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Baseline Report Xe Champhone Wetland, Champhone and Xonbuly Districts, Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR

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Baseline Report Xe Champhone Wetland, Champhone and Xonbuly Districts, Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR Baseline Report Xe Champhone Wetland, Champhone and Xonbuly Districts, Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR MEKONG WATER DIALOGUES 0 June 2011 The designation of geographical Published by: IUCN, Gland, Cover Photo: Turtle Pond at ban entities in this publication, and Switzerland, and Vientiane, Lao Donedeng, Xe Champhone the presentation of the material, PDR. Wetland, IUCN Lao PDR do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the Copyright: © 2011 International Layout by: Charlotte Hicks part of IUCN or The Ministry for Union for Conservation of Nature Foreign Affairs of Finland and Natural Resources Produced by: IUCN Lao PDR concerning the legal status of any Country Office country, territory, or area, or of its Reproduction of this publication authorities, or concerning the for educational or other non- Funded by: The Ministry for delimitation of its frontiers or commercial purposes is Foreign Affairs of Finland and boundaries. authorized without written IUCN permission from the copyright The views expressed in this holder provided the source is fully Available from: publication do not necessarily acknowledged. IUCN reflect those of IUCN or The Lao PDR Country Office Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Reproduction of this publication PO Box 4340 Finland. for resale or other commercial 082/01 Fa Ngum Rd purposes is prohibited without Ban Wat Chan, This report is a summary of prior written permission of the Vientiane, Lao PDR research implemented in 2011 copyright holder. Tel: +856-21-216401 under the Mekong Water Fax: +856-21-216127 Dialogues, facilitated by IUCN. Citation: IUCN (2011). Baseline Web: www.iucn.org/lao No warranty as to the accuracy or Report: Xe Cha,phone Wetland, completeness of this information Champhone and Xonbuly is given and no responsibility is Districts, Savannakhet Province, accepted by IUCN or its Lao PDR, Mekong Water employees for any loss or Dialogues Project. Gland, damage arising from reliance on t Switzerland: IUCN. 24pp. This publication has been made possible in part by the generous support of The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. he information provided. 1 Contents 1. Overview…………………………………………………………….. 2 2. Location……………………………………………………………... 2 3. Catchment area…………………………………………………….. 5 4. Landscape and ecology…………………………………………… 6 5. Biodiversity………………………………………………………….. 7 6. Economic, social and cultural values…………………………… 9 7. Land use, tenure and planning…………………………………… 12 8. Management and conservation of the site…………………….. 13 9. Changes and threats………………………………………………. 16 References………………………………………………………………. 18 Annexes………………………………………………………………….. 20 Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank CCAI Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative (MRC) DAFO District Agriculture and Forestry Office DFRC Division of Forest Resources Conservation GAPE Global Association for People and the Environment GoL Government of Lao PDR Ha Hectare IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LARReC Lao Aquatic Resources Research Center Lao PDR Lao People’s Democratic Republic LFA Land and forest allocation LNTA Lao National Tourism Administration MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MRC Mekong River Commission NAFRI National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute NLMA National Land Management Authority NPA National Protected Area NTFPs Non-timber forest products PAFO Provincial Agriculture & Forestry Office PFA Production Forest Area PWREO Provincial Water Resources and Environment Office RIS Ramsar Information Sheet SUFORD Sustainable Forestry for Rural Development WREA Water Resources and Environment Administration WWF Worldwide Fund for Nature 1 1. Overview The Xe Champhone Wetlands is one of Lao PDR’s first two sites to be recognised under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Significance. Xe Champhone Wetlands cover an area of 12,400 hectares (ha), with core areas amounting to 1,500 ha. The wetlands are a large plain containing perennial and seasonal rivers as well as scattered lakes, ponds, fresh water marshes, and rice paddy fields. These become interconnected during the wet season, and the wetlands complex extends into other wetlands areas, including Nong Luang, Kout Koung and Kout Koke. The northern part of Xe Champhone includes rice paddy fields and two large reservoirs, while the southern part contains extensive vegetation, including open woodland, mixed semi-evergreen forest, as well as shrubs and grasses. The Xe Champhone Wetlands is one of a few areas in the Lao PDR where critically endangered Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) have been recorded. Also found in the area are a number of waterbirds species particularly Lesser whistling duck (Dendrocygna javanica), a few species of kingfisher, White-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus), darter sp., and egrets. The wetlands also support the livelihoods of local people, who live in remote settlements in the surrounding area. Fish, livestock grazing and traditional rice cultivation take place in and around the wetlands. A stakeholder analysis of management and other concerned actors is also provided in Annex 1. 2. Location The Xe Champhone Wetlands are in the southern Lao PDR province of Savannakhet, in Champhone and Xonbuly Districts. The main northern portion of the wetlands is about 3 km south of Ban Kengkok in Champhone District, between the Route 9 and Route 11. The southern end of the site adjoins Xonbuly District (see Map 1 below). The wetlands are not located near any national protected areas (NPAs) (see map 2). The coordinates for the center of site are 16°23’N and 105°13’E; the coordinates of the site’s boundaries are as follows: No. Y X Boundary 1 16°30’13’’ N 105°10’03’’ E North-west 2 16°30’12’’ N 105°11’20’’ E North-east 3 16°28’00’’ N 105°10’30’’ E West 4 16°21’30’’ N 105°10’45’’ E West 5 16°18’38’’ N 105°14’30’’ E Southernmost 6 16°20’20’’ N 105°14’00’’ E South-east 7 16°26’00’’ N 105°14’50’’ E East 8 16°25’55’’ N 105°12’30’’ E East 9 16°30’12’’ N 105°11’20’’ E East Source: WREA, 2011. 2 Map 1: Xe Champhone Wetlands, Savannakhet Province Source: Cox & Phothitay, 2008, in WREA, 2011. Map 2: Location of Xe Champhone Wetlands in relation to NPAs Xe Champhone Wetlands 3 Map 3 below shows the core and buffer zones of the Xe Champhone Wetlands Ramsar site. Map 3. Boundary Map of Xe Champhone Ramsar Site Ramsar Site boundary and buffer zone boundary Core zone boundary Source: WREA, 2011 4 3. Catchment area At the broadest Asia regional scale, Xe Champhone is included in the Central Indochina - tropical lowland plain (MacKinnon and MacKinnon, 1986). The Xe Champhone Wetlands are fed by the Xe Champhone River and the Xe Xangxoy River, which are tributaries of the larger Xe Banghieng River. The Xe Champhone and Xe Xangxoy rivers flow from the Annamite Mountain Range to the east, as does the Xe Banghieng. The Xe Banghieng has a catchment area of around 2 million ha and covers the entire eastern part of Savannakhet Province (Wiszniewski and Lertsirivorakul, 2007). The Xe Banghieng River basin, one of the largest in Lao PDR, has been selected as a pilot site for the establishment of a river basin committee (RBC). Map 4 below shows the catchment area. Forest found in the watershed is considered important for maintaining the ecology of the wetlands (WREA, 2011). No data is available on the soil in the catchment area, although for the Xe Banghieng Basin, one report states that red soil and sandstone prevail in almost the entire basin, although, in the north, east and the extreme eastern parts, Palaezoic and Precambrian exist (Anon). Map 4: Xe Champhone catchment area Source: Sengtianthr, 2007. 5 4. Landscape and Ecology The Xe Champhone Wetlands are characterised by numerous meanders, oxbows and deep pools, including both open and closed water surfaces, as well as mats of dense floating vegetation. The Xe Champhone River is the main water body feeding the wetlands; the zigzaging river links the wetlands with various ponds and streams in the area. The lakes, pools and ponds in the area provide vital habitat for fish and other wildlife species, including Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) and water birds. The ecosystem of Xe Champhone is also important in supporting villagers’ livelihoods, through fishing, livestock grazing and rice cultivation. 4.1 Water As noted by WREA (2011), and in accordance with Claridge (1996), the Xe Champhone Wetlands incorporate many wetland types: perennial river channels, seasonal river channels, permanent freshwater marsh, seasonal freshwater marsh, freshwater swamp forest, lakes, ponds, permanent reservoirs, seasonal reservoirs, seasonal flooded woodlands, rain-fed rice paddy and irrigated rice paddy. The main water bodies of the Xe Champhone Wetlands Ramsar Site are of vital importance for wild animals, domestic animals and people living in the surrounding area. During the wet season, when the water levels are high, the entire area may be considered wetlands. During the dry season, although the landscape is very different, scattered ponds and marshes remain. In the dry season, only the Xe Champhone River and its oxbow lakes retain water and thus provide fishing opportunities and a source of water (Khoa et al, 2005). People in the Xe Champhone area also rely on drilled wells for water. Some shallow wetlands or ponds in paddy fields have poor water quality due to over-use by cattle. 4.2 Forest Savannakhet Province is mainly drylands, as a major proportion of the land cover is dry dipterocarp forest and without clear watersheds/catchments. During the wet season, however, the province faces flood hazard because of its largely flat land located at low altitude and relatively sparse forest cover, especially along the Xe Champhone River, which suffers the most from flooding. Although, most forest in the province is dipterocarp forest, mixed semi-evergreen forest is also found. WREA (2011) states that forests in the area (mainly the mixed semi-evergreen forest, dipterocarp forest and mixed bamboo) are not healthy and their functions for soil and water improvement are poor.
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