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2006 Annual Report
Contents Clay Mathematics Institute 2006 James A. Carlson Letter from the President 2 Recognizing Achievement Fields Medal Winner Terence Tao 3 Persi Diaconis Mathematics & Magic Tricks 4 Annual Meeting Clay Lectures at Cambridge University 6 Researchers, Workshops & Conferences Summary of 2006 Research Activities 8 Profile Interview with Research Fellow Ben Green 10 Davar Khoshnevisan Normal Numbers are Normal 15 Feature Article CMI—Göttingen Library Project: 16 Eugene Chislenko The Felix Klein Protocols Digitized The Klein Protokolle 18 Summer School Arithmetic Geometry at the Mathematisches Institut, Göttingen, Germany 22 Program Overview The Ross Program at Ohio State University 24 PROMYS at Boston University Institute News Awards & Honors 26 Deadlines Nominations, Proposals and Applications 32 Publications Selected Articles by Research Fellows 33 Books & Videos Activities 2007 Institute Calendar 36 2006 Another major change this year concerns the editorial board for the Clay Mathematics Institute Monograph Series, published jointly with the American Mathematical Society. Simon Donaldson and Andrew Wiles will serve as editors-in-chief, while I will serve as managing editor. Associate editors are Brian Conrad, Ingrid Daubechies, Charles Fefferman, János Kollár, Andrei Okounkov, David Morrison, Cliff Taubes, Peter Ozsváth, and Karen Smith. The Monograph Series publishes Letter from the president selected expositions of recent developments, both in emerging areas and in older subjects transformed by new insights or unifying ideas. The next volume in the series will be Ricci Flow and the Poincaré Conjecture, by John Morgan and Gang Tian. Their book will appear in the summer of 2007. In related publishing news, the Institute has had the complete record of the Göttingen seminars of Felix Klein, 1872–1912, digitized and made available on James Carlson. -
“The Church-Turing “Thesis” As a Special Corollary of Gödel's
“The Church-Turing “Thesis” as a Special Corollary of Gödel’s Completeness Theorem,” in Computability: Turing, Gödel, Church, and Beyond, B. J. Copeland, C. Posy, and O. Shagrir (eds.), MIT Press (Cambridge), 2013, pp. 77-104. Saul A. Kripke This is the published version of the book chapter indicated above, which can be obtained from the publisher at https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/computability. It is reproduced here by permission of the publisher who holds the copyright. © The MIT Press The Church-Turing “ Thesis ” as a Special Corollary of G ö del ’ s 4 Completeness Theorem 1 Saul A. Kripke Traditionally, many writers, following Kleene (1952) , thought of the Church-Turing thesis as unprovable by its nature but having various strong arguments in its favor, including Turing ’ s analysis of human computation. More recently, the beauty, power, and obvious fundamental importance of this analysis — what Turing (1936) calls “ argument I ” — has led some writers to give an almost exclusive emphasis on this argument as the unique justification for the Church-Turing thesis. In this chapter I advocate an alternative justification, essentially presupposed by Turing himself in what he calls “ argument II. ” The idea is that computation is a special form of math- ematical deduction. Assuming the steps of the deduction can be stated in a first- order language, the Church-Turing thesis follows as a special case of G ö del ’ s completeness theorem (first-order algorithm theorem). I propose this idea as an alternative foundation for the Church-Turing thesis, both for human and machine computation. Clearly the relevant assumptions are justified for computations pres- ently known. -
Tōhoku Rick Jardine
INFERENCE / Vol. 1, No. 3 Tōhoku Rick Jardine he publication of Alexander Grothendieck’s learning led to great advances: the axiomatic description paper, “Sur quelques points d’algèbre homo- of homology theory, the theory of adjoint functors, and, of logique” (Some Aspects of Homological Algebra), course, the concepts introduced in Tōhoku.5 Tin the 1957 number of the Tōhoku Mathematical Journal, This great paper has elicited much by way of commen- was a turning point in homological algebra, algebraic tary, but Grothendieck’s motivations in writing it remain topology and algebraic geometry.1 The paper introduced obscure. In a letter to Serre, he wrote that he was making a ideas that are now fundamental; its language has with- systematic review of his thoughts on homological algebra.6 stood the test of time. It is still widely read today for the He did not say why, but the context suggests that he was clarity of its ideas and proofs. Mathematicians refer to it thinking about sheaf cohomology. He may have been think- simply as the Tōhoku paper. ing as he did, because he could. This is how many research One word is almost always enough—Tōhoku. projects in mathematics begin. The radical change in Gro- Grothendieck’s doctoral thesis was, by way of contrast, thendieck’s interests was best explained by Colin McLarty, on functional analysis.2 The thesis contained important who suggested that in 1953 or so, Serre inveigled Gro- results on the tensor products of topological vector spaces, thendieck into working on the Weil conjectures.7 The Weil and introduced mathematicians to the theory of nuclear conjectures were certainly well known within the Paris spaces. -
Report for the Academic Year 1995
Institute /or ADVANCED STUDY REPORT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1994 - 95 PRINCETON NEW JERSEY Institute /or ADVANCED STUDY REPORT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1 994 - 95 OLDEN LANE PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY 08540-0631 609-734-8000 609-924-8399 (Fax) Extract from the letter addressed by the Founders to the Institute's Trustees, dated June 6, 1930. Newark, New jersey. It is fundamental in our purpose, and our express desire, that in the appointments to the staff and faculty, as well as in the admission of workers and students, no account shall be taken, directly or indirectly, of race, religion, or sex. We feel strongly that the spirit characteristic of America at its noblest, above all the pursuit of higher learning, cannot admit of any conditions as to personnel other than those designed to promote the objects for which this institution is established, and particularly with no regard whatever to accidents of race, creed, or sex. TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5 • FOUNDERS, TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD AND OF THE CORPORATION 8 • ADMINISTRATION 11 REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN 15 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 23 • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 27 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS, VISITORS AND RESEARCH STAFF 36 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS AND VISITORS 42 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS AND VISITORS 50 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS, VISITORS AND RESEARCH STAFF 55 • REPORT OF THE INSTITUTE LIBRARIES 57 • RECORD OF INSTITUTE EVENTS IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1994-95 85 • INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Institute for Advanced Study is an independent, nonprofit institution devoted to the encouragement of learning and scholarship. -
Homogeneous Flows, Moduli Spaces and Arithmetic
CLAY MATHEMATICS INSTITUTE SUMMER SCHOOL 2007 Homogeneous Flows, Moduli Spaces and Arithmetic at the Centro di Ricerca Matematica Designed for graduate students and mathematicians within Ennio De Giorgi, Pisa, Italy five years of their PhD, the program is an introduction to the theory of flows on homogeneous spaces, moduli spaces and their many applications. These flows give concrete examples of dynamical systems with highly interesting behavior and a rich and powerful theory. They are also a source of many interesting problems and conjectures. Furthermore, understanding the dynamics of such a concrete system lends to numerous applications in number theory and geometry regarding equidistributions, diophantine approximations, rational billiards and automorphic forms. The school will consist of three weeks of foundational courses Photo: Peter Adams and one week of mini-courses focusing on more advanced topics. June 11th to July 6th 2007 Lecturers to include: Organizing Committee Nalini Anantharaman, Artur Avila, Manfred Einsiedler, Alex Eskin, Manfred Einsiedler, David Ellwood, Alex Eskin, Dmitry Kleinbock, Elon Svetlana Katok, Dmitry Kleinbock, Elon Lindenstrauss, Shahar Mozes, Lindenstrauss, Gregory Margulis, Stefano Marmi, Peter Sarnak, Hee Oh, Akshay Venkatesh, Jean-Christophe Yoccoz Jean-Christophe Yoccoz, Don Zagier Foundational Courses Graduate Postdoctoral Funding Unipotent flows and applications Funding is available to graduate students and postdoctoral fellows (within 5 Alex Eskin & Dmitry Kleinbock years of their PhD). Standard -
Diagonalizable Flows on Locally Homogeneous Spaces and Number
Diagonalizable flows on locally homogeneous spaces and number theory Manfred Einsiedler and Elon Lindenstrauss∗ Abstract.We discuss dynamical properties of actions of diagonalizable groups on locally homogeneous spaces, particularly their invariant measures, and present some number theoretic and spectral applications. Entropy plays a key role in the study of theses invariant measures and in the applications. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 37D40, 37A45, 11J13, 81Q50 Keywords. invariant measures, locally homogeneous spaces, Littlewood’s conjecture, quantum unique ergodicity, distribution of periodic orbits, ideal classes, entropy. 1. Introduction Flows on locally homogeneous spaces are a special kind of dynamical systems. The ergodic theory and dynamics of these flows are very rich and interesting, and their study has a long and distinguished history. What is more, this study has found numerous applications throughout mathematics. The spaces we consider are of the form Γ\G where G is a locally compact group and Γ a discrete subgroup of G. Typically one takes G to be either a Lie group, a linear algebraic group over a local field, or a product of such. Any subgroup H < G acts on Γ\G and this action is precisely the type of action we will consider here. One of the most important examples which features in numerous number theoretical applications is the space PGL(n, Z)\ PGL(n, R) which can be identified with the space of lattices in Rn up to homothety. Part of the beauty of the subject is that the study of very concrete actions can have meaningful implications. For example, in the late 1980s G. -
Institut Des Hautes Ét Udes Scientifiques
InstItut des Hautes É t u d e s scIentIfIques A foundation in the public interest since 1981 2 | IHES IHES | 3 Contents A VISIONARY PROJECT, FOR EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE P. 5 Editorial P. 6 Founder P. 7 Permanent professors A MODERN-DAY THELEMA FOR A GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY P. 8 Research P. 9 Visitors P. 10 Events P. 11 International INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM, THE INSTITUTE’S TWO OPERATIONAL PILLARS P. 12 Finance P. 13 Governance P. 14 Members P. 15 Tax benefits The Marilyn and James Simons Conference Center The aim of the Foundation known as ‘Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques’ is to enable and encourage theoretical scientific research (…). [Its] activity consists mainly in providing the Institute’s professors and researchers, both permanent and invited, with the resources required to undertake disinterested IHES February 2016 Content: IHES Communication Department – Translation: Hélène Wilkinson – Design: blossom-creation.com research. Photo Credits: Valérie Touchant-Landais / IHES, Marie-Claude Vergne / IHES – Cover: unigma All rights reserved Extract from the statutes of the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, 1958. 4 | IHES IHES | 5 A visionary project, for excellence in science Editorial Emmanuel Ullmo, Mathematician, IHES Director A single scientific program: curiosity. A single selection criterion: excellence. The Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques is an international mathematics and theoretical physics research center. Free of teaching duties and administrative tasks, its professors and visitors undertake research in complete independence and total freedom, at the highest international level. Ever since it was created, IHES has cultivated interdisciplinarity. The constant dialogue between mathematicians and theoretical physicists has led to particularly rich interactions. -
For Your Information
fyi.qxp 3/18/98 3:19 PM Page 244 For Your Information structure federal support. The study is part of a larger ef- International Study of fort at the Academy to gauge where the U.S. stands in- Mathematics and Science ternationally in scientific research. The motivation comes from a 1993 report by the Committee on Science, Engi- Achievement neering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP), which set forth strate- gies for making decisions about how best to use federal The first installment of results from the Third International research funds. COSEPUP is a committee of the NAS, the Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) was released on No- National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Med- vember 20. This first batch of data pertains to achievement icine. The COSEPUP report recommended that the U.S. aim of eighth-graders; later releases will focus on fourth- and to be the world leader in certain critical fields and to be twelfth-graders. The study found that U.S. eighth-graders among the leaders in other areas. The report urged field- performed below the international average in mathemat- by-field assessments by independent panels of researchers ics but slightly above average in science. The U.S. was in the field, researchers in closely related fields, and users among thirty-three countries in which there was no sta- of the research. The mathematical sciences study is the first tistically significant difference between the performance such assessment. If this project is successful, the Academy of eighth-grade boys and girls in mathematics. The study will follow suit with other areas. -
Biographical Sketch of Jean Bourgain Born
Biographical Sketch of Jean Bourgain Born: February 28, 1954 in Ostende, Belgium Citizenship: Citizen of Belgium Education: 1977 - Ph.D., Free University of Brussels 1979 - Habilitation Degree, Free University of Brussels Appointments: Research Fellowship in Belgium NSF (NFWO), 1975-1981 Professor at Free University of Brussels, 1981-1985 J.L. Doob Professor of Mathematics, University of Illinois, 1985-2006 Professor a IHES (France), 1985-1995 Lady Davis Professor of Mathematics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1988 Fairchild Distinguished Professor, Caltech, 1991 Professor IAS, 1994- IBM, Von Neumann Professor IAS, 2010– Honors: Alumni Prize, Belgium NSF, 1979 Empain Prize, Belgium NSF, 1983 Salem Prize, 1983 Damry-Deleeuw-Bourlart Prize (awarded by Belgian NSF), 1985 (quintesimal Belgian Science Prize) Langevin Prize (French Academy), 1985 E. Cartan Prize (French Academy), 1990 (quintesimal) Ostrowski Prize, Ostrowski Foundation (Basel-Switzerland), 1991 (biannual) Fields Medal, ICM Zurich, 1994 I.V. Vernadski Gold Medal, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2010 Shaw Prize, 2010 Crafoord Prize 2012, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Dr. H.C. Hebrew University, 1991 Dr. H.C. Universit´eMarne-la-Vallee (France), 1994 Dr. H.C. Free University of Brussels (Belgium), 1995 Associ´eEtranger de l’Academie des Sciences, 2000 Foreign Member of the Polish Academy, 2000 Foreign Member Academia Europaea, 2008 Foreign Member Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2009 Foreign Associate National Academy of Sciences, 2011 International Congress of Mathematics, Warsaw (1983), Berkeley (1986), Zurich (1994) - plenary International Congress on Mathematical Physics, Paris (1994), Rio (2006) - plenary 1 European Mathematical Congress, Paris (1992), Amsterdam (2008) - plenary Lecture Series: A. Zygmund Lectures, Univ. -
Unfolding of Systems of Inductive Definitions
UNFOLDINGOFSYSTEMSOFINDUCTIVE DEFINITIONS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND THE COMMITTEE OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FORTHEDEGREEOF DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY Ulrik Torben Buchholtz December 2013 © 2013 by Ulrik Torben Buchholtz. All Rights Reserved This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/kg627pm6592 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Solomon Feferman, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Grigori Mints, Co-Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Thomas Strahm Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost for Graduate Education An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii iv ABSTRACT This thesis is a contribution to Solomon Feferman’s Unfolding Program which aims to provide a general method of capturing the operations on individuals and predicates (and the principles governing them) that are implicit in a formal axiomatic system based on open-ended schemata. -
Spring 2014 Fine Letters
Spring 2014 Issue 3 Department of Mathematics Department of Mathematics Princeton University Fine Hall, Washington Rd. Princeton, NJ 08544 Department Chair’s letter The department is continuing its period of Assistant to the Chair and to the Depart- transition and renewal. Although long- ment Manager, and Will Crow as Faculty The Wolf time faculty members John Conway and Assistant. The uniform opinion of the Ed Nelson became emeriti last July, we faculty and staff is that we made great Prize for look forward to many years of Ed being choices. Peter amongst us and for John continuing to hold Among major faculty honors Alice Chang Sarnak court in his “office” in the nook across from became a member of the Academia Sinica, Professor Peter Sarnak will be awarded this the common room. We are extremely Elliott Lieb became a Foreign Member of year’s Wolf Prize in Mathematics. delighted that Fernando Coda Marques and the Royal Society, John Mather won the The prize is awarded annually by the Wolf Assaf Naor (last Fall’s Minerva Lecturer) Brouwer Prize, Sophie Morel won the in- Foundation in the fields of agriculture, will be joining us as full professors in augural AWM-Microsoft Research prize in chemistry, mathematics, medicine, physics, Alumni , faculty, students, friends, connect with us, write to us at September. Algebra and Number Theory, Peter Sarnak and the arts. The award will be presented Our finishing graduate students did very won the Wolf Prize, and Yasha Sinai the by Israeli President Shimon Peres on June [email protected] well on the job market with four win- Abel Prize. -
January 2011 Prizes and Awards
January 2011 Prizes and Awards 4:25 P.M., Friday, January 7, 2011 PROGRAM SUMMARY OF AWARDS OPENING REMARKS FOR AMS George E. Andrews, President BÔCHER MEMORIAL PRIZE: ASAF NAOR, GUNTHER UHLMANN American Mathematical Society FRANK NELSON COLE PRIZE IN NUMBER THEORY: CHANDRASHEKHAR KHARE AND DEBORAH AND FRANKLIN TEPPER HAIMO AWARDS FOR DISTINGUISHED COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY JEAN-PIERRE WINTENBERGER TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS LEVI L. CONANT PRIZE: DAVID VOGAN Mathematical Association of America JOSEPH L. DOOB PRIZE: PETER KRONHEIMER AND TOMASZ MROWKA EULER BOOK PRIZE LEONARD EISENBUD PRIZE FOR MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS: HERBERT SPOHN Mathematical Association of America RUTH LYTTLE SATTER PRIZE IN MATHEMATICS: AMIE WILKINSON DAVID P. R OBBINS PRIZE LEROY P. S TEELE PRIZE FOR LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT: JOHN WILLARD MILNOR Mathematical Association of America LEROY P. S TEELE PRIZE FOR MATHEMATICAL EXPOSITION: HENRYK IWANIEC BÔCHER MEMORIAL PRIZE LEROY P. S TEELE PRIZE FOR SEMINAL CONTRIBUTION TO RESEARCH: INGRID DAUBECHIES American Mathematical Society FOR AMS-MAA-SIAM LEVI L. CONANT PRIZE American Mathematical Society FRANK AND BRENNIE MORGAN PRIZE FOR OUTSTANDING RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS BY AN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT: MARIA MONKS LEONARD EISENBUD PRIZE FOR MATHEMATICS AND OR PHYSICS F AWM American Mathematical Society LOUISE HAY AWARD FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: PATRICIA CAMPBELL RUTH LYTTLE SATTER PRIZE IN MATHEMATICS M. GWENETH HUMPHREYS AWARD FOR MENTORSHIP OF UNDERGRADUATE WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS: American Mathematical Society RHONDA HUGHES ALICE T. S CHAFER PRIZE FOR EXCELLENCE IN MATHEMATICS BY AN UNDERGRADUATE WOMAN: LOUISE HAY AWARD FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS EDUCATION SHERRY GONG Association for Women in Mathematics ALICE T. S CHAFER PRIZE FOR EXCELLENCE IN MATHEMATICS BY AN UNDERGRADUATE WOMAN FOR JPBM Association for Women in Mathematics COMMUNICATIONS AWARD: NICOLAS FALACCI AND CHERYL HEUTON M.