DOCSLIB.ORG

Caesar De Bello Gallico Vocabulary 1.1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Caesar De Bello Gallico Vocabulary 1.1 Caesar De Bello Gallico Vocabulary 1.1 Gallia, -ae, f.: Gaul, roughly equivalent to modern France Galli , -ōrum m.: Gauls, people from Gaul. dī-vĭdo, -ĕre, vīsi, -vīsum: divide in-cŏlo, -ĕre, -lŭi: to inhabit, dwell in institutum, -i, n.: fixed course or principle; habit, institution, custom proptĕrĕā for that cause, on that account; proptĕrĕā quod, 'for the reason that', 'because' cultus, -ūs, m.: training, education, culture hūmānĭtas, -ātis, f.: liberal education, elegance of manners or language, refinement mĭnĭmē: superl. adv. least mercātor, -ōris, m.: trader, merchant com-mĕo, -āre: go up and down, come and go, visit frequently ef-fēmĭno, -āre: to make womanish, enervate, weaken per-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -tinŭi: relate to, belong to importo, -āre: bring in, import; introduce; bring upon, cause Germani, -orum m.: Germani, or Germans Rhenus, -i m.: the river Rhenus, the Rhine. Helvetii, -orum m.: the Helvetii or Helvetians. historical map contĭnenter: adv., continuously, without interruption prae-cēdo, -ĕre, -cessi, -cessum: go before, precede; surpass, excel fines, -ium f. pl.: borders, and hence territory, land, country enclosed within boundaries ob-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -tĭnŭi, -tentum: hold, possess, keep possession of ĭnĭtĭum , -ĭi n.: beginning căpĭo, -ĕre, cēpi, captum: to have, seize, take at-tingo, -ĕre, tĭgi, tactum: to touch Rhodanus, -i m.: the river Rhodanus, the Rhone (Walker) septentrĭōnes, -um, m. pl.: the north ŏrĭor, oriri, ortus sum: arise, spring from, proceed from occāsus , -ūs m.: setting (of the heavenly bodies); the west vergo , -ĕre: to bend, turn, incline; lie, be situated 1.2 nobilis, -e: well-known, distinguished, noted; of noble birth, noble; as noun, a noble dīves, -ĭtis: rich; superl. dītissimus in-dūco, -ĕre, -xi, -ctum: lead in; move, excite, persuade, mislead, seduce coniūrātiō, -ōnis f.: swearing together; union confirmed by an oath; conspiracy nōbĭlĭtas, ātis, f.: the nobility, the nobles, the aristocracy cīvĭtas, -ātis f.: the citizens united in a community, the body-politic, the state imperium, -i n.: authority, sway, supreme power, dominion, sovereignty pŏtĭor, -īrī, -ītus sum: to become master of, to take possession of, to get, obtain, acquire (+ abl.) per-suādĕo, -ēre, -si, -sum: to persuade, convince of a fact; persuade, prevail upon per-făcĭlis, -e: very easy praesto, -āre, -stĭti, -stĭtum: excel, be superior to (+ dat.) con-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -tĭnŭi, -tentum: keep in, surround, contain; hold back, restrain Iura, -ae, f.: the Jura mountains, a small mountain range north of the Alps. Lemannus, -i m.: Lake Lemannus, better Lake Leman or the Lake of Geneva. satellite image văgor, -āri, -ātus sum: wander, roam, range fīnĭtĭmus, -a, -um: neighboring, adjacent bello, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: wage war cŭpĭdus, -a, -um: desirous, eager, keen; ambitious, eager for adficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus: influence, work upon; affect by, treat with angustus, -a, -um: narrow fortĭtūdo, -ĭnis f.: strength, bravery, courage arbĭtror, -āri: think, judge păteo, -ēre: to be open, stand open, lie open; extend 1.3 ad-dūco,-ĕre, -xi, -ctum: prompt, induce, prevail upon, persuade, move, incite auctōrĭtas, -ātis f.: clout, influence per-mŏvĕo, -ēre, -mōvi, -mōtum: to stir up, rouse up, excite; to influence, lead, induce, persuade, prevail on con-stĭtŭo, -ĕre, -ŭi, -ūtum: decide per-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -ŭi: belong, relate, concern, pertain or have reference to any thing prŏfĭciscor, -ficisci, -fectus sum: to start forward, set out, depart com-păro, -āre: prepare, get ready iūmentum, -ī n.: beast of burden cŏ-ĕmo, -ĕre, -ēmi, -emptum: buy in large quantities, buy up sēmentis, -is f.: a sowing, planting suppĕto, -ĕre, -īvi or ĭi, -ītum: be in store, be at hand; suffice confĭcĭo, -ĕre, -fēci, -fectum: to make together; bring about, accomplish bĭennĭum, -i n.: space of two years duco, -ere, duxi, ductum: consider prŏfectĭo, -ōnis f.: departure dē-lĭgo, -ĕre, -lēgi, -lectum: choose, select Casticus, -i m. a Gallic chieftain Catamantaloedis, -is m. a Gallic chieftain, father of Casticus regnum, -i, n.: dominion, sovereignty, rule, authority occŭpo, -āre: take possession of, seize Dumnorix, -igis m.: Dumnorix, a Aeduan chieftan, brother of Diviacus Aeduus, -a, -um: of the Aedui, one of the most powerful of the Gallic tribes Diviciacus, -i m.: a chief of the Aedui, friendly to the Romans princĭpātus, ūs, m.: the chief place in the state or the army, the post of commander-in-chief plebs, plebis f.: the people, common people, the masses acceptus, -a, -um: welcome, pleasant, agreeable prŏbo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to make acceptable, to recommend; aliquid alicui, to convince one of any thing dŭbĭum, -i, n.: doubt quīn: (after words expressing doubt, ignorance, etc.) 'that' concĭlĭo, -āre: to procure, provide, prepare, produce something for one iūs iūrandum: an oath firmus, -a, -um: firm, strong, stout 1.4 indĭcĭum, -ĭi n.: information, disclosure, evidence ēnuntĭo, -āre: tell, disclose; declare, announce cōgo, -ĕre, cŏēgi, cŏactum: compel damno, -āre: condemn, sentence, punish ŏportet, -tēre, -tŭit: it behooves, it is proper, one should or ought ignis, -is, m.: fire crĕmo, -āre: burn, consume by fire constĭtūtus, -a, -um: arranged, set dictĭo, -ōnis f.: a saying, speaking, uttering iūdicium, -ī n.: trial, legal investigation; jurisdiction; power of discernment, judging ŏbaerā-tus, -i, m.: a person involved in debt, a debtor ē-rĭpĭo, -ĕre, -ĭpŭi, -eptum: snatch away, tear out; snatch, free, rescue incĭto, -āre: rouse, excite exsĕquor, -sequi, -secūtus sum: pursue, follow to the end, prosecute, carry out cōnor, -āri, -ātus sum: undertake, endeavor, attempt, exert oneself, strive măgistrātus, -ūs m.: magistrate, state official suspīcĭo, -ōnis, f.: suspicion quīn: (after words expressing doubt, ignorance, etc.) 'that' conscisco, -ĕre, -scīvi or -scĭi, -scītum: bring on oneself, inflict on oneself 1.5 exĕo, -īre, -ĭi, -ĭtum: go out, go away, go forth vīcus, -i m.: village quādringenti, -ae, -a: four hundred aedĭfĭcĭum, -i n.: a building incendo, -ĕre, -cendi, -censum: kindle, set fire, burn praeterquam: adv., besides, except combūro, -urĕre, -ussi, -ustum: to burn up, consume entirely rĕdĭtĭo , -ōnis f.: a going back, a return tollo, -ĕre, sustŭli, sublātum: remove sŭb-ĕo, -īre, -ĭi, -ĭtum: undergo, submit to mŏlo, -ĕre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: grind in a mill cĭbārĭa, -ōrum n.: food, rations ascisco, -ĕre, ascīvi, ascītum: receive, admit; adopt, take to oneself 1.6 omnīno: adv., altogether, entirely, wholly Sequani, -orum: the Sequani, a Gallic people who occupied the upper river basin of the Arar (Saône), the valley of the Doubs and the Jura Mountains, their territory corresponding to Franche-Comté and part of Burgundy. Iura, -ae, f.: the Jura mountains, a small mountain range north of the Alps. angustus, -a, -um: narrow singŭli, -ae, -a: single, separate, inividual carrus, -i m.: wagon dūco, -ĕre, duxi, ductum: draw impendĕo, ēre: to hang over any thing, to overhang perpaucī, -ae, -a: very few ex-pĕdīte: adv., without impediment, without difficulty, readily, promptly, quickly fines, -ium f. pl.: borders, and hence territory, land, country enclosed within boundaries Helvetii, -orum m.: the Helvetii or Helvetians. historical map Alloborges, -um, m. pl.: the Allobroges, a Celtic tribe of ancient Gaul, located between the Rhône River and the Lake of Geneva in what later became Savoy, Dauphiné, and Vivarais. pāco, -āre: pacify, make peaceful Rhodanus, -i m.: the river Rhodanus, the Rhone vădum, i, n.: a shallow place in water, a shallow, shoal, ford trans-ĕo, -īre, -īvi or -ĭi, -ĭtum: go over, cross, pass over Genava, -ae f.: Genava, a city of the Allobroges, now Geneva pons, pontis, f.: bridge per-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -ŭi,: to stretch out, reach, extend to a place per-suādĕo, -ēre, -si, -sum: to persuade, convince of a fact; persuade, prevail upon existĭmo, -āre: judge a thing according to its value; form a judgment; consider, regard Kalendae, -arum f.: the Calends, the first day of the Roman month 1.7 contendo, -ĕre, -tendi, tentum: stretch, strain; strive to get to a place, to seek to arrive at, to go, march, or journey hastily to ĭter, ĭtĭnĕris, n.: a going to a distant place, a journey, a march; a journey, a march, considered as a measure of distance; iter unius diei, a day's journey; quam maximis itineribus potest, 'by making each day's journey as long as possible', i. e. forced marches mātūro, -āre: to make haste or hasten to do a thing (+ infinitive) ultĕrĭor, -ĭus: farther, on the farther side, that is beyond lĕgĭo, ōnis, f.: a legion, the largest unit of the Roman army. It consisted in Caesar's day of about 4,800 heavily armed men. rēscindo, -ĕre, -scĭdi, -scissum: tear back, tear away again, cut away adventus, -ūs, m.: arrival certus, -a, -um: certain, sure; certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicuius rei, with acc. and inf., with a relative clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing princeps, -ipis: adj., taking the first place; chief, most prominent, first; as a noun, chief or principal person, leader, chief. lēgātĭo, -ōnis f.: delegated authority; office of an ambassador, commander, commander-in-chief; an embassy, legation mălĕfĭcĭum, -ĭi n.: wrongdoing voluntas, -tatis f. will; ad voluntatem, de, ex voluntate or just voluntate, according to the will, with the consent, at the desire of any one occīdo, -ĕre, -cīdi, -cīsum: to strike down, beat to the ground, kill pello, -ĕre, pĕpŭli, pulsum: strike; as a military term, to drive back, discomfit, rout (the enemy) iugum, -ī n.: yoke or collar; cross-bar (Roman ‘yoke’) concēdo, -ĕre, -cessi, -cessum: yield,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Language Contact and Identity in Roman Britain
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 5-16-2016 12:00 AM Language Contact and Identity in Roman Britain Robert Jackson Woodcock The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Professor Alexander Meyer The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Classics A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Arts © Robert Jackson Woodcock 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Indo- European Linguistics and Philology Commons Recommended Citation Woodcock, Robert Jackson, "Language Contact and Identity in Roman Britain" (2016). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 3775. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3775 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Language is one of the most significant aspects of cultural identity. This thesis examines the evidence of languages in contact in Roman Britain in order to determine the role that language played in defining the identities of the inhabitants of this Roman province. All forms of documentary evidence from monumental stone epigraphy to ownership marks scratched onto pottery are analyzed for indications of bilingualism and language contact in Roman Britain. The language and subject matter of the Vindolanda writing tablets from a Roman army fort on the northern frontier are analyzed for indications of bilingual interactions between Roman soldiers and their native surroundings, as well as Celtic interference on the Latin that was written and spoken by the Roman army.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Gallo-Roman Relations Under the Early Empire by Ryan Walsh A
    Gallo-Roman Relations under the Early Empire By Ryan Walsh A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013 © Ryan Walsh 2013 1 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This paper examines the changing attitudes of Gallo-Romans from the time of Caesar's conquest in the 50s BCE to the start of Vespasian's reign in 70-71 CE and how Roman prejudice shaped those attitudes. I first examine the conflicted opinions of the Gauls in Caesar's time and how they eventually banded together against him but were defeated. Next, the activities of each Julio-Claudian emperor are examined to see how they impacted Gaul and what the Gallo-Roman response was. Throughout this period there is clear evidence of increased Romanisation amongst the Gauls and the prominence of the region is obvious in imperial policy. This changes with Nero's reign where Vindex's rebellion against the emperor highlights the prejudices still effecting Roman attitudes. This only becomes worse in the rebellion of Civilis the next year. After these revolts, the Gallo-Romans appear to retreat from imperial offices and stick to local affairs, likely as a direct response to Rome's rejection of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Keltoi and Hellenes: a Study of the Celts in the Hellenistic World
    KELTOI AND THE HELLENES A STUDY OF THE CELTS IN THE HELLENISTIC WoRU) PATRICK EGAN In the third century B.C. a large body ofCeltic tribes thrust themselves violently into the turbulent world of the Diadochoi,’ immediately instilling fear, engendering anger and finally, commanding respect from the peoples with whom they came into contact. Their warlike nature, extreme hubris and vigorous energy resembled Greece’s own Homeric past, but represented a culture, language and way of life totally alien to that of the Greeks and Macedonians in this period. In the years that followed, the Celts would go on to ravage Macedonia, sack Delphi, settle their own “kingdom” and ifil the ranks of the Successors’ armies. They would leave indelible marks on the Hellenistic World, first as plundering barbaroi and finally, as adapted, integral elements and members ofthe greatermulti-ethnic society that was taking shape around them. This paper will explore the roles played by the Celts by examining their infamous incursions into Macedonia and Greece, their phase of settlement and occupation ofwhat was to be called Galatia, their role as mercenaries, and finally their transition and adaptation, most noticeably on the individual level, to the demands of the world around them. This paper will also seek to challenge some of the traditionally hostile views held by Greek historians regarding the role, achievements, and the place the Celts occupied as members, not simply predators, of the Hellenistic World.2 19 THE DAWN OF THE CELTS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD The Celts were not unknown to all Greeks in the years preceding the Deiphic incursion of February, 279.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography
    Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid.
    [Show full text]
  • Week 9: Rome & the Provinces
    MMM Week 9: Rome & The Provinces 1. Range of Roman rule Of this whole country that is subject to the Romans, some parts are indeed ruled by kings, but the Romans retain others themselves, calling them Provinces, and send to them praefects and collectors of tribute. But there are also some free cities, of which some came over to the Romans at the outset as friends, whereas others were set free by the Romans themselves as a mark of honour. There are also some potentates and phylarchs and priests subject to them. Now these live in accordance with certain ancestral laws. (Strabo, Geo. 17.3.24=LACTOR M29) 2a. Judaea census, AD 6 In those days Caesar Augustus issued a decree that a census should be taken of the entire Roman world. This was the first census that took place while Quirinius was governor of Syria. (Gospel of Luke 2.1-2) b. Response to census Now Cyrenius (Quirinius), a Roman senator, and one who had gone through other magistracies, and had passed through them till he had been consul, and one who, on other accounts, was of great dignity, came at this time into Syria, with a few others, being sent by Caesar to be a judge of that nation, and to take an account of their substance. … Moreover, Cyrenius came himself into Judea, which was now added to the province of Syria, to take an account of their substance, and to dispose of Archelaus's money; but the Jews, although at the beginning they took the report of a taxation heinously, yet did they leave off any further opposition to it, by the persuasion of Joazar, who was the son of Beethus, and high priest; so they, being over-persuaded by Joazar's words, gave an account of their estates, without any dispute about it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Manipulation of Fear in Julius Caesar's" Bellum Gallicum."
    THE MANIPULATION OF FEAR IN JULIUS CAESAR'S BELLUM GALLICUM by Kristin Slonsky Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2008 © Copyright by Kristin Slonsky, 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-43525-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-43525-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Oratio Recta and Oratio Obliqua in Caesar's De Bello
    VOICES OF THE ENEMY: ORATIO RECTA AND ORATIO OBLIQUA IN CAESAR’S DE BELLO GALLICO by RANDY FIELDS (Under the Direction of James C. Anderson, jr.) ABSTRACT According to his contemporaries and critics, Julius Caesar was an eminent orator. Despite the lack of any extant orations written by Caesar, however, one may gain insight into Caesar’s rhetorical ability in his highly literary commentaries, especially the De Bello Gallico. Throughout this work, Caesar employs oratio obliqua (and less frequently oratio recta) to animate his characters and give them “voices.” Moreover, the individuals to whom he most frequently assigns such vivid speeches are his opponents. By endowing his adversaries in his Commentarii with the power of speech (with exquisite rhetorical form, no less), Caesar develops consistent characterizations throughout the work. Consequently, the portrait of self-assured, unification-minded Gauls emerges. Serving as foils to Caesar’s own character, these Gauls sharpen the contrast between themselves and Caesar and therefore serve to elevate Caesar’s status in the minds of his reader. INDEX WORDS: Caesar, rhetoric, oratory, De Bello Gallico, historiography, propaganda, opponent, oratio obliqua, oratio recta VOICES OF THE ENEMY: ORATIO RECTA AND ORATIO OBLIQUA IN CAESAR’S DE BELLO GALLICO by RANDY FIELDS B.S., Vanderbilt University, 1992 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2005 © 2005 Randy Fields All Rights Reserved VOICES OF THE ENEMY: ORATIO RECTA AND ORATIO OBLIQUA IN CAESAR’S DE BELLO GALLICO by RANDY FIELDS Major Professor: James C.
    [Show full text]
  • That's the Question
    Romanization or not Romanization – that’s the Question Indisier på romanisering i den første boken av Caesars De Bello Gallico Master i Historie – HI320S Vår 2011 Universitetet i Nordland Fakultet for Samfunnsvitenskap Michèle Gabathuler Takk… …til veilederen min Per-Bjarne Ravnå, som har vært uendelig tålmodig og som har ledet meg tilbake på veien igjen når jeg har gått meg vill så mange ganger. Takk for gode råd, tipps og ideer, og ikke minst for at du tok imot utfordringen med å veilede en sveitser som skriver som Yoda snakker og som er glad i å finne opp egne norske ord som ingen andre enn meg forstår. …til dere alle som måtte tåle mitt åndsfravær når vi var sammen, som måtte høre på meg legge ut om hvor artig og spennende det er å skrive om dette temaet, som måtte svare på alle slags rare spørsmål i forbindelse med oppgava mi, og som måtte oppleve entusiasmen min om dere ville eller ikke. …til dere alle som også måtte høre på sytingen min når berg- og dalbanen hadde nådd et lavpunkt igjen, der jeg syntes at det her aldri kommer til å gå bra. Takk for at dere sa “jo, det her kommer til å gå bra. Stå på.” Merci villmol allna eu! Michèle Gabathuler Bodø, 15.05.2011 1 ::ruuus::fUU'U6:n.n..tLtS C ...."SA~".~SA~ \4oI\R~ Pf!R1E5PeRIESPeReS f.G1lSKeRf.4IER6K1iR'1-4ER6~~. R\AI\Al. 1b9'PEN~1tWÆN AV SfNstNSI'N KA~I'GRGKAR'1IZ~KA~~" PRØMT"5~M'T'5ORØM1li irj ARET 50 F.
    [Show full text]
  • “Celtic” Oppida
    “Celtic” Oppida John Collis (Respondent: Greg Woolf) I will start by stating that I do not believe the sites our discussion. So, what sorts of archaeological feat­ which I am defiling with qualify as “city-states”; ures might we expect for our “city” and “tribal” indeed, in the past I have drawn a contrast between the states? city-states of the Mediterranean littoral and the inland The area with which I am dealing lies mainly “tribal states” of central and northern Gaul. However, within central and northern France, Switzerland, and their inclusion within the ambit of this symposium is Germany west of the Rhine (Collis [1984a-b], [1995a- useful for two reasons. Firstly, if a class of “city-state” bl). This is the area conquered by Julius Caesar in is to be defined, it is necessary to define the character­ 58-51 B.C.. In his Commentaries he refers on istics with reference to what is, or is not, shared with numerous occasions to “oppida”, sites often of urban similar types of simple state or quasi-state formations. character, and apparently all with some form of Secondly, the written documentary sources are some­ defences. Some of the sites he mentions are readily what thin, or even non-existent, for these sites; there­ recognisable as predecessors to Roman and modern fore archaeology must produce much of the data for towns (Fig. 1) - Vesontio (Besançon), Lutetia (Paris), Fig. 1. Sites mentioned by Caesar in the De Bello Galileo. 230 John Collis Durocortorum (Reims), and Avaricum (Bourges) - large size with the Gallic and central European sites while others have been deserted, or failed to develop - (Ulaca is about 80ha).
    [Show full text]
  • A Patois of Saintonge: Descriptive Analysis of an Idiolect and Assessment of Present State of Saintongeais
    70-13,996 CHIDAINE, John Gabriel, 1922- A PATOIS OF SAINTONGE: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF AN IDIOLECT AND ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT STATE OF SAINTONGEAIS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1969 Language and Literature, linguistics University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan •3 COPYRIGHT BY JOHN GABRIEL CHIDAINE 1970 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED A PATOIS OF SAINTONGE : DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF AN IDIOLECT AND ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT STATE OF SAINTONGEAIS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Gabriel Chidaine, B.A., M.A. ****** The Ohio State University 1969 Approved by Depart w .. w PLEASE NOTE: Not original copy. Some pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS PREFACE The number of studies which have been undertaken with regard to the southwestern dialects of the langue d'oi'l area is astonishingly small. Most deal with diachronic considerations. As for the dialect of Saintonge only a few articles are available. This whole area, which until a few generations ago contained a variety of apparently closely related patois or dialects— such as Aunisian, Saintongeais, and others in Lower Poitou— , is today for the most part devoid of them. All traces of a local speech have now’ disappeared from Aunis. And in Saintonge, patois speakers are very limited as to their number even in the most remote villages. The present study consists of three distinct and unequal phases: one pertaining to the discovering and gethering of an adequate sample of Saintongeais patois, as it is spoken today* another presenting a synchronic analysis of its most pertinent features; and, finally, one attempting to interpret the results of this analysis in the light of time and area dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • Caesar As an Imperialist Author(S): A
    Caesar as an Imperialist Author(s): A. N. Sherwin-White Reviewed work(s): Source: Greece & Rome, Second Series, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Mar., 1957), pp. 36-45 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/641011 . Accessed: 21/08/2012 09:51 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press and The Classical Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Greece & Rome. http://www.jstor.org CAESAR AS AN IMPERIALIST By A. N. SHERWIN-WHITE SO much is written nowadays about the propagandistelement in Caesar's Commentaries, and his supposed misrepresentation of his own actions, that it is almost forgotten that he provides the only con- temporary narrative of a major Roman imperialist war, and that by its principal agent. The obscure record of the wars of Augustus has been subjected to a severe scrutiny, and the most diverse and recondite theories propounded about his purposes. But this long and detailed account of the greatest single extension of the Roman Empire has hardly been examined seriously for the things that its author was not concerned to conceal-the springs and purposes and means of that new form of imperialism that under Pompey, Caesar, and Augustus converted the Roman dominion from a suzerainty over a maritime fringe of Mediter- ranean provinces into a solid and broad-based continental empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Coins and Power in Late Iron Age Britain
    JOHN CREIGHTON Coins and Power in Late Iron Age Britain published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York ny 10011–4211, USA www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarco´n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain © John Creighton 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2000 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Plantin 10/12pt [vn] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library isbn 0 521 77207 9 hardback CONTENTS List of Wgures page viii List of tables x Preface xi Acknowledgements xii List of abbreviations xiii Note on translations used xiv Introduction 1 1 The Middle to Late Iron Age transition 4 2 Coin and the representation of individual authority 22 3 The Southern and Eastern kingdoms 55 4 Classical imagery and ideology in Britain 80 5 The location of Britain in the Roman world 126 6 Legends and language 146 7 Dynasties and identities 174 8 Conclusion and epilogue: from Britain to Britannia 216 Appendix: A brief introduction to Iron Age coinage in Britain 222 References 228 Index of coin types 238 General index 241 vii FIGURES Fig. 2.1 The development of coinage in northern Europe from the Phillipus to its regional successors page 27 Fig.
    [Show full text]