Caesar De Bello Gallico Vocabulary 1.1 Gallia, -ae, f.: Gaul, roughly equivalent to modern France Galli , -ōrum m.: Gauls, people from Gaul. dī-vĭdo, -ĕre, vīsi, -vīsum: divide in-cŏlo, -ĕre, -lŭi: to inhabit, dwell in institutum, -i, n.: fixed course or principle; habit, institution, custom proptĕrĕā for that cause, on that account; proptĕrĕā quod, 'for the reason that', 'because' cultus, -ūs, m.: training, education, culture hūmānĭtas, -ātis, f.: liberal education, elegance of manners or language, refinement mĭnĭmē: superl. adv. least mercātor, -ōris, m.: trader, merchant com-mĕo, -āre: go up and down, come and go, visit frequently ef-fēmĭno, -āre: to make womanish, enervate, weaken per-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -tinŭi: relate to, belong to importo, -āre: bring in, import; introduce; bring upon, cause Germani, -orum m.: Germani, or Germans Rhenus, -i m.: the river Rhenus, the Rhine. Helvetii, -orum m.: the Helvetii or Helvetians. historical map contĭnenter: adv., continuously, without interruption prae-cēdo, -ĕre, -cessi, -cessum: go before, precede; surpass, excel fines, -ium f. pl.: borders, and hence territory, land, country enclosed within boundaries ob-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -tĭnŭi, -tentum: hold, possess, keep possession of ĭnĭtĭum , -ĭi n.: beginning căpĭo, -ĕre, cēpi, captum: to have, seize, take at-tingo, -ĕre, tĭgi, tactum: to touch Rhodanus, -i m.: the river Rhodanus, the Rhone (Walker) septentrĭōnes, -um, m. pl.: the north ŏrĭor, oriri, ortus sum: arise, spring from, proceed from occāsus , -ūs m.: setting (of the heavenly bodies); the west vergo , -ĕre: to bend, turn, incline; lie, be situated 1.2 nobilis, -e: well-known, distinguished, noted; of noble birth, noble; as noun, a noble dīves, -ĭtis: rich; superl. dītissimus in-dūco, -ĕre, -xi, -ctum: lead in; move, excite, persuade, mislead, seduce coniūrātiō, -ōnis f.: swearing together; union confirmed by an oath; conspiracy nōbĭlĭtas, ātis, f.: the nobility, the nobles, the aristocracy cīvĭtas, -ātis f.: the citizens united in a community, the body-politic, the state imperium, -i n.: authority, sway, supreme power, dominion, sovereignty pŏtĭor, -īrī, -ītus sum: to become master of, to take possession of, to get, obtain, acquire (+ abl.) per-suādĕo, -ēre, -si, -sum: to persuade, convince of a fact; persuade, prevail upon per-făcĭlis, -e: very easy praesto, -āre, -stĭti, -stĭtum: excel, be superior to (+ dat.) con-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -tĭnŭi, -tentum: keep in, surround, contain; hold back, restrain Iura, -ae, f.: the Jura mountains, a small mountain range north of the Alps. Lemannus, -i m.: Lake Lemannus, better Lake Leman or the Lake of Geneva. satellite image văgor, -āri, -ātus sum: wander, roam, range fīnĭtĭmus, -a, -um: neighboring, adjacent bello, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: wage war cŭpĭdus, -a, -um: desirous, eager, keen; ambitious, eager for adficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus: influence, work upon; affect by, treat with angustus, -a, -um: narrow fortĭtūdo, -ĭnis f.: strength, bravery, courage arbĭtror, -āri: think, judge păteo, -ēre: to be open, stand open, lie open; extend 1.3 ad-dūco,-ĕre, -xi, -ctum: prompt, induce, prevail upon, persuade, move, incite auctōrĭtas, -ātis f.: clout, influence per-mŏvĕo, -ēre, -mōvi, -mōtum: to stir up, rouse up, excite; to influence, lead, induce, persuade, prevail on con-stĭtŭo, -ĕre, -ŭi, -ūtum: decide per-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -ŭi: belong, relate, concern, pertain or have reference to any thing prŏfĭciscor, -ficisci, -fectus sum: to start forward, set out, depart com-păro, -āre: prepare, get ready iūmentum, -ī n.: beast of burden cŏ-ĕmo, -ĕre, -ēmi, -emptum: buy in large quantities, buy up sēmentis, -is f.: a sowing, planting suppĕto, -ĕre, -īvi or ĭi, -ītum: be in store, be at hand; suffice confĭcĭo, -ĕre, -fēci, -fectum: to make together; bring about, accomplish bĭennĭum, -i n.: space of two years duco, -ere, duxi, ductum: consider prŏfectĭo, -ōnis f.: departure dē-lĭgo, -ĕre, -lēgi, -lectum: choose, select Casticus, -i m. a Gallic chieftain Catamantaloedis, -is m. a Gallic chieftain, father of Casticus regnum, -i, n.: dominion, sovereignty, rule, authority occŭpo, -āre: take possession of, seize Dumnorix, -igis m.: Dumnorix, a Aeduan chieftan, brother of Diviacus Aeduus, -a, -um: of the Aedui, one of the most powerful of the Gallic tribes Diviciacus, -i m.: a chief of the Aedui, friendly to the Romans princĭpātus, ūs, m.: the chief place in the state or the army, the post of commander-in-chief plebs, plebis f.: the people, common people, the masses acceptus, -a, -um: welcome, pleasant, agreeable prŏbo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to make acceptable, to recommend; aliquid alicui, to convince one of any thing dŭbĭum, -i, n.: doubt quīn: (after words expressing doubt, ignorance, etc.) 'that' concĭlĭo, -āre: to procure, provide, prepare, produce something for one iūs iūrandum: an oath firmus, -a, -um: firm, strong, stout 1.4 indĭcĭum, -ĭi n.: information, disclosure, evidence ēnuntĭo, -āre: tell, disclose; declare, announce cōgo, -ĕre, cŏēgi, cŏactum: compel damno, -āre: condemn, sentence, punish ŏportet, -tēre, -tŭit: it behooves, it is proper, one should or ought ignis, -is, m.: fire crĕmo, -āre: burn, consume by fire constĭtūtus, -a, -um: arranged, set dictĭo, -ōnis f.: a saying, speaking, uttering iūdicium, -ī n.: trial, legal investigation; jurisdiction; power of discernment, judging ŏbaerā-tus, -i, m.: a person involved in debt, a debtor ē-rĭpĭo, -ĕre, -ĭpŭi, -eptum: snatch away, tear out; snatch, free, rescue incĭto, -āre: rouse, excite exsĕquor, -sequi, -secūtus sum: pursue, follow to the end, prosecute, carry out cōnor, -āri, -ātus sum: undertake, endeavor, attempt, exert oneself, strive măgistrātus, -ūs m.: magistrate, state official suspīcĭo, -ōnis, f.: suspicion quīn: (after words expressing doubt, ignorance, etc.) 'that' conscisco, -ĕre, -scīvi or -scĭi, -scītum: bring on oneself, inflict on oneself 1.5 exĕo, -īre, -ĭi, -ĭtum: go out, go away, go forth vīcus, -i m.: village quādringenti, -ae, -a: four hundred aedĭfĭcĭum, -i n.: a building incendo, -ĕre, -cendi, -censum: kindle, set fire, burn praeterquam: adv., besides, except combūro, -urĕre, -ussi, -ustum: to burn up, consume entirely rĕdĭtĭo , -ōnis f.: a going back, a return tollo, -ĕre, sustŭli, sublātum: remove sŭb-ĕo, -īre, -ĭi, -ĭtum: undergo, submit to mŏlo, -ĕre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: grind in a mill cĭbārĭa, -ōrum n.: food, rations ascisco, -ĕre, ascīvi, ascītum: receive, admit; adopt, take to oneself 1.6 omnīno: adv., altogether, entirely, wholly Sequani, -orum: the Sequani, a Gallic people who occupied the upper river basin of the Arar (Saône), the valley of the Doubs and the Jura Mountains, their territory corresponding to Franche-Comté and part of Burgundy. Iura, -ae, f.: the Jura mountains, a small mountain range north of the Alps. angustus, -a, -um: narrow singŭli, -ae, -a: single, separate, inividual carrus, -i m.: wagon dūco, -ĕre, duxi, ductum: draw impendĕo, ēre: to hang over any thing, to overhang perpaucī, -ae, -a: very few ex-pĕdīte: adv., without impediment, without difficulty, readily, promptly, quickly fines, -ium f. pl.: borders, and hence territory, land, country enclosed within boundaries Helvetii, -orum m.: the Helvetii or Helvetians. historical map Alloborges, -um, m. pl.: the Allobroges, a Celtic tribe of ancient Gaul, located between the Rhône River and the Lake of Geneva in what later became Savoy, Dauphiné, and Vivarais. pāco, -āre: pacify, make peaceful Rhodanus, -i m.: the river Rhodanus, the Rhone vădum, i, n.: a shallow place in water, a shallow, shoal, ford trans-ĕo, -īre, -īvi or -ĭi, -ĭtum: go over, cross, pass over Genava, -ae f.: Genava, a city of the Allobroges, now Geneva pons, pontis, f.: bridge per-tĭnĕo, -ēre, -ŭi,: to stretch out, reach, extend to a place per-suādĕo, -ēre, -si, -sum: to persuade, convince of a fact; persuade, prevail upon existĭmo, -āre: judge a thing according to its value; form a judgment; consider, regard Kalendae, -arum f.: the Calends, the first day of the Roman month 1.7 contendo, -ĕre, -tendi, tentum: stretch, strain; strive to get to a place, to seek to arrive at, to go, march, or journey hastily to ĭter, ĭtĭnĕris, n.: a going to a distant place, a journey, a march; a journey, a march, considered as a measure of distance; iter unius diei, a day's journey; quam maximis itineribus potest, 'by making each day's journey as long as possible', i. e. forced marches mātūro, -āre: to make haste or hasten to do a thing (+ infinitive) ultĕrĭor, -ĭus: farther, on the farther side, that is beyond lĕgĭo, ōnis, f.: a legion, the largest unit of the Roman army. It consisted in Caesar's day of about 4,800 heavily armed men. rēscindo, -ĕre, -scĭdi, -scissum: tear back, tear away again, cut away adventus, -ūs, m.: arrival certus, -a, -um: certain, sure; certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicuius rei, with acc. and inf., with a relative clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing princeps, -ipis: adj., taking the first place; chief, most prominent, first; as a noun, chief or principal person, leader, chief. lēgātĭo, -ōnis f.: delegated authority; office of an ambassador, commander, commander-in-chief; an embassy, legation mălĕfĭcĭum, -ĭi n.: wrongdoing voluntas, -tatis f. will; ad voluntatem, de, ex voluntate or just voluntate, according to the will, with the consent, at the desire of any one occīdo, -ĕre, -cīdi, -cīsum: to strike down, beat to the ground, kill pello, -ĕre, pĕpŭli, pulsum: strike; as a military term, to drive back, discomfit, rout (the enemy) iugum, -ī n.: yoke or collar; cross-bar (Roman ‘yoke’) concēdo, -ĕre, -cessi, -cessum: yield,