Constructing Drug Effects: a History of Set and Setting
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From Sacred Plants to Psychotherapy
From Sacred Plants to Psychotherapy: The History and Re-Emergence of Psychedelics in Medicine By Dr. Ben Sessa ‘The rejection of any source of evidence is always treason to that ultimate rationalism which urges forward science and philosophy alike’ - Alfred North Whitehead Introduction: What exactly is it that fascinates people about the psychedelic drugs? And how can we best define them? 1. Most psychiatrists will define psychedelics as those drugs that cause an acute confusional state. They bring about profound alterations in consciousness and may induce perceptual distortions as part of an organic psychosis. 2. Another definition for these substances may come from the cross-cultural dimension. In this context psychedelic drugs may be recognised as ceremonial religious tools, used by some non-Western cultures in order to communicate with the spiritual world. 3. For many lay people the psychedelic drugs are little more than illegal and dangerous drugs of abuse – addictive compounds, not to be distinguished from cocaine and heroin, which are only understood to be destructive - the cause of an individual, if not society’s, destruction. 4. But two final definitions for psychedelic drugs – and those that I would like the reader to have considered by the end of this article – is that the class of drugs defined as psychedelic, can be: a) Useful and safe medical treatments. Tools that as adjuncts to psychotherapy can be used to alleviate the symptoms and course of many mental illnesses, and 1 b) Vital research tools with which to better our understanding of the brain and the nature of consciousness. Classifying psychedelic drugs: 1,2 The drugs that are often described as the ‘classical’ psychedelics include LSD-25 (Lysergic Diethylamide), Mescaline (3,4,5- trimethoxyphenylathylamine), Psilocybin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and DMT (dimethyltryptamine). -
The Sixties Counterculture and Public Space, 1964--1967
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 2003 "Everybody get together": The sixties counterculture and public space, 1964--1967 Jill Katherine Silos University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Silos, Jill Katherine, ""Everybody get together": The sixties counterculture and public space, 1964--1967" (2003). Doctoral Dissertations. 170. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/170 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Psilocybin Mushrooms Fact Sheet
Psilocybin Mushrooms Fact Sheet January 2017 What are psilocybin, or “magic,” mushrooms? For the next two decades thousands of doses of psilocybin were administered in clinical experiments. Psilocybin is the main ingredient found in several types Psychiatrists, scientists and mental health of psychoactive mushrooms, making it perhaps the professionals considered psychedelics like psilocybin i best-known naturally-occurring psychedelic drug. to be promising treatments as an aid to therapy for a Although psilocybin is considered active at doses broad range of psychiatric diagnoses, including around 3-4 mg, a common dose used in clinical alcoholism, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, ii,iii,iv research settings ranges from 14-30 mg. Its obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression.xiii effects on the brain are attributed to its active Many more people were also introduced to psilocybin metabolite, psilocin. Psilocybin is most commonly mushrooms and other psychedelics as part of various found in wild or homegrown mushrooms and sold religious or spiritual practices, for mental and either fresh or dried. The most popular species of emotional exploration, or to enhance wellness and psilocybin mushrooms is Psilocybe cubensis, which is creativity.xiv usually taken orally either by eating dried caps and stems or steeped in hot water and drunk as a tea, with Despite this long history and ongoing research into its v a common dose around 1-2.5 grams. therapeutic and medical benefits,xv since 1970 psilocybin and psilocin have been listed in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, the most heavily Scientists and mental health professionals criminalized category for drugs considered to have a consider psychedelics like psilocybin to be “high potential for abuse” and no currently accepted promising treatments as an aid to therapy for a medical use – though when it comes to psilocybin broad range of psychiatric diagnoses. -
Neural and Subjective Effects of Inhaled DMT in Natural Settings
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.19.258145; this version posted August 20, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Neural and subjective effects of inhaled DMT in natural settings Carla Pallavicini1,2 *, Federico Cavanna1,2, Federico Zamberlan1, Laura Alethia de la Fuente1, Mauricio Arias3, Celeste Romero4, Robin Carhart-Harris5, Christopher Timmermann5, Enzo Tagliazucchi1 * 1Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA – CONICET), Pabellón I, Ciudad Universitaria (1428), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia (FLENI), Montañeses 2325, C1428 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina 3Hospital General de Agudos Donación Francisco Santojanni, Pilar 950, C1408INH CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4Centro de Estudios de la Cultura Cannábica (CECCa), Humahuaca 3947, C1192ACA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina 5Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Kensington, London SW7 2DD, United Kingdom *Corresponding authors: [email protected] , [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.19.258145; this version posted August 20, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Abstract N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a short acting psychedelic tryptamine found naturally in many plants and animals. -
Project MKULTRA from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Project MKULTRA From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MKULTRA Project MKULTRA (also known as MK-ULTRA) was the code name for a CIA mind-control research program that began in the 1950s[1], and continued until the late 1960s[2]. There is much published evidence that the project involved not only the use of drugs to manipulate persons, but also the use of electronic signals to alter brain functioning.[3] It was first brought to wide public attention by the U.S. Congress (in the form of the Church Committee) and a presidential commission (known as the Rockefeller Commission) (see Revelation below) and also to the U.S. Senate. On the Senate floor, Senator Ted Kennedy said: "The Deputy Director of the CIA revealed that over 30 universities and institutions were involved in an 'extensive testing and experimentation' program which included covert drug tests on unwitting citizens 'at all social levels, high and low, native Americans and foreign.' Several of these tests involved the administration of LSD to 'unwitting subjects in social situations.' At least one death, that of Dr. Olson, resulted from these activities. The Agency itself acknowledged that these tests made little scientific sense. The agents doing the monitoring were not qualified scientific observers."[4] Contents [hide] * 1 Origins * 2 The experiments o 2.1 Budget o 2.2 Canadian experiments * 3 Revelation * 4 U.S. General Accounting Office Report * 5 Legal issues involving informed consent * 6 Conspiracy theories * 7 Pop culture references * 8 See also * 9 Sources o 9.1 References o 9.2 Government Documents o 9.3 Articles o 9.4 Books o 9.5 Essays * 10 External links [edit] Origins Headed by Dr. -
Selected Papers of William L. White
Selected Papers of William L. White www.williamwhitepapers.com Collected papers, interviews, video presentations, photos, and archival documents on the history of addiction treatment and recovery in America. Citation: Before LSD was acid. Posted at www.williamwhitepapers.com Before LSD was Acid William L. White Emeritus Senior Research Consultant Chestnut Health Systems [email protected] NOTE: The original 1,000+ page manuscript for Slaying the Dragon: The History of Addiction Treatment and Recovery in America had to be cut by more than half before its first publication in 1998. This is an edited excerpt that was deleted from the original manuscript. Like many drugs described in this text, LSD Rockefeller Institute of New York (Restak, and other hallucinogens stayed in the 1994; Hofmann, 1983). background for a long time before they In 1938, two chemists at Sandoz would break into cultural visibility as mind- Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland (Dr. altering drugs. In this chapter we will explore Albert Hofmann and Dr. Arthur Stoll) created the history of LSD before it became well a series of ergot compounds in an effort to known. synthesize a pain remedy for migraine headaches. Working with lysergic acid The Discovery of LSD isolated from the ergot, Hofmann added a diethylamine molecule. This 25th compound The story of LSD begins with ergot, a in the series was d-lysergic acid parasitic fungus that grows on rye and other diethylamide tartrate, or "LSD 25." grains. Since the 16th century, ergot Research on LSD 25 and its chemical compounds had been used in small doses to cousins was set aside in 1938 because there relieve pain, to stop bleeding, and to start appeared to be no use for the substances. -
Timothy Leary's Legacy and the Rebirth of Psychedelic Research
Timothy Leary’s legacy and the rebirth of psychedelic research The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Lattin, Don. 2019. Timothy Leary’s legacy and the rebirth of psychedelic research. Harvard Library Bulletin 28 (1), Spring 2017: 65-74. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41647383 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Timothy Leary’s Legacy and the Rebirth of Psychedelic Research Don Lattin imothy Leary, the self-proclaimed “high priest” of the psychedelic counterculture of the 1960s, issued countless proclamations and prophecies Tduring his three decades in the public eye. Here’s one he made in San Francisco in 1965, just a couple years afer the fellows at Harvard College dismissed him as a lecturer in clinical psychology:1 “I predict that within one generation we will have across the bay in Berkeley a Department of Psychedelic Studies. Tere will probably be a dean of LSD.» Two generations later, the University of California at Berkeley has yet to establish its Department of Psychedelic Studies. But, as is ofen the case with Timothy Leary, the high priest was half right in his prediction that mainstream academia would someday rediscover the value of psychedelic research. Harvard does not have a dean of LSD, but it now has something called “Te LSD Library.” Tat would be the Ludlow-Santo Domingo Library, an intoxicating collection housed at Harvard Library that includes many items from the Timothy Leary archive. -
Kosmos a Theory of Psychedelic Experience
Kosmos A Theory of Psychedelic Experience Peter Webster ...Who believes not only in our globe with its sun and moon, but in other globes with their suns and moons, Who, constructing the house of himself or herself, not for a day but for all time, sees races, eras, dates, generations, The past, the future, dwelling there, like space, inseparable together. From Kosmos, by Walt Whitman Cover image: “Basket Tray with Man in the Maze” Akimel O'odham (Pima) circa 1900 ©National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (catalog number 11/415 ) Photo by NMAI Photo Services Kosmos © 2018 Chantal Webster Introductory Remarks I began writing this book more than thirty years ago when, due to circumstances not worth mentioning here, I retired from “active service”. The so-called drug war was ramping up mightily and it seemed that the 1960s were finally about to be completely demonized and the significance of the period dismissed or even forgotten, especially any remembrance of how important and catalytic of personal and social change certain “drugs” had been. My intentions for the essay were therefore to tell a little of my history in connection with what I had learned about the era I grew up in, how I—and the era—had been affected by psychedelics, and also to present a “Theory of Psychedelic Experience” that would provide a framework for understanding what these substances do and how they do it. After some preliminary study and the writing of two or three chapters, I laid aside my book project for awhile and began writing drug policy reviews and articles for a few publications such as the International Journal of Drug Policy.1 It still seemed in those days that with the right persuasion our western governments might be coaxed into backing off from the destructive policies of Drug Prohibition honorably, if slowly, incrementally. -
The 6Os Communes Messianic Communities) Bus at Bellows Falls) Vermont
The 6os Communes Messianic Communities) bus at Bellows Falls) Vermont. Photograph by Timothy Miller. TIMOTHY MILLER The 60s Communes Hippies and Beyond Syracuse UniversityPress Copyright © 1999 by Syracuse UniversityPress, Syracuse, New York 13244-5160 AllRights Reserved First Edition 1999 02 03 04 05 06 6 5 4 3 2 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard forInformation Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANS I z39.48-1984.@ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG ING -IN-PUBLICATI ON DATA Miller, Timothy, 1944- The 6os communes : hippies and beyond/ Timothy Miller. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8156-2811-0 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN 0-8156-0601-x (pbk.: alk. paper) I. Communal living-United States. 2. United States-Social conditions- 1960-1980. I. Title. II. Title: Sixties communes. III. Title: Hippies and beyond. HQ97I.M55 1999 307.77'4'0973-dc21 99-37768 Manufactured in the United States of America For Michael) Gretchen) andJeffre y TIMOTHY MILLER is professor of religious studies at the University of Kansas. Among his previous publica tions is The Quest forUt opia in Twentieth-CenturyAm erica: 1900-1960) the first of three volumes on communal life to be published by Syracuse UniversityPress. Contents Acknowledgments IX Introduction xm I. Set and Setting: The Roots of the 196os-Era Communes I 2. The New Communes Emerge: 1960-1965 17 3. Communes Begin to Spread: 1965-1967 41 4. Out of the Haight and Back to the Land: Countercultural Communes after the Summer of Love 67 5. Searching for a Common Center: Religious and Spiritual Communes 92 6. -
Copyright and Use of This Thesis This Thesis Must Be Used in Accordance with the Provisions of the Copyright Act 1968
COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS THESIS This thesis must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction of material protected by copyright may be an infringement of copyright and copyright owners may be entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. Section 51 (2) of the Copyright Act permits an authorized officer of a university library or archives to provide a copy (by communication or otherwise) of an unpublished thesis kept in the library or archives, to a person who satisfies the authorized officer that he or she requires the reproduction for the purposes of research or study. The Copyright Act grants the creator of a work a number of moral rights, specifically the right of attribution, the right against false attribution and the right of integrity. You may infringe the author’s moral rights if you: - fail to acknowledge the author of this thesis if you quote sections from the work - attribute this thesis to another author - subject this thesis to derogatory treatment which may prejudice the author’s reputation For further information contact the University’s Director of Copyright Services sydney.edu.au/copyright The Trials of Psychedelic Medicine LSD Psychotherapy, Clinical Science, and Pharmaceutical Regulation in the United States, 1949-1976 Matthew Oram A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry University of Sydney 2014 ii Declaration of Originality This thesis contains no material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or institute of higher learning. -
Winter 2007 Bulletin
MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASSOCIATION FOR PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES MULTIDISCIPLINARYMULTIDISCIPLINARY ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION FORFOR PSYCHEDELICPSYCHEDELIC STUDIESSTUDIES Prague, Czechoslovakia, October 5, 2oo7: The VIZE97 Foundation, created by playwright and former Czech president Vaclav Havel, presented a Lifetime Achievement Award to Dr. Stanislav Grof, one of the world’s leading psychedelic researchers. Dr. Grof, who was born near Prague in 1931, pioneered LSD-assisted psychotherapy in Czechoslovakia until he emigrated to the United States in 1967. See page 14 for the story. Congratulations, Stan! VOLUME XVII NUMBER 3 • WINTER 2007 Less than Forty Remain… Signed, Limited-Edition Copies of LSD: My Problem Child MAPS is offering a limited, hardcover edition of Albert Hofmann’s LSD: My Problem Child, signed by Hofmann and Stanislav Grof. All profits from the sale of this edition will be restricted to MAPS- sponsored LSD and psilocybin research. For an update on two of MAPS’ key LSD and psilocybin studies, see Valerie Mojeiko's article on page 12. Please visit MAPS.org/catalog for purchase information. 1 - 20: $250 (all sold) 21 - 40: $300 (all sold) 41 - 60: $350 (all sold) 61 - 80: $400 81 - 100: $500 “Focus” by Michael Brown Acrylic/Canvas, 24x32" MAPS is pleased to present this piece of original artwork for sale to benefit MAPS-sponsored psychedelic research. Artist Michael Brown contributed this image for the cover of the Autumn 2007 MAPS Bulletin. It is now available for $6000 at MAPS.org/catalog, with half of the proceeds going directly to MAPS. Diving into the realms of the subconscious mind, visionary artist Michael Brown uses his painting practice as a means of self-discovery. -
The Birth of Psychedelic Literature
The Birth of Psychedelic Literature: Drug Writing and the rise of LSD Therapy 1954 – 1964 Submitted by Robert John Dickins, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Master of Philosophy in English, September, 2012. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature) ……………………… ……………………………………………………… 1 Abstract This thesis examines hallucinogen drug literature published between 1954-1964 in Britain and North America. By arguing that these texts are medically and culturally contingent to psychiatric research that was being undertaken with various hallucinogens during the period, including Lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline, via the development of three psychiatric models—the psycholytic, psychotomimetic and psychedelic—it seeks to establish the relationship between psychiatric practice and the form and content of the texts. Furthermore, it examines an inter-textual dialogue concerning the medical, spiritual and philosophical value of these drugs, which has a direct effect on the development of the aforementioned psychiatric research models. In doing so, this thesis also traces the historical popularization of these drugs as they left the clinical setting and entered in to wider society, as propagated by the literature. Broadly speaking, through these analyses, it establishes the primary texts as representing a minor literary movement—Psychedelic literature—through the emergence of a psychospiritual narrative.