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GEM Program Document Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Program (GEM) The GEM Program Document July 9, 2002 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The primary authors of the GEM Program Document are Molly McCammon, Phil Mundy, and Bob Spies. Editors for the document were Molly McCammon, Phil Mundy, Katharine Miller, and Bob Walker. Thanks to Bob Spies and Judy Griffin for editorial work on earlier versions. Cherri Womac has been instrumental in proofing and formatting the entire document. Credit goes to the scientific and technical authors of the following portions: Chapters 2 and 6 – Phil Mundy and Bob Spies; Chapter 7 – Ted Cooney, Jim Bodkin, Anne Hollowed, Lloyd Lowry, Phil Mundy, Peter Olsson, Charles Peterson, Bob Spies, Alan Springer, Tom Weingartner, Jim Richardson and Gregg Erickson; Chapter 8 - Gretchen Oosterhout; Chapter 9 – Charles Falkenberg; Appendix B – Bob Spies; Appendix C – Geoff Shester; Appendix D – Joe Sullivan, Dede Bohn, Veronica Christman, Sandra Schubert, and Phil Mundy; Appendix E – Kerim Ayden; Appendix F - Michael H. Martin; Appendix G – Phil Mundy and Cherri Womac; Appendix H – Bob Spies. A special appreciation goes to the National Research Council’s Committee to Review the Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem Monitoring Program: Michael Roman, Chair, Don Bowen, Andria A. Elskus, John J. Goering, George Hunt, Seth Macinko, Donal Manahan, Brenda Norcross, J. Steven Picou, Thomas C. Royer, Jennifer Ruesink, and Karl Turekian. The committee was ably staffed by Chris Elfring, David Policansky and Ann Carlisle. Many people made material or intellectual contributions to the GEM Program Document. Because the number of contributors and advisors is so large, we apologize if we inadvertently left your name off this list. The efforts of the following are gratefully acknowledged: Alisa Abookire, Ken Adams, Vera Alexander, Fred Allendorf, Paul Anderson, Peter Armato, Shannon Atkinson, Jim Ayres, Michael Baffrey; Torie Baker, Kris Balliet, Hal Batchelder, Bill Bechtol, Catherine Berg, Brock Bernstein, Chris Blackburn, Jim Blackburn, John Blaha, Jim Bodkin, Dede Bohn, James Brady, Stephen Braund, Evelyn Brown, Patty Brown-Schwalenberg, Al Burch, Vern Byrd, Robin Carlson, Robert Clark, Dave Cobb, Ken Coyle, Ted Cooney, Seth Danielson, Tom Dean, Robert DeVelice, Jane DiCosimo, Gary Drew, Janet Duffy-Anderson, Doug Eggers, Dave Eslinger, Gary Fandrei, Bob Foy, Steve Frenzel, Carol Fries, Fritz Funk, Dan Gillikin, David Goldstein, Andy Gunther, Gary Gury, Ed Harrison, Bill Hauser, Robert Henrichs, Ken Holbrook, Anne Hollowed, Brett Huber, Gary Hufford, Charlie Hughey, Dan Hull, Joe Hunt, Henry Huntington, Steve Ignell, David Irons, Lisa Ka’aihue, Tom Kline, Gary Kompkoff, Jan Konigsberg, Gordon Kruse, Kathy Kuletz, Pat Lavin, Pat Livingston, Lloyd Lowry, Allen Macklin, Tom Malone, Suzanne Marcy, Richard Marasco, Michael H. Martin, Paul McCollum, Walter Meganack, Jr., Jennifer Nielsen, Gordon Nelson, Pat Norman, Phil North, Worth Nowlin, Peter Q. Olsson, JULY 2002 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS GULF ECOSYSTEM MONITORING AND RESEARCH PROGRAM Gretchen Oosterhout, Ted Otis, Paul Panamarioff, Kent Patrick-Riley, Charles Peterson, John Piatt, Josie Quintrell, Terry Reed, Bud Rice, Stanley Rice, Evan Richert, Monica Riedel, George Rose, Dave Roseneau, Susan Saupe, Andy Schmidt, Carl Schoch, Sandra Schubert, Marianne See, Stan Senner, Bob Shavelson, Hugh Short, Jeff Short, Claudia Slater, Bob Small, Alan Springer, Stacy Studebaker, Arliss Sturgulewski, Joe Sullivan, Kevin Summers, Gary Thomas, Glenn VanBlaricom, Shari Vaughan, Gale Vicki, Jia Wang, Sarah Ward, Tom Weingartner, Steve Weisberg, David Welch, Kent Wohl, Bruce Wright, and Kate Wynne. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS JULY 2002 ACRONYMS AND TERMS MOST FREQUENTLY USED ACC: Alaska Coastal Current ADEC: Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation ADF&G: Alaska Department of Fish & Game Aleutian Low: Aleutian Low Pressure System ANHSC: Alaska Native Harbor Seal Commission ARLIS: Alaska Resources Library and Information Services ARMRP: Alaska Regional Marine Research Plan APEX: The Alaska Predator Ecosystem Experiment CARTs: classification and regression trees CPR: Continuous Plankton Recorder CPUE: catch per unit effort CRRC: Chugach Regional Resource Commission DDT: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ENSO: El Niño Southern Oscillation EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ESA: Endangered Species Act FGDC: Federal Geographic Data Committee FOCI : Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations ftp: file transfer protocol GAK1: Gulf of Alaska station 1 located at the mouth of Resurrection Bay (60 N, 149 W) GEM: Gulf of Alaska Monitoring and Research Program GIS: Geographic Information System GLOBEC: Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics GLOBEC NPZ: nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton GOA: Gulf of Alaska IOC: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission JULY 2002 ACRONYMS GULF ECOSYSTEM MONITORING AND RESEARCH PROGRAM KBNERR: Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve LIDAR : light detection and ranging MMPA: Marine Mammal Protection Act MODIS: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NEP: National Estuary Program NMFS : National Marine Fisheries Service NMML: NMFS National Marine Mammal Laboratory NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NODC: National Ocean Data Center NPAFC: North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission NPI: North Pacific Index NRC: National Research Council NVP: The Nearshore Vertebrate Predator Project OCC: Ocean Carrying Capacity PAC: Public Advisory Committee PAG: Public Advisory Group PCB: polychlorinated biphenyls PDO: Pacific Decadal Oscillation PWS: Prince William Sound PWSAC: Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation PWS-SEK: Prince William Sound-Southeast Kenai QC: quality control SCOR: Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research SDRs: satellite-linked depth recorders SEA: The Sound Ecosystem Assessment SeaWiFS: Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor SOIREE: Southern Ocean Iron Release Experiment STAC: Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee ACRONYMS JULY 2002 GULF ECOSYSTEM MONITORING AND RESEARCH PROGRAM TEK: Traditional Ecological Knowledge Trustee Council: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council USFS: U.S. Forest Service USFWS: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS: U.S. Geological Survey WDFW: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WKP: Western Kenai Peninsula WMS: Open GIS Consortium’s Web Mapping Server JULY 2002 ACRONYMS GULF ECOSYSTEM MONITORING AND RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRONYMS JULY 2002 OVERVIEW OF THE GEM DOCUMENT The Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem Monitoring and Research (GEM) Program document describes the basic monitoring and research program and the scientific background behind the development of essential program components. Chapters 1 through 5 explain the basic motivations for the program, conceptual foundation, tools and strategies for achieving program goals, and program implementation and management. Chapters 6 through 9 present the factual basis for the program including detailed descriptions of two important components of the program: 1) modeling (Chapter 8) and 2) data management and information transfer (Chapter 9). Table O.1 identifies the question addressed by each chapter and the products provided. Table O.1 Contents of the GEM Program Document Title Chapter Question Addressed Products 1 Vision Mission and goals Why do this and what do we hope to Geographic scope, funding and governance achieve? 2 Conceptual Foundation Central hypothesis How do we think the ecosystem works? Habitat types and time-space scales 3 Tools and Strategies Tools: Gap Analysis, Synthesis, Research, Monitoring, Modeling, and Data What information do we need and how Management do we get it? Strategies: Community Involvement and Traditional Knowledge, and Resource Management Applicability 4 Program Implementation Potential questions by habitat type Where are we going to start and how Program implementation and partnering will we proceed? (This chapter is expected to change over time.) 5 Program Management Program administration What are the processes and policies for Roles and responsibilities of the GEM monitoring and research? components 6 Introduction to the Scientific Leading hypotheses in marine ecosystems Background Principal ecological concepts and theories What are the theories and principles on which the conceptual foundation is based? JULY 2002 OVERVIEW i GULF ECOSYSTEM MONITORING AND RESEARCH PROGRAM Table O.1 Contents of the GEM Program Document Title Chapter Question Addressed Products 7 Scientific Background: Physics, Biology, Overview of physical, chemical, and Human Uses and Economics biological characteristics of the Gulf of Alaska Comprehensive review of the current state of scientific knowledge of Gulf of Status of non-human populations, predators, Alaska ecosystems and prey Status of human activities and socio­ economics in the GOA 8 Modeling Modeling definitions and options for program implementation What is the role of modeling in GEM? 9 Data Management and Information Data management and information transfer Transfer options for program implementation What are the roles of data management and information transfer in GEM implementation? A Acronyms and Web links B Recovery Status of Injured Resources C EVOS Tribal and Community Involvement D GEM Database E Glossary of Existing Agency Programs and Projects F North Pacific Models of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center and Other Selected Organizations G Fish And Invertebrate Species From 1996 NMFS Trawl Survey Of The Gulf Of Alaska H Collected Research Questions ii OVERVIEW
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