DOCSLIB.ORG

Roma and Representative Justice in Turkey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Roma and Representative Justice in Turkey Roma and representative justice in Turkey Basak Akkan This Working Paper was written within the framework of Work Package 5 (justice as lived experience) for Deliverable 5.2 (comparative report on the tensions between institutionalized political justice and experienced (mis)recognition) July 2018 Funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to the participants of the research who genuinely shared their views. I would also like to express my thanks to Bridget Anderson and Pier-Luc Dupont for their comments on the earlier version of this report. Want to learn more about what we are working on? Visit us at: Website: https://ethos-europe.eu Facebook: www.facebook.com/ethosjustice/ Blog: www.ethosjustice.wordpress.com Twitter: www.twitter.com/ethosjustice Hashtag: #ETHOSjustice Youtube: www.youtube.com/ethosjustice European Landscapes of Justice (web) app: http://myjustice.eu/ This publication has been produced with the financial support of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission. Copyright © 2018, ETHOS consortium – All rights reserved ETHOS project The ETHOS project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 727112 2 About ETHOS ETHOS - Towards a European THeory Of juStice and fairness is a European Commission Horizon 2020 research project that seeks to provide building blocks for the development of an empirically informed European theory of justice and fairness. The project seeks to do so by: a) refining and deepening knowledge on the European foundations of justice - both historically based and contemporarily envisaged; b) enhancing awareness of mechanisms that impede the realisation of justice ideals as they are lived in contemporary Europe; c) advancing the understanding of the process of drawing and re-drawing of the boundaries of justice (fault lines); and d) providing guidance to politicians, policy makers, advocacies and other stakeholders on how to design and implement policies to reverse inequalities and prevent injustice. ETHOS does not merely understand justice as an abstract moral ideal that is universal and worth striving for. Rather, justice is understood as a re-enacted and re-constructed lived experience. The experience is embedded in firm legal, political, moral, social, economic and cultural institutions that are geared to giving members of society what is their due. In the ETHOS project, justice is studied as an interdependent relationship between the ideal of justice and its real manifestation – as set in the highly complex institutions of modern European societies. The relationship between the normative and practical, the formal and informal, is acknowledged and critically assessed through a multi- disciplinary approach. To enhance the formulation of an empirically-based theory of justice and fairness, ETHOS will explore the normative (ideal) underpinnings of justice and their practical realisation in four heuristically defined domains of justice - social justice, economic justice, political justice, and civil and symbolic justice. These domains are revealed in several spheres: a) philosophical and political tradition, b) legal framework, c) daily (bureaucratic) practice, d) current public debates, and e) the accounts of vulnerable populations in six European countries (the Netherlands, the UK, Hungary, Austria, Portugal and Turkey). The question of drawing boundaries and redrawing the fault-lines of justice permeates the entire investigation. Alongside Utrecht University in the Netherlands who coordinates the project, five further research institutions cooperate. They are based in Austria (European Training and Research Centre for Human Rights and Democracy), Hungary (Central European University), Portugal (Centre for Social Studies), Turkey (Boğaziçi University), and the UK (University of Bristol). The research project lasts from January 2017 to December 2019. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The deliverable 5.2 is about institutional political justice that encompasses the right of participation in politics, including the right to information and the right to vote, but also the right to one’s share in the decision-making and freedom of self-determination. It means, therefore, having an effective voice in (public) debates regarding oneself (or the group one belongs to) and the power to influence the specific decisions and processes that concern their (immediate) situation. Within this framework, this report deals with the representative injustices that pertain to political representation of Roma within the changing political and social context of Turkey. Considering that the representative injustices entangle with redistributive and recognitional injustices, the report aims to demonstrate how injustices that relate to the insecure livelihood and poor socio-economic conditions, as well as the “structured” invisibility and exclusion of Roma in the society define their representation claims. Along with the literature on Roma, the report dwells on the analysis of the documents and interviews that are carried out with Roma and non-Roma activists, Roma NGO leaders, political party representatives, SIROMA project officer, international organization representative working on Roma issues. Roma are one of the most vulnerable groups living in Turkey as the social exclusion and discrimination regarding access to employment, education, housing, health services as well as social life create significant difficulties and injustices for Roma. Until the 2000s, the Roma in Turkey were largely invisible due to their weak ties with the state, an absence of civil organizations that represent them, and their non-appearance in political institutions. In the 2000s, civil society witnessed the political mobilization of Roma and NGOs were established in several cities, making the problems of Roma more visible. The turning point in Roma political mobilization was the Roma Democratic Opening Process launched in 2009. This process was crucial for Roma to receive recognition in society and made their redistributive claims visible. However, after 2014, Roma political mobilization experienced deep polarization; this was due in part to the polarized political atmosphere of the country and exacerbated by the government differentiating between Roma groups and NGOs by whether they supported the ruling party or the opposition. The report argues that despite Roma political recognition and the current visibility of their redistributive claims, the political representation of Roma that developed as part of the Roma Democratic Opening Process created vulnerabilities for Roma in a polarized political atmosphere. This has policy implications. In order for Roma to have a voice regarding their political representation, Roma NGOs’ capacity needs to be improved through social and political programs. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 4 1) INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 6 2) ROMA IN TURKEY .................................................................................................................................. 6 3) POLITICAL MOBILIZATION OF ROMA SINCE THE 2000S ........................................................................ 8 4) ROMA DEMOCRATIC OPENING PROCESS ............................................................................................ 10 5) THE VULNERABLE REPRESENTATION OF ROMA .................................................................................. 12 6) CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... 15 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................................. 17 ANNEX ........................................................................................................................................................... 18 5 1) Introduction W5.2 is about institutional political justice. Political justice as conceived in ETHOS, connotes broadly understood political participation and representation. It encompasses the right of participation in politics, including the right to information and the right to vote, but also the right to one’s share in the decision-making and freedom of self- determination. It means, therefore, having an effective voice in (public) debates regarding oneself (or the group one belongs to) and the power to influence the specific decisions and processes that concern their (immediate) situation. In this respect, the conceptual framework for the emprical case studies might be helpful to think in these terms: to access institutionalised political justice a group needs to access institutionalised politics. In order to access institutionalised politics one has to constitute a (certain kind of) minority – as constitutionally required; but one might also have to be a certain kind of person – come from a certain Roma group, be male, or of a certain class etc. Institutionalised politics might in practice be a form of mediation between states
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Politics of Multilingualism in Roma Education in Early Soviet Union and Its Current Projections Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin
    www.ssoar.info Politics of multilingualism in Roma education in early Soviet Union and its current projections Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Marushiakova, E., & Popov, V. (2017). Politics of multilingualism in Roma education in early Soviet Union and its current projections. Social Inclusion, 5(4), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i4.1128 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Social Inclusion (ISSN: 2183–2803) 2017, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 48–59 DOI: 10.17645/si.v5i4.1128 Article Politics of Multilingualism in Roma Education in Early Soviet Union and Its Current Projections Elena Marushiakova * and Vesselin Popov School of History, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9BA, UK; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.M.), [email protected] (V.P.) * Corresponding author Submitted: 14 August 2017 | Accepted: 16 October 2017 | Published: 22 December 2017 Abstract This article presents the history of the politics of multilingualism (or lack thereof) in regard to Roma (formerly known as ‘Gypsies’). In the 1920s and 1930s in the newly established Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, against a backdrop of pro- claimed principles of full equality of all peoples1 living in the new state, commenced a rapid creation of schools for Roma children with instruction in Romani mother-tongue along with special training of Roma teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • What We Can Learn About Justice As Political Representation from Empirical Case Studies
    ‘How does it feel to be a problem?’ What we can learn about justice as political representation from empirical case studies Bridget Anderson and Pier-Luc Dupont This Report was written within the framework of Work Package 5 (justice as lived experience) July 2018 Funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union Acknowledgements In addition to the participants who have accepted to be interviewed for the six national case studies that inform this report, we are grateful to all ETHOS partners and two reviewers (Halleh Ghorashi at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Magdalena Majkowska- Tomkin at Open Society Foundations, Budapest, Hungary) Want to learn more about what we are working for providing illuminating comments on the first draft. Our on? thinking has also benefited greatly from the advice of Jon Fox at the University of Bristol. Visit us at: Website: https://ethos-europe.eu Facebook: www.facebook.com/ethosjustice/ Blog: www.ethosjustice.wordpress.com Twitter: www.twitter.com/ethosjustice Hashtag: #ETHOSjustice YouTube: www.youtube.com/ethosjustice European Landscapes of Justice (web) app: http://myjustice.eu/ This publication has been produced with the financial support of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission. Copyright © 2018, ETHOS consortium – all rights reserved ETHOS project The ETHOS project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 727112. 2 About ETHOS ETHOS - Towards a European THeory Of juStice and fairness is a European Commission Horizon 2020 research project that seeks to provide building blocks for the development of an empirically informed European theory of justice and fairness.
    [Show full text]
  • Advocacy Planning in Urban Renewal: Sulukule Platform As the First Advocacy Planning Experience of Turkey
    Advocacy Planning in Urban Renewal: Sulukule Platform As the First Advocacy Planning Experience of Turkey A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Community Planning of the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning by Albeniz Tugce Ezme Bachelor of City and Regional Planning Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Turkey January 2009 Committee Chair: Dr. David Varady Submitted February 19, 2014 Abstract Sulukule was one of the most famous neighborhoods in Istanbul because of the Romani culture and historic identity. In 2006, the Fatih Municipality knocked on the residents’ doors with an urban renovation project. The community really did not know how they could retain their residence in the neighborhood; unfortunately everybody knew that they would not prosper in another place without their community connections. They were poor and had many issues impeding their livelihoods, but there should have been another solution that did not involve eviction. People, associations, different volunteer groups, universities in Istanbul, and also some trade associations were supporting the people of Sulukule. The Sulukule Platform was founded as this predicament began and fought against government eviction for years. In 2009, the area was totally destroyed, although the community did everything possible to save their neighborhood through the support of the Sulukule Platform. I cannot say that they lost everything in this process, but I also cannot say that anything was won. I can only say that the Fatih Municipality soiled its hands. No one will forget Sulukule, but everybody will remember the Fatih Municipality with this unsuccessful project.
    [Show full text]
  • National Roma Integration Strategies
    err C EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) is an international public interest law organisation working to combat anti- Roma Rights Romani racism and human rights abuse of Roma. The approach of the ERRC involves strategic litigation, international Journal of the european roma rights Centre advocacy, research and policy development and training of Romani activists. The ERRC has consultative status with the Council of Europe, as well as with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. The ERRC has been the recipient of numerous awards for its efforts to advance human rights respect of Roma: The 2013 PL Foundation Freedom Prize; the 2012 Stockholm Human Rights Award, awarded jointly to the ERRC and Tho- mas Hammarberg; in 2010, the Silver Rose Award of SOLIDAR; in 2009, the Justice Prize of the Peter and Patricia Gruber Foundation; in 2007, the Max van der Stoel Award given by the High Commissioner on National Minorities and the Dutch Foreign Ministry; and in 2001, the Geuzenpenning Award (the Geuzen medal of honour) by Her Royal Highness Princess Margriet of the Netherlands; Board of Directors Robert Kushen – (USA - Chair of the Board) | Dan Pavel Doghi (Romania) | James A. Goldston (USA) | Maria Virginia Bras Gomes (Portugal) | Jeno˝ Kaltenbach (Hungary) I Abigail Smith, ERRC Treasurer (USA) Executive Director Dezideriu Gergely Staff Adam Weiss (Legal Director) | Andrea Jamrik (Financial Officer) | Andrea Colak (Lawyer) | Anna Orsós (Pro- grammes Assistant) | Anca Sandescu (Human Rights Trainer)
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Report
    ALEVI OPENING AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION INITIATIVE IN TURKEY PolicySETA Report SETA | Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research | March, 2010 | www.setav.org | Report No: 3 Alevi Opening and the Democratization Initiative in Turkey Talha Köse 1 S E T A POLICY REPORT SETA Policy Report March, 2010 | Report No: 3 AA, Rıza Özel ALEVI OPENING AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION INITIATIVE IN TURKEY Talha Köse TALHA KÖSE Talha Köse Ph.D. is faculty member of İstanbul Şehir University and currently a research fellow at the Ali Vural Ak Center for Global Islamic Studies at George Mason University. Dr. Köse completed his doctoral studies at the Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution (ICAR)-George Mason University. Köse’s doctoral research focuses on the transformation of Alevi identity within the post-1980 milieu of Turkey and is titled “Re-Negotiating Alevi Identity: Values, Emotions and the Contending Visions on Future.” Ethnic-sectarian and identity based conflicts, approaches to inter-cultural reconciliation, Alevi issues in Turkey, Kurdish issues, and Iran nuclear negotiations are some of the research interests of Dr. Köse. Köse has published academic articles in Insight Turkey, Akademik Ortadoğu, İnsan Hakları Araştırmaları and is a writer of several book chapters, policy reports and contributed to research projects both at SETA and SETA Washington. 2 2010©All Rights Reserved SETA | FOUNDATION FOR POLITICAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Reşit Galip Cd. Hereke Sokak No: 10 GOP Çankaya 06700 Ankara TÜRKİYE Phone: +90 312.405 61 51 | Fax: +90 312.405 69 03 | www.setav.org | infosetav.org ALEVI OPENING AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION INITIATIVE IN TURKEY CONTENTS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • South-East Europe International Relations Quarterly
    INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS QUARTERLY, Vol. 5. No.1. (Spring 2014/1) ROMA COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE JÓZSEF-GYÖRGY FEKETE (Abstract) The aim of this paper is to present the Roma1 people and their status in Southeast Europe; since they are the largest and most heterogeneous ethnic minority of the region. We are focusing on the Post-Yugoslav countries, Albania, Romania and Bulgaria. Hungary is not integrated organically to the studied countries, however for the easier comparison; we took the data of the Hungarian Gypsies into the analysis. The Roma people are not a homogeneous community, the religion, the language and the historical background both could differentiate them. Some ethnic groups who are attached the Gypsies also wish to distinguish themselves from the Romanies. The phenomenon of "preferred identity" can be observed within the Roma communities, which means that they do not identify themselves as Roma to avoid discrimination; and because of the assimilation (linguistic, religious and cultural) and "social progress" (especially in the more educated social layer). The socio-economic inequalities are increasing among both the Roms and the rest of the population; and within the Roma population as well. There are people in each country who live under or fall below the poverty line; however this process is much more intense and more drastic amongst the Roma population. This paper also aims to shed the light on the current situation of the Romani people living in the Balkans. For the sake of the objective we found important to present the history of the Roma in each country. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of the Hungarian and foreign literature, therefore, to the maximum extent possible, we tried to get to know previous studies of those researchers as widely as possible the, who live in the countries concerned.
    [Show full text]
  • September 2009 Special Edition Language, Culture and Identity in Asia
    The Linguistics Journal – September 2009 The Linguistics Journal September 2009 Special Edition Language, Culture and Identity in Asia Editors: Francesco Cavallaro, Andrea Milde, & Peter Sercombe The Linguistics Journal – Special Edition Page 1 The Linguistics Journal – September 2009 The Linguistics Journal September 2009 Special Edition Language, Culture and Identity in Asia Editors: Francesco Cavallaro, Andrea Milde, & Peter Sercombe The Linguistics Journal: Special Edition Published by the Linguistics Journal Press Linguistics Journal Press A Division of Time Taylor International Ltd Trustnet Chambers P.O. Box 3444 Road Town, Tortola British Virgin Islands http://www.linguistics-journal.com © Linguistics Journal Press 2009 This E-book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of the Linguistics Journal Press. No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of The Linguistics Journal. [email protected] Editors: Francesco Cavallaro, Andrea Milde, & Peter Sercombe Senior Associate Editor: Katalin Egri Ku-Mesu Journal Production Editor: Benjamin Schmeiser ISSN 1738-1460 The Linguistics Journal – Special Edition Page 2 The Linguistics Journal – September 2009 Table of Contents Foreword by Francesco Cavallaro, Andrea Milde, & Peter Sercombe………………………...... 4 - 7 1. Will Baker……………………………………………………………………………………… 8 - 35 -Language, Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca in Asia: Notes from the Field 2. Ruth M.H. Wong …………………………………………………………………………….. 36 - 62 -Identity Change: Overseas Students Returning to Hong Kong 3. Jules Winchester……………………………………..………………………………………… 63 - 81 -The Self Concept, Culture and Cultural Identity: An Examination of the Verbal Expression of the Self Concept in an Intercultural Context 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Rap Music As Resistance and Its Limits, Two Diverging Cases: Sulukule and Bağcılar Rap
    Rap Music as Resistance and Its Limits, Two Diverging Cases: Sulukule and Bağcılar Rap Umut Mişe, Boğaziçi University, Turkey Abstract In the city of Istanbul, where problems such as poverty, discrimination and exclusion are widespread, young people who live in poorer communities use rap music as an instrument of resistance and as a tool for expressing frustration towards their socio-economic exclusion. In two neighborhoods, Sulukule and Bağcılar, young people who socialize around rap music reflect both the reality of these neighborhoods and their struggle against social stigmatization. Rappers from these communities do not only sing about the local issues, but they also touch upon social inequality, justice, and freedom beyond their locality. Yet some rappers also try to disseminate their arts through social media, earn money, and become famous. As a result, their lyrics become more moderate. Indeed, the discourse of Bağcılar rappers who prefer to “amateurishly” publish their works on social media – unlike Sulukule rappers who release professionally produced albums – becomes more moderate in terms of critique and resistance, as the competitive market logic dominates their logic when writing new songs. Introduction In the last few years, rap music in Turkey has come to the fore in a politically significant form. The fact that famous rappers such as Ezhel, Khontkar, and Young Bego, among many others, were imprisoned for their provocative music increased the political significance of rap music in Turkey. A recent song called “Susamam,” by 14 different rappers and groups, has gained much attention, as it was purely oppositional and politically straightforward. However, this is not the whole story.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Tourism in Istanbul: Urban Regeneration, Mega-Events and City Marketing and Branding
    Department of Social Research University of Helsinki Finland URBAN TOURISM IN ISTANBUL: URBAN REGENERATION, MEGA-EVENTS AND CITY MARKETING AND BRANDING Ülke Evrim Uysal Department of Social Research ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in lecture room 8, University main building, on 7 February 2015, at 12 noon. Finland 2015 Publications of the Department of Social Research 2015:6 Social and Public Policy © Ülke Evrim Uysal Cover: Jere Kasanen Photo: Özgür Pektaş Distribution and Sales: Unigrafia Bookstore http://kirjakauppa.unigrafia.fi/ [email protected] PL 4 (Vuorikatu 3 A) 00014 Helsingin yliopisto ISSN-L 1798-9140 ISSN 1798-9132 (Online) ISSN 1798-9140 (Print) ISBN 978-952-10-9151-3 (Print) ISBN 978-952-10-9152-0 (Online) Helsinki University Print Helsinki 2015 ABSTRACT This thesis analyses urban tourism in Istanbul from the point of view of urban studies. Urban tourism is analysed by examining urban regeneration, mega-events and city marketing and branding and the impacts of these in the city of Istanbul between 2007 and 2011. The main argument of the thesis is the following: urban tourism is a complex phenomenon that is not limited to the business of providing services for people on holiday. Several aspects of urban tourism are closely connected to urban development, thus calling for an urban studies point of view. Case studies on Istanbul and a comparation between tourism promotion strategies in Helsinki and Istanbul give empirical evidence to support this argument. The main body of the thesis consists of four scientific publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Visibility Model of Tangible Heritage. Visualization of the Urban Heritage Environment with Spatial Analysis Methods
    heritage Article Visibility Model of Tangible Heritage. Visualization of the Urban Heritage Environment with Spatial Analysis Methods Elif Sarihan Department of Civil Engineering, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; [email protected] Abstract: The methodological approach of the study proposes an innovative yet adaptive way to define and preserve heritage sites and their elements. In the case study, the proposed methodology guides the design/planning research of heritage sites by linking the perceptual behaviour with the information of the built environment. Visibility is the tool to measure the level of exposure of specific urban elements from a particular perspective. While isovist analyses define visibility in the built environment, fields of view from the periphery of heritage sites are applied to calculate visible or invisible areas by the observer. The purpose of the current study is the evaluation of the identification of the elements to be protected, by modelling both the heritage environment and the heritage elements according to the visibility criteria. For this purpose, I illustrate my approach by using visibility analyses and Space syntax analysis in the case of the Sulukule neighbourhood, the leading renewal project, in Istanbul. This area used to have notably cultural–historical assets–historic land walls, the lifestyle of Roma people—but now the renovation works carried out in the Sulukule case study site have affected the identity of the “visible” and “known” space of the historic quarter. Keywords: visibility analysis; isovist; field of view; urban heritage; built environment; Istanbul Citation: Sarihan, E. Visibility Model of Tangible Heritage. Visualization of the Urban Heritage Environment with Spatial Analysis Methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Romani | Language Roma Children Council Conseil of Europe De L´Europe in Europe Romani | Language
    PROJECT EDUCATION OF ROMANI | LANGUAGE ROMA CHILDREN COUNCIL CONSEIL OF EUROPE DE L´EUROPE IN EUROPE ROMANI | LANGUAGE Factsheets on Romani Language: General Introduction 0.0 Romani-Project Graz / Dieter W. Halwachs The Roma, Sinti, Calè and many other European population groups who are collectively referred to by the mostly pejorative term “gypsies” refer to their language as Romani, Romanes or romani čhib. Linguistic-genetically it is a New Indo-Aryan language and as such belongs to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. As an Indo-Aryan diaspora language which occurs only outside the Indian subcontinent, Romani has been spoken in Europe since the Middle Ages and today forms an integral part of European linguistic diversity. The first factsheet addresses the genetic and historical aspects of Romani as indicated. Four further factsheets cover the individual linguistic structural levels: lexis, phonology, morphology and syntax. This is followed by a detailed discussion of dialectology and a final presentation of the socio-linguistic situation of Romani. 1_ ROMANI: AN INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGE OF EUROPE deals with the genetic affiliation and with the history of science and linguistics of Romani and Romani linguistics. 2_ WORDS discusses the Romani lexicon which is divided into two layers: Recent loanwords from European languages are opposed by the so-called pre-European inherited lexicon. The latter allowed researchers to trace the migration route of the Roma from India to Europe. 3_ SOUNDS describes the phonology of Romani, which includes a discussion of typical Indo-Aryan sounds and of variety- specific European contact phenomena. THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED IN THIS WORK ARE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE OFFICIAL POLICY OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE.
    [Show full text]
  • Roma Labelling: Policy and Academia Elena
    4 66 • 2018 ARTICLES ROMA LABELLING: POLICY AND ACADEMIA ELENA MARUSHIAKOVA, VESSELIN POPOV https://doi.org/10.26363/SN.2018.4.02 ©Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology of SAS Professor Elena Marushiakova, PhD, School of History, University of St Andrews, St Katharine’s Lodge, The Scores 14, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9BA, Scotland, UK; e-mail: [email protected] Professor Vesselin Popov, PhD, School of History, University of St Andrews, St Katharine’s Lodge, The Scores 14, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9BA, Scotland, UK; e-mail: vp43@ st-andrews.ac.uk For centuries in different countries of Central, South-eastern and Eastern Europe groups of people have lived who are all called by their surrounding population with different appellations, which is usually translated into English as “Gypsies”. In the last quarter of a century, instead of these names, a new common designation has been established in the region’s public discourse, based on their self-appellation “Roma”. The processes of labelling and imposition of the new name on these communities did not stop in this region, and the label “Roma” is increasingly spreading in the remaining parts of Europe and even beyond. This process of imposing “from above” of a “politically correct” labelling, however, has led to, for some perhaps unexpectedly, to others predictably, an impact on the field. Some local communities labelled today “Roma” started to demonstrate publicly their reluctance to comply with the designation imposed on them from the “outside”. The proposed article will reveal the historical sources of labelling of these communities and main dimensions of these contradictory processes.
    [Show full text]