State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II - Criterion (I). Artistically unique because of its spatial design, the Campo dei Miracoli contains four ITALY absolute architectural masterpieces: the Cathedral, the baptistery, the campanile and the Campo Piazza del Duomo, Pisa Santo. Within these monuments are such world- renowned art treasures as the bronze and mosaic doors of the cathedral, the pulpits in the baptistery Brief description and cathedral, the frescoes of the Campo Santo, Standing in a large green expanse, Piazza del and many others. Duomo houses a group of monuments known the - Criterion (II). The monuments of the Campo del world over. These four masterpieces of medieval Miracoli considerably influenced the development of architecture – the cathedral, the baptistery, the architecture and monumental arts at two different campanile (the 'Leaning Tower') and the cemetery times in history. – had a great influence on monumental art in Italy from the 11th to the 14th century. 1) First, from the 11th century up to 1284, during the epitome of Pisa's prosperity, a new type of church characterized by the refinement of 1. Introduction polychrome architecture and the use of loggias was established. The Pisan style that first appeared with Year(s) of Inscription 1987 the Cathedral can be found elsewhere in Tuscany Agency responsible for site management (notably at Lucques and Pistoia), but also within the Pisan maritime territory, as shown in more humble • Opera Primaziale Pisana form by the "pieve" in Sardegna and Corsica. Piazza Duomo 17 56100 Piza 2) Later, during the 14th century, architecture In Tuscany, Italy Tuscany was dominated by the monumental style E-mail: [email protected] of Giovanni Pisano (who sculpted the pulpit of the Website: www.opapiza.it Cathedral between 1302 and 1311), a new era of pictorial art -the Trecento- was ushered in after the epidemic of the black death (Triumph of Death, a 2. Statement of Significance fresco by Francesco Traini at the Campo Santo, c. Inscription Criteria C (i), (ii), (iv), (vi) 1350). - Criterion (IV). The group of monuments of the Justification provided by the State Party Campo dei Miracoli, composed of typical religious buildings constructed for distinct and specific La place doit être considérée comme un bien functions, constitutes an outstanding example of culturel de valeur universelle et exceptionnelle, medieval Christian architecture. puisque les œuvres d'art qu'elle contient sont des témoignages uniques en leur genre de l'esprit - Criterion (VI). It was at the Cathedral of Pisa that créateur de l'homme entre le XIe et le XIVe siècle. Galileo Galilee (1564-1642), observing the Ses monuments ont eu une telle importance dans oscillations of the bronze chandelier created by l'histoire de l'architecture médiévale qu'ils sont Battista Lorenzi, discovered at the age of 19 the devenus des points de repère pour l'étude du style theory of isochronisms of small oscillations, a « roman pisan ». De surcroît, le Campo Santo, prelude to his pioneering work on dynamics. From avec ses cycles de fresques est un édifice unique the top of the campanile, he conducted experiments au monde par sa typologie et son utilisation et which led him to formulate the laws governing s'avère un point de repère fondamental pour falling bodies. Two of the principal buildings of the l'histoire de la peinture médiévale italienne entre le Campo dei Miracoli are thus directly and tangibly XIVe et le XVe siècle. associated with a decisive stage in the history of physical sciences. As provided in ICOMOS evaluation Committee Decision ICOMOS shall confine itself to recommending that the group of monuments of the Campo del Miracoli The Committee made no statement. in Pisa be included on the World Heritage List on the basis of criteria (i), (ii), (iv) and (vi). State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II • Statement of significance does not adequately understanding and enjoyment of the defines the outstanding universal value of the monumental assets; street trade is forbidden, in site the forms laid down by the law • Proposal for text has been made by State Party: Status of Authenticity/Integrity to use the Outstanding Universal Value, as • World Heritage site values have been defined by the advisory Body in its evaluation maintained • Additional change proposed by State Party: change of the name of the site to: Piazza del 3. Protection Duomo or Piazza dei Miracoli (not Campo) Legislative and Administrative Arrangements Boundaries and Buffer Zone • Ronchey Decree 1992, as converted into Act • Status of boundaries of the site: inadequate. 1993. In the structural plan approved by • The site perimeter is identified by two historical resolution of the Municipal Council in 1998 buildings that bound it: the Bishop’s Palace and Piazza del Duomo is subject to a restriction the former Ospedale della Misericordia. pursuant to Ministerial Decree 1957 due to the Although the latter lies within the limits of the declaration of public interest of all green areas site area, it is not mentioned in the explanation inside the city walls. In addition, as is known, of the application. The same applies to the the area is also subject to an archaeological Palazzo dell' Opera, which houses the restriction of 1939 and following, Consolidation premises of our board and closes the Act. The sites of UNESCO architectural interest prospective of the area and the Museo dell' - Piazza dei Miracoli area - are marked in the Opera del Duomo. In particular, the latter, city plan as A, B, C, i.e.: -A: ordinary which currently houses masterpieces of maintenance -B: extraordinary maintenance -C: sculpture, painting, graphics and inlays from the restoration and conservative reclamation As to monuments of Piazza del Duomo di Pisa, at the their intended use, the above-mentioned sites time of the application was placed within the of architectural interest are marked as “urban perimeter but not mentioned in the explanation. facilities” and in particular the Monumental As to defining the site area of Piazza del Cemetery is considered acting as a Museum. Duomo, it is the extremely important the role As to the lawn areas, they are marked in the played by the Bishop’s Palace as an same Plan as “gardens of historical, intersection of roads for access to the site, architectural or natural value”: the city planning connected in perspective with the square itself regulations put them in the class value A, as a privileged viewpoint to look at its “Preservation area”, which rules that their masterpieces design and all historical parts be preserved • No buffer zone has been defined. • The protection arrangements are considered • The site lies within the historical centre of Piza highly effective and therefore it is restricted by the applicable regulations on city centres and by the city planning regulations, which only allow for the 4. Management preservation, restoration and reclamation of Use of site/property historical areas, insofar as consistent with the • Visitor attraction, religious use overall improvement of the city, and also by the prescriptions of the Listed Buildings Sections of Management /Administrative Body the Soprintendenza, for which all and any plan • Steering group was set up in 01/01/1063; regarding monumental assets must be Opera della Primaziale Pisana; The Opera is submitted for authorisation. In addition, the site, run by the Deputation (Board of Directors) is defined by the Ronchey Decree in the which is composed of seven members: they are following sites of interest: Cathedral, Baptistery, appointed for three years, two by the Diocesan Cemetery, Belfry, the Lawn of the Cathedral, Ordinary and five by the Ministry of Internal Museo dell’Opera, Palazzo dell’Opera, Bishop’s Affairs. Legally constituted Palace, are subject to the following restrictions: • The Opera della Primaziale Pisana pursues installation of permanent or temporary exclusively social solidarity purposes, in the structures; traffic and parking of cars and motor following areas: a) care, protection, vehicles, except emergency or police vehicles; preservation and maintenance, promotion of shows, events and exhibitions which might the image and development, by taking care in even temporarily interfere with the full particular: 1) of the administration, maintenance, State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II preservation and restoration of the property and Rate of access to adequate professional staff temporary assets intended for the above; 2) of across the following disciplines: purchasing and maintaining the furnishings, • Very good: conservation, management, furniture and equipment b) of promoting the promotion knowledge of history and art in all their forms • Good: education and cultural manifestations, as referred to the • Average: interpretation, visitor management monumental complex and the other assets under its jurisdiction 8. Sources of Expertise and Training in • Management under protective legislation; under contractual agreement between the State Party Conservation and Management and a third party Techniques • Site manager with responsibilities added to an • Permanent and temporary staff of the board: existing job Preservation: -Technical manager; -Restoration • Levels of public authority who are primarily assistant; Management: Direction Secretary; involved with the management of the site: Technical manager; Secretariat ; Supplies national; regional; local officer; Accounting