International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-3, February 2019 Armored Modular and Non-Modular Vehicle: A Survey M. Sheik Dawood, A. Fardhan Ahmed, M. Jehosheba Margaret, C. Yesubai Rubavathi Abstract: Armored vehicles are being used in the defense sector for many years. The a rmored vehicles have been so efficient and productive and have The most stunning thing in the universe is interstellar, survived these many years. In the year 1995, a new concept was humans are working on it for many years and there have introduced called modular vehicles, which means we can use one been made a lot of discoveries. vehicle for almost all purposes. In the defense sector, the number of modular vehicles is less compared to the non-modular All the space probes and satellites are modular in nature. So vehicles. If we choose the future with modular vehicles it is going to be the wisest decision which we take. The modular vehicles are we are getting into the world of modules because we find it better in every way when compared with non-modular vehicles. more efficient than anything. Calculating the time it will In this paper, we present a detailed survey on both the modular take for us to achieve a 100% modular environment will be and non-modular vehicles used in the defense sector and we in 5 to 6 years. We find this is the appropriate time to get suggest a more advanced modular vehicle which can serve the involved in the modular ecosystem and look forward to the defense sector for years without a need of replacement. betterment of the human future. This survey is mainly taken Keywords: Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV), Central Tire to review the armored modular and non-modular vehicles Inflation System (CTIS), All-Welded Steel, Armored Personnel that are available in the defense sector. An updated version Carrier (APC), Light Armored Vehicle (LAV), Non-Modular. from the below mentioned armored modular and non- modular vehicle can be designed. The features that the I. INTRODUCTION vehicle should have to fulfill the requirements of a modular The modular concept is an emerging technology which is vehicle should be as follows, the vehicle can have a tank going to be used in many fields like in electronic devices, design, the reason for choosing the tank design is because vehicles, space probes, consumer products etc. The meaning the tanks are basically meant to be strong, protective and of modular is defined as “employing or involving a module withstand anything that comes in their way, It can also have or modules as the basis of design or construction”. When we a technological feature built in it which is an Auto Pilot apply the concept of modules to vehicles we can have a System so that it can go to places without an extra need of simple and elegant picture which shows a common base soldiers and can perform a reconnaissance activity by itself structure and we can add any kind of modules we want without risking lives. It has got a lot of advantages having based on our requirement. If we have modular products the the autopilot system installed in it. The vehicle must have first thing that is going to be reduced is the time and parts the most important feature that an armored vehicle should that are used to manufacture non-modular products. The have and that is the All-Terrain Response, which allows the time it takes to manufacture a vehicle can be reduced vehicle to go anywhere at any time. In the following drastically because you are going to build a common base sections, we will be discussing different Modular and Non- structure for all of your vehicles. On the other hand the Modular Vehicles being used and the upcoming vehicles in parts, the modules we use also have common base structures the Defense sector. The vehicles we are going to discuss are in them and you do not need to manufacture new parts and as follows: Non-Modular Vehicles: TATA Kestrel, Stryker, assembly lines which is going to cost a lot. This is how BTR-90 & LAV-III Modular Vehicles: Patria AMV, Boxer efficient a modular vehicle can be, this is just the beginning & Havoc AMV of the world of modules there is a lot more we can do with II. TATA KESTREL it.Now let’s look into the developments being made in the world of modular products. Engineers and scientists are The TATA Kestrel is an 8X8 Armored fighting vehicle. working to design and convert everything into a modular This vehicle has been built for the survival of the troops, to give protection from arm fires and hidden explosives. It is product. Google, one of the biggest tech tycoon introduced an 8X8 all-wheel drive vehicle. This vehicle has installed a modular electronic devices like a modular mobile phone. hydropneumatic suspension which helps to get a comfortable ride. TATA Kestrel’s wheels have the capability to run flat which is very helpful in battlefields. TATA Kestrel’s wheels have the capability to run flat which Revised Manuscript Received on 24 February 2019. M. Sheik Dawood, Dept. of ECE, Sethu Institute of Technology, is very helpful in battlefields. The vehicle has 4 axles and Kariapatti, Virudhunagar, India. E-Mail: the front axle is the only axle which is steerable as it can A. Fardhan Ahmed, Dept. of ECE, Sethu Institute of Technology, reduce the turning radius of the vehicle. Kariapatti, Virudhunagar, India. E-Mail: M. Jehosheba Margaret, Dept. of ECE, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti, Virudhunagar, India. C. Yesubai Rubavathi, Dept. of CSE, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti, Virudhunagar, India. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: C570002831919©BEIESP 489 & Sciences Publication Armored Modular and Non-Modular Vehicle: A Survey When it comes to protecting the TATA Kestrel’s armor is types of APC’s from the Soviet Union. The abovementioned made up of appliqué and composites along with welded vehicles are no longer capable to meet the requirements of steel. An additional armor kit is available for extra the modern warfare. There are many western vehicles which protection. The hull floor which helps in defeating mines are capable to do and with more advanced technology and similar ones. The glacis plate in the vehicle is very integrated into them when compared with the Indian army’s shallow and the fuel tank is mounted outside of the vehicle APC’s and BPM’s. To meet the requirements TATA and to improve its survivability. The standard operating crew Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) consisting a driver and commander with mechanized squad of India partnered to manufacture the TATA Kestrel. [1][4] of 12 members. The seats in the vehicle are attached in the The TATA Kestrel has very strong armor protection which roof to improve blast protection fuel tank is placed outside is made up of applique and composites along with welded the troop compartment that is outside the vehicle. The steel and an additional armor kit is available for extra passengers are placed back to back fashion. The seats are protection. The hull is designed in such an away which can comfortable compared to the old BPM’s. The engine is placed in the front left portion of the vehicle. It has a high withstand mines and similar underground explosives. Since power-to-weight ratio which comes from the turbocharged the seats are attached to the top of the roof it increases blast diesel engine with 600hp. TATA Kestrel is fully protection and the fuel tank placed outside the troop amphibious, it is fitted with two water jets at the lower compartment gives extra protection to the crew. The back to corners of the hull rear.[1][3] The standard turret installation back fashion of seats helps more passengers to fit and stay can also accept a roof mounted Remote Weapons Station comfortable. The wheels have run flat capability which will (RWS). The standard arrangement sees the vehicle field a be used in cases of punctures. The turbocharged diesel 30mm auto-cannon and 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. A engine with 600hp gives high power-to-weight ratio which 12.7mm heavy machine gun is added to the remote weapons is helpful in mountain climbing and the vehicle is fully station. The vehicle is granted support stations for up to 2 x amphibious. [1][5] The TATA Kestrel is manufactured by Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) launchers. A single TATA and DRDO. The first prototype was revealed in 2014 vehicle can pledge enemy infantry, light armored vehicles, also had a remotely controlled weapon station with a and frontline combat tanks. Firing ports along the hull side 12.7mm machine gun. A Kestrel was revealed in 2016, introduce the prospect of passenger infantry bringing their fitted with a complete turret of the BMP-2 infantry fighting personal weapons to bear in a firefight. [1] The TATA vehicle, armed with a 30 mm automatic cannon. It is in Kestrel are manufactured to replace the old Soviet BMP’s service since 2017 and the country of origin is India. Refer and APC’s in Indian army. The Indian army has a large fleet Fig. (1) and Fig. (2). [2] of BPM-1’s and BPM-2’s and different Figure 1 - TATA Kestrel under testing process; Figure 2 - TATA Kestrel on display; Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: C570002831919©BEIESP 490 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-3, February 2019 Table 1 - TATA Kestrel: Specifications, Uses, Advantages and Disadvantages; Specifications [1] Uses Advantages Disadvantages Weight: 25 Tons It can be used in Low Cost, Smaller in size The weight is heavier, The armor is not strong and Length, Width & Height: 7.8 different and Good swim speed in The armament used is not powerful enough for the m, 2.95 m & 2.28 m.