task is to University of North Carolina collectively interrogate the another to shape the social Featured Book 7 Chapel Hill ([email protected]) diverse range of inequality organization of society and life Recent Articles in Mathe- 8 processes that characterize chances within it? Social status, matical Sociology Newsletter Co-Editors for instance, is a form of social Pamela Emanuelson contemporary societies. These North Dakota State University include the familiar processes inequality based on shared 25th Annual Groups Con- 9 ([email protected]) of socioeconomic inequality but cultural beliefs but that inter- ference Donna Lancianese The University of Iowa also the cross-cutting inequali- penetrates material systems of ([email protected]) Technology 10 ties based on significant group inequality and plays an im- Webmaster IPSA—NUS Summer 11 identities, such as gender, portant role in group identity Matthew Brashears School Cornell University race, ethnicity, or sexuality. based inequalities like gender ([email protected]) They include culturally and and race. Through what pro- Call for Submissions 11 interpersonally based forms of cesses does this work? How can Back Matter 12 Continued on page 2… P A G E 2

ASA Annual Meeting Theme from the President, Continued from page 1

we intervene in key interpersonal encounters tematically made or unmade in those processes? How within them. These in turn the contemporary context. This is do these processes jointly shape and are shaped the essential first step towards interact to create by individual selves and changing those inequalities. the intersectionality choices. Our task at these

that people experi- meetings is to locate the key ence in their every- junctures among these multi- day lives? level processes that provide the levers by which different The search for mechanisms sorts of inequalities among by which different types of people and groups are sys- inequality are “made” leads to my second and major goal “...To find for the program—to alert us to the need to look across answers to micro and macro levels of analysis to find answers to essential essential questions about the questions about mechanisms that create, that ASA Annual reproduce, or that potential- the mechanisms ly could change multiple Meeting forms of inequality. Process- that create, that es at multiple levels of analy- Pre-registration reproduce, or that sis typically work together to support or undermine dura- deadline is potentially could ble patterns of inequality between individuals and be- July 10, 2013 change multiple tween social groups. Institu- tional and organizational forms of processes, for instance, inequality…” shape, but also are shaped by

MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLO GIST VOLUME 16, ISSUE 2 P A G E 3 Mathematical Sociology Sections at ASA

 Session 1 ~ Monday, August 12, 2013, 2:30 to 4:10 (location TBA) ~ Presentations: “Baseline Mixture Models for Social Networks” - by Carter T. Butts (University of California-Irvine) “Dynamic Network Logistic-Regression: A Logistic-choice Analysis of Inter/Intra-group Blog-citation-dynamics in the 2004 US Presidential Election” - by Zack W. Almquist (University of California-Irvine) & Carter T. Butts (University of California- Irvine) “From Schelling to schools. Comparing a model of residential segregation with a school segregation model” - by Victor Ionut Stoica (University of Groningen) & Andreas Flache (University of Groningen) “Understanding the Job Lead Ties of Los Angeles Residents” by Emily J Smith (University of California-Irvine), Nicholas N Nagle (University of Tennessee-Knoxville), John R. Hipp (University of California-Irvine) & Carter T. Butts (University of California- Irvine) ~ Organizer, Presider, and Discussant: Noah Friedkin (University of California- Santa Barbara)

 Session 2 ~ Monday, August 12, 2013, 4:30 to 5:30 (location TBA) ~ Presentations: “Random deviations and the micro-macro problem” by Michael Maes (ETH Zurich) & Dirk Helbing (ETH Zurich)

“Regional Variation in Status Values – An Explanation Based on Status Construction Theory” by André Grow (University of Groningen) & Andreas Flache (University of Groningen) ~ Organizer, Presider, and Discussant: Noah Friedkin (University of California- Santa Barbara) Mark Walker P A G E 4 Graduate Student Spotlight!

I received my B.A. in a role-based group will of role-based others in sociology and philosophy increase the salience of one’s personal network from Weber State Uni- that role (e.g., the pro- reflects the breadth of versity in 2008 and portion of coworkers in access that role-based joined the graduate pro- your personal network others have to the rest gram in sociology at the will heighten your work- of an individual’s net- University of Iowa that er identity). I refer to work. Whereas the social fall. I am currently work- this as the social and and emotional attach- ing on my dissertation emotional attachment ment approach suggests prospectus and expect to approach, which draws a bonding mechanism

Mark Walker, Ph.D. begin data collection heavily on the work done (that is, role-based rela- Candidate at The this summer. My re- by Stryker and col- tionships fuel the inter- University of Iowa search interests include leagues (e.g., Stryker nalization of role mean- self and identity, social and Serpe 1982, 1994; ings and expectations), networks, and the meas- Callero 1985), since it embeddedness suggests urement of personal so- suggests that social and an environmental adap- cial networks. My disser- emotional attachment to tation mechanism. Spe- tation investigates the the role accrues because cifically, I argue that the interplay between iden- of the strength and ex- embeddedness of role- tity conflict, personal tensiveness of role-based based others is expected network structure, and ties in one’s personal to increase the propor- psychological well-being. network. tion of social encounters “...Personal ties that include role- My recent work with Fre- My work, however, meanings, causing indi- can shape da Lynn (Assistant Pro- stresses an entirely dif- viduals to adopt interac- fessor, University of Io- f e r e n t m e c h a n i s m identity tional strategies that wa), which is forthcom- through which personal that account for these ing in Social Psychology ties can shape identity formation...” environmental con- Quarterly (June 2013), formation. Whereas the straints. For example, investigates the network traditional approach em- the extent to which your processes at play in the phasizes how contacts coworkers know every- relationship between directly affect an indi- one else in your network social ties to others in vidual’s sense of self, I will heighten your work- role-based groups (e.g., focus instead on how an er identity because your classmates or coworkers) individual’s contacts worker identity is likely and role-internalization may or may not be tied relevant in a wider vari- (i.e., identity salience). to one another and the ety of social situations. Theorists have tradition- subsequent impact of Note that this argument ally assumed that the “social fabric” on the is a twist on Burt’s mere presence of ties to self. The embeddedness (1992) conceptualization

MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLO GIST VOLUME 16, ISSUE 2 P A G E 5

Graduate Student Spotlight Continued from page 4 of network constraint; work analysis in the reliability of the method an individual with more study of self and identi- using an experimental structural holes in her ty. Taking a social net- design. personal network has, in work approach to this a sense, more choice issue provides additional with respect to identity information about indi- if various segments of viduals’ social worlds Check out “The Em- her network are not in (i.e., ties between social bedded Self: A Social contact with one anoth- contacts) that is general- er. ly unavailable using Networks Approach standard survey meth- The forthcoming study to Identity Theory” ods. In particular, social examines these two dis- by Mark Walker and network analysis is tinct network processes uniquely suited to fur- Freda Lynn, forth across three role- ther our understanding coming in June 2013 identities: religious, of how interpersonal work, and student. To do issue of Social Psy- relations affect the self- so, we use a vignette- chology Quarterly. structure. Additionally, References style name generator the method for eliciting designed to gather ex- Burt, Ronald S. 1992. personal social networks Structural Holes: The So- tensive personal social that we use in this paper cial Structure of Competi- networks and map out tion. Harvard University may be of interest to Press: Cambridge. the strength of ties be- sociologists who study tween the respondent Callero, Peter L. 1985. "Role- social networks. Post hoc Identity Salience." Social Psy- (ego) and their various chology Quarterly 48(3): 203- analyses, as well as post social contacts (alters) 215. session interviews from as well as the ties be- pilot data, suggest that Stryker, Sheldon, and Richard tween contacts in re- T. Serpe. 1982. "Commitment, our approach efficiently Identity Salience, and Role spondents’ social worlds. Behavior: Theory and Research generates relatively ex- Example." In Personality, Roles We find that our embed- tensive personal net- and Social Behavior, edited by dedness measure pre- W. Ickes and Knowles E., 199- works (approximately 20 218. New York: Springer- dicts identity salience, alters) without introduc- Verlag,. but the strength and ing any serious bias or Stryker, Sheldon, and Richard proportion of ties to role T. Serpe. 1994. "Identity Sali- respondent fatigue. I am -based others do not. ence and Psychological Cen- currently designing a trality: Equivalent, Overlap- These findings highlight ping, or Complementary Con- study to explicitly ad- cepts?" Social Psychology Quar- the utility of social net- dress the validity and terly 57(1): 16-35. P A G E 6 Advances in mathematical sociology in Japan

Yoshimichi Sato contributed Japan was born in the mid- Sociology of the American a review article in English 1970s and has actively de- Sociological Association. to the International Journal veloped since then. Mathe- Based on these activities, of Japanese Sociology, matical sociologists in Ja- mathematical sociology in which will be published this pan have studied various Japan could be judged to spring. The article reviews topics of mathematical be vibrant domestically and the advances in mathemati- sociology as well as of internationally; it has a cal sociology in Japan for quantitative sociology. The bright future. However, I this decade and points out Japanese Association for argue that mathematical a problem. Although math- Mathematical Sociology sociologists in Japan have ematical sociologists in (JAMS) was established in tended to confine them- Japan have published ex- 1986. It holds semi-annual selves to areas where cellent articles with origi- conferences and publishes mathematical modeling is nality, most of the articles Sociological Theory and relatively easy. These areas are written in Japanese. Methods, its official jour- are not necessarily attrac- Yoshimichi Sato, Thus mathematical sociolo- nal. Thus, the JAMS is a tive to sociologists in other gists in the world are not platform for mathematical fields. I propose that math- Tohoku University, able to read them unless sociologists in Japan to ematical sociologists in Japan they speak Japanese. Sato’s present and publish papers, Japan should tackle social article will show them an contributing to the institu- phenomena that other soci- outline of mathematical tionalization of mathemati- ologists think are critical to sociology in contemporary cal sociology in Japan. It sociology so that they fur- Japan. The following is the has also co-sponsored five ther contribute to advances abstract of his article. joint conferences with the in the discipline. Section on Mathematical Mathematical sociology in ~~Section Awards~~ Congratulations to all the winners of the Akshay Patil (Stony Brook University). section awards! Thank you to the commit- "Analyzing Dynamics in Online Social tee members and chairs for your efforts in Networks" making these difficult decisions. The next Award Committee: Arnout Van de Rijt issue of the Mathematical Sociologist will (Chair), Thomas Gautschi, Mark future the winners in detail. Fossett, Emily Erikson, and Amir Goldberg

Graduate Student Paper Award Outstanding Article Publication Award Lincoln Quillian, "Segregation and Poverty Charles Seguin (University of North Carolina Concentration: The Role of Three Segrega- at Chapel Hill, "Cultural Superstardom from tions". American Sociological Review 77: 354- Multiple Mechanisms: Two Mathematical 379. Models of Cultural Object Popularity" Award Committee: Matthew Brashears Award Committee: James Montgomery (Chair), Jimi Adams, Dawn Robinson, Mark (Chair), Vincent Buskens, Noah Mark, and Mizruchi, and James Kitts. Damon Centola Harrison White Outstanding Book Award Outstanding Dissertation in Progress Noah Friedkin and Eugene Johnsen, Social Award—Decisions for the 2012 and 2013 Influence Network Theory: A Sociological Ex- awards: amination of Small Group Dynamics (Cambridge University Press, 2011). Zack Almquist (University of California, Irvine). "Vertex Processes in Award Committee: Peter Burke (Chair), Phillip Social Networks" Bonacich, Guillermina Jasso, John Skvoretz, and Thomas Fararo

MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLO GIST VOLUME 16, ISSUE 2 P A G E 7 Featured Book: Social Influence Network Theory Social Influence Network Theory - A Sociological Investigation Table of Contents of Small Group PART I: INTRODUCTION Dynamics by Noah Friedkin and Eugene Johnson won the Harri- son White Outstanding Book Award for 2013. 1 Group Dynamics: Structural Social Psychology 2 Formalization: Attitude Change in Influence Networks Social Influence Network Theory presents a mathematical for- 3 Operationalization: Constructs and Measures malization of the social process of attitude change as it un- 4 Assessing the Model folds in a social network of interpersonal influences. The theory is applied to lines of research in small group dynamics con- PART II: INFLUENCE NETWORK PERSPECTIVE ON SMALL cerned with changes of group members' positions on an issue -- FROUPS including the 5 Consensus Formation and Efficiency formation of a consensus and of settled disagreement – via 6 The Smallest Group endogenous interpersonal influences, in which group members are responding to the displayed positions of others in the 7 Social Comparison Theory group. 8 Minority and Majority Factions 9 Choice Shift and Group Polarization Social influence network theory advances a dynamic social PART III: LINKAGES WITH OTHER FORMAL MODELS cognition mechanism, in which individuals are weighing and combining their own and others' positions on an issue. The 10 Models of Group Decision-Making influence network construct of the theory is the social struc- 11 Expectation States and Affect Control Theory ture of the endogenous interpersonal influences that are in- 12 Individuals in Groups volved in this mechanism. With this theory, the authors seek to lay the foundation for a better formal integration of classical and current lines of work on small groups in psychological and sociological social psychology.

Noah E. Friedkin is Pro- fessor of Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barba- ra. He is the author of A Structural Theory Order your copy of Social Influ- ence (Cambridge, 1998), which received today at: the award for Best Book in Mathematical Sociolo- gy from the Mathemati- Barnes and Noble cal Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association. or

Eugene C. Johnsen is Professor Emer- itus of Mathematics, former Vice Amazon.com Chair of Mathematics, and former Director of Summer Sessions at the University of California, Santa Barba- ra.

P A G E 8 Recent Articles from Volume 37 Issue 2 of Mathematical Sociology

“An Exact Algorithm for Blockmodeling of Two- Mode Network Data” MICHAEL BRUSCO, PATRICK DOREIAN, ANDREJ

MRVAR & DOUGLAS STEINLEY pages 61-84

“Method Bias in Comparative Research: Prob- lems of Construct Validity as Exemplified by the Measurement of Ethnic Diversity” ROBERT NEUMANN & PETER GRAEFF pages 85-112

“Social Values and Social Structure” DAVID WILLER, ERIC GLADSTONE & NICK BERIGAN pages 113-130

Book Review : Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks (4th ed.) by A. Barrat, M. Barthélemy, & A. Vespignani Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University. 366 pp. £48 (hardcover)

THOMAS U. GRUND pages 131-132

MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLO GIST VOLUME 16, ISSUE 2 P A G E 9

25th Annual Group Processes Conference in NYC August 9, 2013

The Twenty Fifth Anniversary Group Processes Conference is planned for the Sheraton New York on August 9 (immediately preceding ASA 2013). The conference celebrates the accom- plishments of researchers in group processes over the last 25 years while looking forward to exciting new developments in the field. The special focus of the conference is on bridging between the research traditions of group processes and the growing area of research in social media and systems of computer mediated interaction.

During the morning program scholars in several major areas of research in groups processes will set the stage for the future of research in group processes. The afternoon program will focus on building new research opportunities in theories of group processes. The program includes graduate student round tables, current research presentations, and a panel discussion on group processes, the internet, and research collaboration between academia and social media indus- try professionals. New York City is a fitting venue for the Group Processes 25th Anniversary Conference. Through the generous support of our sponsors we are able to partly subsidize the cost of attendance for all participants, and especially for graduate students. For their generous support we would like to thank facebook, Emerald Publishing, Ohio University, State University of New York at Albany, and Ashland University.

http://groupprocesses2013.blogspot.com/p/registration.html

Organizers: Robert Shelly, Ohio University David Wagner, SUNY at Albany Howard T. Welser, Ohio University Ann Shelly, Ashland University Contact us: ([email protected]; [email protected]) http://groupprocesses2013.blogspot.com/ P A G E 10 Technology... Many (if not most of us) could not do our jobs without some form of technology. In Microsoft Mathematics 4.0 ~ submitted by David Heise this section of the newsletter, you will find more information about software and Microsoft has a math package Microsoft Mathematics 4.0 that combines with the equa- can be downloaded at applications that make doing and teach- tions facility of Word. The http://www.microsoft.com/ ing mathematical sociology easier. package does symbolic alge- en- us/download/ bra, calculus, matrices, com- details.aspx?id=15702 and plex numbers, operations on the add-in for combining the lists, and some other things. package with Word is at It's not perfect - e.g., it does http://www.microsoft.com/ not compute decimals, instead en- us/download/ showing numbers as fractions, details.aspx?id=17786. sometimes with humongous numerators and denominators. However, the package is fairly Screen shot of Microsoft Math- powerful, and it has one really ematics positive feature: it is FREE (whereas Mathematica Stand- ard costs more than a thou- sand dollars)!

tion for anyone any- where. All of the site's resources Attention Graduate Students…. are available to anyone. It doesn't matter if you Greetings from the Khan Academy team! are a student, teacher, home-schooler, princi- Are you or do you know someone who would be great at pal, adult returning to making a short video explaining a difficult concept or the classroom after 20 years, or a friendly alien writing some challenging questions to help test a con- just trying to get a leg cept? If so, we would love to get your help! up in earthly biology. Khan Academy's materi- Sociology graduate students and others are invited to als and resources are enter the MCAT video competition (sponsored by the A free world- available to you com- class education pletely free of charge. AAMC, Khan Academy, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation) for the chance to become content creators for anyone any- https:// where. www.khanacademy.org/ for the behavioral sciences content on the revised MCAT exam. Winners will join the Khan Academy team in cre- “You can download the Khan Academy is an or- ating free educational videos on topics related to the ganization on a mission. app from the iTunes We're a not-for-profit store. I love this psychological, social and biological foundations of be- with the goal of chang- app!” (~Donna Lancia- havior. ing education for the nese newsletter co- better by providing a editor) Contest submissions are now being accepted and the free world-class educa- https://itunes.apple.com/ deadline is June 14, 2013. us/app/khan-academy/ id469863705?mt=8 To view full contest rules, submission guidelines, and criteria for entry: http://www.khanacademy.org/about/ med-competition

MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLO GIST VOLUME 16, ISSUE 2 P A G E 11 Invitation to IPSA-NUS Summer School for Social Science Research Methods

courses to its roster, such as Ap- Join us for two weeks of rigor- plied Data Analysis, Causal Infer- ous training in social science ence, and Game Theory. Overall, research methods and truly the Summer School offers eleven global networking opportunities. courses in quantitative, qualita- Acquire cutting-edge quantitative, and formal methods – eight tive and qualitative methods regular two-week courses, two skills, meet future collaborators one-week Survey Methods cours- and co-authors, and make new es, and an additional two-week friends with similar research Discourse Analysis course that interests from all over the Asia- Pacific, the U.S., Europe, and nd runs July 22-August 2, 2013. All The 2 Annual IPSA-NUS Summer courses focus on both the theory beyond. School for Social Science Research and practice of social science re- Methods will be held July 8-19, search and provide high-quality Join us in one of the world's 2013, at the National University of training in diverse, state-of-the- most fascinating cities this July. Singapore. art methods and techniques by Join us in the Lion City of Singa- outstanding and highly experi- pore! The Summer School has added a enced international faculty. number of basic and advanced

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 As always, open submissions are welcome! Thank you for your timely contributions to the spring/summer Issue of the Mathematical Sociologist. Please continue to send us your announcements, articles, book reviews, conference announcements, etc. The more you are involved with the newsletter, the better it will be.

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Mission Statement of the Mathematical Sociology Section

The purpose of the Mathematical Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association is to encourage, enhance and foster research, teaching and other professional activities in mathematical sociology, for the development of sociology and the benefit of society, through organized meetings, conferences, newsletters, publications, awards and other means deemed appropriate by the Section Council. The Section seeks to promote communication, collaboration and consul- tation among scholars in sociology in general, mathematical sociology and allied scientific disci- plines.

Archimedes Quoted in D MacHale There are things which seem incredible to most men who have not studied mathematics.