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“A kind heart is a fountain of gladness, making everything in its vicinity freshen into smiles.” ~ Washington Irving 002 ~ Ok "Hati yang baik adalah sumber kegembiraan, membuat segala sesuatu yang segar di sekitarnya menjadi senyuman." ~ Washington Irving 002 ~ Ok Menurut Anda, apakah sumber kegembiraan? Apakah kekayaan yang melimpah? Apakah kejayaan karena jabatan yang tinggi? Ataukah karena memiliki lebih banyak dari orang lain? Sebenarnya tidak satupun yang disebutkan di atas. Sumber kegembiraan adalah hati yang baik dengan tidak memandang rendah orang lain dan tidak merasa diri tinggi sendiri. Hati yang baik akan membuat segala sesuatunya menjadi indah. Hati yang baik menebar senyuman sepanjang waktu. Seperti quote yang disampaikan oleh Washington Irving, seorang penulis kelahiran City – Amerika Serikat, hidup dalam rentang tahun 1783-1859, ‘A kind heart is a fountain of gladness, making everything in its vicinity freshen into smiles.’ Secara bebas diterjemahkan, ‘Hati yang baik adalah sumber kegembiraan, membuat segala sesuatu yang segar di sekitarnya menjadi senyuman.’ Pandanglah hidup ini sebagai anugerah. Buatlah sesama manusia sebagai sahabat. Jadikan perbedaan sebagai sesuatu kekayaan untuk saling memahami. Dengan demikian, tidak ada iri dengki antar sesama. Setiap orang akan hidup berdampingan dengan saling menebar senyum. Dengan berbaik hati akan membuat suasana segar dan menghasilkan inspirasi bagi setiap orang. Tidak ada pertentangan! Tidak ada saling menjatuhkan! Tidak ada saling mengklaim, aku yang terbaik atau paling benar! Semua akan hidup selaras dengan hukum alam. Satu dengan yang lain saling mendukung dan menopang. Tidak ada yang terjatuh karena perlakuan yang lain. Kita hidup saling menghargai dan saling memberi. Itulah hidup yang diciptakan dengan hati yang gembira. Memandang orang lain sebagai cerminan diri. Saya ada karena orang lain. Demikian juga, dia

Brainy Quote ~ Washington Irving 002 Page 1 ada karena keberadaanku. Semua berjalan secara harmonis. Kita hidup saling menebar senyum karena kita saling membutuhkan. Indonesia, 13 Januari 2019 Riset Corporation ---

Washington Irving Biography.com Writer (1783–1859) Famed 19th century American author Washington Irving is known for his biographical works and such stories as '' and 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.' Synopsis Author Washington Irving was born in in 1783. He achieved international fame for the fictional stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," as well as for such biographical works as A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. Irving also served as the U.S. ambassador to Spain in the 1840s, and pushed for stronger copyright laws before his death in 1859. Early Years and Career Washington Irving was born on April 3, 1783, in New York City. The youngest of 11 children of Scottish- English immigrant parents William Sr. and Sarah, he was named after George Washington, the hero of the just-completed American Revolution, and attended the presidential inauguration of his namesake in 1789. Educated privately, Irving began writing essays under the pen name Jonathan Oldstyle for the Morning Chronicle, which was edited by older brother Peter. After touring Europe from 1804-06, he returned to New York City to practice law – through by his own admission, he was not a good student, and in 1806 he barely passed the bar. Preferring to indulge his creative impulses, Irving teamed with friend James Kirke Paulding and oldest brother William to publish Salamagundi, a periodical of humorous essays. In a similar vein, he penned the History of New-York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty, by (1809), a satirical work that earned the writer widespread acclaim. Despite the early successes, Irving's career stalled as he sought to figure out what to do next. He landed a job as editor of Analectic Magazine, and briefly served in the military during the War of 1812. European Residency and Fame In 1815, Washington Irving traveled to England to help his brothers with the floundering family business. When that endeavor failed, he composed a collection of stories and essays that became The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. Published in several installments over the course of 1819-20, The Sketch Book contained two of the author's most famous works, "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," and made him a literary star both in England and the United States. Irving followed with (1822), and then Tales of a Traveller (1824). After accepting an invitation from the U.S. Minister to Spain, he moved to Madrid in 1826 and embarked on extensive research for A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828), as well as the works that became Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (1829) and Tales of the Alhambra (1832). Irving was then appointed secretary of the U.S. legation to London in 1829, a post he held until 1832.

Brainy Quote ~ Washington Irving 002 Page 2 Later Years, Death and Legacy Upon returning to the U.S. in 1832, Washington Irving visited some of the little-known territories off the western fringes of the country, an expedition that inspired A Tour on the Prairies (1835). Continuing the western frontier theme, he wrote (1836), an account of the formation of John Jacob Astor's fur company, followed by The Adventures of Captain Bonneville (1837). After another stint abroad as U.S. minister to Spain (1842-46), Irving spent his later years at his New York estate of "Sunnyside," which served as a meeting place for the leading writers, artists and politicians of his era. He turned out a succession of mainly historical and biographical works during this time, including the five-volume Life of George Washington (1855-59). Irving passed away at his estate on November 28, 1859. Considered perhaps the first true American writer, Irving sought to nurture his successors and pushed for stronger laws to protect writers from copyright infringement. The terminology of his works seeped into American popular culture, with monikers such as "knickerbocker" and "Gotham" becoming affiliated with New York City. Underscoring the endurance of his fictional creations, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" was adapted into a 1999 film by director Tim Burton, and served as the basis for a TV series in 2013. Adopted from: https://www.biography.com/people/washington-irving-9350087 Washington Irving AMERICAN AUTHOR WRITTEN BY: The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica Washington Irving, (born April 3, 1783, New York, N.Y., U.S.—died Nov. 28, 1859, Tarrytown, N.Y.), writer called the “first American man of letters.” He is best known for the short stories “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle.” The favourite and last of 11 children of an austere Presbyterian father and a genial Anglican mother, young, frail Irving grew up in an atmosphere of indulgence. He escaped a college education, which his father required of his older sons, but read intermittently at the law, notably in the office of Josiah Ogden Hoffman, with whose pretty daughter Matilda he early fell in love. He wrote a series of whimsically satirical essays over the signature of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent., published in Peter Irving’s newspaper, the Morning Chronicle, in 1802–03. He made several trips up the Hudson, another into Canada for his health, and took an extended tour of Europe in 1804–06. On his return he passed the bar examination late in 1806 and soon set up as a lawyer. But during 1807– 08 his chief occupation was to collaborate with his brother William and James K. Paulding in the writing of a series of 20 periodical essays entitled . Concerned primarily with passing phases of contemporary society, the essays retain significance as an index to the social milieu. His . . . by Diedrich Knickerbocker (1809) was a comic history of the Dutch regime in New York, prefaced by a mock-pedantic account of the world from creation onward. Its writing was interrupted in April 1809 by the sudden death of Matilda Hoffman, as grief incapacitated him. In 1811 he moved to Washington, D.C., as a lobbyist for the Irving brothers’ hardware-importing firm, but his life seemed aimless for some years. He prepared an American edition of Thomas Campbell’s poems, edited the Analectic Magazine, and acquired a staff colonelcy during the War of 1812. In 1815 he went to Liverpool to look after the interests of his brothers’ firm. In London he met Sir Walter Scott, who encouraged him to renewed effort. The result was The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent (1819– 20), a collection of stories and essays that mix satire and whimsicality with fact and fiction. Most of the

Brainy Quote ~ Washington Irving 002 Page 3 book’s 30-odd pieces concern Irving’s impressions of England, but six chapters deal with American subjects. Of these, the tales “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle” have been called the first American short stories. They are both Americanized versions of German folktales. The main character of “Rip Van Winkle” is a henpecked husband who sleeps for 20 years and awakes as an old man to find his wife dead, his daughter happily married, and America now an independent country. The tremendous success of The Sketch Book in both England and the United States assured Irving that he could live by his pen. In 1822 he produced Bracebridge Hall, a sequel to The Sketch Book. He traveled in Germany, Austria, France, Spain, the British Isles, and later in his own country. Early in 1826 he accepted the invitation of Alexander H. Everett to attach himself to the American legation in Spain, where he wrote his Columbus (1828), followed by The Companions of Columbus (1831). Meanwhile, Irving had become absorbed in the legends of the Moorish past and wrote A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (1829) and The Alhambra (1832), a Spanish counterpart of The Sketch Book. After a 17-year absence Irving returned to New York in 1832, where he was warmly received. He made a journey west and produced in rapid succession A Tour of the Prairies (1835), Astoria (1836), and The Adventures of Captain Bonneville (1837). Except for four years (1842–46) as minister to Spain, Irving spent the remainder of his life at his home, “Sunnyside,” in Tarrytown, on the Hudson River, where he devoted himself to literary pursuits. Adopted from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Washington-Irving Washington Irving Biography Washington Irving was America's first genuine internationally best-selling author. This biography provides detailed information about his childhood, life, career, achievements and timeline. Quick Facts Famous As: Author, Historian, Diplomat Nationality: American Birth Date: April 3, 1783 Died at Age: 76 Sun Sign: Aries Born In: New York City, New York Father: William Irving, Sr. Mother: Sarah Irving Siblings: William Irving, Peter Irving, Sarah Irving, Ann Irving, John Treat Irving, Ebenezer Irving, Catherine Irving Married: No Died On: November 28, 1859 Place of Death: Sunnyside, Tarrytown, New York Discoveries/Inventions: Almighty Dollar If you have been in love with the character of Rip Van Winkle since you were an adolescent, you need to thank Washington Irving time and again for helping you escape into the world of fantasy, leaving aside the realities of life. The creator of the character, Irving was an American author and essayist of the early 19th century who shot to fame with the famous short story, ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’.

Brainy Quote ~ Washington Irving 002 Page 4 Irving’s got interested in writing at an early age. He started off by writing a series of observational letters to the Morning Chronicle. It was when he relocated to England that he penned his debut book, ‘The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent’. The book brought him international fame and reputation. It was superlative success of his debut venture that led him to continue his writing spree. Interestingly, all his publications were a major hit and contributed to his success. Other than short stories and essays, he also penned biographies of well-known and eminent world personalities like Oliver Goldsmith and George Washington, the latter of which extended to five volumes. In his lifetime, he also served as US Ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846. All his life, he worked for making writing a legitimate profession. He even worked to bring up strong laws to protect the writers from copyright problems. Childhood & Early Life • Washington Irving was born on April 3, 1783 to William Irving Sr and Sarah in New York City. He had eleven siblings out of which only eight survived to adulthood. • He met his namesake, George Washington, at a very young age and captured the moment in a small painting which is present till date. • Much against the family tradition of becoming merchants, young Irving had an inherent interest in literature and pursued the same. Interestingly, his brothers supported him in his literary pursuits, monetarily helping him chase his passion. • Academically, he wasn’t a dedicated student and instead preferred to attend theatre than sit in class. It was during the outbreak of the 1798 yellow fever that he left for health reasons. Career • In 1802, he started submitting letters to the New York Morning Chronicle under the pen name, Jonathan Oldstyle. This was the modest beginning of his legendary literary career. • From 1804 to 1806, he undertook a trip to Europe learning the social and conversational skills that helped him at the later stages of life. In between, he was also persuaded to take up painting as a profession which did not materialize. • Upon returning from Europe, he took up law classes under Judge Josiah Ogden Hoffman, his legal mentor. In 1806, he just about passed the bar examination. • In 1807, with the help of his brother and friend, he started a literary magazine, Salmagundi. The content of the magazine included critical comments on New York’s culture and politics. • The success of Salmagundi built his reputation outside New York. It was in 1809 that he completed his first major book titled, ‘A History of New-York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty’. The book met with immediate critical and popular success. • Post the impressive success in his debut venture, he acquired the position of an editor at the Analectic Magazine. In the new capacity, he did some outstanding work, the most remarkable amongst which was reprinting Francis Scott Key's poem that would go on to become the national anthem of the United States. • He was opposed to the War of 1812 but when the British attacked Washington D. C in 1814, he changed his mind enlisted. In 1814, he was drafted as the staff of Daniel Tompkins, and commander of the New York State Militia. The devastating and ruinous nature of the war led him to leave for England in 1815. • Despite his attempts to reinstate the family’s financial position, the family was declared bankrupt. It was during this time that he first created the legendary character of ‘Rip Van Winkle’. Brainy Quote ~ Washington Irving 002 Page 5 • In 1819, he sent his brother in New York a set of short piece of prose titled, ‘The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent’ to get it published. The first instalment was received with much praise and success leading to the publication of the equally successful seven follow-ups. • The soaring literary career gave him a star status in Europe. To prevent piracy and illegal reprinting of his works, he appointed John Murray as his preferred publisher. • Together with Murray, he was eager to replicate the success of his ‘Sketch Book’. As such, he spent much of 1821 exploring Europe for a new material. Moving past various hurdles, he finally submitted his work in 1822. • In June 1822, ‘The Bracebridge Hall’ was published. The book was similar to his previous venture, narrating about fifty short stories that are loosely connected to each other. It met with much success further cementing his reputation as an author. • In 1823, he collaborated with playwright John Howard Payne working on translating French plays in English. However, the same did not meet with much success. The following year, he published a collection of essays titled, ‘Tales of a Traveller’, which though commercially moderately successful was critically panned. • The bad reception of the book caused him to retreat to Paris where he thought of new ideas for projects that somehow never came to frame. It was in 1826 that he received a letter from Alexander Hill Everett in which he sent him an invitation to move to Madrid. • At Madrid, he was exposed to a number of manuscripts that dealt with the Spanish conquest of America. He gained full access to the American library of Spanish history and began working on the new-found material. • His first piece of work from his new material was ‘A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus’, which was published in January 1828. The book reigned at the book shelves and was extremely popular in the US and Europe. It had 175 editions and was the first book which he published in his own name. • The great success of this book led him to publish ‘Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada’ the following year. Furthermore, he published his third venture in Spanish books, ‘Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus’. Interestingly, all his three books ad a mix of both history and fiction. • In 1829, he left for England after being appointed as the Secretary to the American Legation in London. He took the role of aide-de-camp. In the new capacity, he tried to strike trade negotiation between the United States and the British West Indies. • He did not continue in the new position for long and resigned from his duties to concentrate on his writing. He started completing his unfinished work of 1829 titled, ‘Tales of the Alhambra’ which was published in the US and England in 1832. • In 1832, he returned to New York after seventeen year of hiatus. He toured some of the cities of US and came out with his next work, titled, ‘A Tour on the Praries’. The book met with grand success. • In 1836, he came up with a biographical account of Jacob Astor’s fur trading company, ‘Astoria’. The following year, he released the book, ‘The Adventures of Captain Bonneville’. • He was offered to write essays and short stories for The Knickerbocker magazine. Furthermore, he became an advisor to the budding authors who approached him for advice and endorsements.

Brainy Quote ~ Washington Irving 002 Page 6 • In 1842, he was appointed as the Minister to Spain by President John Tyler. In the new capacity, he found himself in the middle of political mayhem which Spain was experiencing. No sooner, he was exhausted by the turn of events and the political chaos. • His duties in Spain stretched until 1846 after which he returned to America and began working on his next literary piece ‘Author's Revised Edition’, revising older works for George Palmer Putnam. • His later works included writing on the works of Islamic prophet Muhammad, biography of Oliver Goldsmith and George Washington. For the latter, he indulged in much research work and published five volumes of the biography. Awards & Achievements • In 1830, he was awarded a medal by the Royal Society of Literature. The following year, he received an honorary doctorate of civil law from Oxford Personal Life & Legacy • He did not go into the wedlock in his life, but was romantically attracted to Emily, daughter of the royal family of Dresden, Fosters, while he was in Germany. Following her refusal to his offer of marriage, he relocated from Germany. • He breathed his last on November 28, 1859 due to heart attack. He was buried at two days later. • To honor his literary contribution, several schools, parks, memorials, the city of Irving in Texas, a community area at Irving Park and Irving Trust Corporation has been named after him. He also has to his credit Washington Irving literary society, Indianapolis, Indiana neighborhood of Irvington and the town of Knickerbocker, Texas. • His home Sunnyside has become a historic site and is open to public for tours. • He was pictured on the 1 cent US postage stamp in the Famous American/Authors series, issued on January 29, 1940. Trivia • This American author and creator of the legendary character of Rip Van Winkle is popularly known to the world as the first American Man of Letters. Adopted from: https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/washington-irving-3164.php --o0o--

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