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Paganismo Contemporâneo No Brasil: a Magia Da Realidade

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Paganismo Contemporâneo No Brasil: a Magia Da Realidade 0 UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA ACADÊMICA COORDENAÇÃO DE PESQUISA DOUTORADO EM CIÊNCIAS DA RELIGIÃO Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião PAGANISMO CONTEMPORÂNEO NO BRASIL: A MAGIA DA REALIDADE KARINA OLIVEIRA BEZERRA RECIFE 2019 1 PAGANISMO CONTEMPORÂNEO NO BRASIL: A MAGIA DA REALIDADE Tese apresentada à Universidade Católica de Pernambuco como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências da Religião. Área de Concentração: Ciências Humanas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gilbraz de Souza Aragão RECIFE 2019 B574p Bezerra, Karina Oliveira Paganismo contemporâneo no Brasil : a magia da realidade / Karina Oliveira Bezerra, 2019 498 f. : il. Orientador: Gilbraz de Souza Aragão Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião. Doutorado em Ciências da Religião, 2019. 1. Paganismo. 2. Religiões - História. 3. Realidade. 4. Magia. I. Título. CDU 291.17 Ficha catalográfica elaborada por Pollyanna Alves - CRB 4/1002 3 DEDICATÓRIA Dedico aos meus pais, Paula e Everaldo, que só estudaram até a quarta série, e que eu não trocaria por nenhum doutor no mundo. Dedico ao meu marido, Andreas Zaia, com quem comecei a viver junto no mesmo ano de início do meu doutorado e sempre foi companheiro. Dedico aos meus quatro filhos felinos, Lugh, Litha, Loki e Leia, que formaram nossa família e me ensinaram a compreender outras formas de linguagem e entendimento. Dedico às minha amigas e irmãs de alma, Michelle, Josi, Gleyce, Priscylla e Assíria, que tornam minha vida mais alegre, com trilha sonora musical. Dedico a Mnemósine, Clio, Calíope, Euterpe, Terpsícore e Tália. Que a memória se perpetue na história, com eloquência e ciência, música, dança e alegria. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a toda minha família e amigos, sobretudo ao meu marido, pelo amor concedido a mim. Agradeço a todas as pessoas que cruzaram meu caminho nos últimos sete anos e contribuíram para minhas transformações. Agradeço aos meus ex-alunos, que possibilitaram minha vivência com a docência, me imbuindo de uma prática necessária, para uma investigação próspera. Agradeço ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião da UNICAP e à CAPES/PROSUP, por ter me concedido a bolsa de pesquisa. Agradeço ao meu orientador, Gilbraz Aragão, e ao professor João Lupi, pelo carinho, ajuda e exemplo a ser seguido. Agradeço a todos os acadêmicos que escreveram antes de mim, e aos que escreverão depois, sobre o paganismo contemporâneo, especialmente Dannyel de Castro. Que este campo de pesquisa possa se desenvolver no Brasil e dialogar com o exterior. Agradeço imensamente a todos os Pagãos que contribuíram, direta ou indiretamente, para a produção deste trabalho, em especial aos entrevistados: Enguel, Guimel, Cerridwen, Prieto, Yrving, Atalanta, Toledo, Bandrui, Crow, Isarnos, Reis, Paschoalin, Uberti, Gaesun, Cunobelinos, Nemetios, Dorchadas, Wodensdottir, Marques, Wodenssigr, Seaxdeor, Marante, Nikaios, Aristaio, Artese, Frota, Ninguém, Faur, Fox, Faro, Telucama, Périco, Draco, Black, Finkler, Serena, Orfeu, Lugus, Silva, Noleto, Castro, Hollydragon e Kássio. 5 Viver é a grande magia, e o grande feitiço consiste em viver livre e com harmonia. 6 RESUMO O paganismo é um movimento religioso contemporâneo que acredita em vários deuses, sendo a natureza sacralizada e cultuada em ritos sazonais, com adaptações para a vida na sociedade moderna. Busca-se a inspiração e reconstrução das antigas religiões pré-cristãs europeias e/ou das tradições indígenas do país e origem dos praticantes. Nosso trabalho buscou compreender como é a realidade no paganismo e chegamos à tese de que a realidade Pagã é mágica. Diferente da tríade magia-religião-ciência, criamos o conceito de magia tríplice para representar a realidade Pagã, o qual se divide em magia ritual, magia simbólica e magia participativa. E tal sistema de pensamento pode ser chamado de magismo. Descobrimos que a magia é o elo fundador e aglutinador do paganismo. E que, portanto, a magia no paganismo é um recurso, ao invés de lixeira. As respostas diversas dadas por nossos 40 entrevistados nos revelaram que é o mito que desempenha o papel da crença e distingue as religiões Pagãs. Para chegar a essas conclusões, percorremos um longo caminho. Utilizamos os conceitos de “programas de verdade” e “imaginação constituinte”, de Paul Veyne; investigamos a religião como vida cotidiana, com Graham Harvey; e usamos a ética corpórea de Ian Jamison, em conjunto com os estudos sobre magia de Hanegraaff, Pasi, Thomas e Mauss. Então, fomos aplicando na investigação da origem de formação do paganismo no movimento romântico, que era nostálgico de um passado desaparecido (Pagão), buscando uma união orgânica entre pessoas, cultura e natureza; e na nova forma de magia que surge com a secularização, que busca uma união mística com o divino, combinado ao espírito de otimismo e fé no progresso e aperfeiçoamento humano. Tendo entendimento desse contexto mundial que comporta o mito e o rito Pagão contemporâneo, fomos para o Brasil. Investigamos oito religiões Pagãs: wicca, druidismo e recon, heathenismo, helenismo, xamanismo, espiritualidade da Deusa, bruxarias e piaganismo. Fizemos pesquisa de campo em quase todas as regiões do país, com exceção do Norte, visitando oito estados, pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e entrevistas, sendo quatro presenciais e 36 questionários abertos com 31 perguntas. Os entrevistados são de todas as regiões do país, distribuídos em 15 estados. Foram priorizadas pessoas com mais tempo de prática e com caráter significativo no desenvolvimento, divulgação e atuação do paganismo contemporâneo no Brasil. Todos os dados possibilitaram vermos a magia como o “processo” de Whitehead. Ela é a imaginação, o encanto, a magia que torna a vida real, que possibilita que a crença em um conjunto de mitos una um grande número de estranhos, que possibilita que a prática de um conjunto de gestos crie uma realidade e insira seus praticantes numa comunidade, que se perpetua pelo mesmo processo de experienciação dos sujeitos. Palavras-chave: Neopaganismo. Magia. Realidade. Histórias das religiões. 7 ABSTRACT Paganism is a contemporary religious movement, which believes in many gods, nature being sacred and worshiped in seasonal rites, with adaptations to life in modern society. The inspiration and reconstruction of the old pre-Christian European religions and / or the indigenous traditions of the country and origin of the practitioners is sought. Our work sought to understand how the reality in Paganism is. So we come to the thesis that Pagan reality is magical. Unlike the magic-religion-science triad, we created the concept of triple magic to represent pagan reality. It is divided into ritual magic, symbolic magic and participatory magic. And such a system of thought can be called magism. We have discovered that magic is the founding link, and agglutinator of Paganism. And that, therefore, magic in Paganism is a resource, rather than a dump. And the various responses given by our 40 interviewees revealed to us that it is the myth that plays the role of belief, and distinguishes Pagan religions. To reach these conclusions we have come a long way. We use Paul Veyne's concepts of "truth programs" and "constitutive imagination." We investigate religion as everyday life with Graham Harvey, and we use Ian Jamison's bodily ethics, in conjunction with Hanegraaff, Pasi, Thomas, and Mauss's magical studies. So we were applying in the: investigation of the origin of formation of Paganism in the romantic movement, which was nostalgic of a past gone (Pagan), seeking an organic union between people, culture and nature; and the new form of magic that comes with secularization, which seeks a mystical union with the divine, combined with the spirit of optimism and faith in human progress and perfection. Having understood this world context that includes the myth and the contemporary Pagan rite, we went to Brazil. We investigated eight Pagan religions: Wicca, Druidism and recon, Heathenism, Hellenism, Shamanism, Goddess Spirituality, Witchcraft and Piaganism. We did: field research in almost all regions of the country, with the exception of the North, visiting eight states, bibliographical research, documentaries and interviews, of which four were face-to-face and 36 were open questionnaires with 31 questions. The interviewees are from all regions of the country, distributed in 15 states. Prioritized people with more time of practice, and with a significant character in the development, dissemination and actuation of contemporary Paganism in Brazil. All the data made it possible to see magic as Whitehead's “process”. It is the imagination, the enchantment, the magic that makes real life, which makes belief in a set of myths a great number of strangers, which enables the practice of a set of gestures to create a reality, and insert their practitioners in a community, perpetuated by the same process of experiencing the subjects. Keywords: Neopaganism. Magic. Reality. History of religions. 8 LISTA DE QUADROS Quadro 1 – Quadro esquemático sobre a história da wicca................................................ 151 Quadro 2 – Obstáculos e frutos........................................................................................... 343 Quadro 3 – Diálogo inter-religioso...................................................................................... 346 Quadro 4 – Eventos, rituais e locais de visitas durante a pesquisa.....................................
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