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Dr.Rupnathji( Dr.Rupak Nath ) Contents Page A NOTE ON TYPOGRAPHICAL DEVICES AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. In preparing the Sanskrit text printed in the volume the editors have endeavoured to adhere as faithfully as possible to the textual arrangemant in the original 'documents. The divi- sion into lines in the manuscript text has been kept intact except where the limits of space dictated their splitting up. Superfluous words which could not be accommodated within 4he print-area have been utilised to form subsidiary lines, which Appear in the text with an indent. They can thus be easily distinguished from the complete lines. No effort has been made to introduce punctuations that do not occur in the original except for the hyphen which has been used to indicate split up words at the end of a line. The spelling of the original documents has been generally followed, all corrections and emendations being relegated to the Notes. Obvious mistakes have, however, been pointed out in the body of the text by putting the emended reading in round brackets immediately after the corrupt or misspelt word or syllable. All lacunae, whether due to mutilation or illegibility, have been noted by means of blank spaces enclosed in square brackets. The approximate length of each lacuna has been indicated in the tfotes. All conjectural additions have been put in square brackets and doubtful marked with a note of interro- DR.RUPNATHJI(readings DR.RUPAK NATH ) gation. The system of transliteration followed is that approved of by the Council of Royal Asiatic Society, Great Britain and Ireland, in its resolution dated October 1896, but for the fact that ^ has been rendered by fi, ^ by c&, by chh, ^ by sh> anusvara by rn and visarga by h. As.regards personal and place names and technical terms, modern spellings have been generally followed except in the English Translation where use has been made of diacritical marks whenever considered indispensable. vii Vlll A NOTE ON TYPOGRAPHICA, DEVICES Ar. Arabic. Bib. Ind. Bibliotheca Indica. Bonn Univ. Edn. Bonn University Edition. Cons. Consultations. Foreign Misc. Series Miscellaneous Records of the Fore- ign Department of the Govern- ment of India at the National Archives of India. I. R. D. Imperial Record Department. O.K. Original Persian Letters Received. Pers. Persian. Pol. Cons. Political Consultations. Pol. Progs. Political Proceedings. Pub. Cons. Public Consultations. S. B. E. Sacred Books of the East. Sec. Cons. Secret Consultations. DR.RUPNATHJI( DR.RUPAK NATH ) CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE ... - i-ii iii-v sngtai .. ... A NOTE ON TYPOGRAPHICAL DEVICES AND ABBREVIA- TIONS USED ... ... ... vii-viii CONTENTS .. ... ... ix-xi . ... INTRODUCTION . ... 1-64 1 . Ruling given by Benares Pandits on a ques- tion of Adoption ... ... 1-4 2. Benares Pandits' Memorandum on Warren .. Hastings .... 5-10 3. Bengali Pandits of Benares on Warren Has- tings ... ... 11-16 4. Letter from Bahuji Maharani to Lord Corn- wallis ... ... ... 17-18 5. Petition of Kanhardas to Sir John Shore ... 19-21 0. Petition of Kanhardas to Sir John Shore . 22-23 7. Letter of Kanhardas to the Supreme Council 24 8. Laudatory verses in Kashinath Pandit's Letter 25 DR.RUPNATHJI( DR.RUPAK NATH ) 9. Letter from the Puri priests to Lord Wellesley 26-29 10. Legend on Yasovant Rao Holkar's coin 30 11. Legal opinion delivered by five Benares Pandits on a question of succession ... ... 31-33 12. Legal opinion on the partibility of Royal Estates .. ... ... ... 34-38 13. Verse by Jadunath Pandit ... ... 39 14. Legal opinion on succession obtained by Rani Sukhan of Buriya ... ... ... 40-41 ix X CONTENTS TEXT (contd.) PAGE * 15. Nekaram Sharma's letter to Macnaghten .., 42 16. Kenaram Sharma to Macnaghten... 43 17. Kenaram Sharma to Macnaghten ... 44 18. Legal opinion enclosed with a petition from 45 Shastri and . Ambaram Lakshmi Bayi . ... 19. Legal opinion of Benares Pandits on Charkhari .. ... 46-47 Succession ... 20. Rana Shardar Singh of Udaipur to Panditaraja Sri Ranganatha of Nepal ... ... 48 21. Rana Shardar Singh of Udaipur to Maharaja Rajendra Sri Vikrama Shah of Nepal ... 49 22. Verse by Jadunatha Pandita 50 23. Legal opinion enclosed with a petition from Tai Sahiba and Baya Sahiba ... 51-52 24. Petition of Visvanath Dikshit to Lord Dalho- usie ... ... ... ... 53-58 25. Legal texts cited by Murari of Gurudaspur ... 59 ENGLISH TRANSLATION Document 1 ... ... ... 61-65 2 66-74 Document ... ... ... *\ Document DR.RUPNATHJI(3 ... ...DR.RUPAK NATH... ) ... 75-79 Document 4 ... ... ... ... 80 Document 5 ... ... ... 81-84 Document 6 ... ... ... ... 85-87 Document 7 ... ... ... ... 88 Document 8 ... .. ... 89 Document 9 ... .., ... ... 90-92 Document 10 ... ... ... ... 93 11 94-97 Document ,. ... ... CONTENTS xl ENGLISH TRANSLATION (contd.) PAGE Document 12 ... .., ... _ 98-103 Document 13 ... ... .. 104 ... Document 14 ... ... ... 105-107 Document 15 .. ... _ 108 Document 16 .. ... ... 109 Document 17 ... .. 110 <.. Document 18 ... ... 111-112 ... Document 19 ... 113-115 Document 20 ... ... ... ... 116 > Document 21 ... ... ... ._ 117 , ... Document 22 ... ... ... H8 ... Document 23 . ... .119-120 Document 24 ... ... ... ...121-125 Document 25 ... ... ... 126 NOTES ... ... ... ...127-161 AUTHORITIES CONSULTED 162-171 INDEX TO THE TEXT ... ...173-181 - GENERAL INDEX ., 183-206 FACSIMILES OF THE DOCUMENTS No. ... 1 99 99 > 99 99 )> 7 DR.RUPNATHJI( DR.RUPAK NATH ) 99 39 99 9 ^ J. DR.RUPNATHJI( DR.RUPAK NATH ) INTRODUCTION THE Sanskrit papers collected here are of diverse date and character. They do not belong to any particular series. Only two letters fall under the category of diplomatic correspondence, four documents may be described as memoranda and compliment- ary letters, there are several petitions from people in distress and difficulty, two laudatory verses testify to the literary skill .of their authors and in a solitary case we come across an inaccurate copy of the Sanslyrit legend on a silver coin issued by Yashavant Rao Holkar. The largest group consists of eight vyavasthapatras or discourses on controversial questions of Hindu law. Unlike the other paper the vyavasthapalras have one common characteristic, for they invariably try to give an authoritative exposition of Hindu law of inheritance although the points at issue often vary and the parties affected range from ruling princes and rich zemindars to Brahman stipendiaries and village priests. Obviously it is impossible to weave a single yarn out of such heterogenous materials. Yet individual documents are neither unimportant nor uninteresting. Each of them must therefore be studied with reference to its own context. Apart from their historical value these documents have a special interest for us as they are composed in a language known only to the learned few. We do not propose to discuss here whether SanskritDR.RUPNATHJI(was ever DR.RUPAKa spoken NATHlanguage. ) That it served as a linguafranca for the people of India long after it had ceased to be a living language cannot be gainsaid. Hindu princes belonging to different parts of the country and speaking different vernaculars found in Sanskrit a suitable and convenient medium for diplomatic correspondence^ in the last decades of the seventeenth century and donatory grants and inscriptions still continued to be made in the language which seems to have gained in sanctity by lapse of time. These documents go a long way to prove, if any proof is needed, that Sanskrit still Served to furnish a linguistic bond among the Hindus of India, 2 INTRODUCTION The first in date is not necessarily the first in importance and we may begin with a couple of memoranda concerning one of the early builders of the British empire in India and one of the most notable cases of impeachment known to British history. MEMORANDA AND ADDRESSES Tivo Sanskrt Memoranda of 1787 (Documents 2-3) A masterful person was Warren Hastings. Intent on having his own way in everything he rode roughshod over all opposition, reasonable or perverse. It is needless to say that he was not always right, nor did he receive impartial justice* from contemporary critics in every instance. His autocratic methods, fully justified as they were by success, naturally made many enemies who, thwarted in India, carried their propaganda at home to the greater prejudice of their powerful opponent's interests and Hastings found himself impeached for his alleged misdemeanours after his return to England. His strong rule however had won for him the goodwill and admiration of many Indians, and they hastened to testify to the great qualities of the illustrious proconsul when the news reached this country. Four testimonials about Hastings's solicitude for the welfare of the Company's subjects came fiom Benares alone. The first of these bore two hundred and seventy-seven seals of the notables of the holy city including the Maharaja and attested to the 1 uncommon prudence, rectitude, ability, understanding, ana of was courtesy Hastings.DR.RUPNATHJI(This memorandum DR.RUPAK NATHevidently ) drawn up in Persian, the language of the elegant and the elite. The fourth memorandum was in Hindustani written in Gujarati character and gave expression to the high esteem in which Hastings was held by the rich bankers of "the New Putty quarters" and the wealthy merchants of Benares. The second and third testimonials are reproduced in the present volume. They bore numerous signatures and referred in general terms to what Hastings had done to earn public gratitude. The 178 signatories of one memorandum came from the were distant provinces pf Maharashtra and Gujarat and officially TWO SANSKRIT MEMORANDA $ described as "Pandits of Maharashtra and Nagara and other Brahmans at Benares ". The 112 subscribers of the other testimonial are inaccurately alluded to as Bengal Pandits. The names leave no doubt that all of them did not come from Bengal nor was every one of these signatories a Brahman by caste and all the Brahmans who came forward to record their testimony in Hastings's favour could not claim to be Sanskrit scholars. Mannu Dicchit (Dikshit) Ramanath Dicchit (Dikshit) and Ausan Misra are not Bengali names and probably belonged to the adjoining province of Bihar historically associated with the bigger and more important Suba.
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