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Women and Enlargement EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT STUDY Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union Policy Department Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs ECONOmiC ASpECTS Of ThE CONdiTiON Of ROmA wOmEN CONSTiTuTiONAl AffAiRS 21 MARCH 2006 EN Directorate General Internal Policies of the Union Policy Department Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs GENDER EQUALITY ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE CONDITION OF ROMA WOMEN STUDY IPOL/C/FEMM/ST/2005_09 08.05.2006 N° PE 365.970 EN PE 365.970 1 EN This study was requested by the European Parliament's committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. This paper is published in the following languages: - Original: ;DE - Translations: EN. Author: Berliner InstitutfürVergleichende Sozialforschung (BIVS) Responsible Official: Mr Markus warasin Policy Department Directorate C Remard 3 J 036 Tel: 31074 Fax: 32365 E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript completed in 2006 Paper copies can be obtained through: - E-mail: [email protected] - Site intranet: http://www.ipolnet.ep.parl.union.eu/ipolnet/cms/lang/en/pid/438 Brussels, European Parliament, 2006. The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. PE 365.970 2 EN Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................vi Introduction...................................................................................................................1 Country Study Czech Republic ................................................................................4 1. THE GENERAL SITUATION OF ROMA IN THE COUNTRY.............................4 2. THE SITUATION OF ROMA IN THE ECONOMY ...............................................6 2.1 Patterns of social change and their influence on the Roma in economies ............6 2.2. Information on unemployment, underemployment and self-employment ..........6 2.3. Dominant patterns of qualification and skills among Roma...................................8 3. SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF ROMA WOMEN .......................................................10 4. THE SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN IN THE ECONOMY..............................11 4.1 Areas of employment for Roma women .............................................................11 4.2 Social Welfare Policies .......................................................................................13 5. PROGRAMMES AND POLICIES AIMING TOWARDS THE IMPROVEMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN ..............................15 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................17 Country Report Germany ........................................................................................18 1. THE GENERAL SITUATION OF SINTI AND ROMA IN GERMANY ..............18 2. THE SITUATION OF ROMA IN THE ECONOMY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS .....................................................................................................20 3. THE GENERAL SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN .............................................22 4. THE SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN IN THE ECONOMY .............................24 5. PROGRAMMES AND POLICIES AIMING TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN....................................................26 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................29 Country Report Spain ...............................................................................................30 1. THE SITUATION OF ROMA IN SPAIN ...............................................................30 2. THE SITUATION OF ROMA IN ECONOMY ......................................................33 3. SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF ROMA WOMEN.......................................................35 4. THE SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN IN THE ECONOMY .............................37 5. PROGRAMMES AND POLICIES AIMING TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT OF PE 365.970 3 EN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN (ROMNI)....................................39 CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................39 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................41 RomWom Country Study Ireland................................................................................43 1. THE GENERAL SITUATION OF ROMA IN THE COUNTRY...........................43 1.1. Social and economic conditions for Roma regarding their access to labour, education, housing and health systems........................................................................44 2.THE SITUATION OF ROMA IN THE ECONOMY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS .....................................................................................................46 2.1 Causes and consequences for existing disadvantaged economic position..............46 2.2 The impact of changes in economy during the last ten years on employment and economic activities......................................................................................................46 3. THE GENERAL SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN .............................................48 4.THE SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN IN THE ECONOMY ..............................50 4.1 Information on programmes and policies aiming towards improvement of the economic and social situation of Roma women........................................................50 5. PROGRAMMES AND POLICIES FOR ROMA WOMEN ....................................51 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................53 Country Study Italy ...................................................................................................54 1. SITUATION OF ROMA IN ITALY.......................................................................54 2. THE SITUATION OF ROMA/SINTI IN THE ECONOMY...................................55 3. SOCIAL SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN.........................................................58 3.1 Status ..................................................................................................................58 3.2 Education /schooling..........................................................................................58 4. THE SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN IN THE ECONOMY .............................59 4.1 Traditional image of the Romani woman ...........................................................59 4.2 Sinti.....................................................................................................................59 4.3 Housekeeping and domestic economy as the main economic field....................59 4.4 Begging...............................................................................................................59 5. PROGRAMMES AND POLICIES ADDRESSING SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF ROMANI WOMEN.....................................................................60 5.1 Involvement in secondary economic sectors .........................................................60 5.2 Self-employment ................................................................................................60 5.3 Problem of racism and discrimination................................................................61 5.4 Employment Barriers..........................................................................................61 6. FAMOUS/SUCCESSFUL ROMA WOMEN ........................................................62 PE 365.970 4 EN 2. Bejzak Adem (Kosovo Rom) - "Amalipé Romanó" Association, Olmatello Camp for nomads, Florence.........................................................................................................65 13. Giovagnoli Sergio - President of ARCI-Solidarietà Lazio Onlus, Rome ....................................................................................................................................65 RomWom Country Study Hungary ....................................................................67 1.1 Unemployment and poverty ...............................................................................68 1.2 Access to education ............................................................................................68 1.3 Access to health..................................................................................................69 1.4 Access to housing ...............................................................................................69 2. THE SITUATION OF ROMA IN THE ECONOMY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS .....................................................................................................71 3. THE GENERAL SITUATION OF ROMA WOMEN .............................................74 3.1 Education ............................................................................................................74 3.2 Economic activity...............................................................................................74 3.3 Economic activity according to education...........................................................74 3.4 Economic activity and families...........................................................................74 3.5 Access to health care..........................................................................................75
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