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Traumatic Spaces and Psychological Loss in the Vegetarian by Han Kang. Abstract

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Traumatic Spaces and Psychological Loss in the Vegetarian by Han Kang. Abstract JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 Traumatic Spaces and Psychological Loss in The Vegetarian by Han Kang. Neha N S MA English Madras Christian College, Chennai Email:[email protected] Phone:9048777172 Abstract Trauma Studies in literary theory was introduced with the publication of Cathy Caruth'sUnclaimed Experience, Trauma, Narrative and History (1996) and Kali Tal's Worlds of Hurt: Reading the Literatures of Trauma(1996). Trauma is considered to be an unsolvable problem of the unconscious affected by many reasons like serious accidents, natural disasters, war, terrorism and even the loss of a loved one which later creates inherent contradictions of experience, memory and language. The theory is relevant and should be explored in a more contemporary way because the concept of trauma is filled with contradictory theories and there are several ways to classify different approaches to trauma. Han Kang is a South Korean novelist. Her novelThe Vegetarian (2015) deals with the life of YoengHye, a melancholy house wife who stopped eating meat after having a series of dreams. The after effects of her negligence of eating meat and the alienation she got suffered from the Korean society which is largely a meat eating society are discussed here. This paper focuses on the episodes of trauma, its resolution and the possibilities of survival in reference to the Volume XIII Issue II FEBRUARY 2020 Page No: 736 JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 psychological loss of the female protagonist and other characters presented in this novel. It even analyses how the immediate changes as a vegetarian shows the impact of trauma and how it leads to several eating disorders. Her detachment from the people, incidents of childhood trauma and the episodes of traumatic nightmares are studied here. Key words; Trauma, Childhood Trauma, Memory, Eating disorders, flashback, nightmares. Volume XIII Issue II FEBRUARY 2020 Page No: 737 JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 Representation of trauma in fiction is an example of a narrative method. The speciality of such a narrative method is to help to understand how writers make textual material and how it engages readers mental states and intuition. The main focus of trauma in contemporary fiction is to struggle with memory and avoidance that characters suffering. The classic model of trauma theory engages with the conflict between experience and language. However, Narrative method goes beyond the classic model far better because of text engages more sharply to the reader in a range of senses. The vegetarian is a South Korean novel in which the instances of trauma have been narrated through the life of the female protagonist. It deals with the story of YoengHye who starts to avoid all the meat products after having a series of torturing dreams to become vegetarian and the way she has been isolated from the society. At the later part of the novel author gives an account of childhood episode where YoengHye witnessed a crime which contributes largely on her traumatic behaviour. Being a victim of major trauma her survival is not directly explained and therefore questionable in the conclusion. The narration takes place in the point of view of the characters, YoengHye‟s husband, brother in law and sister. They give a detailed account of the incidents and details of the protagonist on her immediate change. Han Kang intentionally uses such a narration to ensure the detailed description on the behaviour and problems of the protagonist which traces the reason behind such a drastic change. The author gives an account of one of those incidents with YoengHye which happened in her childhood. It talks about a dog, that soaks its teeth into her leg, got chained up to her father‟s motorcycle. She was nine years old at that time. Her father said that he heard somewhere that Volume XIII Issue II FEBRUARY 2020 Page No: 738 JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 driving a dog to keep running until the point of death is considered as a milder punishment. The motorcycle engine was started and father begins to drive in a circle. The dog runs along behind. Two laps, three laps, they circle around. YoengHye watched the whitey, eyes rolling and grasping for breath, gradually exhaust himself. Once it has gone five laps, the dog was frothing at the mouth. Blood drips from its throat, which is being chocked with the rope. Constantly groaning through its damaged throat, the dog is dragged along the ground. At six laps, the dog vomited blackish red blood, trickling from its mouth and open throat. As blood and froth mixed together, YoengHye stood stiffly upright and stared at those two glittering eyes. At seven laps, and waiting for the dog to come into view, father looks behind and sees that it is in fact dangling limply from the motorcycle. YoengHye looked at the dog‟s four legs, its raises eyelids, the blood and water in its dead eyes. She then remembers the feast which arranged in her house at that same evening. All the middle aged man from the market came, and everyone her father considered worth knowing. The saying went that for a wound caused by a dog bite to heal one should have to eat that same dog and she did scoop up a mouthful for herself. The smell of burnt flesh, which the perilla seeds couldn‟t wholly mask, pricked her nose at that moment. She remembered the dog, its two eyes that had watched her, while the dog was made to run on, while it vomited blood mixed with froth and how later they had seemed to appear, flickering on the surface of the soup. But she didn‟t care for it. This particular incident affects her very deeply. Even though, the incident happened a long years back, when she was nine years old. But these long years she didn‟t recollect all these things. But her helplessness for that poor animal does penetrate into her subconscious mind. The image of the dog which was looking at her in a pathetic condition remains within herself. She didn‟t do anything for that dog but directly looked at it. All these years, she keeps the incident in her subconscious mind, without reminding about them. Volume XIII Issue II FEBRUARY 2020 Page No: 739 JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 It is not necessary for people to react immediately to the events which should evoke grief and trauma. They hold on themselves or may forget about it sometimes. But at certain conditions they are reminded of the incidents through peoples, situations or things which relate or connect to the incident. Here YoengHye abandons meat because internally she has this indirect effect of the childhood incident which has been haunting since she was nine years old. As trauma theorists explain, trauma that occurs in childhood can bring many different experiences. Trauma that occurs in childhood can disrupt a child‟s formation of secure attachments, which are important for survival and contribute to the development of meaningful, rusting relationships in adulthood (Etherington 26.) But it indirectly effects the life of YoengHye through the dream in which it is included the elements of blood, animal, eyes etc. It was such a violent dream that came out of the hidden feelings of guilt, kindness and helplessness towards the dog. That particular incident which happened years back effected indirectly throughout her life and these feelings in the form of a violent dream started to haunt her. The feelings of guilt and regret might have come out of her mind suddenly after having this dream, and all these feelings towards the animal, towards all animals, might have led her to be a vegetarian. YoengHye‟s veganism is a part her mental trauma of the childhood incident where he witnessed the brutality towards the dog. In the novel Cheong finds her wife standing in the kitchen at the midnight time at looking at something. When he asks her what is she looking for her only answer was that she had a dream. The very next day he discovers her disposing all the meat products from the house by claiming reason that she had a dream. He narrates; she was crouching, still wearing her nightclothes, her dishevelled, tangled hair a shapeless mass around her face. Around her, the kitchen floor was covered with plastic bags and airtight containers, scattered all over so that there was nowhere I could put my feet Volume XIII Issue II FEBRUARY 2020 Page No: 740 JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 without treading on them. Beef for shabu-shabu , belly pork, two sides of black beef shin, some squid in a vacuum-packed bag, sliced eel that my mother-in-law had sent us from the country side ages ago ,dried croaker tied with yellow string ,unopened packs of frozen dumplings and endless bundles of unidentified stuff dragged from the depths of the fridge. There was a rustling sound; my wife was busy putting the things around her one by one into black rubbish bags. Eventually I lost control. (kang9). In his book Trauma Dissociation and Impulse Dyscontrol in Eating Disorders (1997) Johan Vanderlinden writes certain foods may be closely associated with the original trauma situation. Particular foods may elicit memories and feelings related to the childhood experiences. He writes other patients who have been victim of long lasting sexual abuse may develop an extreme distaste for meat and become fanatical vegetarians (Vanderlinden92). But in the case of YoengHye it is not the sexual abuse but witnessing a crime in childhood leads her to avoid meat and turns to be a vegetarian.
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