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Nieu Nederlandt, Whereof Cornelis J Acobsz May of Hoorn Was Skipper, with a Company of 30 Families, Mostly Walloons, to Plant a Colony There

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Nieu Nederlandt, Whereof Cornelis J Acobsz May of Hoorn Was Skipper, with a Company of 30 Families, Mostly Walloons, to Plant a Colony There THE SETTLEMENT OF MANHATTAN ...TN ..L. , 1624 ◄ I ( ( / ( \ 'I '-./ '-./ '-./ '-./ '-./ '-/ '-./ '-,/ '-../ '-./ '-../ '-,/ '-,/ '-../ '-,/ '-"' '-../ '-"' '-,/ '-../ '-"' '-,/ ""-"'-"'\...../'\...../'\,,._/'\,,.,./'\,,.,./'\,,._/'\,,._/...._,,""-"'-"'\,,._/'\,,._/""-"'-" By LIEUT. CoL. Lours EFFINGHAM DE FoREST, M.A., J.D., F.s.G. President .d'Honneur du Comite lean Ribault, Membre-associe du Comi:e de la Societe Historique de ,:Arrondissement d'Avesnes, late Member of the Executive Committee of Tf.,e Hug-;;,erwt-W al,luon-.lV ew lvetherlarul, Tercentenary Com.-rnission, Member of the PUBLISHED BY THE ARGUS PRESS, ALBANY, ~""EW YORK, 1935 PREFACE In the year 1923 The National Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Tercentenary Commission was involuntarily involved in controversy over the correct year in which to celebrate the tercentenary of the founding of New York City. The Commission believed 1924 was the proper date and the writer, a member of the Executive Committee of the Commission, wrote a pamphlet entitled ~The Tercentenary of New York City in 1924, A Consideration of Conflicting Claims. It was published by the Com­ mission to def end its position. There were two editions hut it has long been out of print, and to supply an occasional demand a new pamphlet is now issued. Not only have corrections and additions been made, hut the material has been rearranged and brought in line with current authorities. An attempt has been made, moreover, to remove the contro­ versial tone of some of the eariier comments, which were written in the heat of what seemed at the time a furious argument. As the writer has refreshed his :recollection of the available material 4 on this subject he has experienced again the regret that there could not have been in 1924 the general acceptance of that date f o~ the tercenttenary celebrations, and the event have then •been dignified in the large and impvrtant way it deserved. Two years later the conviction that the earlier date was correct had become so universal that the elaborate ceremonies planned by the proponents of 1926 were never held. The tercentenary in 1924 passed without the American support i~ should have had. Those of us who care for New York City and its history should recall graiefully ihe efforts of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America in instituting the Tercentenary Commission which was responsible for such American celebrations as were in fact held in 1924. And to the French and Belgians, who more than did their part in 1924, we of New York owe a great debt !{ff their generous and whole-hearted participation. L. E. de F. THE SETTLEMENT OF MANHA TT AN IN 1624 There were no Sett_lements before 1624 Some brief mention should be made of historical events affecting Manhattan Island before the voyage of the ship 1Vew 1Vetherland in 1624 which brought the first actual settlers. service of France, entered the present harbor of New York in the ship Dauphine. He did not proceed as far as Manhattan Island and made no later voyages to that vicinity. Estevam Gomez, a Portuguese in the service of Spain, sailed along the North Atlantic coast in 1525 ·but probably did not enter New York harbor. On September 12, 1609, Henry Hudson, an Englishman in Dutch service, in the ship De Halve M aen cast anchor off Manhattan Island. It is not known whether any landing was- made at that spot but Hudson and his men were quite certainly the first Europeans to see the Island. According to Johan de Laet, a Director of the Dutch West India Company, writing in 1625 in his work Nieuwe W ereldt, Hudson's discovery was followed by the dispatch by some merchants of Amster­ dam of a ship to the river "called Manhattes," hut no confirmation or further explanation of such a voyage has ever been found. The first reference to settlers of any character on Manhattan Island appeared in A Description of the Province of New Albion by Beauchamp Piantagenet, published at London in 1648. 1'here appears in this tract the state­ ment that Thomas Dale and Thomas Argall, returning in 1613 from the French they found four houses built and a pretended Dutch governour under the West India Company of Amsterdam." There is no space here to consider at length this particular tract. It has been ·analyzed, attacked and rejected by many historians and is usually dismissed as a "baseless f abricationc'' Paltsits was among the latest to summarize the evidence against it. However, Stokes makes this comment on what Paltsits has written: "although the tract may in general 5 be unreliable, nevertheless, the statements which it contains relating to Man­ hattan may he substantially correct." Versteeg also take_s the same position and the present writer agrees. There may easily have -been some traders living in h111t1::__ .,...., nn._,._. ••~Man ,LLL&W.:-..~.&.&.1-, -,itt-,'" .a..&..L;..... 14V.&.U• ~, ~ On October 11, 1614, the States General gave a grant for exclusive trade in New Netherland to a company of merohants, who were authorized to send four trading voyages. Among their ships was one commanded by Adriaen Block. Block lo~t his ship by fire and built a new ,one, the Onrust, which may have been constructed in the vicinity of Manhattan Island. Certainly, as de Laet tells the story, he sailed the new ship through Hell-Gate and into New York harbor and "explored all the places thereabout.. " There is no doubt that there were such early voyages of mariners and traders, hut none of them constituted a formal, regulated and authorized settle­ ment. None of them had the permanent and continuing condition which settle­ ment requires. The Holland Society of New York was chiefly responsihle for the active contention in 1924 that the early :visits to Manhattan by voyagers and traders constituted settlement. That Society, which is composed of descendants of the families settled in New Netherland before the year 1675, has done a great deal to keep alive and vigorous the Dutch tradition. Few of the many American patnot1c• • ana.. 1nereu.1tary ,.'.!· soc1et1es• • .uave1.. a-one.. such• rmporrant• • ana.. serious• worK... Its claims were stated in three publications of the Holland Society. In December of 1922 the Committee on History and Tradition of the Society • .o..:r 'l' · A L v· c, 1 r llr TT .,. ., ...... - • - !ssu,.. ,..,& a ... reatise as to t,,,e ~- ;,,st ,JeU,1,ernent OJ l"{ew 1 oTJc ana rroposztzons for Tercentenary Celebrations in 1923, 1924 or 1926. The following argument was there advanced: .J" • .1 • • ,,-.:,. ,... • --•1 ,l 'T' r -'I' 0111"- -- I___ .nTnTn1ttQQ.., .. .....,'-' nn....,, ................. l-l s•+A 1,V.I. ...... J T '4..1.J.U........ .L --.LCl,U.lLJ...... ..,,...J..l- • • • • .....:::.r,;:. '-' O.!" me op1n1on, based on historic data, that the years 1623 and 1624 were not· the years of the first settlement of colonists on Manhattan Island or New York Citv.. but that settlements of the Netherlanders there were made, and habitations erected, as early as 1614; and that in the years 1623 and 1624 only a majority of the colonists who arrived at Manhattan Island were Walloons or of French blood and that the rest were Netherlanders, and that even the majority of the Walloons and those of French hlood who arrived were Netherlanders horn, including theiI women and children, and citizens of the Dutch Republic; and that permanent 6 settlements had been made on Manhattan Island and elsewhere in New Nether­ land in the years from 1614 down to 1623 by Netherlanders not of French or Walloon blood who were not mere fur traders or temporary sojourners, but remained as permanent colonists in New Netherland." In 1924 the Holland Society published a pamphlet entitled New Nether­ land's Founding by Dingman Versteeg, Archivist of the Society. Here the author stated: "The fur traders were the earliest permanent settlers of New Netherland. New °York City was founded in 1613 or earlier and Albany at about the same time. The fur trade-like its indispensable auxiliary the trade in seawan-was a/permanent business, the trading posts, warehouses, forts, were continuously occupied by companies of traders and boatmen making their nerman~nt homes there when not on trading exneditions in their vachts. The ... '-" .. ~ trade in furs and seawan was as legitimate, continuous and expert an occupa­ tion as that of the farmer, the miner, the fisherman, the drygoods dealer, the grocer and others." This position was reaffirmed in De Halve Maen, a quarterly leaflet published by the Holiand Society, in the issue of July, 1924. As it happens the Holland Society was apparently completely alone~ its stand in 1922 -and 1924, nor was this the earlier conviction of the Society or of its archivist. The Year Book of the Holland Society of New York for 1888-1889 contains an account of Jesse de Forest writtel!, by Charles M. Dozy, Archivist ,. , ,.... ,. .... • - .. • '"? • ....., , - • ,. ... ,. - ,,,,,.._ ,. ot tne L.1ty ot Leyden, 1n wh1cn de .r orest, the or1g1nator ot tne voyage ot 10~4, is called "the founder of New Amsterdam." The Year Book of the Holland Society of New York for 1895 contains an article by George W. Van Siclen, a founder and first Secretary of the Hoiiand Society, quoting with approvai a letter from M. Dozy to the effect that: "As there is no doubt that the first permanent settlement on Manhattan Island dates from May, 1623*, the fact rnat.1 . JesseT ae'I .r~ orest- preparea'I ana'I organizea• 'I mat.1 • co1onizauon'I • .• ana'I was a1most'I - certainly the leader of it gives him a right to he called the founder of New Amsterdam." DinITTnan Versteeg in his most ambitious literarv work.. Manhattan - - - . in 1628, stated in reference to the occupation of Manhattan before 1624 that "it does not appear that the settlement consisted of anything more permanent than a fur-trader's camp," and further says of the New Netherland: "this ship ...
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