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An Indicative Reading of Han Kang's the Vegetarian

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An Indicative Reading of Han Kang's the Vegetarian Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 5, 2020 Review Article BECOMING TREE OR BECOMING A BODY OF PURE INTENSITY: AN INDICATIVE READING OF HAN KANG’S THE VEGETARIAN 1Anupama K., 2Dr G. K. Chithra Ph. D. Candidate, Dept. of English, School of Social Sciences and Languages (SSL) VIT, Vellore [email protected] Associate Professor and Research Guide, Dept. of English, School of Social Sciences and Languages (SSL) VIT, [email protected] Received: 22.01.2020 Revised: 04.02.2020 Accepted: 01.03.2020 Abstract South Korean culture has its roots embedded and embodied in the doctrines of Confucius. Thus, its society follows patriarchal lineage and subjugates the female community in terms of education, employment, parenthood and so on. Even though there are laws assuring women’s equality, the customs and practices demand women to stick with the domestic roles that Confucianism promoted. Moreover, Korea is one of the countries where the largest number of cosmetic surgeries happen along with strict oblique rules such as, a girl should not exceed her weight over 50kg and she should have flawless skin, etc. When many are comfortable with these societal rules, a few fights against all the commoditisation of the female body. Korean women start to use film, literature and art as a platform to question the gender inequality prevailing around them. This article undertakes a theoretical analysis of the Booker-Prize winning South Korean novel, The Vegetarian (2016), written by Han Kang, using Deleuzian concept of Body without Organs (BwO) to study how the protagonist Yeong-hye uses her body as a weapon for self-expression and freedom from the conservative South Korean patriarchal powers. Keywords: South Korea, Han Kang, Gender Inequality, The Vegetarian, Deleuze, Body without Organs (BwO) © 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.05.124 INTRODUCTION in a certain way and handle a certain role in society. To maintain In East Asia, women have outnumbered men in higher education; the sustainability and consistency of this web of relationships, one hence the working women have higher university degrees than has to stick on to the implied gender roles. And the individual men. Even though, the countries have been investing huge choice has no role in it since there is no single entity in existence. amounts for higher education, they miss out on the positive outcome of their investment. Women’s potential in the economy There are very strict ways in which a woman should behave and is often wasted since they are absent from decision making and live under Confucianism. And if a woman violates those rules, she leadership in working sectors. This strategic mistake has a crucial is not only diminishing the self, but she is diminishes the self that role in the stooping of the South Asian economy. Recent studies exists in the web of relationships or damaging the reciprocal show India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and The Maldives as the existence of the whole entities (O’Hear, 2014, p. 109). Hence, it countries which have the poorest gender gap of an approximately, turns into a deadly sin for women to be themselves. These ancient 40%. rules still affect the life and wellbeing of Korean women in terms of their freedom of expression and independence. This huge gender gap is not confined to South Asian nations alone. An alarming gap can be seen in East Asian countries like Japan and When considering employment, the primary qualification needed South Korea. All these countries have their root embedded and in the Korean job sector is to be a man. Although women are well embodied in the principles of Confucianism, a 2,500-year-old qualified, they have a limited role in a professional environment. doctrine that places women at the bottom of the social hierarchy. It is shocking that Korean parents provide a huge amount of Sexism in Confucianism is more pernicious than that of the money for their daughters as graduation gifts to do plastic Western male chauvinism since it is wrapped up the very surgeries since the basic criteria for women to enter a job include cosmology of the doctrine. The principles of Confucianism faultless bodily features, skin and hair type. Korean men, on the resemble Philosophical Posthumanism, which believes that other hand, are always positioned chief in working sectors, human beings are not a single entity, but it is the amalgamation of without putting any great effort. This gender bias reflects in family all the other entities such as nature, animal and non-human life as well. Since men are the breadwinners in the family, women beings. But a disagreement prevails with its concept of get fewer roles in decision making and giving opinions (Mehrotra, masculinity and femininity, which according to Confucianism is 2009). A recent study conducted by the Korean Institute of the expression derived from this web of relationships. In terms of Criminology among Korean men shows that about 80% of men the energy, these two entities produce in the nexus of have physically abused their partners. Earlier in 2018, a mass relationships, masculinity represents dawn, positivity, light, and movement stirred up against the visible gender discrimination of yang; whereas, femininity stands for receptivity, darkness, and Korea. It mainly questioned the government’s indifferent attitude dusks that takes the whining of energy. In Confucius’s point of towards the notorious hidden camera sex crimes that happened view, there is no absolute man or woman. There exists in the web throughout Korea. Later it paved the way for numerous minor and of relationships, the bodies of appropriateness to express things major women’s movements against the suppression and and this will bring the righteousness of humanity. This holistic marginalization of women in domestic as well as in working place. view of existence turns problematic with its further rules regarding the role of each gender. If a person is embodied in a masculine or a feminine body, that person is circumscribed to act Journal of critical reviews 598 BECOMING TREE OR BECOMING A BODY OF PURE INTENSITY: AN INDICATIVE READING OF HAN KANG’S THE VEGETARIAN METHODOLOGY Although, the novel can be easily associated with Eco-feminist This qualitative research proposes an interpretative method to concepts and Animal rights, the Kafkaesque style of the story give a critical analysis of Han Kang’s Man Booker Prize-winning demands more attention to the details. A deeper reading of the novel The Vegetarian with a focus on the underlying gender novel gives the account of an ordinary woman’s plight against disparity and the protagonists’ resistance that is depicted in the discrimination and rigid domestic demands in society which is novel. “Interpretive research is a framework and practice within rooted in ancient beliefs and customs. Yeong-hye prefers a unique social science research that is invested in philosophical and way to resist the male power around her and that makes the novel methodological ways of understanding social reality” (Given, a masterpiece. 2008). Some of the common data collection techniques used in interpretative research includes interviews, observation and RESULT AND DISCUSSION documentation. The Vegetarian has been translated into more “Look, sister, I’m doing a handstand; leaves are growing out of my than fifteen languages including Deborah Smith’s acclaimed body, roots are sprouting out of my hands… they delve down into translation into English. Similar to Kang’s previous work Human the earth. Endlessly, endlessly…yes, I spread my legs, because I Acts, which centers around the Gwangju uprising that occurred in wanted flowers to bloom from my crotch; I spread them wide…” South Korea during the 1980s against the strict rule of the then (Kang, 2016, p.152). government, The Vegetarian brings up a relevant theme of gender inequality that exists in the South Korean society since ages. The The human body is adept at multiple tasks other than existing as novel gives an account of the protagonist’s decision to stop a concrete structure required for the completion of one’s survival. consuming meat and how she has forced to face horrible It is a complex unit of organizations that functions methodically to repercussions from her family and society as its result. The produce substances and an existence through that. Normally, the Vegetarian earned attention, criticism, and appreciation from perception of our own body and the complex organs that functions around the world as it became the first novel to exhibit South together inside the body tremendously influences us and that Korea’s lesser-known story of its gender biased society. Often, hinders our capacity to do more and experience immensely. Kang’s writing style is compared to Haruki Murakami’s, which However, if a body gets rid of its rules regarding the organs’ blurs the demarcated boundaries between dream and reality, organized functions, it would be liberated and intensified. The human and non-human and sanity and insanity. concept of body has been absent in Western philosophy and cultural studies for a long time. After Descartes's thoughts on the The study uses the theories proposed by the great continental connection between body and mind, it took centuries to become a philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari for the sake of topic undergoing intense study. By 20th C., philosophers like understanding how the protagonist uses her body as a shield Marx, Heidegger, Foucault, and Deleuze proposed a lot more against the status quo. Deleuze and Guattari are the greatest post- dimensions and definitions for the idea of the body in terms of structuralist French Philosophers of the late 20th century who identity, power, and gender.
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