MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASSOCIATION FOR PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASSOCIATION FOR PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES

Prague, Czechoslovakia, October 5, 2oo7: The VIZE97 Foundation, created by playwright and former Czech president Vaclav Havel, presented a Lifetime Achievement Award to Dr. Stanislav Grof, one of the world’s leading psychedelic researchers. Dr. Grof, who was born near Prague in 1931, pioneered LSD-assisted psychotherapy in Czechoslovakia until he emigrated to the United States in 1967. See page 14 for the story. Congratulations, Stan!

VOLUME XVII NUMBER 3 • WINTER 2007 Less than Forty Remain… Signed, Limited-Edition Copies of LSD: My Problem Child MAPS is offering a limited, hardcover edition of ’s LSD: My Problem Child, signed by Hofmann and Stanislav Grof. All profits from the sale of this edition will be restricted to MAPS- sponsored LSD and research. For an update on two of MAPS’ key LSD and psilocybin studies, see Valerie Mojeiko's article on page 12. Please visit MAPS.org/catalog for purchase information.

1 - 20: $250 (all sold) 21 - 40: $300 (all sold) 41 - 60: $350 (all sold) 61 - 80: $400 81 - 100: $500

“Focus” by Michael Brown Acrylic/Canvas, 24x32" MAPS is pleased to present this piece of original artwork for sale to benefit MAPS-sponsored psychedelic research. Artist Michael Brown contributed this image for the cover of the Autumn 2007 MAPS Bulletin. It is now available for $6000 at MAPS.org/catalog, with half of the proceeds going directly to MAPS. Diving into the realms of the subconscious mind, visionary artist Michael Brown uses his painting practice as a means of self-discovery. When fearlessly tapped, our thoughts, feelings, patterns, and habits flowing incessantly underneath the surface offer powerful inspiration, and Michael translates what he finds into stunning universal imagery. More of Michael’s paintings can be seen on his website: tenthousandvisions.com. “This painting was a process of focusing my energy to the fine point, from the broad mind, into the diamond point. The mind is like a piano, or any instrument for that matter, and to play beautiful music all of the strings must be tuned properly before moving forward. Anyone can careen through the mountains of the mind carelessly, but to actually see what is going on, to stop long enough to comprehend the vision, takes focus. This painting is the mental fires, roaring and searing, and I am coming through head first. It is the stripping and burning away of the layers of myself to see what is going on in there, in order to notice the patterns and read the writing on my own walls." –Michael Brown, on “Focus” m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 1

MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for 2 MAPS 2008 Financial Report Psychedelic Studies) is a membership-based Rick Doblin, PhD organization working to assist researchers worldwide to design, fund, conduct, obtain 10 Professor Craker v. DEA: governmental approval for, and report on psychedelic research in humans. Founded in 1986, MAPS Challenges Federal Manipulation of Science MAPS is an IRS approved 501 (c)(3) non- Lauren Anderson Payne, JD profit corporation funded by tax deductible donations. MAPS is focused primarily on 11 MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy in the Treatment of PTSD assisting scientists to conduct human studies to Michael Mithoefer, MD generate essential information about the risks and psychotherapeutic benefits of MDMA, other 13 Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for End-of-Life Anxiety psychedelics, and marijuana, with the goal of Valerie Mojeiko eventually gaining government approval for their medical uses. Interested parties wishing to 14 Stan Grof Receives Vaclav Havel Award copy any portion of this publication are encour- R.M. Crockford aged to do so and are kindly requested to credit MAPS and include our address. The MAPS Bulletin 15 Psychedelic Emergency Services: Report from Burning Man 2007 is produced by a small group of dedicated staff Valerie Mojeiko and volunteers. Your participation, financial or otherwise, is welcome. 18 Duncan Blewett: A Life's Work, Maybe More Announcing the Duncan Blewett Memorial Fund ©2007 Multidisciplinary Association Larry Schor, PhD for Psychedelic Studies, Inc. (MAPS) 10424 Love Creek Rd., Ben Lomond, CA 95005 20 Turning the Tide for Psychedelic Medicines Phone: 831-336-4325 Fax: 831-336-3665 Thomas B. Roberts, PhD, and Michael Winkelman, PhD E-mail: [email protected] 25 World Psychedelic Forum Web: www.maps.org Dieter A. Hagenbach and Lucius Werthmüller 26 Education and an International Reflection Joel H. Brown, PhD, MSW 31 The Kranzke Psychedelic/Entheogenic Research Scholarship at CIIS John Harrison, PsyD (cand.)

This edition edited by: Jag Davies 38 MAPS Member Profile Design/Build: Noah Juan Juneau ISSN 1080-8981 John Moltzen Printed on recycled paper 38 Letter from the Editor: New Challenges Ahead Front Cover Image: “Untitled” by Santosh Varughese Jag Davies OpusNovus.com 39 MAPS - Who We Are

Back Cover Photo: by R. M. Crockford 40 MAPS Membership Information 2 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 MAPS’ Financial Report: Fiscal Year 2006~2007

Rick Doblin, PhD, MAPS President

Financial Overview The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) turned 21 on April 8, 2007, near the end of Fiscal Year (FY) 2006-07 (June 1, 2006 to May 31, 2007). As befitting its emergence into adulthood, MAPS’ FY 06-07 financial performance was better than in any previous year, with more income ($1,285,493), more expenses ($1,288,059) and more assets at the end of the fiscal year ($788,694, of which $297,044 were restricted to various projects and $491,650 were unrestricted). MAPS’ income figures are actually $50,000 larger than indicated since these figures don’t include an additional $50,000 donated directly to the Swiss Medical Association for Psycholytic Therapy (SAePT) by Swiss citizen Vanja Palmers, for MAPS’ and SAePT’s Swiss MDMA/PTSD study. MAPS also benefits from the donation of a substantial amount of highly- skilled labor from people who assist MAPS with our clinical research protocol development and monitoring efforts, website management and design, software development and management consulting services. In addition, MAPS receives much-needed donated labor for a range of office tasks and outreach efforts, such as tabling at events. MAPS’ income, expenses and assets for the last seven years are presented in a chart on page 5. MAPS’ expenses are broken out in detail by project and category on page 7. An expanded written description of each project and category can be found on the MAPS website at maps.org/fiscalmaps_fy2007/ projects.pdf. MAPS’ assets, divided into restricted funds for each project and un- restricted funds, are presented on page 8. m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 3

Assets: Restricted Funds MAPS Fiscal Year 2006-2007 MAPS permits donors to restrict their contributions to specific projects. While this limits MAPS’ flexibility to Income 1,285,493.05 allocate resources to what we consider to be our highest Expenses 1,288,059.26 priorities, this approach enables donors to ensure that Net Change (2,566.21) their resources support their own personal priorities. Net Assets Beginning of Fiscal Year 783,522.99 Furthermore, this approach results in a diversified portfo- Adjustments For Tax Purposes 7,737.56 lio of projects. As a result, MAPS will continue to welcome Adjusted Assets at Beginning of Fiscal Year 791,260.55 restricted donations. Less: Net Change (2,566.21) At the end of FY 06-07, MAPS held $297,044 in Net Assets End of Fiscal Year 788,694.34 restricted funds. The largest restricted fund, our Start-up Fund/UMass Amherst, contains $65,395 contributed by Asset Categories John Gilmore. His goal was to catalyze projects in the early Assets: Restricted Funds - Liquid 297,044.00 stages when funding is most difficult to obtain, with the Assets: Unrestricted Funds - Liquid 451,650.34 goal being to replenish these funds when the projects Assets: Remainder Interest in Home 40,000.00 come to fruition. This fund has been used exclusively for Total Assets 788,694.34 our efforts to start a medical marijuana production facility Income Categories as a prerequisite to drug development research (see page Donations from Individuals & Foundations>=$1000.00 896,336.00 10), and has been supplemented by grants MAPS has Donations from Individuals<=$1000.00 103,941.00 received from the Marijuana Policy Project and the Drug Product Sales: Books, Art, etc 127,776.00 Policy Alliance. Other Income: Interest, Conferences 157,441.00 MAPS’ second largest restricted amount is $60,428 for Total Income 1,285,493.00 our MDMA psychotherapy effort, from funds donated by Peter Lewis. The rest of the restricted funds can be seen in IRS 990 Expense Categories the summary chart on page 8. Research Projects 341,340.04 Educational Projects 231,460.32 MAPS Bulletin, Website, Forum, & 184,55 Assets: Unrestricted Funds Project Related Staff/Office Expenses 282,180.11 At the end of FY 06-07, MAPS held $491,640 in Product Costs/Royalties for Art 69,930.85 unrestricted assets. Of that amount, $40,000 is the value Management and General 156,319.70 of a non-liquid remainder interest in a $1 million home in Fundraising 13,934.69 La Jolla that was left to MAPS in a bequest. According to Capital Expenditures 8,340.51 actuarial tables, MAPS is likely to receive the full value of Total Expenses 1,288,059.26 the home in about 30 years. MAPS’ Board of Directors has voted not to sell this asset. MAPS’ liquid unrestricted funds amount to less than one year’s operating expenses. Looked at in this way, they provide a necessary cushion for the fluctuations in MAPS’ MAPS can income due to donors’ preferences and the timing of contributions. In addition, these funds enable MAPS to in some ways make commitments to support new pilot projects, so that researchers are motivated to invest their precious time in be thought of as developing projects that they know can be funded if and when the projects are approved, even if we don’t raise a mutual fund, new funds for the project. To retain this ability to make commitments, we do seek to raise new funds for all seeking diversification projects that we have prioritized and that do become approved. in our research In terms of our future fundraising needs, these unrestricted funds are only about 20% of the cost of one projects. large-scale Phase 3 study. MAPS will need to fund two such Phase 3 studies for each drug/patient combination to obtain approval for the prescription use of that drug in those patients. As a result, our unrestricted funds are only a small down payment on future Phase 3 studies, and on the completion of our Phase 2 pilot studies should we be unable to raise new funds for those projects. 4 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

Conceptual Overview to respond to protocols within 30 days, NIDA has no time In last year’s financial report (maps.org/news-letters/ limit and has taken two years to respond to our vaporizer v16n3-html/doblin.html), I discussed the three stages of research protocol, then rejected the protocol for arbitrary MAPS’ organizational development. MAPS began opera- reasons. We immediately filed a response that NIDA has tions with a “Low Maintenance/High Performance” stage ignored that for two more years - all for a request to lasting for its first twenty years. During this time, MAPS purchase 10 grams at cost! NIDA has also refused to struggled against major cultural and political resistance to provide marijuana to two MAPS-sponsored protocols that initiate psychedelic and medical marijuana research, with received clearance from FDA. relatively minimal resources and rare, but crucial, suc- Marijuana drug development research must be cesses. Our educational efforts were often more expensive conducted with the exact strain that the sponsor plans to than our research efforts. ask FDA for permission to market. NIDA’s marijuana is MAPS’ second stage, which we are currently grown for research, not prescription use. If we managed to transitioning into, consists of a “High Maintenance/High obtain approval from FDA to market marijuana for Performance” stage. This stage will last for the next 5-10 prescription use, we would need to negotiate with Profes- years, when MAPS will need to at least double or triple sor Mahmoud ElSohly, who grows marijuana under its research efforts, income, and expenses, as contract to NIDA, to provide it to us. He’d have a mo- we move from sponsoring small pilot nopoly position and major financial conflict of interest studies to larger Phase 3 confirma- since DEA has licensed him (but not Prof. Craker) to grow tory studies designed to provide for his own private gain, to extract THC from the plant evidence of safety and efficacy of (less expensive than making it synthetically) for sale to a specific drug for a specific Mallinckrodt for use in generic Marinol, against which clinical indication. smoked or vaporized marijuana would successfully Should our Phase 3 compete. Nobody in their right minds would invest We must be treating studies prove successful, millions in research with a drug that they couldn’t they will lead to prescrip- guarantee would be available at a reasonable price if the a condition that can be tion approval. MAPS will drug were approved for prescription use. then transition into its In FY 06-07, MAPS paid $11,800 to UMass-Amherst reliably measured, and third stage, a “No Mainte- to support Prof. Craker’s efforts in the lawsuit. We that is responsive to nance/High Performance” invested $23,603 in our effort to generate Congressional stage when MAPS’ further pressure on DEA (see page 10). the therapy we’re research and operational We also invested $1136 in revising the MAPS/ expenses are increasingly CaNORML vaporizer protocol for resubmission to NIDA, delivering. covered by sales of prescrip- most likely before the end of 2007. We don’t expect that tion medicines that we have NIDA will review the protocol in a reasonable amount of been approved to market (as time, or on the basis of the scientific quality of the proto- generics); by profits from the col. But unless we resubmit, we can’t criticize NIDA for operation of psychedelic clinics ignoring or conducting a biased review of a new protocol. that MAPS develops, owns and Furthermore, there is always the possibility that some- operates as models in which these thing will change at NIDA and our protocol will be prescription are likely to approved. prescribed, at least initially; and by income generated by our professional Strategy: MDMA for PTSD v. LSD, training seminars as we seek to educate psychiatrists, Psilocybin or MDMA for Anxiety psychologists, nurses, and other mental health profession- Associated with End-of-Life Issues als about the medical uses of psychedelics and marijuana. To make a wise, data-driven decision about what drug/patient combination to move first into Phase 3 Medical Marijuana Research: studies, MAPS has a two-pronged strategy. We’re con- Fundamentally Obstructed ducting three MDMA/PTSD pilot studies in the US, As long as the federal government holds a monopoly Switzerland and Israel. This is the drug/patient combina- on the supply of marijuana that can be used in FDA- tion that we currently think is most likely to be able to approved research, it doesn’t make financial sense for justify moving into Phase 3 studies (see maps.org/ MAPS to try to conduct medical marijuana research. NIDA research/mdmaplan.html for our analysis). doesn’t have the high THC/high CBD varieties that are In addition, we’re also going to be looking at three representative of the medical-grade marijuana used by different studies using either MDMA, LSD or psilocybin to most patients. Moreover, there are unreasonable delays in treat subjects with anxiety associated with end-of-life the NIDA protocol review process. While FDA is required issues (see page 13). These studies seek to meet a need for m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 5

1,400,000 MAPS 2001~2007 Income, Expenses & Assets 1,200,000

1,000,000

800,00

600,000 TOTAL DOLLARS 400,000

200,000 ncome: $1,035,873.00 Income: $937,581.00 Expenses: $956,509.00 Assets: $349,134.00 Income: $1,156,017.76 Expenses: $1,025,475.22 Assets: $783,522.99 Income: $596,583.00 Expenses: $621,526.00 Assets: $379,403.00 Income: $1,285,493.05 Expenses: $1,288,059.26 Assets: $788,694.34 I Expenses: $653,780.00 Assets: $761,496.00 Income: $812,540.15 Expenses: $903,883.36 Assets: $670,152.95 Income: $775,945.00 Expenses: $719,589.00 Assets: $404,401.00 0 2000-1 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 2004-5 2005-6 2006-7

FISCAL YEAR

which almost everyone is sympathetic, assisting people Expenses for MDMA facing the reality of death to cope more effectively with Psychotherapy Research fear, anxiety and pain so that they can make the most of As evidence of MAPS’ maturation and transition to a their remaining time. High Maintenance/High Performance stage, in FY 06-07 We made substantial progress in FY 06-07 on starting MAPS spent $185,456 on our US MDMA/PTSD pilot the LSD study (investing $17,816) and began work on the study alone (see pages 11-12). This investment has psilocybin study (investing $1,652) and will very likely generated remarkable data and has brought us to the point see both of these studies approved by early 2008. The LSD where we have a good chance to complete the active study will become the first LSD-assisted psychotherapy treatment component of the study (but not the one-year study completed in over 35 years. The MDMA study is follow-up) before or shortly after the end of FY 07-08. already approved but has not yet enrolled any subjects, The Washington Post Sunday Magazine will feature a cover though that is also about to change as a result of a few story about this study on November 25, the Sunday after changes in our inclusion criteria. Thanksgiving. We’re both conducting research and If these pilot studies demonstrate a favorable risk/ engaging in some high-profile public education. benefit ratio for LSD, MDMA and psilocybin, we might be Our Swiss MDMA/PTSD study, on which MAPS able to design subsequent studies that permit therapists to spent $30,683 with additional sums of about $25,000 customize a program of psychedelic psychotherapy for spent by SAePT, is gathering momentum and actively individual patients that utilizes different psychedelics at treating subjects. Our Israeli MDMA/PTSD study, on different stages of the therapeutic process. which we’ve spent $44,687 in FY 06-07 ($25,000 of One serious limitation of these studies is that it may which in advance payment for treating the first four prove to be quite difficult to capture in standardized subjects), has not yet started treating subjects but is close outcome measures for anxiety and depression the existen- to doing so. The initial male/female co-therapist team that tial changes that subjects may experience as they make we brought to the US for training didn’t feel sufficiently progress in their psychedelic psychotherapy. We’re en- well-trained so we’re bringing a second team to the US in gaged not in pure scientific exploration but in drug devel- early December, 2007 to observe an MDMA/PTSD session opment. We need to speak to the FDA and other regulatory conducted by Dr. Michael Mithoefer and Annie Mithoefer, agencies in language that they consider valid. We must be BSN. Several potential subjects for the Israeli study have treating a disease that can be reliably measured, and that is already been identified, so the study should begin enroll- responsive to the therapy we’re delivering. ing subjects shortly after the team returns to Israel. 6 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

The need for an MDMA/PTSD therapist training Research program, in which we can legally administer MDMA to In FY 06-07, MAPS spent $10,615 on ibogaine the psychedelic-therapists-in-training so that they can research at clinics in Canada and Mexico. understand what MDMA does on a personal, subjective, MAPS can in some ways be thought of as a mutual experiential level, has been apparent to us for quite some fund, seeking diversification in our research projects. time. MAPS’ newest member of the Board of Directors, Among the most promising areas of psychedelic research Shawn Hailey, helped us to identify this need more than from the 1950s and 1960s was in the treatment of three years ago. In FY 06-07, MAPS spent just $305 on alcoholism and drug . For scientific, compassion- development for our therapist training protocol, but ate and political reasons, it makes sense for MAPS to try to expenses, and progress, have risen substantially in FY 07- facilitate psychedelic research in the treatment of addic- 08, with our goal to submit the protocol to FDA close to tion. We’ve selected ibogaine as the drug we’d like to the end of 2007. investigate because of the large number of anecdotal In FY 06-07, MAPS also spent $22,697 on a series of reports of its successful use in the treatment of opiate other MDMA-related projects. These expenses included addiction. Ibogaine is legal in much of the world (though $8205 on our ongoing review of the scientific litera- not in the US) and there are numerous ibogaine clinics ture about MDMA and Ecstasy; $6000 to offering treatment for addiction. Furthermore, there are analyze transcripts of MDMA/PTSD still no published prospective studies on the efficacy of therapy sessions to code for a range ibogaine. of defense mechanisms in a Given our limited resources, and the fact that a Phase study of process variables that 1 dose-response safety study with ibogaine has not yet may help us understand how been conducted and would likely cost about $250,000, MDMA facilitates the MAPS is not seeking to develop ibogaine into an FDA- In recognition acceptance, catharsis and approved prescription medicine. Rather, for a fraction of integration of difficult the cost of a clinical study, we’re working to conduct an of… the historic emotional and cognitive observational study into the long-term (one year) out- breakthroughs on the content; $3980 on comes of subjects treated with ibogaine for opiate depen- various protocol dence at two legal ibogaine clinics, one in Canada and one horizon… we realized that refinements for a study in Mexico. We have IRB approval for the study in Canada MAPS needed to grow to of MDMA-assisted and have recruited several subjects into the study. How- psychotherapy in ever, recruitment is slow. We’re working through the IRB have the capacity to fund, subjects with anxiety process for a study at a clinic in Mexico and hope to have monitor and manage an associated with ad- the study ready to start around the beginning of 2008. vanced-stage cancer increasing number and (MAPS is not sponsoring Operational Expenses scale of research this study since Peter In FY 06-07, MAPS’ Florida-based staff moved to our Lewis pledged to donate new location in Ben Lomond, California, to be nearer to studies. $250,000 directly to the educational outreach opportunities, and our base of cover the costs of the study); membership support. This increased our rental expenses $3106 on a study to gather substantially but also increased our fundraising and anecdotal reports about the community-building potential. potential use of MDMA to treat In recognition of the promising pilot data being Asberger’s (high-functioning autism); generated in our US MDMA/PTSD study, and the historic $500 for the Ecstasy pill-testing program breakthroughs on the horizon — such as obtaining that we conducted with Erowid and Dancesafe, permission for what will become the first completed LSD- which is now out of funds; $453.25 on preliminary assisted psychotherapy study in over 35 years — we design of a protocol to explore realized that MAPS needed to grow to have the capacity to the use of MDMA in higher-risk populations with con- fund, monitor and manage an increasing number and trolled hypertension, HIV+ and Hep-C, conditions that scale of research studies. MAPS therefore added a part- we think will probably not significantly increase time marketing staff person and a half-time fundraiser, to MDMA’s risk profile when administered within a help with the crucial challenge of raising the funds to clinical context; coincidentally, the same amount, realize MAPS’ goals. MAPS’ staff has also become more $453.25 on exploring ideas to seek approval in Spain for experienced and skilled over the years, so some incremen- our MDMA/PTSD study that was shut down for political tal raises were in order. For example, I now earn $60,000 reasons in 2002, a study which we would eventually a year. like to start after our three pilot studies in the US, Switzerland and Israel are completed. m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 7

SUMMARY 2006-2007 Expenses FY 06-07

Research Projects MAPS Bulletin/Website/Internet Ibogaine Follow-Up (Canada & Mexico) $10,614.55 Bulletin $24,311.35 LSA Cluster Headache Study $5,264.25 Internet $6,031.26 LSD Swiss End of Life Study $17,815.81 Web Administration $11,999.34 LSD/Psilocybin Cluster Headache $8,624.59 Website Content $3,541.50 MDMA Analysis (Ecstacy Pill Testing) $500.00 Maps Bulletin/Website/Internet $45,883.45 MDMA Asberger Study $3,105.61 MDMA Cancer/Halpern (Harvard) $3,980.31 Fundraising $13,934.69 MDMA/Defense Mechanism $6,000.00 MDMA/PTSD Israel $44,687.39 Staff/Operating/Project-Related MDMA Therapist Training $305.25 and Management/General MDMA Lit Review $8,204.75 Copies $3,340.95 MDMA Phase 1 Safety Study $453.25 Information: Books Subscriptions etc… $626.09 MDMA PTSD-South Carolina $185,455.68 Phones $9,421.20 MDMA PTSD-Spain $453.25 Postal $13,911.02 MDMA PTSD-Swiss $30,683.04 Conference Fees $2,222.28 MJ Production Facility/UMass Amherst $11,800.00 Accounting Services $4,625.00 MJ Vaporizor Study $1,135.94 Staff Travel $27,341.87 Native American Neurocognitive Study $604.16 Salary & Taxes $269,546.69 Psilocybin/Cancer Anxiety Study $1,652.22 Benefits $53,054.73 Research Subtotal $341,340.05 Corporate Fees (Bank, credit card, etc…) $10,812.59 Equipment Rental $2,594.72

Education Projects Office Moving Expenses $11,888.40 Book-LSD My Problem Child $928.45 Office Rent Love Creek $23,121.48 Book-The Ultimate Journey $18,933.80 Office Supplies $10,098.32 Burning Man 2006 $85,520.87 Overall Subtotal $442,605.34 Burning Man 2007 $32.50 Project Related Staff/Office Sutotal $110,651.34 Conference-Boom $7,535.21 Management and General Subtotal $331,954.01 Conference Peru $10,610.62 DEA/UMASS Cong. Sign on Letter $23,603.11 Product Cost/Royalties for Art Erowid Website $139,245.89 Books, Tapes and Accessories $2,710.05 LG Hofmann/Chamberlain Portrait $295.00 Event - Final Frontier $5,830.53 Huxley/Chamberlain Portrait $295.00 Ibogaine DVD $1,524.00 /Chamberlain Portrait $2,835.55 MAPS Forum $2,114.00 Shulgin/Chamberlain $343.52 MAPS Staff Retreat $82.00 Grey/Hofmann Portrait $23,113.50 S.A.F.E.R./UC Boulder Colorado State $60,670.00 Video-Difficult Trip Guidance $584.96 Venosa/Hofmann Portrait $23,186.03 Women’s Alliance for Resale/Royalties Subtotal $52,778.65 Medical Marijuana (WAMM) $3,200.00 Computer Equip/Software $3,360.24 Women’s Fund $31,640.43 Office Equipment $4,980.27 Education Subtotal $392,056.37 Capital Subtotal $8,340.51

Adjustments for Refunds ($8,879.55) Grand Total $1,288,059.26 8 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

Balance Sheet Restricted 5/31/2007 Income as Compared to Operational Expenses As a result of these expansions, MAPS spent MAPS NET ASSETS As of 5/31/2007 $442,605 on operational expenses, both project-related Total Liquid Assets $730,800 and general management (as compared to a total of $40,000 $313,419 in FY 05-06), for an increase of $129,186. As Total Portfolio, actual value, not cost 770,800 we had hoped, our income in FY 06-07 increased as well Fixed Assets and Secuirty Deposits 17,894 over that of FY 05-06, by $129,435. Our total assets at the Total Assets 788,694 end of FY 06-07 increased as well, by $5171. However, Minus Restricted 297,044 our unrestricted assets declined in FY 06-07 to $491,650, Unrestricted 491,650 as compared to $516,901 at the end of FY 05-06, a decline of $25,251. This decline, while significant, still indicates RESTRICTED FUND As of 5/31/2007 that we’re close to raising sufficient additional funds to MDMA Psychotherapy Research Effort 60,428 cover the expanded operational expenses that our larger Vaporizer study 11,864 number of projects requires. Cluster Headache/Clusterbusters 46,047 LSA Cluster 2,736 MAPS’ Donors LSD Psilocybin Research 43,494 MAPS is able to implement our ambitious agenda only LSD Psilocybin Cluster Headache 26,000 to the extent that we receive support from our donors. As Tampa 1,000 the information presented on page 3 shows, MAPS Venosa Royalties 447 received $103,941 from donors of less than $1000. These Start Up Fund/UMass Amherst 65,395 donations provide essential support for MAPS’ operational MPP/DPA/UMASS Amherst 10,419 expenses and indicate the importance of MAPS’ member- Creativity Study 1,000 ship base. Every donation of any amount helps provides SAFER 15,000 necessary support for MAPS. Women's Entheogen Fund 4,341 MAPS also received $896,336 in donations of over Women's Visionary Congress 6,375 $1000, from both individuals and foundations. These Psychedelic Difficult Trip Video 2,500 donors included Peter Lewis ($251,125 for MDMA Sum of Restricted Money 297,044 research), John Gilmore ($150,000 unrestricted and Sum of Unrestricted Funds 491,650 $25,000 for Erowid), anonymous bequest ($87,500 for Total Assets $788,694 Erowid), MPP grant ($60,000 for SAFER), Robert Barnhart ($50,000 unrestricted, $5,000 Women’s Entheogen Fund), MPP grant ($45,000 for UMass- Amherst medical marijuana production facility), Robert Keeler Foundation ($25,000 for US MDMA/PTSD research), Anonymous ($25,000 for Women’s Entheogen Fund), Bryant McBride ($25,000 unrestricted), Rene Ruiz ($13,000 unrestricted, $10,000 for Erowid), Alliance ($12,500 for UMass Amherst medical marijuana production facility), Kevin Herbert ($7,500 unrestricted, $3,000 for Erowid), Seth Hollub ($10,000 for cluster headache research), Robert Field ($10,000 for SAFER), Tim Butcher ($7,500 for psychedelic research), Wendy Grace ($5,000 for Women’s Entheogen Fund), Richard Wolfe ($6,000 unrestricted), Mark Anderson ($5,000 unrestricted), David Bronner ($5,065 unrestricted), Jack Huang ($5,000 unrestricted), Ed Fenster ($5,000 for Erowid), Anonymous ($5000, Erowid). There were also a number of donors who gave between $5000 and $1000. MAPS also benefited from a $50,000 donation m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 9

from Swiss citizen Vanja Palmers for our Swiss MDMA/ Management Consulting Process PTSD study. This donation was made directly to the Swiss Peter Lewis, one of MAPS’ largest donors, has hired Medical Association for Psycholytic Therapy and doesn’t The Management Center, run by Jerry Hauser and show up directly on MAPS’ books. Rebecca Epstein, to provide management consulting To all of MAPS’ donors, the MAPS staff is doing its services on a pro-bono basis to non-profit organizations best to make you proud of the investment you are making that Peter funds. Peter has recognized that the skills in MAPS’ mission. necessary to start a non-profit are different than the skills necessary to manage growth as the non-profit begins to Shifting From the Approval Process achieve some degree of success. Fortunately for MAPS, to Implementation Peter approved my request that MAPS be placed on the Within the next few months, the protocol design and list of non-profits that Jerry and Rebecca advise. As a approval process for our LSD and psilocybin end-of-life result, Valerie and I are going through a management anxiety studies are likely to reach successful conclusions. seminar and are learning new skills and techniques. The Mexican ibogaine study is likely to be approved by We’ve all been working together for about five months the IRB, allowing it to begin. The MDMA/PTSD therapist with several more months to go. We still have lots to training protocol will be submitted to FDA, though I can’t learn, but little by little, I’m coming to see that MAPS can offer a realistic prediction of FDA’s response. The new successfully make the transition to a larger, more efficient, Israeli MDMA/PTSD co-therapist team will be trained. organization. We’re becoming able to manage a drug Minor changes in the Swiss MDMA/PTSD are likely to be development effort that has a reasonable chance over the approved so that we can offer up to 5 therapeutic sessions next 5-10 years, even in our delicate political context, to and up to 150 mgs to subjects who are partially treatment- obtain FDA approval for the legal prescription use of resistant. In addition, the protocol changes in Dr. psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for at least one Halpern’s MDMA/cancer-anxiety study have already been psychedelic for at least one patient group. completed such that subject enrollment is imminent. If significant but subtle policy changes are made at The completion of the protocol development and DEA following the 2008 Presidential election, Prof. approval process, and the start of these new studies, have Craker will be in excellent position to obtain permission several major implications. The first is that a substantial for his medical marijuana production facility. If so, we amount of my time that has been spent on the protocol could launch a parallel effort to develop marijuana, development and approval process will be freed up for smoked and/or vaporized, into a legal prescription other tasks. MAPS’ strategic plan for pilot studies, as I’ve medicine. outlined it in this report, will have been achieved. MAPS On this note of optimism for the future, tempered doesn’t intend to start many new studies outside of the with the knowledge of the many challenges ahead, I’ll ones I’ve mentioned. We will shift more of our efforts to conclude MAPS’ financial report for FY 06-07. We’ve implementation of the studies we’ve obtained permission come this far with some great teamwork between to conduct. MAPS Director of Operations and Clinical MAPS’ Board of Directors, staff and members. Research Associate, Valerie Mojeiko, will have much to do.

More Fundraising – Rick Doblin, Ph.D., MAPS President The second implication is that MAPS’ fundraising needs will continue to grow, so figuring out where to allocate my time, and that of Troy Dayton, our half-time Director of Development, will not be difficult. ® With your continued and expanded support, we may just amaze ourselves. 10 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

Professor Craker v. DEA: MAPS Challenges Federal Manipulation of Science

Lauren Anderson Payne, JD, MAPS Government Relations Coordinator

As many of you are aware, on February 12, 2007, and Senate. Pressure from the House of Representatives DEA’s own Administrative Law Judge (ALJ Bittner) can affect policy decisions made by DEA, and oversight recommended that DEA grant Professor Lyle Craker’s hearings are often held to look at the agency’s agenda. application for a license to manufacture marijuana at the In July, the House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, University of Massachusetts-Amherst for use exclusively and Homeland Security held a hearing entitled “The Drug in government-approved research. The facility would be Enforcement Agency’s Regulation of Medicine,” under the funded by a grant from MAPS; ALJ Bittner focused on direction of Subcommittee Chairman Bobby Scott (D-VA). the fact that the proposed facility would be in the public Thanks in no small part to the assistance of Americans for interest, and that NIDA’s monopoly is “unjustified.” Safe Access, the ACLU, and the efforts of several other Unfortunately, DEA is not bound to follow the organizations, the issues surrounding supply of research- ALJ’s decision. grade marijuana were addressed by Currently, in order to gain access both Chairman Scott and Representa- to research materials to test tive Jerrold Nadler (D-NY). Mr. Nadler marijuana’s safety and efficacy, hammered DEA’s Joseph Rannazzisi scientists in the US must petition the and ONDCP’s David Murray as to why National Institute on Drug Abuse and DEA has done nothing but drag its demonstrate the merits of their feet since Professor Craker’s applica- protocol–after these merits have tion was originally submitted in 2001. already been considered and approved In addition, Mr. Nadler illustrated by FDA. There is no other drug, legal why it is so important that DEA or illegal, for which this is the case. license the facility: “[NIDA’s] basi- Under NIDA policy, marijuana’s cally cut off medical research with efficacy as a medicine is not a meritori- respect to marijuana.” Finally, Mr. ous subject for study, and therefore Nadler demanded a commitment from researchers who include efficacy DEA that a final decision be made measures in their protocol are denied Lauren Anderson Payne, JD before the end of the current adminis- access to research materials. Since tration. For transcripts of the hearing, there is no alternative source for see: maps.org/mmj/dealawsuit_ research-grade marijuana, NIDA’s We have already gained congressional_hearing.html monopoly has effectively blocked FDA On September 17, a letter of drug development research for de- support from MA Senators support for the facility signed by 45 cades. Professor Craker’s proposed members of the US House of Repre- facility hopes to provide an indepen- Kennedy and Kerry, and are sentatives was sent to DEA Adminis- dent source of supply, which is the key trator Tandy. For PDF of the letter, see: prerequisite for MAPS’ plan to conduct currently targeting a handful maps.org/mmj/signonfinal.pdf. the clinical research necessary to By the time this issue goes to develop marijuana into a legal, pre- of Republicans from medical press, a similar letter of support signed scription medicine. by over 35 medical, scientific, and Over the past six months, MAPS marijuana states. political organizations will have been has teamed up with Americans for Safe sent to Administrator Tandy. Access, the , We anticipate that several the , and other Senators will send a similar letter of allied organizations to gain support for the facility from support in Spring, 2008. We have already gained support lawmakers, and medical and scientific organizations. The from Massachusetts Senators Kennedy and Kerry, and purpose of this campaign is to compel DEA to license are targeting a handful of Republicans from medical Professor Craker as a bulk manufacturer of research-grade marijuana states. In the coming months, your voice will marijuana. DEA is an administrative agency, which be desperately needed to convince Senators to sign the officially is under the direction of the Executive branch of letter of support for Professor Craker’s proposed facility. the Federal Government; DEA’s budget is determined by Keep your eyes open for an action alert! • Congress, and is therefore accountable to both the House m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 11

MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Eleventh Update on Study Progress

Here is a summary of where we stand interested in participating as the 21st with subject enrollment and completion: subject if we do get IRB approval. We • Sixteen subjects have now com- believe that it would be worthwhile to pleted the double blind protocol study this individual in order to (Stage 1). One of these subjects, who provide more experience working received placebo during Stage 1, is with veterans in this Phase 2 study, now enrolled in the Stage 2 open label before we go on to designing a larger, protocol in which she will have three Phase 3 trial that will include veter- MDMA sessions accompanied by nine ans. Adding another male subject non-drug therapy sessions for integra- would also be desirable because only tion. She is now more than halfway two men have completed the study through Stage 2. thus far and one is currently enrolled. • Three other subjects are currently In support of this request we sent the Michael Mithoefer, MD enrolled, bringing the total to 19. Two FDA and the IRB our outcome and [email protected] of these subjects are nearing comple- neuropsychological data on the first tion of Stage 1. The third is our first 15 subjects. The data continues to subject to be enrolled with war- show promising results in decreasing related PTSD. His trauma occurred PTSD symptoms and no evidence of during combat in Iraq. He will have decline in neuropsychological func- his first MDMA or placebo session in tioning. In fact, there is a non- early December. significant trend toward improvement • We are awaiting screening results in neuropsychological test scores after that are likely to allow us to complete MDMA, which may be related to the enrollment of the 20th and last lessening of PTSD symptoms that can subject we need to complete the study. interfere with cognitive functioning. The data continues to • On August 28th I wrote to the FDA International Interest asking permission to enroll a 21st Although we have not yet completed show promising results subject. This would allow us to the study, there has been considerable include an additional Iraq veteran interest in this research throughout the in decreasing PTSD with war-related PTSD, and we asked international academic community. In that the requirement for prior treat- June, 2007, I presented at the European symptoms and no ment be waived for this subject. We Conference on Traumatic Stress in need FDA and IRB permission to Opatija, Croatia, on a panel with Swiss evidence of decline in deviate from our inclusion criteria researchers Peter Oehen, MD, and Franz that requires all PTSD subjects to be Vollenweider, MD. As Bulletin readers neuropsychological treatment-failures from both drug and know, Peter and his wife Verena are non-drug treatments. The request to conducting the ongoing MAPS-sponsored functioning. include a subject who is not a treat- Swiss MDMA/PTSD study, while Franz ment-failure is due to the unfortunate has been an international leader in brain fact that this veteran, like several imaging and other Phase 1 human re- others with whom we have spoken, search with MDMA and other has been diagnosed with PTSD but psychedelics. Dr. Christian Schopper, who has never been offered individual works with Franz Vollenweider, also treatment by the military. As of presented at the conference. They are September 27 the FDA is allowing us now doing fascinating work investigating to move forward. We have now altered psychophysiological parameters in submitted the same request to our PTSD patients and the possible effects of institutional review board (IRB) and treatment on these parameters, including expect to hear from them in October. treatment with MDMA-assisted therapy We have screened a veteran who is administered in Peter’s study. 12 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

It was really enjoyable and extremely symposium I will be co-chairing titled, Although useful for me and Annie to spend time “Drugs facilitation of psychotherapy in with these fellow researchers and friends, anxiety related disorders.” I’m looking we have not yet and to share our experiences and ideas forward to interesting discussions with about current and future research. In July, other researchers who are exploring the completed the study, Annie Mithoefer, BSN, my beloved wife model of using drugs intermittently as and co-therapist/investigator in our study, catalysts to psychotherapy rather than there has been joined Valerie Mojeko, June May Ruse and daily as direct treatment of symptoms. Amy Emerson to present1 on MDMA This is a small but growing area of psychi- considerable interest research at the Women’s Visionary atric research, both with non-psychedelic Congress, which was co-sponsored by compounds such as d-cycloserine and with in this research MAPS and the Women’s Visionary psychedelics such as MDMA, psilocybin Council. It was a wonderful conference and LSD. • throughout the and another chance to spend time and share ideas with other people interested in 1. This presentation, and others from international academic psychedelic research. At the time of this the Visionary Congress, are available in writing, I am about to leave for Vienna to mp3 format on the MAPS Web site: community. speak at the annual Congress of the maps.org/avarchive/wvc_audio.html European College of Neuropsycho- pharmacology. My talk will be part of a m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 13

Facing the Unknown: Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy in Subjects with Anxiety Related to End-of-Life Issues

Valerie Mojeiko, MAPS Clinical Research Associate

There is nothing more certain in life than death. Modern medicine strives at all costs to postpone it for as long as possible. But for those who are near death and burdened with anxiety, a new treatment is on the horizon. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy in patients with anxiety secondary to advanced-stage cancer and other life-threatening illnesses offers promises and hope – not in extending life – but in helping one come to terms with his or her own death. MAPS is approaching the idea from three different research angles: MDMA-, LSD-, and psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy.

A study developed initially with with anxiety associated with advanced Valerie Mojeiko MAPS’ assistance and support is taking stage melanoma cancer, under the direc- [email protected] place at Harvard University’s McLean tion of a team of physicians and mental Hospital under the direction of psychia- health care professionals at a world-class trist John Halpern, MD. This study is now cancer center. This study received FDA enrolling advanced-stage cancer patients clearance in October, 2007. We will be with anxiety who are willing to engage in able to disclose the names and institu- MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. It aims to tional affiliations of the researchers after show reductions in anxiety and pain in the study has received IRB approval. The patients who receive the experimental researchers for this study have generously We are pleased… dose of MDMA. After substantial delays offered to volunteer their time, reducing with recruitment, the study has recently overall costs significantly. to be offering expanded its inclusion criteria to allow With the exception of Dr. Halpern’s more people access to this novel treat- study, the studies described above are this unique opportunity ment. The study is now able to include going to be conducted under MAPS’ subjects who are still receiving palliative Investigational New Drug (IND) applica- to people for whom care, as well as subjects who are diagnosed tions with the US FDA, a prerequisite for with anxiety on the basis of a clinical petitioning the FDA to approve the drugs modern medicine has assessment as well as related measures of as prescription medicines. Dr. Halpern’s anxiety, rather than on the basis of a study is now independent of MAPS and given up hope… specific cut-off score on one anxiety has its own IND #, although the study measure. does cross-reference MAPS’ IND. In Switzerland, an ethics committee We at MAPS are pleased to be in- and Swissmedic recently approved what volved in these studies, and to be offering will become the world’s first study this unique opportunity to people for evaluating LSD’s therapeutic benefits in whom modern medicine has given up over 35 years. Psychiatrist Peter Gasser, hope and society has, in many cases, cast MD, will conduct LSD-assisted psycho- aside. We will all be in the same place one therapy with subjects who are diagnosed day soon. with anxiety related to life-threatening We are currently seeking $250,000 in illnesses, and will measure changes in funding to carry out the current phase of anxiety and pain over the course of the our research with psychedelics and end- treatment. of-life issues. Please consider making a Another MAPS-sponsored study is tax-deductible contribution to support testing the effectiveness of psilocybin- these studies today. • assisted psychotherapy in nine subjects 14 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

Stanislav Grof Receives Vaclav Havel Award

R.M. Crockford

Another chapter in Prague’s history mistake,” and a Czech skeptics’ society as a city of unusual wonder was recorded accused Dr. Grof of “propagating absurd on October 5, when the VIZE97 Founda- ideas” by claiming that breathwork tion, created by playwright and former enables participants to re-experience past Czech president Vaclav Havel, presented lives and their own birth. But such a lifetime achievement award to Dr. criticisms were dismissed later in the Stanislav Grof, one of the world’s leading evening by Havel himself, in his speech to psychedelic researchers. Dr. Grof, who the packed auditorium. was born near Prague in 1931, pioneered “This prize is for visionaries, for LSD-assisted psychotherapy in Czecho- explorers, for people who overstep R.M. Crockford slovakia until he emigrated to the United boundaries and notice new and unpredict- [email protected] States in 1967. able connections,” said Havel. Such The ceremonies took place at the researchers take risks, he noted, because R.M. Crockford is a Canadian writer Prague Crossroads, a deconsecrated 10th- they’re often attacked by “hard traditional- researching the psychiatric use century church converted into a spiritual ists who can’t imagine that science could and meeting center by Mr. Havel’s founda- step beyond its own limits. These people of LSD in Czechoslovakia in tion. The day began with Dr. Grof signing can even be fanatical opponents to the 1960s. Last year, copies of New Perspectives in Psychiatry anything that is outside traditional MAPS published and Psychology, a collection of his recent thinking. In the name of rationality, they Stan Grof’s latest book, writings in Czech, and then joining a two- sometimes actually fight against new hour panel discussion about his work, and ideas.” The Ultimate Journey: the challenges of trying to reconcile “I’ve always believed that what Consciousness and the mystical experiences with organized happened once can’t be erased, that the Mystery of Death, religion and modern psychiatry. The whole history of our planet, and the available in the MAPS Webstore at: discussions, open to the public, were cosmos, is being written somewhere, that attended by about 100 well-wishers - a Being has its own memory,” Havel contin- MAPS.org/catalog. local magazine recently named Dr. Grof ued. “The work of Dr. Grof showed me one of the 20 most important spiritual that sometimes, something can return leaders in the Czech nation’s history - from this greater memory to our own along with several Czechs trained in consciousness. And that we can surpris- holotropic breathwork, a drug-free ingly experience, maybe only for a few method to induce non-ordinary states of minutes, something that happened a long consciousness that Dr. Grof developed time ago, or in faraway places, that we with his wife Christina. couldn’t know by other means.” “Many addicts are on a journey to find Havel and his wife Dagmar presented something, and they had several mystical Dr. Grof with a stylized staff of St. Vojtech, experiences, but most of them were not the patron saint of Bohemia. Afterwards, able to integrate them,” said Stanislav Dr. Grof said he was deeply moved by the Kudrle, a Czech psychiatrist who has used ceremony. It brought his work back to his breathwork to treat drug and birthplace, he noted, and it was an honor addicts for 18 years. “What Stan Grof did to be recognized by a statesman and is, he brought the maps, he brought the philosopher he greatly admires. model and the method which makes it “And then [there was] the tremen- possible to support these people on their dous surprise that Vaclav Havel had the quest.” courage to appreciate research in some- Not everyone was pleased about the thing that’s so controversial. It’s extremely awarding of the Havel prize to Dr. Grof. important in terms of other people taking Priests and psychiatrists were quoted in a a second look, because of who he is. I hope Prague newspaper that day saying the that it can ultimately help the field.” • foundation had made an “embarrassing m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 15

Psychedelic Emergency Services: Report from Burning Man 2007

Since 2001, when we operated our facility, where people share and compare first “Psychedelic Mission Control” station techniques for helping people to maximize at the Hookahville festival in Ohio, MAPS the value and healing they get out of their has organized teams out on the field in difficult trips. Our volunteers bring with places where large numbers of people use them expertise based on their own healing psychedelics. We have assisted in several and therapeutic work using psychedelics, locations, including the Boom festival in western psychology and medicine, Portugal and the North Carolina regional bodywork, breathwork, art, and different Burning Man, but our largest and most eastern tools, like meditation, Zen koan successful event by far remains our study and nature work. Many times our services at the Burning Man festival in service is as simple as providing a loving Valerie Mojeiko the Black Rock desert of Nevada, where presence, someone to talk to, or a hand to [email protected] we have been organizing a volunteer hold. Of course, because this is such a effort since 2003. Burning Man, unlike small field and so much of the knowledge the other venues where we have provided exists underground, we often find that services, is more than just a party. It is a everyone plays the role of both teacher full-fledged city that exists for one week and student during their time volunteer- out of the year–run by its own rules of ing in Sanctuary. In order to give respect radical self-reliance and a gift-based to all of these voices, we encourage an economy–and complete with a post office, open-ended conversation using peer medical center, and plenty of participatory education techniques during the training activities. sessions. Sanctuary is a safe space created by Our approach to working with the Black Rock City Rangers, Burning visitors at Sanctuary stems from the Man’s girl/boy-scout-like non-confronta- principles of . First of tional mediators, to temporarily shelter all, we subscribe to a “talk through” not people who are having a tough time at the “talk down” approach, meaning that we event, including many having challenging are willing to work with people as they or difficult psychedelic experiences. MAPS explore their difficult experiences instead recruits and trains volunteers for Sanctu- of pushing them to act normal, which isn’t ary who are interested in sitting for people always possible or even desirable. We give undergoing difficult psychological experi- people permission to be where they are at ences. To do so, we bring together psychia- and go deeper, if they choose to do so. We trists, therapists, experienced peers, see ourselves as facilitators, not guides, shamans, and researchers who work with meaning that it is not our role to guide or psychedelics on FDA clinical trials. attempt to direct someone else’s experi- Sanctuary operates for the full duration of ence. Not knowing each person’s history the event, 24 hours a day for seven days. or even much about their present circum- Many of the people we work with in stances, we are in no position to decide Sanctuary are undergoing psychedelic-like what is best for them. Instead we are crises even though they did not ingest any guided by the direction of their experi- drugs, since the environment–with its ence. Not every visitor wants “therapy,” 100 degree days, “white out” dust storms, and we don’t pressure people to talk or do and radical self-expression–can be anything else. overwhelming at times. For those who do want more active While we do bring some of the help, we encourage them to stay with their world’s foremost psychedelic researchers emotions, accepting what comes even if it to the event to work in Sanctuary, the seems frightening at first. In a supportive environment is more analogous to a environment, what seems to be a “bad teaching hospital than to a research trip” can be transformed into a healing 16 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

experience, often quite spontaneously. An important part This year we had one especially dedicated volunteer, of the process is integration; we place special emphasis on K., who contributed over 75 hours in the months preced- talking with someone after they come down, inviting ing the event to collect volunteer applications, create a them to return later if necessary, and encouraging them to schedule, and act as the general point of contact for all write or create artwork reflecting their experience. volunteer inquiries. Our volunteer summer intern, Louise, Our approach differs from traditional medical treat- was also invaluable in donating 55 hours helping us with ment of psychedelic crises in that we try at all costs not to our general preparation for embarking on the journey to employ sedatives, especially not major tranquilizers such Burning Man. as Haldol, which is commonly used in emergency room Due to this substantial contribution of volunteer settings. The administration of tranquilizers can lead to an labor, and the brilliant suggestion of returning Sanctuary individual becoming stuck in the volunteer and shift leader Annie Harrison, this year we trauma and can prevent the therapeutic were able to create the first-ever process from running its course. Sanctuary Support Camp. This camp Likewise, if an individual is distracted, was dedicated to supporting the as in the traditional lay technique of Our approach differs Sanctuary workers, providing a trying to “talk someone down” this can homebase for some of the core volun- prevent the individual from gaining the from traditional medical teers, and providing a place for Sanctu- maximum healing and growth potential ary-related meetings and inquiries. from their experience. treatment of psychedelic The Sanctuary Support Camp was In the past five years, MAPS located inside of Entheon Village, volunteers have sat for or provided crises in that we try at all which also hosted many MAPS other services to nearly 500 visitors in members and friends. Sanctuary. Just under half of those costs not to employ Our work has been so well- people were dealing with an issue received, we are happy to continue directly related to ingestion of a sedatives. providing this service at the model, yet psychedelic substance. The stories of temporary, community that is Burning how the visitors ended up there are Man. In light of our success and always different, but so far the results continued effort, we are pleased to have been the same. We have received release a new page of our Website overwhelmingly high amounts of dedicated to information about psyche- positive feedback from our visitors, and many sincere delic emergency services (maps.org/psyems). Check it out words of gratitude for this space and the caring people for information on how to become part of our team, and who dedicate a part of their “burn” to helping others. for resources on the techniques of psychedelic therapy Many of the people who were successfully attended to in and sitting for someone having a difficult psychedelic Sanctuary would have likely ended up in the hands of experience. police officers, had our services not existed. Psychedelic Though MAPS’ primary work is sponsoring govern- emergency services have proven to be an invaluable ment-approved psychedelic psychotherapy research, we resource for participants at events where people are have also devoted significant amounts of staff time and ingesting psychedelics, and they benefit the host organiza- resources to assisting at Sanctuary. The people in our team tion throwing the event by decreasing the need for costly have all struggled with their own difficult psychedelic law enforcement and medical intervention. experiences at some point and would like to give some- In my past four years of coordinating this project for thing back to the community. In addition, the work at MAPS, I have made it a personal goal to decentralize the Sanctuary enables researchers/therapists to meet and control of the MAPS volunteer effort in Sanctuary. Each learn from each other, enhancing the transfer of skills in year MAPS sends less “experts” to staff the space, and this field at the crucial stage of a global renaissance of more Burners come forth to volunteer, each of whom research. MAPS’ research is socially delicate and is put offers their own expert knowledge to the team. By at some political risk by the public fears generated when handing over the responsibility for the project, we have people try psychedelics in non-medical contexts and seen great results and been able to accomplish much encounter psychological difficulties, especially if these more than we could have on our own. This year, over people experience long-term psychological problems 50 volunteers came together to help with the Sanctuary. and have their cases reported by the media. By helping We have also seen our volunteers become more involved to provide a model of psychedelic , MAPS in the formal Burning Man organization itself, as several works to reduce the number of psychedelic casualties and of our longtime volunteers have become Rangers over in the process demonstrates its vision of a post-prohibi- the past few years. tion future. • m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 17

A␣ training workshop at the Sanctuary support camp.

Photo: Felix Handlesman

Here are some tips from the Psychedelic Emergency Services (PSYEMS) team for working with someone who is in the midst of a difficult : • Honor and respect the person having the crisis. • Sit quietly with the person, making them feel safe. • Reassure them: 1) This will pass, this is a process. 2) This is an experience other people have had. ... MAPS works to 3) There will be support afterwards. • Wait and calm them down through talk, knowing the duration reduce the number of of the substance taken. psychedelic casualties • Walk with them, talking or not. • Have them express the experience through sound. and in the process • Have them move through it, through a physical expression, demonstrates its vision holding a certain posture or letting the body go. • If you know how, do some deep, intensive bodywork, or just hold them of a post-prohibition (meeting their needs) or gently massage them. Always ask for permission regarding any kind of physical contact. future. • Have appropriate sitter regarding male/female, important when recall of sexual abuse or release of sexual energy takes place. • Encourage the person to recline, eyes closed or blindfolded, and listen to comforting music. • If their emotions are overwhelming them, encourage their expression. • When the person is calm enough or has come back from their difficult psychedelic experience, have art supplies and writing material available. 18 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

Duncan Blewett: A Life’s Work, Maybe More

Larry Schor, PhD

It was during my last visit to Mexico that I came notable intensity to his observations and insights. He was to understand Duncan more fully. Although the trip had lighter and even more fun to be with. It was like fresh been planned for months, his wife, also a psychologist, batteries or high-octane fuel. But this session was differ- had voiced increasing concern about Duncan’s memory ent: He looked at me with even more than the usual loss. He had always seemed the ‘absent minded professor,’ clarity in his eyes and said, “I’m as lucid as I have ever but those of us who knew him well were aware that his been or will likely be again. If there is anything you would mind was never absent; only tuned to a different fre- like to ask me, now is a good time.” quency or dimension. The fear was that this tuning was So. I asked him how and why he had become a something more; something organic, and turning. I psychologist. More specifically, I asked how he had remembered, a few years earlier during a class he was become involved in the legendary LSD research in teaching, when Duncan was Saskatchewan with Humphry Osmond, unable to retrieve a word Abram Hoffer, and others. He began by from his extensive vocabu- describing his experience in World lary. He looked up at the War II, where he was stationed in Italy students and said, “The as an artilleryman firing mortars at an nouns are the first to go.” unseen enemy. He spent months in the We did not yet know hospital recovering from what I for certain that Alzheimer’s gathered to be a combination of disease had invaded his exhaustion, disease, and perhaps lovely and brilliant intellect. broken-heartedness. And so it was that this trip Now, watching the ocean, his carried with it the burden demeanor changed dramatically as he that I was there, in part, to recalled finding himself in London on render both my personal V.E. (Victory in Europe) Day. He and professional assessment described countless thousands of people of Duncan’s mental status. Larry Schor, PhD crawling out of the shelters into the Duncan knew this. It was an daylight. Everyone was embracing each uncomfortable role for both He looked at me with even more than other, embracing life itself. Not only for of us: He, my dearest Duncan was there the promise that the the usual clarity in his eyes and said, mentor, who had estab- war would be won, but there was also lished himself as a pioneer- “I’m as lucid as I have ever been or the certainty that humankind had ing psychologist long before will likely be again. If there is learned its lesson this time. I suppose it my birth, and me, his pupil, anything you would like to ask me, was as if the war had been like the friend, and even disciple. He worst acid trip imaginable, and V.E. day now is a good time.” knew more than I about like dosing humanity with Ecstasy. psychological assessment Duncan truly believed that he was and had been trained by the very best, the people we read witnessing human transformation at a collective and about in our textbooks during our doctoral training. He irreversible level. He was convinced that we were ap- toyed with me by vacillating among the roles of caricature proaching the onset of the “great elation.” It turned out, as of the mental patient, co-researcher, and desperate friend. we both knew, that he was not only wrong, but tragically He knew why I was asking questions like, “Do you naïve as well. But I appreciated in a new way how the remember who stopped by this morning?” or “What room contrast of these experiences had crystallized Duncan’s were we in before this one?” His answers were discourag- singular duty to preach the gospel of peace and love long ing at times. before these became slogans of the counter-culture A few days later, we had the opportunity to spend movement of the sixties. some time alone. He took LSD; I did not. I had seen After the war, Canadian veterans were given the Duncan under the influence of the drug many times over choice of either a lump sum payment or an education, and the course of nearly twenty years, but, unlike anyone else Duncan chose the latter, enrolling at the University of I have ever known, there simply was no obvious differ- British Columbia for Bachelors and Masters degrees, and ence. With LSD, he was more animated and there was a receiving a full scholarship at the University of London m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 19

where he earned his doctorate in The second and related a mere eighteen months under hypothesis was rooted in the legendary and controversial Humphrey Osmond’s coining of Hans Eysenk. After completing the term, psychedelic, or “mind his studies, Duncan worked in manifesting.” Perhaps the Illinois with the famed personal- psychedelic experience might ity theorist Raymond Cattel, allow us a glimpse of the inner publishing articles that employed workings of the human mind. rigorous statistical procedures to Although Duncan continued investigate heritability of to use the language of a scientist, personality traits. But soon tiring he was becoming a mystic, or as of attempts to classify personality he preferred to call it, a into discrete and measurable psychenaut, an astronaut elements, Duncan accepted the exploring inner space rather position as the first Chief The Duncan Blewett than outer space. He maintained Psychologist in Saskatchewan, his sense of academic rigor as Canada, where there was a Memorial Research Fund evidenced in his 1959 manu- progressive government as well script, Handbook for the Therapeu- as recognition that little cure was To honor the compassionate and tic Use of Lysergic Acid Diethyla- available for the afflicted in the courageous work of this pioneering mide-25, Individual and Group large mental hospitals where Procedures, which remains patients often remained for psychedelic researcher, MAPS is accepting relevant to this day. twenty-five years or more. Duncan was indeed and in And so it was that Duncan donations for psychedelic research in deeds a man ahead of his time. In returned to Canada and the Duncan’s name. Duncan’s widow, Dr. June fact, he was precisely a half- Prairie to fight a different kind of century ahead of his time. war. This time, the casualties Blewett, has started the fund with a generous Thanks to MAPS, the world has were psychological; people just about caught up to where whose minds were ravaged by $5,000 donation. Please consider Duncan was fifty years ago. schizophrenia facing an all but honoring Duncan’s life by making Duncan often commented that hopeless future. Word had he was ecstatic to see the gotten around that Albert a generous gift to this fund. progress that MAPS is making in Hofmann had synthesized LSD- establishing the safety and 25, a powerful drug that elicited efficacy of psychedelic therapy profound alterations in sensation and perception. according to modern drug development standards. There were anecdotal reports of people losing their It is in this spirit that MAPS is pleased to establish the minds, finding their way, or both. Duncan Blewett Memorial Psychedelic Research Fund. As I understand it, the hypotheses were twofold: Perhaps understanding the depth and range of human First, a chemically-induced state eliciting hallucinations experience Duncan described first in war and later (like so and delusions might provide a “model psychosis,” wherein many others) through the therapeutic use of LSD, might the psychologist could gain a glimpse of what it was really help people to prevent the next suicide, act of despair, like to be psychotic. In doing so, Duncan and his col- child abuse, or even the next war, as we realize the leagues paved the way for a transformation in the field of potential power of mindfulness, connectedness, and love. psychotherapy. Such a transformation involved a paradig- To kick-start this memorial fund, Duncan’s widow, matic shift from a vision of psychotherapy in which the Dr. June Blewett, has generously made a $5,000 gift. She therapist remains neutral and objective, to the develop- encourages those who wish to honor Duncan’s legacy to ment of the deepest possible empathy, wherein the join her in supporting psychedelic research. psychotherapist joins in the therapeutic struggle in an A celebration is being held all over the world attempt to see out of the patients’ eyes, rather than and everyone is invited. It begins now! • merely look into them. 20 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

Turning the Tide for Psychedelic Medicines

Michael Winkelman and Thomas B. Roberts Editors of Psychedelic Medicine: New Evidence for Hallucinogenic Substances as Treatments: Volume 1&2. Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood Publishers. 2007.

Led by Nixon-era political forces during the 1960s and 1970s, the ancient sacred medicines of the world became demonized in a repressive response to their visionary and therapeutic potentials and social-politi- cal events of the times. Placed under administrative law provisions controlling medicines, these “plants of the gods” were then classified as Schedule I substances, considered without medical use but with a high abuse potential. Dozens of plants that have been used for thousands of years for many ailments were largely placed out of the reach of science, clinicians and the public. But for almost four decades, these medicines of humanity have per- Michael Winkelman, PhD sisted in public consciousness, clandestine clinics, and the scientific laboratories. Psychedelic Medicine (edited by Michael Winkelman and Tom Roberts) celebrates a turn in the tide and documents the continued efforts to understand the many treatment opportunities that these substances provide and their new-found ability to address significant contemporary health problems.

Psychedelic Medicine provides a broad applications to alcoholism and overview of this re-emerging field in 30 medicine and transpersonal and spiritual chapters authored primarily by leading counseling. Together they provide an physicians, medical researchers, and understanding of why these psychedelic psychologists who have continued to medicines are becoming important and explore the potentials of these substances. provide prospective best uses and practice Complemented by the legal and social perspectives regarding how further views of anthropologists and lawyers, research may serve humanity in the Thomas B. Roberts, PhD these substances and their healing poten- future. tials are re-evaluated in light of the recent Social and Clinical Contexts, decades of clinical, neurological, epidemio- Medical Applications, and logical and neurological research and legal Legal Issues developments. Together, these lines of In the introduction to Volume I, the evidence establish the potential usefulness nature of these substances is of these substances and point to their reconceptualized by Michael Winkelman ability to address serious treatment- as “psychointegrative effects.” Rejecting resistant conditions that plague us today. classic characterizations as “hallucino- Our considerations of these ancient- gens,” Winkelman uses interdisciplinary and future-medicines are organized into and neurophenomenological perspectives two volumes. The first volume provides to illustrate their multiple integrative historical, cultural, clinical and legal mechanisms of action from neurological perspectives; the second illustrates their through cognitive levels, enhancing m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 21

information integration. He reviews evidence of their occasionally drive their victims. Here we see the ethical systemic serotonergic mechanisms that underlie their issues and the moral necessity of using the psycho- many different effects. Torsten Passie’s chapter, “Contem- integrators in the treatment of the cluster headaches, porary Psychedelic Therapy,” conveys contemporary highlighted by their virtually untreatable nature within understandings of “best uses” and therapeutic practices. biomedicine, and the desperate situation of the patients Largely based on research carried out before prohibition, illustrated by their other name – suicide headaches. these early engagements with psychedelic medicine Michael Mithoefer’s chapter reports clinical research provide evidence about both effective treatment of a range that illustrates another area in which the applications of of psychological conditions resistant to ordinary psycho- the psychointegrators is a moral imperative, in the use of therapeutic interventions and guidelines for their use. MDMA for treatment of PTSD. The growing prevalence of Concerns about their safety and appropriate application PTSD and the inadequacy of conventional treatments in are addressed by Ede Frecska in “Therapeutic Guidelines: addressing this disorder reflect the inadequacy of conven- Dangers and Contra- tional psychotherapy. Indications in Therapeutic MDMA’s ability to facilitate Applications of Hallucino- therapy for PTSD involves “The contributors represent an outstanding group of gens.” He points out that its ability to reduce acute even when abuse is in- scientists, scholars, and clinicians …Likely to be stress reactions and curtail- cluded with responsible use, ing the cycle of the body’s there is very little evidence of interest to scientists, clergy, mental health professionals, stress response. Other that these substances pose effects include a reversal and anyone interested in the mind, these books provide dangers in most circum- of emotional numbing, stances, although there are an up-to-date review of the status of facilitating a connection clear counter-indications. with the traumatic memo- In spite of the relative safety in modern medicine, as well as ries necessary for engaging of psychedelic medicines, in therapeutic resolution of a historical review of their status in the past. there are acute and long- the trauma. George Greer term psychological effects This set is highly recommended.” and Requa Tolbert integrate which Frecska’s chapter their earlier evidence points to strategies for – Harriet de Wit, PhD, Professor, regarding the effects of managing. Nonetheless, MDMA in psychotherapy Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago much public knowledge through addressing unre- about these substances is solved emotional conflicts skewed by sensationalistic associated with fear re- mis-reporting and the social political processes that affect sponses, reducing conditioned fear responses and avoid- our access to these substances, illustrated in Dennis ance of feelings. They illustrate how MDMA enhances McKenna’s chapter that places our concerns in the access to the traumatic feelings and memories and im- broader historical context of political reactions to social proves therapeutic relationships by inducing a state of movements of the 1960’s. McKenna also reports evidence loving and forgiving. By reducing anxiety-provoking on the safety of , one of the most important and feelings, MDMA makes it easier for patients to trust the extensive psychedelic medicines on the planet. validity of their own feelings and release the associated In Section Two, “Medical Applications,” psychedelic emotional blockages. treatment of often-intractable health problems are Charles Grob’s chapter considers psilocybin’s applica- illustrated. The range of conditions for which tions in treating problems associated with terminal cancer psychointegrators might be applied are quite large, given such as existential anxiety, despair and fear often encoun- the extensive range of conditions which they are used to tered by dying patients and their families. The psycho- treat around the world. Furthermore, in spite of the integrator’s spirituality-inducing effects go beyond prohibitions that have drastically restricted research, conventional psychotherapies to facilitate core psycho- clinical research is verifying the utility of these ancient logical processes involved in end of life issues. Similar medicines for contemporary and often intractable mala- acute issues are addressed in Donald Abrams’s review of dies ranging from depression and cluster headaches to research on the use of Marijuana for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), OCD, and the AIDS, particularly the AIDS wasting syndrome. The broad wasting syndrome. Andrew Sewell and John Halpern’s potentials of these substances for the treatment of emo- chapter addresses the use of LSD and psilocybin in tional disorders are illustrated by Michael Montagne’s treatment of the notorious cluster headaches, also known chapter “Psychedelic Therapy for the Treatment of as “suicide headaches” because of their virtually Depression.” Research reported in the chapter by Fran- untreatable nature and the desperate ends to which they cisco Moreno and Pedro Delgado on “Psilocybin Treat- 22 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

ment of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder” illustrates diseases of our times, the addictions to alcohol, , another area where the psychointegrators offer promise and opiates and their synthetic for conditions that are often not effectively treated by derivatives. conventional biomedical remedies. , Psychotherapy, The third section of Volume 1 addresses the legal and Transpersonal Healing context of the restrictions on clinical use of these sub- Volume II of Psychedelic Medicine shows how some stances. Richard Boire’s chapter provides guidelines for of these developments are already occurring, often outside adapting to the legal constraints on these substance the US in the psychedelic treatment of addictions. Peyote, created by administrative regulations. Boire outlines a ayahuasca, ibogaine and chemical substances such as LSD “medical necessity defense,” a justification for using a and ketamine have been found to provide dramatic relief substance when lawful medical treatments have been of symptoms of addiction and provide powerful forces for found to be ineffective. Although the treatment is prohib- reorganizing the lives of addicts to help them achieve ited by Schedule I classifica- sobriety. Chapters by John tion, a defense may be Halpern and by Richard viable if the treatment used Yensen and Donna Dryer reduces the patient’s severe recount the historical suffering without causing “The contributors to these volumes development of these disproportionate harm to studies in the 1960s, largely make a persuasive case that science others (patient, other involving the use of LSD to people, or to the State’s should now do more treat alcoholism. A signifi- interest). Kevin Fenney’s cant feature of the pharma- chapter expands our to pursue these questions.” cological effects came to be understanding of the seen as involving an “after – Prof. Jonathan D. Moreno possible permissible uses of glow” of positive affect and these substances through University of Pennsylvania increased openness to the constitutional and therapeutic intervention legislative protections of Center for Bioethics that lasted several weeks. religious freedoms. Federal Furthermore, a crucial legislation and court rulings therapeutic role came to be regarding Native Ameri- attributed to the responses cans’ rights to use peyote to large doses, the “peak may not be logically, or experience” that produced perhaps even legally- the personal transformation denied, to others in society. Other venues for increasing of the addict to an engagement with sobriety. These opportunities for the use of these sacred medicines is transformative potentials were the basis for new views of through religious based uses such as the Brazilian ayahua- the potentials of these substances embodied in the concept sca churches, as illustrated in the chapter by Alberto of the psychedelic paradigm of psychotherapy. Groisman and Marlene de Rios which examines the While the studies of the early period did not generally cultural context surrounding the Supreme Court decision meet standards of research of today, they nonetheless protecting the rights of the US ayahuasca churches. established the dramatic initial increases in the sobriety of In their conclusions to Volume I, Winkelman and the LSD treatment groups as compared to controls, with Roberts address four major interrelated approaches for effects tapering off. The “after glow” effects of enhancing responsible access to psychedelic medicines psychointegrators suggest the necessity of combining through: utilizing currently available international psycholytic and psychedelic mechanisms in addiction psychotherapeutic resources and recently expanded treatment. Such combined and long term therapies are religious approaches; altering social attitudes through illustrated in the chapter by Jaques Mabit on his long term education and the media; changing administrative policies addictions treatment program using ayahuasca on through public policy, judicial, and legislative approaches; addicts and others in Tarapoto, Peru. The shamanic ap- and creating new business approaches through a corpo- proach successfully employed there contrasts with the rate model. They lay out the groundwork for a public kinds of approaches being used in the Native American health and harm reduction endeavor. They show how it is Church, described in Joseph Calabrese’s chapter, which that education, pubic policy development and collective points to the irony of the US government’s Indian Health political action rather than just more science is necessary Services reimbursing for peyote ceremonies for Native for changing opportunities for the use of American alcoholics. But rather than strictly pharmacologi- psychointegrators. We have a moral imperative to apply cal effects, the cultural psychosocial therapies described by them to the treatment of some of the most ravaging social Calabrese are part of an “emplotment” of their lives, a re- m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 23

integration of the self into cultural patterns that is facili- patterns of use and evidence regarding various mecha- tated by the effects of peyote. These processes of “meaning nisms of ibogaine’s effectiveness in resolving addition. making” take a significant role in the process of overcoming Ibogaine may not depend on a ritual context as much addictions, a re-creation of the self in spiritual terms. because of it ability to engage the person with long term In contrast to the significant role of these cultural memories which are experienced as waking dreams. psychotherapies in addiction treatment, the use of Unique practices are reported from the Soviet Union ibogaine and ketamine in the treatment of , meth- in Evgeny Krupitsky and Eli Kolp’s chapter on the effec- and alcohol addictions appear to depend tiveness of ketamine in psychedelic psychotherapy for the more on the physiological effects. Derived originally from treatment of both alcoholics and addicts. Ketamine indigenous spiritual uses of the iboga root by the Bwiti of represents an unusual case of a drug already approved by west-central Africa, the ibogaine extract has a history of the FDA for use as an anesthetic, now being applied off informal treatment of addiction in addict communities, label for addictions. They review a history of studies

“Roberts and Winkelman have assembled one of the most impressive and

comprehensive collections of writings in the field of psychedelic medicine. This work is an invaluable resource for

educators, clinicians, and policy makers.” – Stephen Ross, MD, Director, Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse,

Bellevue Hospital

functioning largely within the context of both addict and showing ketamine’s use for treating a range of conditions, medical subcultures rather than in conventional medical as well as catapulting the psychedelic treatments beyond settings. Ibogaine became an important element in heroin impasse’s experienced with LSD treatments. Krupitsky self-help groups and harm reduction movements among and Kolp review best uses and practices for applying addicts in the Netherlands. Although NIDA funded Phase ketamine’s ability to induce “ego dissolving transpersonal I studies, they failed to continue funding the study for peak experiences” as a key part of treatment of addiction. Phase II evaluations in spite of promising results. It has Together these chapters make a dramatic statement nonetheless remained available in alternative non- regarding the collective potentials of psychointegrators to medical treatment settings around the world, including in address a rather intractable problem: addiction. While conventional medical settings in countries where not individual rights to experience drug-induced altered states prohibited by law. Kenneth Alper and Howard Lotsof of consciousness ought to be respected, those caught in review the many forms of evidence regarding the efficacy cycles of dependence need more effective tools for helping of ibogaine in reducing withdrawal cravings, particularly end their addiction. Physicians and the government have elimination of opioid and cocaine withdrawal symptoms a moral obligation to make the psychointegrators available and lasting resolution of the acute withdrawal syndromes for clinical use. Achieving this will require for several weeks to months. Alper and Lotsof review a variety of political, bureaucratic and policy-making research indicating that the mechanisms of action of endeavors outlined in Psychedelic Medicine. ibogaine are different from other addiction treatments: it The second section of Volume II addresses the state of is neither an opiate agonist nor an opiate antagonist, nor knowledge regarding psychotherapeutic applications of does it appear to operate on a serotonin model. They psychointegrators. There are many forms of evidence suggest “that ibogaine treatment results in the ‘resetting’ regarding best uses, supportive psychotherapies and or ‘normalization’ of neuroadaptations thought to under- common processes that are derived from shamanic lie the development of dependence.” They describe traditions, early pre-prohibition research, and various 24 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

“grey areas” of continued therapeutic uses. Neal The next chapter is a reprint of what is certain to become Goldsmith’s “Ten Lessons of Psychedelic Psychotherapy, a new classic of psychedelic clinical research – Richard Rediscovered” explores the similarities between psyche- Griffiths, William Richards, Una McCann and Robert delic practice guidelines that emerged from 60 years of use Jesse’s study, “Psilocybin Can Occasion Mystical-type and the premodern practices found in societies around the Experiences Having Substantial and Sustained Personal world. A wide range of lessons have been learned about Meaning and Spiritual Significance.” This well-controlled best uses and should guide any future medical use of these double blind study exemplifies the standards of a new substances. Michael Winkelman’s “Shamanic Guidelines generation of studies establishing the powerful spiritual for Psychedelic Medicines” examines the pre-adapted best effects of psychointegrators. These findings illustrate the uses and practices applications of these substances importance of what Stanislav Grof’s LSD therapy research discovered in shamanic traditions around the world. The revealed decades ago-that these substances reveal new universality of shamanic practices points to dimensions of the psyche and the emotional dynamics of nuerotheological bases, a humans. In his chapter, biological foundation for “New Perspectives in shamanism. These innate “These volumes present fresh ideas for Understanding and Treat- bases incorporated using psychedelic drugs as therapeutic agents to ing Psychological Disor- psychointegrators in ways ders,” Grof illustrates how that reflect their neurologi- treat some of the most intractable of these tools not only reveal cal principles, providing an deep embedded aspects of important foundation for all psychological ailments. Thanks to these psychological trauma, but therapeutic applications. forward-thinking educators, researchers, and also tools for their treat- These perspectives are ment. These new directions extended in the chapter clinicians, we now have new paths to explore are further explored in based on Sean House’s Roger Marsden and David research findings on in the cure for old diseases.” Lukoff’s chapter on “Common Processes in – Nicholas V. Cozzi, PhD, “Transpersonal Healing Psychedelic-Induced with Hallucinogens.” Psychospiritual Change.” Department of Pharmacology, Tom Roberts’s conclu- His study of the reported sions point to the many effects of psychedelics on University of Wisconsin School of new paradigms of society the life and work of mental Medicine and Public Health and academy that can be health professionals pro- produced through the vides generalizations applications of psychedelic regarding their overall effects on psychotherapeutic and medicines. His conclusions chapter points to a new psychospiritual processes and guidelines for managing multistate paradigm in which the psychointegrators psychointegrator induced experiences. His examination of give us access to an expanded range of human capabilities the principles manifested in psychedelic-induced thera- for applications in ethics, education, theology, cognitive peutic experiences reveals their relevance to the central studies, and other fields. Their extraordinary possibilities concerns of the major psychotherapeutic traditions. These are attested to in the ancient shamanic traditions of perspectives on the appropriate integration of the world. psychointegrators into psychotherapy are expanded in Some might question the extent to which these Dan Merkur’s chapter, “A Psychoanalytic Approach to substances are safe. In their conclusions to Volume I, Psychedelic Psychotherapy.” Here we learn how the Winkelman and Roberts show how there is evidence different categories of phenomena produced by supporting Phase I and Phase II claims. As Alper and psychointegrators can be used to induce therapeutic Lotsof point out in their chapter assessing ibogaine, there change. is good validation of the safety and effectiveness of these The final section of the book returns to the roots of substances from “triangulation”-a combination of data the psychedelic medicines, their use in spiritual traditions from animal research, medical case studies, clinical and the powerful effects that they have in inducing access judgment based on extensive experiences and personal to what some call “another order of existence”-the accounts of those who have received these substances as transpersonal dimensions. In Roger Walsh and Charles treatments. What most impedes progress in the use of Grob’s chapter on “Psychological Health and Growth,” these substances is not the lack of science but the priori- we see the kinds of effects that the early use of these ties placed on politics and ignorance. Psychedelic Medicine substances had on the development and lives of some of calls for concerted political action combined with wide the great figures of Transpersonal Psychology and their public education. • insights regarding the benefits of psychedelic medicines. m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 25

World Psychedelic Forum Change of Consciousness: A Challenge of the 21st Century Dieter A. Hagenbach and Lucius Werthmüller, Co-founders, Gaia Media

Psychedelics have been widely used for thousands Shulgin. Also, promi- of years nearly everywhere on the planet. Psychoactive nent artists and plants have been central to most ancient sacred rituals contemporary wit- and primitive medical treatments. They have been nesses like Carolyn worshipped in all cultures as “Plants of the Gods” and “Mountain Girl” Garcia considered as mediators between human beings and the or visionary painter universe, linking the physical to the spiritual dimensions Alex Grey, and of existence. Columbian shaman In January, 2006, the international symposium Kajuyali Tsamani will “LSD: Problem Child and Wonder Drug,” took place on come to Basel, to give the occasion of the 100th birthday of Albert Hofmann, account about their PhD, the discoverer of LSD. Several thousand visitors and personal experiences with psychedelics and its influence more than 200 media reporters from 37 countries gath- on art and culture. In addition more than 30 papers and ered in Basel to hear lectures from scientists and histori- dissertations from rising researchers from various coun- ans, to exchange ideas and disseminate information. It was tries will be presented. LSD discoverer Albert Hofmann the biggest conference of its kind worldwide. For the first will attend the conference as a guest of honor. time since the turbulent 1960s, a wide range of issues and Each morning will begin with a “Tune-in,” a medita- topics related to psychedelics has been brought back to tive-musical start into the program. Afterwards, as well as public discussion and re-evaluation. in the early afternoons, plenary events will take place The World Psychedelic Forum will expand on this with short talks, a moderator, and several speakers that renewed interest, presenting a unique opportunity for will illustrate the day’s topics in order to give the audience experts, researchers, and interested persons from all reference points for easy navigation through the dense around the globe to exchange views and hear presenta- program of the day. Before noon, in the early and in the tions on the latest research investigating the value of late afternoon, 40 and 90-minute seminars, panels, and these remarkable substances in medicine, psychology, workshops will be staged. There will be three blocks of science, religion, culture and the arts. 3 to 4 presentations each. At the end of most lectures At the World Psychedelic Forum more than fifty the speakers will be available in the foyer of the experts from all over the world will bear witness to, and Congress Center for follow-up discussions or individual shine light upon the multi-dimensional psychedelic conversations. experience with its tremendous potential for expanding A rich supporting program will be presented in the consciousness and for self-awareness. We will hear of foyer of the Congress Center from Friday to Sunday, with the renewal of research that foretells a promising future discussions, exhibits, shows and films. On Monday, March when psychedelic plants and their synthetic derivatives 24, day- and half-day seminars will take place with Alex will reclaim their destined position as incomparably and Allyson Grey, Stanislav Grof, Ralph Metzner and valuable tools for individual and collective evolution Manuel Schoch. and thus supporting the needed consciousness change The World Psychedelic Forum will be hosted by the for humanity. Gaia Media Foundation, a non-profit organization The general headline for Friday, March 21, will be committed to the communication and networking of “The Psychedelic Experience: Opening the Doors of information for a holistic and up-to-date understanding Perception.” On Saturday, March 22, we will shed light of our existence, and the potential of human conscious- on “The Legacy of the Shamans: Ancient Traditions and ness, and its expanded states. Under the motto “The Spirit New Dimensions.” Sunday, March 23 we will focus on of Basel,” the foundation organizes local and international the theme of “Change of Consciousness: A Challenge events. MAPS is one of the main sponsors of the event of the 21st Century.” and a patron, along with the UK’s Beckley Foundation The World Psychedelic Forum welcomes the elite of and the Swiss Medical Association for Psycholytic the international consciousness researchers, among them Therapy (SAEPT). Rick Doblin, Amanda Feilding, Stanislav Grof, Kathleen Welcome! Together with Albert Hofmann, we very Harrison, Michael Horowitz, Dennis McKenna, Ralph much look forward to seeing many of the participants of Metzner, Jeremy Narby, Daniel Pinchbeck, Thomas B. the 2006 LSD Symposium again at the World Psychedelic Roberts, Christian Rätsch, as well as Alexander and Ann Forum 2008, and to welcoming many new visitors. • 26 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

Drug Education and an International Reflection

Recent Publications Suggest Link Between Drug Education, Intervention and the Conditions Producing School Achievement

Joel H. Brown, PhD, MSW Executive Director, Center for Educational Research + Development (CERD.org) Professor, Education, San Diego State University Note: Special thanks to Assia Mortensen, for her editorial assistance

Perhaps for the first time, it has drug education, but also education on the been found that the challenges of drug whole, such research should give reason education and intervention are more for active support of alternative and serious than earlier understood. The scientifically sound options. What follows research suggests that typical drug educa- is such an alternative: the third install- tion and intervention fails most young ment of my MAPS Bulletin series on people not simply unto itself, but likely drug education. undermines the basic conditions for ResDrugEd: The First Prospec- educational achievement. This new tive Process of Facilitating consideration of evidence is an extension Resilience in Drug Education of our research as commented on by the Three years ago, in my previous MAPS National Academy of Sciences.1 Bulletin article (Volume XIV, Number 2), New evidence suggests that as young I noted: Joel H. Brown, PhD, MSW people interpret the negative impact of RIGHT HERE, RIGHT NOW, an programs such as Drug Abuse Resistance auspicious opportunity for positive Education (DARE) and Life Skills Training change in drug education exists...We in combination with may possibly be moving from the policies, they likely generalize these effects problematic “abstinence” or “no use” from drugs to the school on the whole. approach to one that focuses on youth Young people appear to resolve drug Development… In the past, education and intervention-related Little did I know that among those we anxieties with this conclusion; adults in consult with at the Center for Educational drug education the school do not care about their well- Research and Development (CERD), there being, and are thus, generally not credible was an international audience. Heretofore and zero tolerance educational sources. The capacity of school unknown to me, there has been interest then to effectively deliver on educational overseas in youth supporting development policies have achievement, is compromised.2 in drug education that is in concert with In the past, drug education and zero this fundamental principle: Effective drug been largely tolerance policies have been largely seen education is best supported when each as separate from real education. Perhaps individual’s interests and strengths are seen as separate due to the distance between prevention specifically engaged when making drug scientists and the educational research and decisions. from real practice communities, to our knowledge, In perhaps the first large-scale, long- such linkages between prevention, term, international application of this education. intervention and the conditions of school idea, we are now readying to implement achievement have not been previously our resilience-based drug education model considered. overseas. Our approach, called The practices of modern drug educa- “ResDrugEd,” is unique because through tion are virtually identical to those of over an interactive process orientation we 100 years ago. Even in light of purportedly engage each person’s natural thirst for new and revised programs, the underlying connection, learning and development premises remain the same.3 If as a MAPS concerning drugs and related issues, not reader, you are concerned about young a rote program. people’s well-being, not only in regard to Building on my previous Bulletin m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 27

articles, the remainder of this one helps Youth Supporting Drug Educa- understand CERD’s research-based and tion Options for the German practice tested approach to drug education. Federal Government On a personal level, this article also The conference was titled, “Intoxica- describes how challenging one’s own tion as Risk and Chance: New Ways of notions of learning and development Addiction Prevention.” In addition to the mirrors a second important principle of queen of Sweden, it also featured the ResDrugEd-acknowledging adversity German equivalent of the U.S. Secretaries while focusing on strengths for learning of Education, Health and Human Services; and development. This is a simple, albeit town and district area mayors; and the not a simplistic notion. head of the co-sponsoring Mentor Founda- In fact, the tale of my trip to Germany tion, Brigitte von Boch. last summer to initiate this overseas effort The seeming impossibility of these represents the first installment of a speakers at a single conference addressing The practices personal and professional journey-one that sensitive issues would only be matched by in its translation helps convey what drug their participation given the timing and of modern education means in practice. It shows how location of a second conference. The with our new friends and collaborators, simultaneous conferencing is an example drug education Drs. Henrik Jungerberle, Rolf Verres and of the current double-edged sword of drug Fletcher Dubois from the University of education–the progressive being formed are virtually Heidelberg and National Louis University, out of the regressive. respectively, we have begun moving At the same time and in the same city, identical to forward the potential for paradigm change the German federal government spon- through youth supporting development. sored a conference essentially extolling those of over the virtues of “” and its varia- Uncertain Email to a tions. As I later learned, other American 100 years Key International Speech? exports–DARE and zero tolerance– Some months ago, in an email that I scientifically unsound and failed programs ago. anticipated most assuredly belonged on my and practices, are now making their way email junk heap-of the millions I had been into overseas markets. This second willed, prodigious sexual techniques, conference was designed to support its amazing stocks and supernatural pharma- embryonic European implementation. ceuticals-among these, appeared an email It is important to appreciate that, with the subject heading “New ways, and given the option, this impressive list of invitation...” Disregarding my own con- federal officials chose instead to attend our ventional rules, for whatever reason, I conference. In the filled-to-capacity neo- decided to read the enclosed. arts and crafts Karlsruhe opera house, In broken English, the email appeared press was everywhere, snapping off to be an invitation from the prestigious pictures, and filming the event. This Heidelberg University, Medical Psychology occurred amidst notables’ calls for sensible Department and Dr. Henrik Jungerberle. It drug education and clear differentiation was on behalf of the university, the between substances, levels of use and international Mentor Foundation, and the consideration of user contexts. United Nations Committee for Children. Pro-Youth Rhetoric with As I was told that I was being invited to be the Power to Deliver a key speaker at this international confer- To me and my close colleagues, the ence in Karlsruhe, the seat of the German youth-supporting messages from high- Supreme Court, there was an additional level officials bordered on surreal. Beyond note making it seem even more implau- the discussion–as many close research and sible-the queen of Sweden would be in practitioner colleagues in the US regularly attendance! No matter the initial appear- have such discussions–for the first time in ance of implausibility, my response was my professional experience, within the with further queries, which were more sensitive area of drug education, the than sufficiently responded to. Ultimately, youth-supporting rhetoric could be my wonderful wife Michelle and I ar- matched by those in power to deliver ranged a trip to Karlsruhe. such options. 28 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

Surreal was the fact that the high- following several speeches by dignitaries, ranking officials sanctioned the deep Queen Silvia of Sweden gracefully en- dialogue through their attendance. And tered. All stood and sat down. Radical deep it was. Before the conference, Dr. youth theater ensued. Jungerberle arranged a wonderful dinner Adolescents assumed characters in among many of the key participants, relationship to parents, friends, drug including Professor Hurlemanns, consid- educators and others. Colleagues and ered the leader in youth health research in members of the audience asked questions, Germany. It also included the leader of as the students role-played scenes around drug education in a major German prov- a drug, situation or particular user context. ince, many practitioners and nationally The students were interviewed by another recognized researchers such as Dr. Stephan young person, and they assumed the role Quensol and Dr. Stefan Freadrich. of a character in that circumstance. They As artists During dinner, the distinguished were also asked impromptu questions by guests had a lively discussion regarding audience members, to which the student are often the first the nature, scope and magnitude of responded in character. educational change in Germany and As artists are often the first and most and most accurate abroad. I often found myself impressed, accurate portrayers of societal truth, the thinking that I must be missing something young people’s presentation included portrayers of in the translation. The usual assortment of several frank depictions of drug use and people with quick-fix, snappy programs, issues in a variety of contexts. Without societal truth, supported by thin-to-no evidence, and understanding German, it was clear that most frequently proliferating in the US, the drug issues they addressed–youth/ the young people’s were stifled by solid and long term adult relationships, use vs. substance research-based perspectives–the opposite abuse vs. misuse, as well as non-use–were presentation of what I usually experience here. clearly if not graphically conveyed. It was also surreal that much of the Ranging from the often sad-due to a lack included several discussion was transparent. That is, again of caring, connected relationship(s), to my delight, usually quiet parlor conver- challenging personal situations, and lack frank depictions of sation matched public discourse: In of support when needed; to the hilarious- numerous cases, consideration of “third due to overreactions to rituals of experi- drug use and rail” issues when it comes to young people mental use, unvarnished truths emerged and drugs–legal issues, honest drug from the youth theater. issues in education, ending zero tolerance policies Equally remarkable, sitting at arm’s that remove young people from school for length from my wife, her Royal Majesty, a variety of first-time drug offenses–while not Queen Silvia of Sweden, was frequently ordinary, were game for both private and nodding her head in apparent agreement contexts. public consideration; this, without the with the depictions portrayed by the penalty of professional purgatory. young people. In fact, amidst a standing As the conversations developed, I audience ovation following the presenta- came to better understand why I was tion, her Royal Majesty approached the there. The detailed practice and research stage and personally thanked each young vision developed at CERD was not just person. basically, but intimately known among a The Queen’s powerful public actions number of the nearly twenty individuals were more than just symbolic. That night, sitting around this table at dinner. on behalf of the Mentor Foundation, she The level of our discussion was frank, attended a gala, where in one evening with a heavy emphasis on youth develop- hundreds of thousands of dollars were ment going hand in hand with high- raised to support drug education options quality evaluative science. The evening such as CERD’s. closed with a shared shot of some un- Bringing the Conference known type of strong liquor that only Down to Earth: Resilience served to support my emerging surrealist Drug Education perspective of the experience. As was our trip in Europe, my own Youth Theater with the Queen presentation was punctuated by extreme At the beginning of the conference, heat and driving rain. Introduced in m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 29

German by a leader of drug education process. Thankfully, the interest and evaluation and information dissemination, intrigue in strengths-based drug education Dr. Anneke Bühler, I was told that she was palpable. paid great honor to our work. In her Again, to my surprise, in a progressive extensive review of drug education around country particularly amidst such an the world, she found no drug education international audience, where regular option as scientifically sound and well conversation of the kind described above articulated as CERD’s resilience-based was occurring, I thought our work would drug education model. be more typical than not. This experience In the presentation titled, “Develop- was rounded out by questions such as ment and Intentional Self Integration of “how do we clearly add value to harm Strengths-Based Youth Drug Prevention reduction?” Rounding out the discussion Education,” I made two key points. First, that went on long after the presentation, that there is a distinct difference between one individual privately noted to me that Equally remarkable, preventing a problem and promoting the the prospective development of resilience kinds of youth emotional and intellectual as a life orientation addressing drug issues sitting at arm’s length development leading to successful life is now seen by many as the first paradigm- outcomes. Second, I described in detail changing model offered in many years. from my wife, CERD’s approach, as noted at the outset of As the conference drew to a close, the this article: process, not program. This esteemed Dr. Jungerberle received high her Royal Majesty, means focusing on building competence in praise and a well deserved standing the day-to-day and moment-to-moment ovation. He used this as a springboard to Queen Silvia of Sweden, opportunities and interactions or pro- attempt to develop common drug educa- cesses of interaction-those supporting tion principles and positions among was frequently resilient learning and development in participants. drug and life decisions. This included, but A Cross Cultural Experience: nodding her head was not limited to, three key components: A ResDrugEd Skills Builder 1. Expand Harm Reduction On return from Karlsruhe to Heidel- in apparent agreement Provide real help to youth by addressing berg, the Chair of Medical Psychology at non-use, misuse or problem use, and a host the University, Professor Rolf Verres, with the depictions of negative individual outcomes associated reiterated an invitation for me to be his with it, such as drinking and driving. guest at a lunch. During this time, it portrayed by 2. Create a Community Connection became clear that our learning philosophy Facilitate collaborations between agencies was congruent–that is, if the goods of a the young and communities in these efforts. highly targeted and strengths-based skills 3. Reorient Toward a Process Focus building process could be delivered on, it people. With Youth and Professionals would be a worthy international en- Model and facilitate developmentally- deavor. Based on this interest and at appropriate education emphasizing Professors Verres’ and Jungerberle’s decision-making capabilities, awareness, request as an honorary scholar, a second and responsibility. presentation was requested, prepared and Specific consultations and skills from offered to a university group of colleagues this drug education and youth supporting –this one being very different from the process that CERD has already provided to conference presentation. individuals from more than 60 organiza- The work focus was primarily experi- tions were described throughout the ential, a key element in ResDrugEd. Here, presentation. The details can be found in the educational process is not merely my previous MAPS article(s), the CERD transmitted. Those working with young website (CERD.org), or by contacting people first experience resilience for CERD. themselves, then reinterpret, adapt to local The packed room was filled with well- needs, and model for young people to informed, critical thinkers. For the first apply as a skill set for making their own time, many of them were being introduced drug decisions. We call it facilitating by to the crucial role resilience can play in modeling. moving drug education from a mere Specifically, rather than primarily program to a lifelong human development talking about resilience, we engaged in a 30 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

skills building exercise critical for drug into the training protocols. This adds a education, learning how to focus not only dimension to our earlier research actually on drug information, but building a depicting the voices of youth as important strengths-based community to safely to evaluating drug education. identify and apply personal assets for Due not only to its intellectual making drug decisions. components, but also to the interest, The exercise went well. You may emotional compatibility, and sheer wonder, how did I come to understand magnitude of support and opportunity for this in a context where only limited verbal placing youth and resilience on center understanding between myself and the stage in drug education, this experience participants was possible? It was here that was impressive. a significant component of ResDrugEd This experience was life-changing came into focus. Given the language because it became clear that Germans and barrier, such development of strengths- the international community are ready to based decision-making skills was demon- confront what has been the rhetorical strated both through verbal and nonverbal province of America–drug education stated cues to which we are trained to pay as being in service of youth, where in attention. While the participants were reality, their educational future is compro- talking among themselves, I was able to mised through zero tolerance and psycho- interpret the skills building exercise as logically damaging programs. This is successful. This, because without under- particularly evident when strengths-based standing all of what the participants were options such as CERD’s are available to put saying, as the exercised progressed, within the meat on the bones of this rhetoric, as about twenty minutes, of dialogue, they many in Germany as well as others in the continually moved closer together. The international community well understand. department chair confirmed that the Michelle and I will look forward to exercise demonstrated the embryonic returning to continue this groundbreaking emergence of building blocks found of a and life-changing experience of support- supportive drug decision-making commu- ing the transition of drug education into a nity–in the space of about an hour. new resilience-based paradigm. Next Steps: The First And so it goes. We come full circle, Cross-Cultural ResDrugEd RIGHT HERE, RIGHT NOW, an auspi- Implementation cious opportunity for positive change in The result of this extensive interac- drug education exists…We may possibly tion represents an exciting first. Coming be moving from the problematic “absti- from a day of detailed planning, largely nence” or “no use” approach to one that facilitated by the noted experiential expert focuses on youth development… On this Dr. Fletcher Dubois of Heidelberg and decade anniversary of CERD, hopefully, National Louis Universities, in collabora- MAPS readers will make the rhetoric of tion with Dr. Jungerberle, Mentor Founda- youth we espouse a reality by actively tion is now committed to planning an supporting the call to make the international evaluation and implementa- ResDrugEd vehicle clearly seen as viable tion of CERD’s ResDrugEd. internationally, and as a reasoned re- As of this writing, such ground- sponse worthy of active youth-supporting breaking work will include leading advocacy for implementation and scien- researchers and practitioners. With tific examination in our own backyards. • Jerome Braun as the lead Mentor founda- 1. Manski, C.F., J.V. Pepper, and C.V. Petrie, eds. 2001. Informing America’s policy on illegal drugs: what we don’t know keeps tion representative, we will collaborate to hurting us. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. translate CERD’s extensive materials and 2. For details, I refer MAPS readers to two related articles, with a training protocols for administrators, third critical one under peer review. educators and youth-serving professionals Brown, J. H., and D. Brown. November, 2005. Why “at-risk” is at into culturally and developmentally risk. American School Board Journal (ASBJ) 192 (11):44-46. Brown, J.H.. 2006. Interviewer as instrument: Accounting for appropriate materials. With Dr. human factors in evaluation research.. Evaluation Review 30 Jungerberle leading the effort on the (2):188-208. German side, we also hope to film and 3 - Beck, J.E. 1998. 100 years of “Just Say No” versus “Just Say Know”: Reevaluating drug education for the coming century. incorporate the voices of young people Evaluation Review 22 (1):15-45. m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 31

The Kranzke Psychedelic/Entheogenic Research Scholarship at the California Institute of Integral Studies

John Harrison, PsyD (cand.)

At long last we are beginning to emerge from the dreary, dark ages of academic censorship, intellectual suppression and the politically- motivated repression of psychedelic research and exploration. This evolving renaissance has spawned a wave of ground-breaking investi- gations in a panoply of psychological, medical, and spiritual disci- plines. Organizations such as the Heffter Research Institute, the Beckeley Foundation, Cures not Wars, and MAPS have helped open doors that have been locked and shuttered for too many years. John Harrison, PsyD (cand.) Principal Investigator for MAPS’ In an interview with Albert Hofmann, PhD, Charles Grob, MD, observational case series study of asked the discoverer of LSD, “Do you believe it is possible to re-estab- ibogaine-assisted therapy in the lish psychedelic research as a respectable field?” Dr. Hofmann replied, treatment of opiate addiction at the “I think there are many good signs. After years of silence there have Ibogaine Association in Mexico. recently been some investigations in Switzerland, Germany, and the United States. I have enjoyed meeting with Rick Doblin and Professor David Nichols and I think both of their organizations are doing fine work. Their approach appears to be quite different than that of some of their predecessors from several decades ago.”

In this new climate of relative was still a toddler and his mother married openness and informed inquiry, a wide again to Joe Barnhart who then adopted range of expansive studies are springing young Robert. Robert speaks with an forward, brimming with paradigm- obvious affection for his parents. He challenging questions and useful applica- describes his mother Wilhelmina as from a tions for these time-honored healing tools. “well- to- do background, who was Yet, those of us emboldened to look deeply incredibly sweet and caring” and his father into these questions continue to face the Robert Kranzke as “a wild German-Irish challenge of obtaining available funding Catholic boy from the wrong side of the and securing governmental approval. The tracks.” As a teenager, Barnhart ingested genie is out of the bottle again. How will some legendary ‘window pane’ LSD which we choose do dance with the cosmic precipitated a “classic psychedelic and serpent this time? spiritual experience” that changed his life. Enter Robert J. Barnhart, the indefati- Instantly, he recognized a profound “sense gable philanthropist behind the Robert of connection and that the fundamental Joseph and Wilhelmina Ann Kranzke reality is...one of love.” Robert began to Psychedelic/Entheogenic Research recognize that these substances/medi- Scholarship. Robert chose to honor his cines/tools are “a channel and a doorway, birth-parents with this inspirational and can be catalysts toward a state of award. Robert’s parents divorced when he grace.” 32 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

A friend told him about the California Institute of psychedelics, but what makes CIIS distinct is that we Integral Studies (CIIS), and after extensive correspon- often look at subjects that other institutions (for whatever dence with Rick Doblin, who confirmed CIIS’ connections reason) may not look at as openly, but with the same with the venerable psychedelic researchers Stan Grof and degree of academic rigor as other centers of higher Ralph Metzner, Robert decided to endow this remarkable learning. This is why I am especially grateful to Robert scholarship at CIIS. Barnhart’s intention was (and is) for Barnhart because he has made it possible for students and the Kranzke award to provide an opportunity, and to lend faculty to conduct research of such a high quality.” Joe encouragement to psychedelic scholars “who are engaged adds that,, “What I love about being at this institution as in solid, rigorous research and also committed to undoing President (or in any capacity) is to be in a community that the stifling repression of the last few decades ... with the is so open and so consistently strong in sustaining and intention to bring, in as broad and endorsing multiple and alternate ways of knowing.” What unrestricted way as possible, this field is salient from my discussion with Joe of study out into the open.” Subbiondo is that psychedelic/entheo- It seems natural that Robert genic research has evolved now to the Barnhart would find a receptive home point that it is not only accepted and for this scholarship at CIIS, which has a encouraged, but is actually becoming long and storied association with part of the mainstream of academia. original thinkers, philosophers, innova- Historically, The outstanding faculty who have tors and pioneers in the fields of stepped forward as active and ardent psychology, philosophy, spiritual academia has members of the Kranzke Scholarship disciplines, and consciousness research. Selection Committee also exemplify Great illustrious lights such as Alan not always CIIS’ commitment to openness. Com- Watts, Huston Smith, Richard Tarnas, mittee Chair Frank Echenhofer, PhD, a Ralph Metzner, Terence McKenna, and been a receptive professor in the APA-accredited Stanislav Grof have been key actors in Clinical Psychology program (and a the CIIS narrative. This past August, I environment for noted psychedelic researcher), has been had the pleasure of a conversation with a mentor for several Kranzke Scholars. CIIS President Joseph Subbiondo in his psychedelic He says that the Kranzke “is an inspira- comfortable office on the campus in San tion and validation for students who Francisco. In response to my questions research. have previously been marginalized and regarding CIIS’ mind-set and setting (if unsupported.” Dr. Echenhofer, a you will) for the Kranzke scholarship, committee member for six years, has President Subbiondo enthusiastically witnessed the tangible benefits this replied that, “Research and inquiry into important award has provided for CIIS psychedelics is now (again) of interest students. “CIIS in general and the to scholars in higher education; it is not Kranzke in particular instills a camara- something that has to be conducted in derie in spirit with revered, highly secret or underground. Stan Grof will respected genuine elders in psyche- tell you ‘the sensationalism is over’ and we are brought delic/entheogenic exploration such as Grof and back to ‘can this help?’ which is a good question. We in Metzner...and this has a powerful and positive effect on higher education are asking better questions!” students.” Historically, academia has not always been a recep- Sean Kelly, PhD, is a Kranzke Scholarship Committee tive environment for psychedelic research. The subjective member, as well as Professor and Program Director of the and unpredictable nature of this work has not commonly Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness program at been a comfortable fit for the hide-bound traditional ivy- CIIS. Dr. Kelly is interested in the evolution of conscious- covered walls, or the ivory tower of the entrenched ness, and he believes that “ can be a bridge educational establishment. from modern western civilizations’ current phase of From my personal experiences as a graduate student disenchantment with natural systems, to the traditional in CIIS’ Clinical Psychology program, and through the world-views that see the world as sacred, with human positive encouragement I have received for my disserta- beings as full participants in the sacred dance of the tion research examining the efficacy of ibogaine as a cosmos.” Dr. Kelly adds that research projects such as treatment for opiate addiction, I can attest that CIIS those the Kranzke supports “can lead people to strategies provides an environment where there is innately less to face and move through this critical period in human resistance to this area of research than in most universi- history, the exploration of these non-ordinary states ties. President Subbiondo agrees, stating that this free flow might give us access to insights and resources that might of ideas is “not just pertaining to the subject of not readily be available.” m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 33

Janis Phelps, PhD, Professor of Clinical Psychology in Psychiatry, Psychology and Psychotherapy: Observa- and the newest member of the Kranzke Scholarship tions from Modern Consciousness Research.” In the Committee, explained that, “In the current era of fear and chapter, “Psychedelic Research: Past, Present, and Future,” hesitation regarding exploration of altered states of Grof reminds us that, “In one of my early books, I sug- consciousness, there are valiant pockets of scholarly gested that the potential significance of LSD and other research being conducted through institutions such as psychedelics for psychiatry and psychology was compa- MAPS, Heffter, and CIIS. The US is fortunate to have a rable to the value the microscope has for biology and visionary citizen the likes of Robert Barnhart, who has medicine or the telescope has for astronomy. My later supported research on psychedelics, healing and the experience with psychedelics only confirmed this initial transformation of consciousness through the Kranzke impression. These substances function as unspecific scholarships. The Kranzke research at amplifiers that increase the cathexis (energetic charge) CIIS is being conducted by dedicated associated with the deep unconscious doctoral students whose published contents of the psyche and make them dissertations disseminate entheogen If these entheogenic available for conscious processing. This research data to internet sites which are unique property of psychedelics makes easily accessible to scholars and the tools are, indeed, it possible to study psychological general public alike. By dispelling undercurrents that govern our experi- anxieties and misunderstandings about the ‘keys to the ences and behaviors to a depth that the therapeutic use of these psychoac- cannot be matched by any other tive substances, research programs such kingdom,’ method and tool available in modern as the Kranzke have shed light on mainstream psychiatry and psychol- entheogens as sacraments of emotional perhaps these ogy… This new knowledge could and spiritual transformation.” become an integral part of a compre- CIIS Professor Emeritus CIIS Ralph dedicated researchers hensive new scientific paradigm of the Metzner, PhD, is a former member of twenty-first century.” Grof adds that the Kranzke committee. He says that, are actually modern what is most encouraging is that “The Kranzke sccholarships at CIIS ... “researchers of the younger generation are to my knowledge unique in higher psychonaut-locksmiths in the United States, Switzerland, and education, in their explicit focus on other countries have in recent years furthering research with conscious- opening the vaults been able to obtain official permission ness-expanding plants and substances. to start programs of psychedelic Since the practices involved are often of to previously hidden therapy, involving LSD, psilocybin, questionable legal status, CIIS students dimethyltryptamine (DMT), are obviously unable to administer such treasures. methylenedioxy-methamphetomine substances. However, nothing prevents (MMDA), ibogaine, and ketamine. I graduate students from studying the hope that this is the beginning of a use of psychedelic or entheogenic renaissance of interest in psychedelic plants by various people, as well as research that will eventually return other catalysts for heightened states of awareness, as long these extraordinary tools into the hands of responsible as the usual legal and ethical guidelines for research with therapists.” human subjects are observed.” To facilitate the continuation of this renaissance, The raison d’etre of the Kranzke award is, of course, Robert Barnhart has taken steps to ensure that the the research itself. We have selected six abstracts and Kranzke Psychedelic/Entheogenic Research Scholarship summaries from a few of the Kranzke scholars that express will be endowed and continue in perpetuity at CIIS. I am only a wee bit of the infinite potential and the universal confident that I speak for all entheogenic researchers, curiosity about what Hegel, or more recently the late, audacious psychonauts, past and future winners of the great Terence McKenna might call, ‘the Other.’ If these Kranzke Scholarship, and the entire MAPS community in entheogenic tools are, indeed, the ‘keys to the kingdom,’ expressing our deep gratitude to Robert J. Barnhart for his perhaps these dedicated researchers are actually modern heartfelt generosity, and his oracular vision! Robert… psychonaut-locksmiths opening the vaults to previously Thank You! hidden treasures. Perhaps reading about these explora- So, dear reader, take a few minutes and read these tions will inspire the next wave of researchers to grow research summaries. I think you will be impressed with into a tsunami of entheogenic psychedelic seekers and the diversity of interests, the skillful and professional scientists! scientific method, and the researchers’ obvious devotion Stanislav Grof, MD, discusses the importance of this to, and concern for, their invaluable subjects. Enjoy! work in his latest collection of papers, “New Perspectives 34 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

Guided and Structured Use of Entheogenic My research reiterated and developed Substances in Western Culture. some familiar points such as the impor- tance of preparation, integration, and the For my doctoral dissertation in complex dynamics of the relationships the clinical psychology program at CIIS between participants and guides, etc., as I looked at therapeutic psycho-spiritual well as some less familiar themes that issues in guided, group settings (what point toward future research questions, Metzner has called “hybrid shamanic such as: what is the psycho-spiritual and psychotherapeutic rituals”) utilizing therapeutic difference in the impact of one psychedelic substances. These groups are medicine from another, the relationship of hybrid in that they incorporate some ecstatic or transpersonal experiences to shamanic or indigenous techniques with the psychological. Another important Roger Marsden, PhD a western psychological orientation. focus was the relationship of the psyche- Clinical Psychology (2002) My interest in these groups began delic experience to work with addictions. with my work with Pablo, the guide in one With the support and encouragement of the groups analyzed in my dissertation. of a school like the California Institute of Pablo’s work was an adaptation of the Integral Studies in combination with the earlier work of Mexican psychiatrist financial support of Robert Barnhart’s Salvadore Roquette. (Roquette had a generous gift of the Kranzke endowment, psychiatric background and incorporated the psychedelic experience has, since the indigenous teachings of Mazotec 1998, been regularly researched at the Indian healer Maria Sabina.) I was always graduate level. Thanks to CIIS and Mr. interested in the development of the Barnhart’s creative and generous idea, varying approaches of different groups as there is now a significant and growing well as the implications for results. body of psychedelic research residing in My interest was further piqued by the one place. • fact that because these groups are under- (Roger has a chapter, co-written with ground, research had been minimal to David Lukoff, in the new two volume set, non-existent since the 1960s. There has Psychedelic Medicine, edited by Winkleman been sizable literature on the psychedelic and Roberts.) experience, but other than the cut-short research in the 1960s, most of it has been personal, theoretical and anecdotal.

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Effects of Calea Sacatechichi on the Human I began with an interest in research- Electroencephalogram: A Single Subject ing visual imagery and lucid dreaming. I Design EEG Gamma Coherence and Other came to understand how difficult it was to Correlates of Subjective Reports During lucid dream on command in a laboratory Ayahuasca Experiences setting. At the time, I did not have the available connections with expert dream- I was supported by the Kranzke ers who could be flown in for such an research scholarship twice; once for a undertaking. I decided to get some help in project studying the effects of calea the task of inducing lucidity by using zacatechichi, and the second for my shamanic dream-inducing (oneirogenic) David Stuckey, PsyD dissertation research with ayahuasca. herbs. Calea zacatechichi was chosen. It Clinical Psychology The scholarships were very important in was at that time that we came to under- allowing me to move forward with the stand that the Kranzke scholarship was research I was doing with Dr. Frank available to support such work, since our Echenhofer at CIIS. Brainwave (EEG) interest included the assistance of an research requires a lot of lab equipment entheogen. and supplies that would have been As it turned out, the calea research did prohibitive without this type of not prove fruitful and it was therefore financial support. decided to move into researching a much m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 35

stronger imagery experience that could be support, we were able to take the project induced using psychedelic substances. I to the Amazon jungle for proper field was also becoming fascinated with the research. I was very grateful for the subjective reports of people using ayahua- generous support and continue to be sca and intrigued by the comparison of the grateful that the Kranzke scholarship is ayahuasca journey with lucid dreaming. available for current students. The Kranzke scholarship then supported I am now in private practice as a my research with ayahuasca, which clinical psychologist in Southern Califor- became my dissertation work and was nia. I use what I have learned through my later published in an abbreviated form in use and research with psychedelics and the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. The lucid dreaming to inform my work with abstract from the journal article and the my clients. I also continue to do EEG calea research are posted on the MAPS research with entheogens. For example, I Website: maps.org/stuckeyabstracts just recently led a panel at the annual The scholarship also sparked further conference of the International Society for good fortune, in that by receiving it, the Neurofeedback and Research. We pre- CIIS administration became aware of the sented our pilot research on EEG findings project and made a further financial and subjective reports of contribution. MAPS contributed financial experiences. • support as well. With this combined

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Touched By Spirit: A Heuristic Study of them. The peyote ceremonies instilled in Healing Experiences in Peyote Ceremonies them a sense of sacredness and reverence for life. They also reported increased This dissertation is a qualitative, mental clarity and a sense of heightened psychological investigation exploring the awareness. On the emotional level they experience of healing in peyote ceremo- reported the release of repressed feelings, nies using Moustakas’ (1990) heuristic a new level of self-acceptance and height- research methodology. The unique ened self-esteem. They stressed the contribution of this research project is the importance of the experience of solidarity use of a psychological approach to the and fellowship, of love, unity and belong- study of peyote ceremonies that honors ing in the circle. Participants in peyote people’s subjective experience. This study ceremonies also reported sudden cures of draws on interview data collected from diseases and physical ailments, as well as Christian Dombrowe, PhD nine participants of peyote ceremonies. being able to overcome drug and alcohol The co-researchers were five men and four addiction. They also reported an increased women in the age range between their late awareness of their connection to the twenties and early sixties. Five of the co- natural world and an increased environ- researchers were Euro-Americans, three mental concern as a result of their partici- Native Americans and one mixed Euro- pation in peyote ceremonies. Native American. By providing accurate accounts of The data analysis resulted in the healing experiences and in-depth portray- identification of seven core themes of the als of individual cases this study aspires to experience of healing in peyote ceremo- contribute to a better understanding of the nies. These were: spiritual connection; therapeutic potential of peyote ceremonies enhanced self-esteem; emotional release, and the religious use of entheogens in sense of community; physical recovery and general. It is the primary researcher’s hope support; insight and heightened aware- to thereby stimulate a renewed dialogue ness; and enhanced environmental on the constructive use of entheogens in sensitivity. Participants in peyote ceremo- contemporary society. • nies reported becoming aware of a deeper spiritual reality within as well as around 36 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

The Healing Power of the Icaros: musical analysis of the icaros identified by A Phenomenological Study participants is included in the study as complimentary data. Additional data The focus of this study is to explore collected during the fieldwork include 120 the phenomenon of the healing with an hours of recordings of icaros sung by icaro during an ayahuasca ceremony in the different ayahuasqueros, and in-depth tradition of Peruvian mestizo vegetalismo, interviews of six of them on their perspec- as well as to identify key aspects of the tives of how the icaros heal. musical perception to which healing The study is expected to be completed meanings are attributed. by December 2007. While I originally Participants in this study are five men planned for six months of field work, it and women with extensive experience ended up being ten months of intensive with brew in this context, each of whom research, personal challenge, and a first- Susana Bustos PhD (cand.) was able to identify the icaro in the hand understanding of this tradition-both East-West Psychology recording of the ceremony where the its social context and cosmology. The phenomenon emerged. The data collection financial support of the Kranzke grant was procedures include a written report of the invaluable in allowing the completion of experience, and two in-depth interviews. that stage, as well as opening compelling The analysis employs the method of research possibilities beyond this study. • Descriptive Phenomenology for Psychol- Susana Bustos is a clinical psychologist ogy, as developed by Giorgi (1985; 1987; and music therapist from Chile. Her work on 1997; 1998; 2000). drug abuse and on the therapeutic aspects of Ten months of fieldwork in the areas expanded states of consciousness dovetailed of Tarapoto and Pucallpa were required to with her passion for music and song during her collect the data. Thirty-seven ceremonies first journey to the Peruvian Amazon in 1989, were sound-recorded, with a total of 239 where she experienced an icaro sung by Rose attendees. The emergence of the phenom- Giove, one of the founders of Takiwasi. enon was charted within the demographic parameters of sex and age. A formal

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The Ayahuasquero and Personality: A Study ayahuasca drinkers outside of these religious and cultural settings could be The Kranzke scholarship was created. instrumental in helping complete my Thirty-four frequent North American study of the personality traits and charac- drinkers of ayahuasca were administered teristics of frequent ayahuasca drinkers in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality North America. This research used the Inventory (MMPI-2). The MMPI person- most accepted and validated of the ality description for the group was within personality assessments, the MMPI and normal limits of personality. The re- MMPI-2. This research built on previous sponses of the ayahuasca drinkers were findings on personality done with smaller, not found to have a high correlation with less-known measures of personality the scores of drug and alcohol abusers. All conducted with frequent drinkers of scores, with the exception of low aggres- Kirby Surprise, PsyD ayahuasca done in South America within sion, were within normal ranges of Clinical Psychology the Uni De Vegetal (UDV), the first and personality. No overall difference between largest of the religions that have formed the high and low use groups was found. their own communities centered on the The study found personality traits of use of ayahuasca. By studying a North North American ayahuasca drinkers to be American population that was not living within normal limits of personality. The within or closely tied to participation in a study strongly suggests that frequent religious community, it was hoped that a drinking of ayahuasca in the North clearer view of the personalities of American population has produced no m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 37

effects on their personalities of clinical sent for computerized scoring and ex- concern. tended analysis by the developer of the I started this project in an attempt to MMPI-2, saving many hundreds of hours give something back to a field that I had of labor, and producing clean, error-free found to be instrumental to the healing of data. The money paid for the statistical many people. I felt that to be able to add software used to analyze the data, create one small piece of solid research informa- graphical displays, and make it under- tion to what was known about ayahuasca standable and presentable. When our would be a way of giving something back main computer was hit by a virus that to the community that could be built on by made it unusable, we were able to replace others in the continuing effort to evaluate it, restore the data and move forward. The the effects and healing potential of scholarship paid for paper, printer car- ayahuasca. At the time the Kranzke tridges, stamps, an editor and filing fees scholarship award notice arrived, my for the completed dissertation. dissertation chair and I had discovered The Kranzke scholarship allowed this that instead of working with just 10 main research project to move forward through scales of the MMPI-2, we were probably delays and setbacks that, although normal going to have to expand the study to 123 to the research process, often mean many scales. At the time I was hand-scoring the projects are not completed or fully devel- tests, and had spent weeks on these 10 oped. The scholarship helped give me the scales, and now I was faced with hand- ability to contribute something back to the scoring and calculating over thirty-five community, and it is my hope that this thousand data points. The scholarship spirit of gratitude and generosity may allowed all participants’ responses to be continue. •

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Psychological Variables Predicting potentially vast implications for the Transformative and Difficult Unresolved acceptance and proliferation of research Ayahuasca Experiences: A Pilot Study with these substances. I am truly honored to be a 2007 This pilot study aims to explore a recipient of the Krankze Scholarship. At possible connection between distinct the awards banquet I was afforded an psychological variables and subjective opportunity to speak briefly about the reports or themes experienced during scholarship and what it means to young shamanic ayahuasca journeys. While researchers and the field of psychedelic Westerners report ayahuasca elicits studies. This money represents commit- integrative experiences for journeyers, ment that grassroots supporters like some re-traumatization occurs in a Robert Barnhart have to the cause of minority of cases. This investigation psychedelic research. Though organiza- attempts to identify a psychometrically tions like MAPS have made important sound and reliable method for predicting contributions in the public arena, it is John Burton PsyD (cand.) the quality of the experiences people may really the people behind the scenes, with Clinical Psychology have on ayahuasca and possibly other their courage and tenacity, who despite kinds of hallucinogenic drugs used in overwhelming odds continue to champion healing or experimental settings. The the use of entheogens as important natural extension of this work is in the methods of healing. area of harm reduction. Investigation into In person, Robert Barnhart is a kind the mysteries of psychedelic/entheogenic and thoughtful man whose easy-going plants and substances has enjoyed a nature belies the impact he has had on my tenuous resurgence in recent years. research and that of other Kranzke Developing a clinically valid and reliable winners past and present. He allows the method for predicting a participant’s sum of our efforts to be greater than the reaction to a psychedelic substance has individual parts. • 38 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

MAPS Member Profile: So, you sit quietly, play the game, and fake being sorry for what you did, but after John Moltzen a while it really starts to drag on your conscience. You start to question whether After almost a decade supporting or not things you *thought* you’d learned MAPS, and watching the remarkable or experienced on psychedelics actually progress being made because MAPS’ work is happened. Where was this universal actually starting to have a noticeable consciousness, now that The Man had got influence on mainstream society and our to me? governmental agencies, I have never been The MAPS Bulletin provided me a firm anchor that everything was indeed how I more proud to be a member. I also want to Getting your Bulletin make note that my relationship with you thought it was with life and the true nature of things. Furthermore, considering the guys started with your support of me, and while incarcerated was not vice-versa. crash course I was still undergoing at the time on how backward our society’s laws My first year of Bulletins were sent to me the most rewarding sans donation, starting in 1997, as I was a really are, and the mindsets of the people charged with administering “punishment “psychedelic prisoner.” The request to have feeling imaginable. the Bulletins sent to me was made by my for my crimes,” it isn’t a stretch at all to say friend Eric Ondler, who had worked on that MAPS restored much of my faith in MAPS’ first Website around that time. humanity in general. Getting your Bulletin while incarcerated was In a nutshell, what I’m saying is that the free Bulletin the most rewarding feeling imaginable. mailings that you provide to psychedelic prisoners are I’d felt I was doing an imporant service for my city’s truly one of the least visible, likely often underappre- population before I was incarcerated, and having that ciated, yet most important and rewarding services MAPS recognition by MAPS – that I wasn’t alone and that undertakes. I encourage you to continue it with the somebody out there had sympathy for my situation – was knowledge that you are doing more for these people than priceless. I wasn’t upset about my being locked up so much you know, and rest well knowing that though your as I was upset about *why* I was locked up. That somebody weapon is merely ink and paper, your impact on individu- else saw this was most vindicating. als who are the recipient of your gift is truly enormous. In the court system, you can’t explain to the judges, It’s really an honor to serve and support MAPS’ work now, prosecutors, cops, or anybody for that matter, “It’s OK, you after what MAPS did for me 10 years ago. • can let me slide this time, I was doing mankind a *service* If you or someone you know is a Drug War POW who would like to you see! You guys have it all wrong about *what was on receive a complimentary subscription to the Bulletin, please contact: that paper*! Let me explain…” [email protected]

Letter from the Editor: New Challenges Ahead

After four years working for MAPS, and two years While I am thrilled at this new opportunity, I must as editor of the MAPS Bulletin, I’ll be moving on to a new admit it is difficult to tear myself away from MAPS at such challenge in January, 2008, when I’ll be joining the ACLU a transformative and promising period in the organi- Drug Law Reform Project as a Policy Researcher. As a zation’s development. In addition to having a solid core division of the national ACLU, the Project’s goal is to end strategy, MAPS fills an important void in the current punitive drug policies that cause the widespread violation public discourse about drugs and how they are addressed of constitutional and human rights, as well as unprec- by society and public policy. It has been an honor to work edented levels of incarceration. My responsibilities there so closely with the many committed, inventive, and will include staying abreast of relevant policy develop- courageous members of MAPS’ extended community. ments, drafting specific policy reform proposals that can be utilized in public education efforts, and playing a role Thanks for everything! in constructing the content needed to effectively commu- Jag Davies nicate a compelling and convincing vision for workable alternatives to the failed “.” m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7 39

Rick Doblin, MAPS founder and President, earned his Ph.D. in Public Policy from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. MAPS: Who We Are Doblin was also in Stan and Christina Grof’s first training group to receive certification as a Holotropic Breath- MAPS IS A MEMBERSHIP-BASED ORGANIZATION work practitioner. working to assist researchers worldwide to design, fund, Rick conduct, obtain governmental approval for, and report on Valerie Mojeiko, Director of psychedelic research in humans. Founded in 1986, MAPS Valerie Operations and Clinical Research Associate, coordinates projects at is an IRS approved 501 (c)(3) non-profit corporation funded MAPS’ Love Creek office and facilitates by tax-deductible donations from members. psychedelic research around the globe. She is currently a student at the California Institute of Integral Studies. “Most of the things worth doing in the world

Ilsa Jerome, Research and had been declared impossible Information Specialist before they were done.” Ilsa earned a PhD in psychology from the University of Maryland. She helps – Louis D. Brandeis MAPS and researchers design studies, gathers information on study drugs by keeping abreast of the current literature If you can even faintly imagine a cultural reintegra- and discussion with other researchers, tion of the use of psychedelics and the states of mind they creates and maintains documents engender, please join MAPS in supporting the expansion related to some MAPS-supported of scientific knowledge in this area. Progress is possible studies, and helps support the MAPS Ilsa psychedelic literature bibliography. with the support of those who care enough to take individual and collective action. Josh Sonstroem, Technology Specialist and Events Coordinator, THE MAPS BULLETIN earned his B.A. in Philosophy and Each Bulletin reports on MAPS research in progress. Religion from New College of Florida and is a chef, musician, In addition to reporting on research both in the United poet, technologist, and masseuse. States and abroad, the Bulletin may include feature He immensely enjoys the depths articles, reports on conferences, book reviews, Heffter Josh of existential experience. Research Institute updates, and the Hofmann Report. Jag Davies, Director of Issues raised in letters, calls, and e-mail from MAPS Communications, has been working members may also be addressed, as may political develop- at MAPS since 2003, where he ments that affect psychedelic research and use. coordinates outreach projects, research advocacy, and educational materials, including the MAPS Bulletin, monthly email news, and website content. Jag Troy Dayton has worked in the movement for over 12 years. He is committed to ©2007 Multidisciplinary Association removing coercion from society for Psychedelic Studies, Inc. (MAPS) and views the Drug War as the most 10424 Love Creek Road, insidious example of government Ben Lomond, CA 95005 force. Troy’s mission is to help Phone: 831-336-4325 people who agree with drug policy Fax: 831-336-3665 reform find their individual capacity E-mail: [email protected] Troy Web: www.maps.org to make a difference. 40 m a p s • v o l u m e x v i i n u m b e r 3 • w i n t e r 2 o o 7

MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association YES, I would like to join MAPS and receive the MAPS Bulletin! for Psychedelic Studies, Inc.) 10424 Love Creek Road ❏ Student/Low-income $20 – $34* Ben Lomond, CA 95005 Phone: 831-336-4325 Student/Low Income members will receive the tri-annual MAPS Bulletin. Fax: 831-336-3665 ❏ Basic Member $35 – $49* E-mail: [email protected] JOIN VIA THE WEB! Basic members will receive the MAPS Bulletin. www.maps.org (secure web site transactions) ❏ Integral Member $50 – $99* Integral members will receive the MAPS Bulletin and their choice of one of the books MAPS has published. ❏ Supporting Member $100 – $249* Supporting members will receive the MAPS Bulletin plus their choice of one of the books MAPS has published. ❏ Patron Member $250 or more* Patron members will receive the MAPS Bulletin plus their choice of two books MAPS has published. Patrons may also request copies of back issues and research updates on matters of personal interest.

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SIGNATURE PHONE NUMBER ALSO AVAILABLE FROM MAPS The Ultimate Journey:Consciousness and the Mystery of Death by Stanislav Gof, MD, 356 pgs, $19.95 LSD: My Problem Child by Albert Hofmann, PhD, 232 pgs, $12.95 The Secret Chief Revealed: Conversations with a Pioneer of the Underground Psychedelic Therapy Movement by Myron Stolaroff, 176 pgs, $12.95 Ketamine: Dreams and Realities by Karl Jansen, MD, PhD, 355 pgs, $14.95 Drawing It Out: Befriending the Unconscious (A Contemporary Woman’s Psychedelic Journey) by Sherana Harriette Frances, 128 pgs, $19.95 Ecstasy: The 2Complete Guide Edited by Julie Holland, MD, 281 pgs, $19.95 Shivitti: A Vision by Ka-Tzetnik 135633, 144 pgs, $15.95 Ibogaine: Rite of Passage DVD $20 Higher Wisdom edited by Roger Walsh and Charles Grob, 267 pgs, $24.95 TRIPPING An Anthology of True-Life Psychedelic Adventures, Edited by Charles Hayes, 486 pgs, $22.00 Marihuana, The Forbidden Medicine (Signed by the author!) by Lester Grinspoon, MD, and James B. Bakalar, JD, 296 pages, $19.95 NEW– Psychedelic Medicine: New Evidence for Hallucinogenic Substances as Treatments: Vol. 1&2. Michael Winkelman and Thomas B. Roberts, 680 pages, $200.00 SHIPPING FOR BOOKS: U.S. and Canada – Priority mail (3–7 days): $6.00, add $2.50 per additional book. Overseas airmail rates (7–10 days): $12.00, add $10.00 per additional book. Less than Forty Remain… Signed, Limited-Edition Copies of LSD: My Problem Child MAPS is offering a limited, hardcover edition of Albert Hofmann’s LSD: My Problem Child, signed by Hofmann and Stanislav Grof. All profits from the sale of this edition will be restricted to MAPS- sponsored LSD and psilocybin research. For an update on two of MAPS’ key LSD and psilocybin studies, see Valerie Mojeiko's article on page 12. Please visit MAPS.org/catalog for purchase information.

1 - 20: $250 (all sold) 21 - 40: $300 (all sold) 41 - 60: $350 (all sold) 61 - 80: $400 81 - 100: $500

“Focus” by Michael Brown Acrylic/Canvas, 24x32" MAPS is pleased to present this piece of original artwork for sale to benefit MAPS-sponsored psychedelic research. Artist Michael Brown contributed this image for the cover of the Autumn 2007 MAPS Bulletin. It is now available for $6000 at MAPS.org/catalog, with half of the proceeds going directly to MAPS. Diving into the realms of the subconscious mind, visionary artist Michael Brown uses his painting practice as a means of self-discovery. When fearlessly tapped, our thoughts, feelings, patterns, and habits flowing incessantly underneath the surface offer powerful inspiration, and Michael translates what he finds into stunning universal imagery. More of Michael’s paintings can be seen on his website: tenthousandvisions.com. “This painting was a process of focusing my energy to the fine point, from the broad mind, into the diamond point. The mind is like a piano, or any instrument for that matter, and to play beautiful music all of the strings must be tuned properly before moving forward. Anyone can careen through the mountains of the mind carelessly, but to actually see what is going on, to stop long enough to comprehend the vision, takes focus. This painting is the mental fires, roaring and searing, and I am coming through head first. It is the stripping and burning away of the layers of myself to see what is going on in there, in order to notice the patterns and read the writing on my own walls." –Michael Brown, on “Focus” MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASSOCIATION FOR PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASSOCIATION FOR PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES

Prague, Czechoslovakia, October 5, 2oo7: The VIZE97 Foundation, created by playwright and former Czech president Vaclav Havel, presented a Lifetime Achievement Award to Dr. Stanislav Grof, one of the world’s leading psychedelic researchers. Dr. Grof, who was born near Prague in 1931, pioneered LSD-assisted psychotherapy in Czechoslovakia until he emigrated to the United States in 1967. See page 14 for the story. Congratulations, Stan!

VOLUME XVII NUMBER 3 • WINTER 2007