DOCSLIB.ORG

Romany (Gypsies) and Travellers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Romany (Gypsies) and Travellers Federation of Cale/Kale, Manouches, Romany & Sinti Women février 2011 Definition of Terms • Endonyme – a name given • Exonyme – a name given by a community for to a community by themselves people outside of the For example, Romanies is a name that historically the community British Romani community For example, Gypsies is a gives for itself name that historically the For example, Manouche is a English majority society name that historically the French Romani community calls the Romani gives for itself community For example, Cale is a name For example, Gitane is a that historically the Spanish name that historically Romani community gives for itself Spanish majority society has called the Romani community in Spain Gypsies - Gypsy / Gypsies is an exonyme. The term Gypsy is believed to be a corruption of the word Egyptian. When the Romani people left India between 1000-1200 , they travelled from India through from Asia and across Europe - Gypsy/Gypsies was first given to the Romani people by the Greeks (around 1500) who thought the Romani people were Egyptians (Aigyptioi) The arrival of the Romani people in Western Europe was seen as arrivals of ‘Egyptians’. They were called by majority society ‘Egyptians’. - This later became ‘Gypsies’. In Spain, the name Gitane/Gitanos, is also derived from the exonyme ‘Egyptian’ The Romani people • There are Romani branches, notably in Western Europe, who do not historically call themselves Roma: for example, the Sinti , the Cale, the Kale, and Kaale, and the Romanies. These names are all endonyms - they are Romani names for the Romani branches. • All of these branches are part of the Romani people who have a common origin (India); a common language (Romani based on the Indian Sanskrit); a common heritage and tradition. The Romani people are the largest minority in Europe, between 12,000 to 15,000 million people. The principal Western European Romani Branches The migration of the Romani people Kaale – in Finland Sinti – in Nordic countries Kale (from Spain Romanies in Britain 1500-1600) to Sinti – in, Dutch and the south Manouches / Sinti German –speaking England / Wales in France, Belgium countries Sinti – in northern Cale in Italy Spain/Portugal • The Romani people are principally divided into 4 main branches in Europe: The Roma (85%); the Sinti and Manouches (4%), the Cale (10%), the Romanies (0,5%) • Around 96% of the Romani people are sedentary. Romani organisations can use: - Exonyme (non-romani) – for example: The Gypsy Council in the United Kingdom The Fundación Secretariado Gitano in Spain - a combination of non-Romani (exonyme) and Romani (endonyme) - for example: Federation of Romany-Gypsy Associations Cali in Spain Romany (Gypsy) organisation in the UK - only Romani names (endonyme) - for example: Roma, Sinti & Kale Women’s organisation f Femmes roms, sinté & kalé (France) Who are the Travellers? The Travellers are a socio-economic group -their work is based on a travelling lifestyle. They are often self-employed. Travellers do different types of work which requires mobility – in the construction industry, road repairing, selling goods at different market places, fairs, seasonal work, horse dealers, gardening, etc. Travellers play an important role in the economic structure of a number of Western European countries – for example, France, UK, Ireland, Belgium Travellers (+ Ethnic Minorities) Some Travellers are also part of an ethnic minority: For example, there are Travellers who are members of the Western European Romani minority: • in France, some Travellers (Voyageurs) are also Manouches – a Romani branch (not all Manouches are Travellers and not all Travellers are Manouches – pas tous les Manouches sont des Voyageurs et pas tous les Voyageurs sont des Manouches) • in the UK, some of the Romany (Gypsies), also called Romanies have a travelling lifestyle, (not all Romanies are Travellers and not all Travellers are Romanies) Travellers + Ethnic minorities (cont’d) • In Ireland (and in the UK), Irish Travellers are an ethnic minority. They are not related to the Romany (Gypsy) ethnic minority. Irish Travellers are a Celtic people. • Irish Travellers do not have the same origin, or the same language, culture or ethnic traditions as the Romani minority. • In Switzerland and France, the Yenish (Jenish) are a Travelling community. They are another ethnic minority which a separate minority from the Irish Travellers and from the Romani minority. • The countries with a significant Travelling communities are the UK, Ireland, France, Belgium, and Switzerland. Council of Europe - The Council of Europe practice was to use the term ‘Roma/Gypsies’ until 2005 - After 2005, the name ‘Travellers’ began to be used instead of ‘Gypsies’. - The Council of Europe administrative division responsible – the ‘Roma and Gypsies division’ – became the ‘Roma and Travellers division’. - Under the new terms of reference adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 12 July 2006, the Specialist Group on Roma/Gypsies (MG-S-ROM) was renamed the Committee of Experts on Roma and Travellers The European Commission • In the 2010 publication on “Ethnic Minority and Roma Women in Europe: A Case for Gender Equality?”, the European Commission refers to Gypsies and Travellers in their reports and documentation • This is because in the United Kingdom both terms Gypsies and Travellers exist and are used in different ways: • Gypsies (also known as Romany Gypsies) in this report refer to the Romani minority in the UK (who can be sedentary or not sedentary) – there are Scottish Gypsies and Welsh Gypsies who are also part of the Romani minority. • Travellers in this report refer to the non-sedentary communities who are not of Romani origin, such as the Irish Travellers. United Kingdom (UK) – Gypsy Travellers / Romany Traveller / Romany Gypsies • In the UK, most of the Romany (Gypsy) community is sedentary - around 20% of the Romany (Gypsy) community in the UK is non-sedentary. • The Romany community is referred to in different ways: Romanies, Romany (Gypsies), or as Gypsies . • However, the press, the media, elected officials and many members of majority society confuse the Romany (Gypsy) community with the Irish Traveller and communities – calling both these communities Gypsies. The Situation of the Romany (Gypsy) and Traveller communities in the UK As established by government and Human Rights organisations: • “Gypsies and Travellers face the most serious disadvantages of all ethnic minority groups with a much shorter life expectancy, low income and poor access to finance.” • “Their children have high mortality rates and the lowest educational attainment.” Communities and Local Government, UK 2011. Gypsy Council Report to the Council of Europe - 2010 “The Gypsy and Traveller communities of the United Kingdom, have (like almost every other Romani and Traveller community in Europe) been excluded from the UK main stream society, although they have been documented as existing in the UK for hundreds of years”. “The Gypsy and Traveller communities (sedentary and non-sedentary) experience hostility and discrimination in housing (accommodation – either sedentary or non- sedentary), employment, access to health, education etc.” 1. Accommodation Lack of suitable and adequate accommodation for the Romani and Traveller communities Local authorities often place Romany (Gypsy) and Traveller sites in England near rubbish dumps, sewage works or noisy industrial facilities. Romany (Gypsy) and Traveller individuals and communities refuse to live in polluted and isolated places and try to buy their own land Romany (Gypsy) and Traveller are often met with hostility from the local inhabitants and elected politicians in the areas when they try to live on the land that they have bought – and they also face hostility from neighbours when they live in houses (many hide their ethnic identity) Hostility of local inhabitants and elected representatives (schools) Some of the occurrences with the presence of Gypsies or Travellers in an area: Sometimes local inhabitants take their children out of the schools and put them in other schools away from the Gypsy or Traveller children who have moved to the area The schools then close because there are not enough children or the school remains open but the school only has Gypsy and Traveller children because the other children have been taken out of the schools Hostility of local inhabitants towards Romany (Gypsies) and Travellers • The local people block the area so that the Gypsies and Travellers cannot move in to the land (often land the Gypsies and Travellers have bought legally and is their own land.) • The local inhabitants demonstrate openly against the Romany (Gypsies) and Travellers and demand that the Mayor evicts them, even if the Romany (Gypsies) and Travellers are legally on their own property Discrimination in Housing – Difficult for Romanies (Romany Gypsy) and Irish Travellers to obtain land • Local government and local inhabitants do not want Romanies or Irish Travellers near them • As a result 90% of applications for land (terrain), to put a house or a caravan on, are rejected by the Local Municipality, if the applicants are Romanies or Irish Travellers • When the applications for land (terrain) are from non-Romani or non-Traveller people, then nearly 100% of the applications are accepted by Local Municipalities Even if Romanies and Irish Travellers are legally allowed to stay on the land which is their property • The local inhabitants often block where
Recommended publications
  • The Great “Gypsy” Round-Up in Spain

    The Great “Gypsy” Round-Up in Spain

    PROJECT EDUCATION OF ROMA | HISTORY ROMA CHILDREN COUNCIL CONSEIL OF EUROPE DE L´EUROPE IN EUROPE THE GREAT “GYPSY” 3.3 ROUND-UP IN SPAIN The Great Antonio Gómez Alfaro “Gypsy” Round-up in Spain A Preventive Security Measure l A Favourable Juncture l The Strategy l Funding the Round-up l The Prisoners’ Destination l Review of the Round-up l Problems with Freed “Gypsies” l The Reasons for the Pardon l An Unexpected Delay The Age of Enlightened Absolutism provided the authorities with increasing opportunities to apply their measures on all the citizens in their range of power. In Spain, this resulted in the most painful episode in the history of the country’s “Gypsy” community: the general round-up carried out during the reign of Ferdinand VI, on July 30, 1749. The operation, which was as thorough as it was indiscriminate, led to the internment of ten to twelve thousand people, men and women, young and old, “simply because they were Gypsies.” The co-ordination of the different public authorities involved, the co-operation of the Church, which remained passive in the face of such injustice, the excesses committed by all those who made the operation possible, and the collaboration of the prisoners’ fellow citizens and neighbours made “Black Wednesday”, as the round-up is also called, an unchallenged event in the long history of European anti-“Gypsyism”. Oviedo A S T U R I A S CANTABRIA BASQUE NUMBER OF “GYPSY” FAMILIES DOMICILED COUNTRY Following a list by the Council of Castile, probably of 1749 N A V A R R E Ill.
  • ROMA INCLUSION in the CROATIAN SOCIETY Identity, Social Distance and the Experience of Discrimination

    ROMA INCLUSION in the CROATIAN SOCIETY Identity, Social Distance and the Experience of Discrimination

    Europska unija Zajedno do fondova EU ROMA INCLUSION IN THE CROATIAN SOCIETY identity, social distance and the experience of discrimination Nikola Rašić - Danijela Lucić - Branka Galić - Nenad Karajić Publisher: Office for Human Rights and the Rights of National Minorities of the Government of the Republic of Croatia For the publisher: Alen Tahiri, M.A.Pol Sci Year of publication: 2020 Original title: Uključivanje Roma u hrvatsko društvo: identitet, socijalna distanca i iskustvo diskriminacije Authors: Nikola Rašić, Danijela Lucić, Branka Galić, Nenad Karajić Reviewers: Helena Popović and Krunoslav Nikodem Translation: Sinonim d.o.o. Graphic design, editing and printing: Kerschoffset d.o.o. Circulation: 50 copies Cataloguing-in-Publication data available in the Online Catalogue of the National and University Library in Zagreb under CIP record 001083072. ISBN: 978-953-7870-26-3 Projekt je sufinancirala Europska unija iz Europskog socijalnog fonda. Sadržaj publikacije isključiva je odgovornost Ureda za ljudska prava i prava nacionalnih manjina Vlade Republike Hrvatske. Za više informacija: Ured za ljudska prava i prava nacionalnih manjina Vlade Republike Hrvatske Mesnička 23, 10 000 Zagreb, + 385 (1) 4569 358, [email protected] Više informacija o EU fondovima dostupno je na www.strukturnifondovi.hr ROMA INCLUSION IN THE CROATIAN SOCIETY identity, social distance and the experience of discrimination Nikola Rašić - Danijela Lucić - Branka Galić - Nenad Karajić Zagreb, 2020 DISCLAIMER: The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the institutions in which the authors are employed nor the views of the Office for Human Rights and the Rights of National Minorities of the Government of the Republic of Croatia.
  • Politics of Multilingualism in Roma Education in Early Soviet Union and Its Current Projections Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin

    Politics of Multilingualism in Roma Education in Early Soviet Union and Its Current Projections Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin

    www.ssoar.info Politics of multilingualism in Roma education in early Soviet Union and its current projections Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Marushiakova, E., & Popov, V. (2017). Politics of multilingualism in Roma education in early Soviet Union and its current projections. Social Inclusion, 5(4), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i4.1128 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Social Inclusion (ISSN: 2183–2803) 2017, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 48–59 DOI: 10.17645/si.v5i4.1128 Article Politics of Multilingualism in Roma Education in Early Soviet Union and Its Current Projections Elena Marushiakova * and Vesselin Popov School of History, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9BA, UK; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.M.), [email protected] (V.P.) * Corresponding author Submitted: 14 August 2017 | Accepted: 16 October 2017 | Published: 22 December 2017 Abstract This article presents the history of the politics of multilingualism (or lack thereof) in regard to Roma (formerly known as ‘Gypsies’). In the 1920s and 1930s in the newly established Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, against a backdrop of pro- claimed principles of full equality of all peoples1 living in the new state, commenced a rapid creation of schools for Roma children with instruction in Romani mother-tongue along with special training of Roma teachers.
  • Promoting the Social Inclusion of Roma

    Promoting the Social Inclusion of Roma

    EU NETWORK OF INDEPENDENT EXPERTS ON SOCIAL INCLUSION PROMOTING THE SOCIAL INCLUSION OF ROMA HUGH FRAZER AND ERIC MARLIER (NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH, CEPS/INSTEAD) DECEMBER 2011 SYNTHESIS REPORT On behalf of the Disclaimer: This report reflects the views of its authors European Commission and these are not necessarily those of either the DG Employment, Social Affairs European Commission or the Member States. and Inclusion The original language of the report is English. EU NETWORK OF INDEPENDENT EXPERTS ON SOCIAL INCLUSION PROMOTING THE SOCIAL INCLUSION OF ROMA HUGH FRAZER AND ERIC MARLIER (NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH, CEPS/INSTEAD) DECEMBER 2011 SYNTHESIS REPORT Overview based on the national reports prepared by the EU Network of Independent Experts on Social Inclusion Disclaimer: This report reflects the views of its authors and these are not necessarily those of either the European Commission or the Member States. The original language of the report is English. On behalf of the European Commission DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion SYNTHESIS REPORT Contents Preface 3 Summary, conclusions and suggestions 4 A. Summary 4 A.1 Overview of the situation of the Roma in the European Union (EU) 4 A.2 Assessment of existing policy and governance frameworks and identification of key policy priorities to be addressed in national Roma integration strategies 6 B. Conclusions and suggestions 12 1. Overview of the Situation of the Roma in the EU 16 1.1 Roma population across the EU 16 1.2 Geographical variations within countries 20 1.3 Poverty and social exclusion of Roma 22 1.3.1 Income poverty and deprivation 23 1.3.2 Educational disadvantage 24 1.3.3 Employment disadvantage 27 1.3.4 Poor health 30 1.3.5 Inadequate housing and environment 32 1.3.6 Limited access to sport, recreation and culture 34 1.4 Widespread discrimination and racism 35 1.5 Gender discrimination 38 1.6 Extensive data gaps 39 2.
  • Call for Films

    Call for Films

    CALL FOR FILMS To all Roma, Sinti, Kale, Kalderash, Lovara, Lalleri, Ursari, Beasch, Manouches, Ashkali, Aurari, Romanichals, Droma, Doma, Gypsies, Travellers and all the other Romani groups of the world… The fourth Festival of Romani Film will take place in Berlin in 2020: AKE DIKHEA? Festival of Romani Film 19 – 23 November 2020 We are looking for films with which members of different Romani groups can identify to. People with a Romani background or self-organizations can propose films by Roma and non-Roma filmmakers whose themes concern the lives of Romani people in the world and critically reflect upon the reality of discrimination. Possibilities of film registration: FilmFreeWay: https://filmfreeway.com/AkeDikhea Form: https://bit.ly/2NiDumj E-mail: [email protected] Deadline for submission of proposals: Sunday, 9 August 2020 Background information: AKE DIKHEA? translated means “YOU SEE?". It is a self-organized, international festival of Romani film that will take place in Berlin in November 2020. The festival presents Berlin, Germany and the whole world from the perspective of Romani people: Which films represent us, which themes are important to us, how do we see ourselves and how do we want to be seen? We don't want to wait until someone gives us a voice. We want to shape the social space ourselves and decide on the themes and structure of the festival events. The festival is organized by the Berlin Roma self-organization RomaTrial in cooperation with Germany's oldest cinema, Moviemento. Further information can be found on the roma-filmfestival.com website. Selection process The AKE DIKHEA? Festival of Romani Film stands for a unique, participatory selection process: Thanks to our worldwide network of (Romani) filmmakers, we are able to discover topics, people and perspectives that would otherwise remain hidden or only have a local or national impact.
  • Contributing from a Critical and Engaged Ethnography

    Contributing from a Critical and Engaged Ethnography

    THE UNMAKING OF ROMA STUDENTS: CONTRIBUTING FROM A CRITICAL AND ENGAGED ETHNOGRAPHY KITTI BARACSI1 Abstract: In this study, the focus is put on the process by which the different educational actors – in this case mostly teachers – produce the image of Roma students and how a critical and engaged ethnography can show how ideas related to Roma culture, identity and integration play a role in the making of Roma students. Through this we can understand more thoroughly how the processes through which the categories that are meant to interpret the complexity of social processes or bring about positive changes become instruments that actually reinforce discriminative practices. Keywords: Roma students, education, engaged ethnography, collaborative research, teacher narratives Summary: I. INTRODUCTION; II. THE CONTEXT; III. CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE METHODOLOGY, RESEARCH PROCESS AND POSITION; III.1 Methodology; III.2 The research process; III.3 The researcher’s position; IV. CRITICAL AND ENGAGED AT THE SAME TIME?; IV.1 Challenges and limits of attempting to have an engaged position; IV.2. Transgression at the service of critical ethnography?; V. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION McDermott and Varenne (2006), in their study “Reconstructing Culture in Educational Research” discuss how culture can be reconstructed through educational research. Based on the experiences of their work on success and failure (Varenne & McDermott, 1998), they adopt a critical stand that intends to reveal what some taken-for- granted categories imply: “A cultural analysis is not about giving solutions to acknowledged and likely false problems, but about sketching and confronting the conditions that tied problems and apparent solutions together.” (McDermott & Varenne, 2006: 13) At the same time, they reflect on the limits of the cultural approach and call attention on its grounding in institution and time.
  • Romanies in Italy: from National ‘Emergency’ to National ‘Strategy’ in Rome’S Campi Nomadi

    Romanies in Italy: from National ‘Emergency’ to National ‘Strategy’ in Rome’S Campi Nomadi

    Romanies in Italy: From National ‘Emergency’ to National ‘Strategy’ in Rome’s Campi Nomadi Riccardo Armillei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Swinburne Institute for Social Research Faculty of Health, Arts and Design Swinburne University of Technology 2015 Abstract This dissertation deals with the social exclusion of Romanies in Italy. Based on interviews with Romani individuals, institutional and Civil Society Organisations’ (CSOs) representatives, participant observation and a broad range of secondary sources, the thesis focuses on the condition of those living in ‘ campi nomadi’ (nomad camps) and on the recent implementation of a state of emergency, the so-called ‘ Emergenza Nomadi’ (Nomad Emergency). The enactment of this extraordinary measure concealed the existence of a long-established institutional tradition of racism and control directed at Romanies. It was not the result of a sudden, unexpected situation which required an immediate action, as the declaration of an ‘emergency’ might imply, but rather of a precise government strategy. The extreme poverty of the ‘Romanies of the camps’ should be understood as the result of a protracted institutional immobility and political vacuum, which has basically created the ‘emergency’ and the premises for the implementation of a ‘state of exception’. Specifically, the present study focuses on the city of Rome, where the author conducted fieldwork in 2011 and 2012, and provides an investigation of the interactions between Romanies, local institutions and Third Sector organisations. It finds that national and local institutions and their sub-contracted agents have failed to promote the social inclusion of this minority group.
  • The Political Status of the Romani Language in Europe. Mercator Working Papers

    The Political Status of the Romani Language in Europe. Mercator Working Papers

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 479 303 FL 027 781 AUTHOR Bakker, Peter; Rooker, Marcia TITLE The Political Status of the Romani Language in Europe. Mercator Working Papers. SPONS AGENCY European Union, Brussels (Belgium). REPORT NO WP-3 ISSN ISSN-1133-3928 PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 37p.; Produced by CIEMEN (Escarre International Centre for Ethnic Minorities and Nations), Barcelona, Spain. Contains small print. AVAILABLE FROM CIEMEN, Rocafort 242, bis, 08020 Barcelona,(Catalunya), Spain. Tel: 34-93-444-38-00; Fax: 34-93-444-38-09; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.ciemen.org/mercator. For full text: http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/ pdf/wp3-def-ang.PDF. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Civil Rights; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; Language Usage; Language of Instruction; *Minority Groups;,Public Policy; *Regional Dialects; Sociolinguistics IDENTIFIERS European Union; *Gypsies; Roma ABSTRACT This paper examines the political status of Romani. the language of the Gypsies/Roma, in the European Union (EU). Even though some groups do not call themselves "Roma," all Romani speaking groups use the name "Romanes" for their language and "Romani/Romano/Romane" for everything related to their group. All groups use the same language, and all languages can be subdivided into dialects. Three aspects make Romani dialects more diverse than other EU dialects: absence of centuries long influence from a standard language or prestige dialect; influence from a variety of local languages; and a great number of communities of Romani speakers (with speakers not all in contact with each other).
  • Online Event Evidence and Research for Roma Children— RECI

    Online Event Evidence and Research for Roma Children— RECI

    Online event Evidence and Research for Roma Children— RECI Reports: Decade of Collaboration Date: December 8, 2020 Time: 14:00-16:00 GMT/15:00-17:00 CET _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Agenda Welcome Keynote address RECI series – Achievements and challenges Presentation and reflections from RECI partners Q&A Panel discussion 1: What do we need to do to promote equal access to health and education for Roma children? What is the role of research in policy making, practice and advocacy? Q&A Panel discussion 2: Roma children’s inclusion today. (What has been achieved in the past 10 years? Where are countries now? What are the main problems? What is the impact of COVID1-19 on Roma children and their families? What data are available and what data are missing? Q&A Conclusions and takeaway messages _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Speakers with affiliation • Zuzana Havirova Balazova - Director of Roma Advocacy and Research Center, Slovakia • Ivelina Borisova - Regional Advisor, UNICEF • Redjepali Chupi, Interim Co-Director, Roma Education Fund • Dan Pavel Doghi - Senior Adviser on Roma and Sinti Issues, Chief of the CPRSI at OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE ODIHR) • Roland Ferkovics - independent advocacy expert • Jana Hainsworth - Secretary General, Eurochild • Jana Huttova - Consultant, OSF • Arthur Ivatts - Consultant, OSF • Anita Jones - Program
  • 'Race' and Diaspora: Romani Music Making in Ostrava, Czech Republic

    'Race' and Diaspora: Romani Music Making in Ostrava, Czech Republic

    Music, ‘Race’ and Diaspora: Romani Music Making in Ostrava, Czech Republic Melissa Wynne Elliott 2005 School of Oriental and African Studies University of London PhD ProQuest Number: 10731268 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731268 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract This thesis is a contribution towards an historically informed understanding of contemporary music making amongst Roma in Ostrava, Czech Republic. It also challenges, from a theoretical perspective, conceptions of relationships between music and discourses of ‘race’. My research is based on fieldwork conducted in Ostrava, between August 2003 and July 2004 and East Slovakia in July 2004, as well as archival research in Ostrava and Vienna. These fieldwork experiences compelled me to explore music and ideas of ‘race’ through discourses of diaspora in order to assist in conceptualising and interpreting Romani music making in Ostrava. The vast majority of Roma in Ostrava are post-World War II emigres or descendants of emigres from East Slovakia. In contemporary Ostrava, most Roma live on the socio­ economic margins and are most often regarded as a separate ‘race’ with a separate culture from the dominant population.
  • (CCJ) International Roma

    (CCJ) International Roma

    ADVISORY COUNCIL ON YOUTH (CCJ) 8 April 2021 English only International Roma Day On International Roma Day, 8 April, the Advisory Council on Youth sends its warm wishes to Roma and Travellers1 communities across Europe. International Roma Day recognises and celebrates Romani history and culture but also pays tribute to the work and great achievements of the Roma Movement and Romani activists over the decades. Fifty years ago, on this day, the Roma Movement held the First World Romani Congress in Orpington, England (UK). The Congress has become a part of Roma history, several significant decisions were made, which have had an identity-forming impact on Roma communities, such as the adoption of the song “Gelem, Gelem” as the official Romani anthem and the creation of a common flag. The choice of the terms “Rom” and “Romani” as official designations was to eliminate old prejudices and help create a new self-confidence.2 The Advisory Council on Youth welcomes the recently adopted Recommendation CM/Rec(2020)2 on the inclusion of the history of Roma and/or Travellers in school curricula and teaching materials. The recommendation represents a timely agreement among the member states, that Romani history is part of European and national histories and provides an opportunity, for the marginalised Roma communities, to nurture their own culture and values in an institutionalised system. The Advisory Council on Youth invites the Council of Europe member states to commit to the implementation of this recommendation, and to the provision of adequate support to all relevant stakeholders in this process. Structural discrimination against Roma persists, however, rendering it extremely difficult for young Roma to access their rights, including social and civic rights.
  • The Power of Definition. Stigmatisation, Minoritisation1 and Ethnicity Illustrated by the History of Gypsies in the Netherlands*

    The Power of Definition. Stigmatisation, Minoritisation1 and Ethnicity Illustrated by the History of Gypsies in the Netherlands*

    THE POWER OF DEFINITION. STIGMATISATION, MINORITISATION1 AND ETHNICITY ILLUSTRATED BY THE HISTORY OF GYPSIES IN THE NETHERLANDS* LEO LUCASSEN Introduction Various groups of immigrants have settled in the Netherlands over the past centuries. This process generally took place without big problems, apart from the almost ritual phase of a not very flattering stereotype, with the result that none of the original immigrants still exist as a group. There are no German, Huguenot or southern Dutch minorities left. The history of Jews and gypsies was quite different. Although they have lived in the Netherlands for centuries, they have always stayed minorities. The question is why? Was integration or assimilation blocked because they were totally ‘different’, or was the attitude of the host society to blame? In this article I will restrict myself to the gypsies and try to shed some light on this hitherto unsolved problem by means of an historical analysis. I use the term ‘stigmatisation’ (following Van Arkel 1985) because there was (and is) a lot of confusion about who should be considered ‘gypsies’. Contrary to studies that start from the assumption that it is mainly a matter of self-definition, 1 consider that stigmatisation can stimulate group formation – and along with it ethnic consciousness – to a great extent. Two aspects of ‘stigmatisation’ are distinguished for analytical purposes: a) the dissemina- tion of negative ideas about a specific group (stigma) by an authoritative body; and b) the attachment of this stigma on specific groups (labelling) A separate analysis of labelling is of paramount importance in situations where it is unclear who is considered as a group-member; this was the case not only with gypsies, but also with other groups such as homosexuals and political opponents.