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Final Report on the Situation in Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary Integrated Innovative Systems for Roma Education and Labour Inclusion Report on the state of play in the addressed field Report on the state of play in the addressed field Barriers and Opportunities for Inclusion of Isolated Roma Communities and Marginalized Groups in Education and Labour Market Final Report on the Situation in Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary February 2019 Developed by: C.E.G.A. Creating Effective Grassroots Alternatives Foundation, Bulgaria Contributions: Local Initiative Association Roman 2002, Romania Alliance of Roma minority representatives and advocates of Nograd County, Hungary Roma-Lom Foundation, Bulgaria Integrated Innovative Systems for Roma Education and Labour Inclusion 1 Integrated Innovative Systems for Roma Education and Labour Inclusion Report on the state of play in the addressed field Contents 1 Introduction and Brief Methodology Outline ......................................................................... 4 2 Analysis of the Situation in Excluded Roma Communities ....................................................... 9 2.1. Roma Communities in Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary ................................................................... 9 1.1.1 Demography ...................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.2 Diversity and Roma Subgroups – Knowing the Diverse Faces of Roma communities .................... 13 2.2. Key Problems of Roma and Distances from Macro-Society ............................................................ 18 2.2.1. Spatial Segregation of Roma Communities and Living Environment .......................................... 18 2.2.2. Education .................................................................................................................................... 22 2.2.3. Employment and Access to Jobs. Income Generation in Roma Communities ........................... 32 2.2.4. Poverty and Social Exclusion – What Are the Trends?................................................................ 36 2.3. The Attitudes of Roma Communities – Self-assessment and Potential for Change ........................ 43 2.4. High-lightening Specific Barriers to Roma Inclusion in Education and Employment ....................... 48 2.4.1. Some Ethno-cultural Specifics Influencing the Roma Inclusion .................................................. 48 2.4.2. Poverty and Isolation Factors versus Roma Involvement into the Labour Market .................... 51 3 Context Analysis – the Roma Issues in National and Local Policies ......................................... 53 3.1. Governance and Overall Policy Framework ................................................................................... 53 3.1.1. Institutional Framework for Roma Integration – Structures and Stakeholders Involved ........... 53 3.1.2. The Missing Political Representation of Roma ........................................................................... 54 3.1.3. The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations ........................................................................... 56 3.1.4. The National Strategies for Roma Integration ............................................................................ 58 3.2. Interventions and Programs for Roma Integration ........................................................................ 61 3.2.1. Interventions for Educational Integration .................................................................................. 61 3.2.2. Measures and Programs Related to Roma Access to Employment ............................................ 65 3.2.3. Experience, Good Practices and Lessons Learned ...................................................................... 68 3.3. Barriers, Generated by Prejudices of the Macro-society towards Roma and Anti-Gypsyism .......... 72 4 Conclusions and Recommendations ...................................................................................... 76 4.1. Key Findings and Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 76 4.2. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 78 5 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 84 Integrated Innovative Systems for Roma Education and Labour Inclusion 2 Integrated Innovative Systems for Roma Education and Labour Inclusion Report on the state of play in the addressed field List of Abbreviations BJR County Offices for the Roma, Romania CMR Ministry Commission for Roma, Romania CNCD National Council for Combating Discrimination, Romania CSO Civil Society Organization DTP Danube Transnational Program ERRC European Roma Rights Centre ESF European Social Fund EU European Union EUFRA European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights FGDs Focus group discussions GLM Mixed working groups (for Roma at county and local levels), Romania HNSIS Hungarian National Social Inclusion Strategy MLSP Ministry of Labour and Social Policy - Bulgaria MoH Ministry of Health - Romania MP Member of Parliament NAR National Agency for Roma, Romania NGO Non-governmental organization NEETs Not in education, employment and training NPHSE National Program of Health Status and Risk Factors Evaluation in Romania NRIS National Roma Integration Strategies NSBIR National Strategy of Bulgaria for Integration of Roma 2012-2020 NSI National Statistics Institute, Bulgaria OSI Open Society Institute UNDP United Nations Development Program Integrated Innovative Systems for Roma Education and Labour Inclusion 3 Integrated Innovative Systems for Roma Education and Labour Inclusion Report on the state of play in the addressed field 1 Introduction and Brief Methodology Outline The Project: The research and analysis is carried out in the framework of the Project DTP-SMF1-118 „Support to National Policies for Inclusion of Roma and Marginalized Groups in Education and Labour Market through Promoting Innovative Systems, Integrating Mainstream and Community Development Interventions” funded by the European Union within the framework of the Danube Transnational Program. It is implemented in Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary by C.E.G.A. Creating Effective Grassroots Alternatives Foundation in partnership with three Roma NGOs: Roma-Lom Foundation (Bulgaria), Local Initiative Association Roman 2002 (Romania) and Alliance of Roma minority representatives and advocates of Nograd County (Hungary). The project duration is 6 months (September 2018 – February 2019). This project is targeted to identify and tackle the obstacles to inclusive education systems and labour markets in order to develop a future Main Project, intended to address the issues in the field. Innovative systems and models will be designed to increase the inclusiveness of the state policies through integrating the mainstream measures with community development approach, aimed at mobilizing the internal community potential. The models of support services will be focused on improving educational outcomes and labour integration of isolated Roma communities and marginalized groups through integrated holistic measures, addressing both the communities and educational and labour environments, and involving all relevant stakeholders in multi-level partnerships and joint actions. The future Main Project will contribute to achieving the specific objectives of the ESDR, related to the good governance of the Danube Region, i.e. “Improved capacities of public institutions and stakeholders to tackle major societal challenges in fields such as labour market policies, education systems and policies, demographic change and migration challenges, inclusion of vulnerable and marginalized groups, participatory planning process and involvement of civil society, urban-rural cooperation and partnership, cooperation on safety, justice and security and administrative issues.” By improving the capacities of public institutions to address the challenges of Roma education and labour inclusion together with civil society actors and ensuring the participation of the target communities in the process, the Main Project will contribute to enhancing the processes of social cohesion in the Danube Region. An added value will be the participatory methodologies that will bring into the process. The purpose of this final comprehensive report is to provide adequate and sufficient information for the development of the Main project work plan (under Output 2), in particular for the justification of the Main project rationale, including in particular: ✓ Main project justification and rationale – key problems outline, baseline data and trends, context analysis, assessment of the needs and opportunities of the target groups, identification of challenges, policy gaps, good practices and existing opportunities for improvement of interventions; Integrated Innovative Systems for Roma Education and Labour Inclusion 4 Integrated Innovative Systems for Roma Education and Labour Inclusion Report on the state of play in the addressed field ✓ Main Project strategy and design regarding the priority setting, selection of approaches and methods, based on the needs’ assessment of the target groups, as well as on the opportunities for mobilization of the internal potential for development of Roma communities. Outlining common problems/trends and the specifics in each country, this Final Report is based
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