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Constructing the Witch in Contemporary American Popular Culture
"SOMETHING WICKED THIS WAY COMES": CONSTRUCTING THE WITCH IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE Catherine Armetta Shufelt A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2007 Committee: Dr. Angela Nelson, Advisor Dr. Andrew M. Schocket Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Donald McQuarie Dr. Esther Clinton © 2007 Catherine A. Shufelt All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Dr. Angela Nelson, Advisor What is a Witch? Traditional mainstream media images of Witches tell us they are evil “devil worshipping baby killers,” green-skinned hags who fly on brooms, or flaky tree huggers who dance naked in the woods. A variety of mainstream media has worked to support these notions as well as develop new ones. Contemporary American popular culture shows us images of Witches on television shows and in films vanquishing demons, traveling back and forth in time and from one reality to another, speaking with dead relatives, and attending private schools, among other things. None of these mainstream images acknowledge the very real beliefs and traditions of modern Witches and Pagans, or speak to the depth and variety of social, cultural, political, and environmental work being undertaken by Pagan and Wiccan groups and individuals around the world. Utilizing social construction theory, this study examines the “historical process” of the construction of stereotypes surrounding Witches in mainstream American society as well as how groups and individuals who call themselves Pagan and/or Wiccan have utilized the only media technology available to them, the internet, to resist and re- construct these images in order to present more positive images of themselves as well as build community between and among Pagans and nonPagans. -
From Healer to Heretic: Tracing the Path of the Witchwomen, Wicca, and the Magick of the Ephemeral Marianna Leishman
MP: An Online Feminist Journal January 2007. Volume 1, Issue 5 From Healer to Heretic: Tracing the Path of the WitchWomen, Wicca, and the Magick of the Ephemeral Marianna Leishman With many pagan rites and festivals celebrating matriarchal spiritualities and the feminine, Wicca’s emphasis on the sacredness of the individual and the earth is a far cry from the inundation of wicked Witches appearing in popular culture and the Middle Ages. To an extent a feminist reaction to medieval portrayals of Witches, Wicca revives ancient magickal, shamanistic and tribal wisdoms from rituals around the globe. Intent on correcting former images of women as either saint or sinner,1 Wicca entails a liberation and legitimation of feminine independence through celebrating menstrual, lunar, and life cycles of maiden, mother, and crone. Magick, the art of changing consciousness at will, gives women a sense of power over their own lives.2 Striking similarities discovered by anthropologists between historical Witch practices in Europe, Africa, the Americas, and the Pacific,3 illustrate a pervasive magickal worldview in which women were celebrated as midwives, healers, conjurers, seers, diviners and powerful sorcerers. Transmuted and modified under Christian influence,4 the concept of maleficium and heresy became increasingly attached to older, pagan elements of Witchcraft, and it adopted a unique stigma as an ecclesiastical crime.5 Hyped depictions of the medieval Witch were “not only female, but evil, old, and ugly,”6 a stereotype in contrast with women’s liberty in Pagandom.7 Societal beliefs in women’s inherent wickedness, them being “more foolish, and more apt to mistake.. -
Episode #030 – the Inspiring Wendy Rule
“The Infinite and the Beyond” hosted by Chris Orapello Episode #030 – The Inspiring Wendy Rule 1 Episode #030 – The Inspiring Wendy Rule The Infinite and the Beyond An esoteric podcast for the introspective pagan mind hosted by Chris Orapello www.infinite-beyond.com Underline Theme: Awen and Inspiration Show Introduction MM, BB, 93, Hello and Welcome to the 30th Episode of “The Infinite and the Beyond,” an esoteric podcast for the introspective pagan mind. Where we explore a variety of topics which relate to life and one’s unique spiritual journey. I am your host Chris Orapello. Intro music by George Wood. In this episode… We speak with Australian Visionary Songstress Wendy Rule and get to enjoy some of her music. “Creator Destroyer” from her album The Wolf Sky “Guided by Venus” from her album Guided by Venus “My Sister the Moon” from her album Guided by Venus “The Wolf Sky (Live)” from her album Live at the Castle on the Hill “Circle Open (Live)” from her album Live at the Castle on the Hill We learn about the controversial, “King of the Witches,” Alex Sanders in A Corner in the Occult. In the spirit of creativity we learn about the Awen in The Essence of Magic, but first lets hear “Creator Destroyer” a haunting track by Wendy Rule. Featured Artist “Creator Destroyer” by Wendy Rule Interview Part 1 : Wendy Rule ➢ Wild, passionate and empowering, Australian Visionary Songstress Wendy Rule, weaves together music, mythology and ritual to take her audience on an otherworldly journey of depth and passion. Drawing on her deep love of Nature and lifelong fascination with the worlds of Faerie and Magic, Wendy’s songs combine irresistible melodies with rich aural textures and a rare personal honesty. -
An Examination of Societal Impacts on Gender Roles in American and English Witchcraft
Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects Religion 4-18-2006 Who's in Charge? An Examination of Societal Impacts on Gender Roles in American and English Witchcraft Austin J. Buscher '06 Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/religion_honproj Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Buscher '06, Austin J., "Who's in Charge? An Examination of Societal Impacts on Gender Roles in American and English Witchcraft" (2006). Honors Projects. 6. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/religion_honproj/6 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Who's In Charge? An Examination of Societal Impacts on Gender Roles in American and English Witchcraft Austin J. Buscher Senior Honors Research Carole Myscofski, Advisor th Received Research Honors April 18 , 2006 Ie INTRODUCTION Since its genesis in the 1970s, American Witchcraftl has shown itself to be one ofthe most forward-looking and tolerant religions in the area ofwomen's roles and gender theory. -
Spiritual Philosophy & Practice of Wicca in the U.S. Military (PDF
SPIRITUAL PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICE OF WICCA IN THE U.S. MILITARY David L. Oringderff, Ph.D. Ronald W. Schaefer, Lt Col USAF SPIRITUAL PHILOSOPHY and PRACTICE of WICCA In the U.S. MILITARY David L. Oringderff, Ph.D. Ronald W. Schaefer, Lt Col USAF Acknowledgments This work developed out of an identified need for clear and concise information regarding the practice of Wicca, particularly as it pertains to US military members and their families, friends, commanders, and chaplains. Many people were significantly involved in this effort. The authors would particularly like to thank Reverend Selena Fox and Circle Sanctuary, the Reverend Rene Delaere of Greencraft and the Sacred Well for their direct and substantial contributions, as well as Silverdrake for their work in the previous editions of this guide, Overview and Guide for Wiccans in the Military. We would also like to recognize the energy, love and support given by the International Executive Council of Clerics of the Sacred Well Congregation, Hera, Odinda, Itárilde, Arghuicha, and Gayomard. Special thanks goes to Father Timothy Ullman for his assistance in researching constitutional law and applicable service regulations. The Sacred Well Congregation PO Box 58 Converse, Texas 78109 Samhain, 2001, First edition The authors and the Sacred Well Congregation extend use of this copyrighted material to military and governmental agencies and other educational and non profit institutions and organizations so long as copyright notices, credits, and integrity of the material is maintained and the material is not used for any commercial purpose. 2 Spiritual Philosophy and Practice of Wicca in the U.S. -
Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY Archives Doreen Valiente Papers, The Keep Archival Centre, Brighton. Feminist Archive North, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds. Feminist Archive South, Bristol University Library. Feminist Library, South London. Library of Avalon, Glastonbury. Museum of Witchcraft’s Library, Boscastle, England. Peter Redgrove Papers, University of Sheffeld’s Library. Robert Graves Papers, St. John’s College Library, Oxford University. Sisterhood and After: The Women’s Liberation Oral History Project, The British Library. Starhawk Collection, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley. Women’s Library, London School of Economics Library. Primary Sources Amanda, “Greenham Festival of Life,” Pipes of PAN 7 (1982): 3. Anarchist Feminist Newsletter 3 (September 1977). Anon., You Can’t Kill the Spirit: Yorkshire Women Go to Greenham (S.L.: Bretton Women’s Book Fund, 1983). Anon., “Becoming a Pagan,” Greenleaf (5 November 1992). © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive 277 license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 S. Feraro, Women and Gender Issues in British Paganism, 1945–1990, Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46695-4 278 BIBLIOGRAPHY “Aquarian Pagans,” The Cauldron 22 (Beltane 1981): 5. Arachne 1 (May Eve 1983). Arachne Collective, “Arachne Reborn,” Arachne 2 (1985): 1. Ariadne, “Progressive Wicca: The New Tradition,” Dragon’s Brew 3 (January 1991): 12–16. Asphodel, “Letter,” Revolutionary and Radical Feminist Newsletter 8 (1981). Asphodel, “Letters,” Wood and Water 2:1 (Samhain 1981): 24–25. Asphodel, “Womanmagic,” Spare Rib 110 (September 1981): 50–53. Asphodel, “Letter,” Matriarchy Research and Reclaim Network Newsletter 9 (Halloween 1982). Asphodel, “Feminism and Spirituality: A Review of Recent Publications 1975– 1981,” Women’s Studies International Forum 5:1 (1982): 103–108. -
Religion and the Return of Magic: Wicca As Esoteric Spirituality
RELIGION AND THE RETURN OF MAGIC: WICCA AS ESOTERIC SPIRITUALITY A thesis submitted for the degree of PhD March 2000 Joanne Elizabeth Pearson, B.A. (Hons.) ProQuest Number: 11003543 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11003543 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION The thesis presented is entirely my own work, and has not been previously presented for the award of a higher degree elsewhere. The views expressed here are those of the author and not of Lancaster University. Joanne Elizabeth Pearson. RELIGION AND THE RETURN OF MAGIC: WICCA AS ESOTERIC SPIRITUALITY CONTENTS DIAGRAMS AND ILLUSTRATIONS viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix ABSTRACT xi INTRODUCTION: RELIGION AND THE RETURN OF MAGIC 1 CATEGORISING WICCA 1 The Sociology of the Occult 3 The New Age Movement 5 New Religious Movements and ‘Revived’ Religion 6 Nature Religion 8 MAGIC AND RELIGION 9 A Brief Outline of the Debate 9 Religion and the Decline o f Magic? 12 ESOTERICISM 16 Academic Understandings of -
P a G a N W O R
Pagan World 29 Pagan World 29 Year 8 Issue 1 March 21, 2006 Welcome to the 29th issue of Pagan World! After a one year hiatus, it is great to be back with my 'baby' Pagan World! A big thanks to Celeb for taking such good care of Pagan World during my one-year absence! L L A bit of history about Pagan World : This magazine began as a hard-copy only newsletter back in 1997, when Tony Kemp, who at the time was the International Coordinator of the PFI, realized that European members of the UK based Pagan Federation should have a newsletter for themselves, giving us more 'local' information than the UK oriented member magazine Pagan Dawn. So on top of all of his other PF work, in 1998 Tony published two issues of a newsletter that he called Europa . In March 1999, being buried under with writing his own books and other personal obligations, Tony Kemp handed over the editorship of Europa to me and his position as International Coordinator over to Morgana. We then immediately began to produce Europa every 3 months in both a hard-copy version (for members without an internet connection), as well as an online version. The online version served 3 important purposes: 1) it cut our costs greatly letting us use the extra cash to organize more conferences and activities 2) it allowed us to spread our Pagan wings worldwide 3) and last but not least, we killed less trees. It quickly became apparent that the online version 'worked'. Not only had the Pagan Federation branched out of the UK into Europe, but into the rest of the World. -
A Christian Perspective on the Occult Moderate Occultism: Witchcraft by Richard G
A Christian Perspective on the Occult Moderate Occultism: Witchcraft by Richard G. Howe, Ph.D. Witchcraft It May Not Be What You Think Richard G. Howe, Ph.D. 1 Preliminaries 2 What kind of thoughts does the term 'Witchcraft' bring about? What kind of thoughts does the term 'Witchcraft' bring about? 3 4 Deborah Ann Light and Don Frew of Covenant of the Goddess with Bishop Swing and Charles Gibbs of the United Religions Initiative visit together before the Opening Ceremony of the Parliament. 5 6 An Important Distinction 7 8 The Many Names of Witchcraft • The term Wica (one 'c') was introduced by Gerald Gardner in the late 1940s/early 1950s. Gardner is generally regarded as the founder of the modern witchcraft movement. • This aspect is sometimes referred to as "Gardnerian Witchcraft." Wicca 9 Gerald Gardner 1884-1964 • The term Wica (one 'c') was introduced by Gerald Gardner in the late 1940s/early 1950s. Gardner is generally regarded as the founder of the modern witchcraft movement. • This aspect is sometimes referred to as "Gardnerian Witchcraft." • The term 'witchcraft' encompases both "Gardnerian" Witches (i.e., Wiccans) as well as witches who do not regard themselves as "Gardnerian" (e.g., Alexandrian) Wicca Witchcraft 10 Alex Sanders 1926-1988 • The term Wica (one 'c') was introduced by Gerald Gardner in the late 1940s/early 1950s. Gardner is generally regarded as the founder of the modern witchcraft movement. • This aspect is sometimes referred to as "Gardnerian Witchcraft." • The term 'witchcraft' encompases both "Gardnerian" Witches (i.e., Wiccans) as well as witches who do not regard themselves as "Gardnerian" (e.g., Alexandrian) Wicca • The term 'neo-pagan' not only includes Wiccans and Witches, "but also includes the groups (and individuals) that try to Witchcraft 'reconstruct' ancient, pre- and non-Christian religious systems—such as the Norse, Celtic, Greek, Roman, and Egyptian Neo-Paganism religions—as well as the followers of various obscure, forgotten, and neglected occult teachings from around the world." [Alexander, Mainstream, p. -
Wiccan Book of Shadows Free Download
Wiccan book of shadows free download Continue This article is about Vikka's traditional book. For other purposes, see the Book of Shadows (disambigation). One of Gerald Gardner's earliest books on shadows. The Book of Shadows is a book containing religious text and instructions for magical rituals found in the neo-pagan religion of Vikki and in many pagan practices. One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneer Wickan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s, and which he used first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covenants he founded in the decades that followed. The book of shadows is also used by other Vickan traditions, such as Alexandria and Mohsianism, and with the rise of books, to teach people how to start after Vikki in the 1970s, the idea of the Book of Shadows was then spread among single practitioners not associated with earlier traditions. Initially, when the Vikka was still dominated by the coven, only one copy of the book existed for a whole coven, a preserved high priest or high priest. This rule was unfeasible, and now all witches have their own copies. In the various traditions that make up the British traditional Wikku, copies of the original book compiled by Gerald Gardner with the help of his high priest Doreen Valiente, along with the changes and additions that have been made since then, are followed by adherents. They tried to keep the contents of the book a secret, although it had been published on several occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell, Lady Sheba, and Janet and Stuart Farrar. -
Priestess Mentoring Program Overview
The Apple Branch Feminist Dianic Wicca Priestess Mentoring Program Overview Our Feminist Dianic Wicca Mentoring Program is open to all Women who wish to study in the Tradition of Feminist Dianic Wicca as originated by Z Budapest and receive clergy certification as a Priestess in the Tradition after satisfactory completion of the prescribed classes. Service to the Goddess and to humanity is an important part of our life and character. We believe that there are many paths to enlightenment and to truth...no one path is "better" than another. All have validity. As such women of the Apple Branch serve in a variety of ways. All are trained to assist others in life passages. There are those who specialize in the healing arts. They may be teachers, counselors and artists. There are those who serve as "edge walkers" and who specialize in the awareness of and use of energy. Regardless of the specialty, all work with the natural order of life, in balance and harmony with all. Magic is viewed as a potential for creation, a potential that exists within all things... living and non-living. We draw upon this energy and the energy within ourselves to bring into manifestation that which is needed for the highest good of all. We give thanks and offerings respectfully as we know that we still have much to learn. Specialties may include, but are not limited to: Ritual Priestess, Guardian Priestess, Healer Priestess, Temple Priestess, Creative Priestess (writing and the arts), Eco-Spiritual Priestess (environmental), etc. All women will follow the prescribed course for Feminist Dianic Wicca Priestess Mentoring, as well as chose whatever studies in her specialty. -
Pagan Mysticism
Pagan Mysticism Pagan Mysticism: Paganism as a World Religion By Michael York Pagan Mysticism: Paganism as a World Religion By Michael York This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Michael York All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-2047-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2047-9 This book is dedicated to Nancy York, Adrian Ivakhiv, Natacha Dauphin and the memories of Deborah Ann Light and John Quincy Adams. Existence is beyond the power of words To define: ... From wonder into wonder Existence opens. —Laotzu TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................ ix Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 29 Christian Mysticism Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 56 Hindu Mystics Chapter Four .............................................................................................