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An Ethnographic Inquiry of a Coven of Contemporary Witches James Albert Whyte Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1981 An examen of Witches: an ethnographic inquiry of a coven of contemporary Witches James Albert Whyte Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Anthropology Commons, New Religious Movements Commons, and the Other Religion Commons Recommended Citation Whyte, James Albert, "An examen of Witches: an ethnographic inquiry of a coven of contemporary Witches" (1981). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 16917. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/16917 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An examen of Witches: An ethnographic inquiry of a coven of contemporary Witches by James Albert Whyte A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department: Sociology and Anthropology Maj or: Anthropology Signatures have been redacted for privacy Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1981 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 WITCHCRAFT 10 WITCHES 23 AN EVENING WITH THE WITCHES 39 COVEN ORGANIZATION 55 STRESS AND TENSION IN THE SWORD COVEN 78 THE WITCHES' DANCE 92 LITERATURE CITED 105 1 INTRODUCTION The witch is a familiar figure in the popular Western imagination. From the wicked queen of Snow White to Star Wars' Yoda, witches and Witch like characters have been used to scare and entertain generations of young and old alike. -
Wicca 1739 Have Allowed for His Continued Popularity
Wicca 1739 have allowed for his continued popularity. Whitman’s According to Gardner, witchcraft had survived the per- willingness to break out of hegemonic culture and its secutions of early modern Europe and persisted in secret, mores in order to celebrate the mundane and following the thesis of British folklorist and Egyptologist unconventional has ensured his relevance today. His belief Margaret Murray (1862–1963). Murray argued in her in the organic connection of all things, coupled with his book, The Witch Cult in Western Europe (1921), that an old organic development of a poetic style that breaks with religion involving a horned god who represented the fertil- many formal conventions have caused many scholars and ity of nature had survived the persecutions and existed critics to celebrate him for his innovation. His idea of uni- throughout Western Europe. Murray wrote that the versal connection and belief in the spirituality present in a religion was divided into covens that held regular meet- blade of grass succeeded in transmitting a popularized ings based on the phases of the moon and the changes of version of Eastern theology and Whitman’s own brand of the seasons. Their rituals included feasting, dancing, sac- environmentalism for generations of readers. rifices, ritualized sexual intercourse, and worship of the horned god. In The God of the Witches (1933) Murray Kathryn Miles traced the development of this god and connected the witch cult to fairy tales and Robin Hood legends. She used Further Reading images from art and architecture to support her view that Greenspan, Ezra, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Whit- an ancient vegetation god and a fertility goddess formed man. -
Constructing the Witch in Contemporary American Popular Culture
"SOMETHING WICKED THIS WAY COMES": CONSTRUCTING THE WITCH IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE Catherine Armetta Shufelt A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2007 Committee: Dr. Angela Nelson, Advisor Dr. Andrew M. Schocket Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Donald McQuarie Dr. Esther Clinton © 2007 Catherine A. Shufelt All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Dr. Angela Nelson, Advisor What is a Witch? Traditional mainstream media images of Witches tell us they are evil “devil worshipping baby killers,” green-skinned hags who fly on brooms, or flaky tree huggers who dance naked in the woods. A variety of mainstream media has worked to support these notions as well as develop new ones. Contemporary American popular culture shows us images of Witches on television shows and in films vanquishing demons, traveling back and forth in time and from one reality to another, speaking with dead relatives, and attending private schools, among other things. None of these mainstream images acknowledge the very real beliefs and traditions of modern Witches and Pagans, or speak to the depth and variety of social, cultural, political, and environmental work being undertaken by Pagan and Wiccan groups and individuals around the world. Utilizing social construction theory, this study examines the “historical process” of the construction of stereotypes surrounding Witches in mainstream American society as well as how groups and individuals who call themselves Pagan and/or Wiccan have utilized the only media technology available to them, the internet, to resist and re- construct these images in order to present more positive images of themselves as well as build community between and among Pagans and nonPagans. -
Deus Ex Machina? Witchcraft and the Techno-World Venetia Robertson
Deus Ex Machina? Witchcraft and the Techno-World Venetia Robertson Introduction Sociologist Bryan R. Wilson once alleged that post-modern technology and secularisation are the allied forces of rationality and disenchantment that pose an immense threat to traditional religion.1 However, the flexibility of pastiche Neopagan belief systems like ‘Witchcraft’ have creativity, fantasy, and innovation at their core, allowing practitioners of Witchcraft to respond in a unique way to the post-modern age by integrating technology into their perception of the sacred. The phrase Deus ex Machina, the God out of the Machine, has gained a multiplicity of meanings in this context. For progressive Witches, the machine can both possess its own numen and act as a conduit for the spirit of the deities. It can also assist the practitioner in becoming one with the divine by enabling a transcendent and enlightening spiritual experience. Finally, in the theatrical sense, it could be argued that the concept of a magical machine is in fact the contrived dénouement that saves the seemingly despondent situation of a so-called ‘nature religion’ like Witchcraft in the techno-centric age. This paper explores the ways two movements within Witchcraft, ‘Technopaganism’ and ‘Technomysticism’, have incorporated man-made inventions into their spiritual practice. A study of how this is related to the worldview, operation of magic, social aspect and development of self within Witchcraft, uncovers some of the issues of longevity and profundity that this religion will face in the future. Witchcraft as a Religion The categorical heading ‘Neopagan’ functions as an umbrella that covers numerous reconstructed, revived, or invented religious movements, that have taken inspiration from indigenous, archaic, and esoteric traditions. -
Who Is George Pingill.Cdr
ica Gardneriana W www.wiccagardneriana.net Who is George Pinckingill George Pickingill, sometimes known simply as "Old George", (one assumes to separate him from his namesake child) is as much an enigma today to many as he must have been when he was alive. Many stories surround this figure, (both 'good' and 'bad' - depending on the perspective one takes) and it is hard to separate the myth from the man. This is especially so in the modern climate wherein many views are naturally biased towards the "Neo-pagan" ways of thought and the views of the founders of the same are often received and treated as gospel. I myself have heard many stories, (from both 'sides of the fence') but none have fascinated me nor awaked as much of a 'ring of truth' as those that I have heard from one of his descendants - Bill Liddell." (Scott Bisseker, 2000) "George Pickingill is central to many of the claims advanced by Modern Witchcraft. Claire Smythe refers to him as George Pickingale in her article 'Canewdon', which was published in '50 Strange Stories of the Supernatural' (edited by ). Smythe claims "Canewdon was not only one of the last places in which the traditional belief in witches survived, but also the home of the last Masters of Witches (Canewdon legend maintains that their witches have a Master). This old man, George Pickingale, died in 1909 aged ninety three. Pickingale was both a black and white magician, and while he was much feared by the villagers who dared not disobey him for fear of what he might do in reprisal, he would also charm their warts and was sometimes called in to settle their disputes. -
Strength Symbols
Ancient Japanese kanji symbol for Spiritual Strength Ancient Japanese symbol for Good Fortune. Ancient Japanese symbol for Black Sheep Ancient Japanese symbol for Supernatural Power. Strength Symbols The Bear-An ancient Heraldic symbol which signifies Strength. The Bull- Symbolized strenght in Egypt and other countries. Japanese Kanji Symbol for Strength Tabono - the 'paddles'. Ancient African Symbol- Symbol represents strength and perseverence. Celtic Boar symbol for Strength Chinese Symbol for Strength Good Luck Symbols Four Leaf Horseshoe-The horseshoe Clover-is a renown is considered very lucky symbol that means good and used to be hung in luck to the person who many homes to protect and finds one. What do the attract good fortune for the leaves symbolize? family residing inside. One leaf is for FAITH...The second for Horseshoes were also considered lucky HOPE... The third for LOVE... And the because they were made by fourth for LUCK! In Irish tradition the blacksmiths, which is also considered a Shamrock or Three-leaf Clover very lucky trade. Because they worked represents the Holy Trinity: one leaf for with elemental fire and magical iron, the Father, one for the Son and one for they were thought to have special the Holy Spirit. When a Shamrock is powers. found with the fourth leaf, it represents God's Grace. Lucky Rabbit's foot- Rabbits and hares were considered very lucky animals as they were associated with spring and the return of flowers and other plants. Spring was also a time of fertility and so rabbits were considered good luck to be seen running through the fields. -
2006 AEN Conference Special Issue
SPECIAL ISSUE ––– 2006 AEN CONFERENCE VOLUME V ISSUE 1 2010 ISSN: 1833-878X Pages 27-34 Olivia Caputo Water and Stone: The Re-Enactment of the Masculine in the Pagan ‘Reclaiming’ Tradition ABSTRACT This paper seeks to explore models of masculinity present within the contemporary spiritual community of the Reclaiming Collective in San Francisco, United States of America. The Reclaiming Collective is part of the wider contemporary Goddess spirituality movement, a movement which promotes the importance of changing patriarchal images of the divine through focus on the Goddess. Through an analysis of both the writings of Starhawk, the most read and published member of the collective, and the discussions and articles with the collective's long-running journal Reclaiming Quarterly this paper reveals the conflict between patriarchal and more radical models of masculinity. It concludes that the fluidity of gender promoted within the Reclaiming Collective stimulates members to understand masculinity as positive, anti-sexist and multifaceted. BIOGRAPHY Olivia Caputo is a PhD candidate at The University of Queensland's School of History Philosophy Religion and Classics. Her research involves critique of gender theory in the writing of two pioneers of the feminist Goddess movement, Carol P. Christ and Starhawk. Olivia has travelled to both the U. S. and the U. K. to gather material about contemporary Goddess communities such as the Reclaiming Collective in San Francisco and the Priestesses of Avalon in Glastonbury. She has presented papers at the Alternative 27 Expressions of the Numinous conference in 2006 and at the Association for Research on Mothering conference in 2007. Her other research interests include community radio, sustainable agriculture and the alternative D. -
Surviving and Thriving in a Hostile Religious Culture Michelle Mitchell Florida International University, [email protected]
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-14-2014 Surviving and Thriving in a Hostile Religious Culture Michelle Mitchell Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI14110747 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the New Religious Movements Commons Recommended Citation Mitchell, Michelle, "Surviving and Thriving in a Hostile Religious Culture" (2014). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1639. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1639 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida SURVIVING AND THRIVING IN A HOSTILE RELIGIOUS CULTURE: CASE STUDY OF A GARDNERIAN WICCAN COMMUNITY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in RELIGIOUS STUDIES by Michelle Irene Mitchell 2014 To: Interim Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts and Sciences This thesis, written by Michelle Irene Mitchell, and entitled Surviving and Thriving in a Hostile Religious Culture: Case Study of a Gardnerian Wiccan Community, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Lesley Northup _______________________________________ Dennis Wiedman _______________________________________ Whitney A. Bauman, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 14, 2014 The thesis of Michelle Irene Mitchell is approved. -
Episode #030 – the Inspiring Wendy Rule
“The Infinite and the Beyond” hosted by Chris Orapello Episode #030 – The Inspiring Wendy Rule 1 Episode #030 – The Inspiring Wendy Rule The Infinite and the Beyond An esoteric podcast for the introspective pagan mind hosted by Chris Orapello www.infinite-beyond.com Underline Theme: Awen and Inspiration Show Introduction MM, BB, 93, Hello and Welcome to the 30th Episode of “The Infinite and the Beyond,” an esoteric podcast for the introspective pagan mind. Where we explore a variety of topics which relate to life and one’s unique spiritual journey. I am your host Chris Orapello. Intro music by George Wood. In this episode… We speak with Australian Visionary Songstress Wendy Rule and get to enjoy some of her music. “Creator Destroyer” from her album The Wolf Sky “Guided by Venus” from her album Guided by Venus “My Sister the Moon” from her album Guided by Venus “The Wolf Sky (Live)” from her album Live at the Castle on the Hill “Circle Open (Live)” from her album Live at the Castle on the Hill We learn about the controversial, “King of the Witches,” Alex Sanders in A Corner in the Occult. In the spirit of creativity we learn about the Awen in The Essence of Magic, but first lets hear “Creator Destroyer” a haunting track by Wendy Rule. Featured Artist “Creator Destroyer” by Wendy Rule Interview Part 1 : Wendy Rule ➢ Wild, passionate and empowering, Australian Visionary Songstress Wendy Rule, weaves together music, mythology and ritual to take her audience on an otherworldly journey of depth and passion. Drawing on her deep love of Nature and lifelong fascination with the worlds of Faerie and Magic, Wendy’s songs combine irresistible melodies with rich aural textures and a rare personal honesty. -
The King of the Witches: the World of Alex Sanders
This torrent represents a w o rk of LOVE All texts so far gathered, as 'well as all future gatherings aim at e xposing interested students to occ u lt infonnation. Future re leases w ill include submissions fro m users like YOU. For some of us, the time has come to mobilize. If yo u h ave an interest in assisting in this process - w e all h ave strengths to b rin g to the tab le - please email occult.digital.mobilizationiGgmail.com Complacency serves the old gods, By the same author .itcbt~ The Grasshopper Boy i{iug of tbt : Zoo Without Bars The World of Alex Sanders JUNE JOHNS With photographs by JACK SMITH PETER DAVIES LONDON © 1969 byJuneJohns <toutents First published .1969 page Glossary viii Introduction I Chapters I. The Young Initiate 10 2. A Magic Childhood IS 3. The Haunted Hill 23 4. Call Down the Spirits 3° 5. Bewitched 36 6. The Devil to Pay 45 illustrations © 1969 byJack Smith 7. Time ofAtonement 53 8. In. Search ofAngels 64 9. The Unwelcome Apprentice 72 10. Relic of the Past 80 II. Witch Wedding 88 12. King ofthe Witches 96 13. Toil and Trouble l°S 14. Betrayal in the Coven II4 An Interview withAlex Sanders 120 Appendices A. The Book of Shadows 13° B. The Witches' Calendar 142 C. Initiation Ceremonies 145 D. The Magic ofMatter 152 Made and printed in Great Britain by Morrison and Gibb Limited; London and Edinburgh 3JIlustrations The illustrations appear between pages 56-57 and 72-73. Alex Sanders with his crystal Maxine blesses her athame Tarot cards The witches' circle . -
An Examination of Societal Impacts on Gender Roles in American and English Witchcraft
Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects Religion 4-18-2006 Who's in Charge? An Examination of Societal Impacts on Gender Roles in American and English Witchcraft Austin J. Buscher '06 Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/religion_honproj Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Buscher '06, Austin J., "Who's in Charge? An Examination of Societal Impacts on Gender Roles in American and English Witchcraft" (2006). Honors Projects. 6. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/religion_honproj/6 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Who's In Charge? An Examination of Societal Impacts on Gender Roles in American and English Witchcraft Austin J. Buscher Senior Honors Research Carole Myscofski, Advisor th Received Research Honors April 18 , 2006 Ie INTRODUCTION Since its genesis in the 1970s, American Witchcraftl has shown itself to be one ofthe most forward-looking and tolerant religions in the area ofwomen's roles and gender theory. -
The Methodology of Resistance in Contemporary Neopaganism
University of Puget Sound Sound Ideas Summer Research 2012 The ethoM dology of Resistance in Contemporary NeoPaganism Rebecca Short [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/summer_research Part of the Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, History of Religions of Western Origin Commons, New Religious Movements Commons, and the Other Religion Commons Recommended Citation Short, Rebecca, "The eM thodology of Resistance in Contemporary NeoPaganism" (2012). Summer Research. Paper 151. http://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/summer_research/151 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Sound Ideas. It has been accepted for inclusion in Summer Research by an authorized administrator of Sound Ideas. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rebecca Short 24 September 2012 Professor Greta Austin The Methodology of Resistance in Contemporary NeoPagan Culture The number of adherents of NeoPaganism is one of the fastest growing, doubling in numbers about every eighteen months. 1 NeoPaganism is a set of several religious traditions and spiritualities that seek to either (1) painstakingly reconstruct the indigenous religions of the Christianized world, especially those of Europe, or (2) reinterpret these religions in the contemporary era to formulate new religious traditions. Reconstructionist NeoPagan traditions include Asatru , a Norse Reconstructionist path, and Hellenismos , a Greek Reconstructionist religion. More contemporary, eclectic, new religious movements include Wicca, a tradition of religious witchcraft born out of the ancient Hermetic school of spirituality and magic practice. Wicca is by far the most popular tradition (or, now, set of traditions) in all of NeoPaganism. This religious tradition was started by a man named Gerald Gardner in 1950s England.