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Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras Et Podagrosites (Grammoceratinae, Ammonitina) Du Toarcien Supérieur Dans La Région Du Balkan (Bulgarie)

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Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras Et Podagrosites (Grammoceratinae, Ammonitina) Du Toarcien Supérieur Dans La Région Du Balkan (Bulgarie) GEOLOGICA BALCANICA, 32.2-4, Sofia, Decemb. 2002, p. 165-189 Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras et Podagrosites (Grammoceratinae, Ammonitina) du Toarcien supérieur dans la région du Balkan (Bulgarie). Taxonomie et biostratigraphie Ljubomir Metodiev Geological lnstitute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, e-mail: [email protected] (Received 07. 06. 2002: acceptée! 10. 06. 2002) JI. Методиев — Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras и Abstract. This paper présents the results of taxonomie and Podagrosites (Grammoceratinae, Ammonitina) с верхнего biostratigraphic investigations on the UpperToarcian am­ moapa Балканского региона (Болгария). Таксономия и monite généra Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras and биостратиграфия. Настоящая работа посвящена Podagrosites, derived from the Ozirovo Formation in the таксономическому и биостратиграфическому изучению Western and Central Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria). It is верхнстоарских аммонитных родов Grammoceras, Pseu­ based on the re-examination of almost ail of old Bulgarian dogrammoceras и Podagrosites, происходящих с отложе­ material, collected from the middle of the 40s to the end ний Озировскдй свиты Западного и Центрального of 60s of last century, as well as on the ammonites ob- Балкана Болгарии. Материалом для данной работы tained by the author in some new localities in course of the послужила коллекция аммонитов, собранная с средины last few years. 23 taxa of species group of these three gén­ 40'ш до конца 60'ш годов прошлого столетия, à также éra are described and figured. The Grammoceras tHouar­ екземпляры коллекционированные автора в течение sense, Pseudogrammoceras mediterraneum and Pseudo­ последных нескольков лет. Описаны и фигурираны были grammoceras fallaciosum ammonite Biozones are descri­ 23 таксоны видовой группы с исследованых аммонитных bed and compared to their contemporaneous équivalents родов. Аммонитные биозоны Grammoceras thouarsense, of the zonal scheme proposed for the Toarcian by Frcnch Pseudogrammoceras mediterrareum and Pseudogrammoceras Jurassic Working Group (Elmi, Rulleau, Gabilly & fallaciosum были характеризированы и сопоставлены с их Mouterde, 1997). сдновозрастовых сквивалентов зональной схемы Тоарского яруса Француской Работной Группы по Юрской системы (Elmi, Rulleau, Gabilly & Mouterde, 1997). Metodiev, L. 2002. Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras et Podagrosites (Grammoceratinae, Ammonitina) du Toarcien supérieur dans la région du Balkan (Bulgarie). Taxonomie et biostratigraphie. — Geologica Baie., 32, 2-4; 165- 189. Key words: Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras, Podagrosites, Upper Toarcian, biostratigraphy, taxonomy. Introduction monograph on the Inferior Oolite ammonites of The British Islands” a publié entre 1889 et 1904 Les Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras et un abondant matériel anglais, sur lequel il a Podagrosites ont déjà fait l’objet de nombreux défini certains taxons spécifiques. En 1973, travaux en Allemagne, en Angleterre, en France Guex a créé le genre Podagrosites sur un et en Espagne. Us ont d’abord été étudiés au matériel français. Dans son travail fort impor­ niveau spécifique sur les matériaux en prov­ tant Gabilly (1976) a décrit avec précision les enance des gisements les plus anciennement faunes de la région du stratotype du Toarcien connus. Les coupes en Allemagne ont fourni et a refiguré photographiquement certains certains types décrits par A. Denckmann exemplaires originaux. Plus récemment Gar­ (1887). S. S. Buckman dans son remarquable “A cia-Gômez et Rivas (1980) ont publiés des 165 Pseudogrammoceras très intéressants de la pyriteuses et localement riches en ooïdes région des Cordillières bétiques en Espagne. chloritiques, alternant avec des calcaires argi­ Rulleau (1993) a fait une synthèse importante leux ou micritiques. Les affleurements plus sur l’évolution de Grammoceratinae en se externes sont représentés par des calcaires basant sur un très bon matériel provenant de la granuleux, gris ou jaune-ocre à rouges, parti­ région lyonnaise. ellement ferrugineux. Dans les coupes s’obser­ Les Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras et vent souvent des discontinuités et des condensa­ Podagrosites n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’une étude tions. Les niveaux fossilifères ont en générale spécialisée en Bulgarie. Seulement quelques seulement quelques centimètres d’épaisseur et exemplaires ont été décrits ou figurés dans les faunes sont souvent mélangées. Plus rare­ quelques travaux bulgares (Кереков, 1951; Са­ ment les populations d'ammonites sont déve­ пунов, Начев, 1959; Енчева, 1960; Сапунов, loppées dans des intervalles dépassant un 1968). Les recherches récentes sur des nou­ mètre. Mais malgré le caractère des sédiments il veaux gisements dans le Balkan occidental et est possible de suivre le développement vertical central, et la révision des matériaux plus anciens des associations ammonitiques et d'en déduire ont amené à reconsidérer la composition spé­ une échelle zonale. cifique de ces toris genres. Le présent travail a En Bulgarie est acceptée la division binaire du pour but de réviser, décrire et figurer les spé­ Toarcien en deux sous-étages. Introduisant en cimens les plus caracéristiques et importants. 1968 ce schéma, Sapunov a proposé pour le L’étude des populations bulgares apportera des Toarcien supérieur une succession de cinq précisions sur la variabilité des genres et leur zones, parmi lesquelles la deuxième est la zone répartition géographique. à Thouarsense. Cette division, utilisée déjà plus Les résultats taxonomiques dans cette étude de 30 ans, a été suivie dans quelques travaux font partie de la thèse de doctorat de l’auteur, antérieurs (Metodiev, 1997; Metodiev & Sapu­ mais en ce qui concerne les conclusions biostra- nov, 1999) et elle ne sera pas changée ici. Mais tigraphiques, ce travail présente des change­ en ce qui concerne la zone à Thouarsense il est ments et modifications importants, dues des nécessaire de faire quelques modifications, par nouvelles données, obtenues récemment. rapport à son extension verticale et sa composi­ Remerciements. Je suis très reconnaissant à M. le tion spécifique. Jusqu’à nos jours en Bulgarie Professeur Serge Elmi et M. le Docteur Louis Rulleau prédominait l’opinion que les Pseudogram­ (Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon) pour les notes cri­ moceras apparaissent plus tard que les Gram­ tiques sur le manuscrit de cette étude. Je dois aussi aux moceras. C’était parse que certains Pseudo­ chercheurs qui m’ont ouvert leur collections: à M. le grammoceras comme P. muelleri (Denckmann) Professeur Ivo Sapunov (Institut Géologique, Sofia), ainsi qu'a M. le Professeur Sava Juranov (Université de Sofia). et P. explicalum Buckman avaient été classés Ma reconnaissance s’adresse également à mon collègue et dans le genre Grammoceras, alors que des excellent ami Alexandre Radoulov qui était très aimable spécimens appartenant en réalité aux espèces de m’aider dans mes travaux sur le terrain. Cet ouvrage a Pseudogrammoceras struckmanni (Denck­ été réalisé dans l’exercice du projet № 1005/00, supporté mann) et Pseudogrammoceras bingmanni par le Fonds National des Recherches Scientifiques du Ministère de l’Education et de la Science, Bulgarie. (Denckmann) avaient été interprétés comme Pseudogrammoceras fallaciosum (Bayle). Cer­ tains P. fallaciosum ont alors été considérés Lithologie et gisements. Remarques comme P. struckmanni. C’était la raison pour biostratigraphiques laquelle la zone à Thouarsense avait été divisée en deux sous-zones supposées: une sous-zone Les faunes qui sont l’objet du présent travail inférieure, incluant seulement des Grammo­ proviennent de 26 gisements, situés dans le ceras et une sous-zone supérieure, renfermant Balkan occidental et central en Bulgarie (fig. 1), uniquement des Pseudogrammoceras. En sup­ qui font partie d’une succession épicontinentale posant que cette interprétation biostratigra- sédimentaire de lithologie et d’épaisseur extrê­ phique soit correcte, il faudrait poser la ques­ mement variées, connue dans la littérature tion pourquoi ces associations fauniques di­ bulgare comme la Formation d’Ozirovo. Cette stinctes sont unifiées dans une même zone, bien succession affleure dans quelques bandes que la répartition verticale des Grammoceras et étroites, répandues de la frontière avec la Serbie spécialement celle de l’espèce-indice ne couvre de l’ouest, approximativement au pied du que la sous-zone inférieure. Il aurait été plus sommet de Botev à l’est. Dans les affleurements logique de les séparer dans des unités zonales plus internes la Formation d’Ozirovo est différentes et de réduire l’extension de la zone à constituée par des marnes grises, partiellement Thouarsense. 166 Légende des localités ©1-14 localités publiées; ©15-22 localités non publiées; • 23 -26 localités signalées pour la première fois I - Ginlsi (Сапунов. Начев, 1959; Сапунов. Чумаченко, Шопов, 1976); 2 ,3 - Teteven (Сапунов, 1959; Сапунов. 1968); 4-Lcdenika (Sapunov, Tchoumatchenko & Shopov, 1994); 5- Komshtitsa (Сапунов, Чумаченко, Шопов, 1%7); 6 - Cîorno Ozirovo (Сапунов, 1968; Sapunov. Tchoumatchenko & Shopov. 1994); 7- Ncshkovtsi (Керсков. 1953; Сапунов, 1968; Sapunov. Tchoumatchenko & Shopov. 1996); 8 - Shipkovo (Сапунов. 1968; Sapunov. Tchoumatchenko & Shopov. 1996); 9 - Slivnitsa (Сапунов. Чумаченко. Шопов. 1976; Tzankov & Sapunov. 1971); 10 - Ik'ledie Han (Сапунов. Чумаченко. Шопов. 1976); 11 - Dragovishtitsa (Сапунов. Чумаченко. Шопов, 1976); 12 - Ambaritsa. 13 - Brousovetc (Sapunov. Tchoumatchenko & Shopov. 1996); 14 - Brezc (Mctodiev. 1997). 15 - Chepurlyantsi; 16-Ponor; 17 - Krcmikovtsi; 18-Bov;
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