Carl Parcher Russell '

Home , Carl Schurz, Challis (fabric), Colt Paterson, Colt Walker, Derringer, Elfego Baca

CARL PARCHER RUSSELL '

An Indexed Register of His Scholarly and Professional Papers 1920 - 1967

in the WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

Pullman 1970 GREEN RIVER AND THE TRAPPERS' RENDEZVOUS 1824-1840

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MILES

0 10 20 30 Drawn under the supervision of CARL P. Russell

CARL PARCHER RUSSELL

An Indexed Register of His Scholarly and Professional Papers 1920 - 1967

in the WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

All rights are reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical essays or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photo copying, recording, or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher, Washington State University Library. Other published finding aids available from the Washington State University Library

William Compton Brown: a calendar of his papers in the Washington State University Library. Pullman, 1966.

William Edward Carty: an indexed register of his papers, 1898-1963, in the Washington State University Library. Pullman, 1967.

Knute Hill: a register of his papers, 1909-1963, in the Washington State University Library. Pullman, 1966.

Walt Horan: A register of his papers, 1943-1965, in the Washington State University Library. Pullman, 1965,

Lon Johnson: a register of his papers, 1912-1966, in the Washington State University Library .. Pullman, 1966.

The papers of Lucullus Virgil McWhorter. Pullman, 1959. (Reprinted f/ from Research Studies of the Washington State University, Vol. 26, Nos. 2, 3, 4; Vol. 27, Nos, 1, 2)

Austin Mires: an indexed register of his papers, 1872-1936, in the Washington State University Library. Pullman, 1968.

Three centuries of Mexican documents: a partial calendar of the Regla papers. Pullman, 1963, (Reprinted from Research Studies of the rvashington State University, Vol. 30, Nos. 3, 4; Vol. 31, Nos. 1, 2, 3)

V. Camp

2. Winter.FeedingCottonwoodk<:i bark to horses

( 3) CONTENTS

Preface 5

Vita 7

Description and Arrangement 10

Container List

Series I 14 Series II 26 Index 34

( 4) PREFACE

Full credit must go to the three professional librarians and their assistants for the work required to prepare this indexed register. Each found the collection an exciting one and hold marked admiration for the meticulous scholarship and fine professional judgments of Carl Parcher Russell. Of special note was the work of Mrs. Audrey Turner and Mr, Ben E. Johnson, collaborators in the arrangement of the collection and the initial indexers, establishing entries and procedures.

The Carl Parcher Russell Papers in g_uality ranks with the great L. V. McWhorter collection on the Nez Perce Indians and I regard it as a prestige holding along with the Conde de Regla and Pierre-Jean De Smet collections. There are no items in the collection that are unrelated to the scholarly work of Car-1 Pa_rcher Russell, who seemingly spent most of his waking hours in the study of trapping, trading, and transportation of the pelts of wild fur-bearing animals, - everything prior to sale to the fur industry. He was unrelenting in his search for the facts con cerning trapping material and procedures.

This collection is of value to historians, anthropologists, and historical archeologists. Whomever may wish to have unvarnished facts of the close-in actualities of the fur trade will find here almost everything that is presently known.

' The University appreciates the kindness of Charles Scribner's Sons 1.1 for permission to use Map No. 102 in Atlas of American History, prepared under the supervision of Dr. Russell, that appears on the inside front cover, and the cooperation of the National Park Service for permission to reproduce the sketches in the collection by William Macy and James Mulcahy.

I shall ever be personally grateful to Mrs. Audrey Turner, Mr. Ben E. Johnson, Mrs. Josephine Manning, Mr. William C. Overton, Mr. Thomas Riddle, and to Mrs. Linda Scott, my secretary, who provided the clerical work in a project whose end seemed to be at infinity.

Earle Connette

Librarian and Chief Manuscripts-Archives Division

( 5) 225 225 225 225 ,CARL P. RUSSELL CARL P. RUSSELL CARL P. RUSSEl.l PAPERS PAPERS PAPERS 1920-1967 1920-1967 1920-1967 f!I~ J, f,,_ l ff,,'i,lll

CARL P. RUSSELL PAPERS 1920-1967

fUFi Tl'/_,I_ /,',l, Ff1,•'i1 llii

171

My study has involved thousands of investigations, each to the fifth decimal point. My facts will stand hard scrutiny. I have dealt with the written word, records, documents, artifacts, and all forms of source information with hardly an hour when not actually at grips with a source item or thinking about it. I have thrived upon that which others have over looked or regarded as unimportant scraps. There have been no minor matters [to meJ

- draft of letter to LeRoy Hafen, November 1, 1963 CARL PARCHER RUSSELL PAPERS

Accession Number 225

The collection was arranged by Mrs. Audrey Turner and Mr. Ben E. Johnson, librarians, who then began the indexing that was completed by Mrs. Josephine Manning, librarian, assisted by Mr. William C. Overton and Mr. Thomas Riddle, doctoral candidates in American Studies and United States History, and clerically by other members of the Manuscripts Archives Division staff.

The papers and library of Carl Parcher Russell were purchased by the Washington State University Library in October, 1967, from Mrs. Elizabeth M. Westphal Russell, after probate of the Russell estate.

Number of containers: 96 Linear feet of shelf space occupied: 45 Number of items: 24,916

The literary rights in the unpublished writings and other properties (photographs, sketches, graphic illustrations, etc.) in this collection are reserved by the Washington State University Library.

VITA

Carl Parcher Russell, historian, ecologist, and administrator, was an officer of the National Park Service for 34 years, 1923 to his retirement in 1957. He was dedicated to the study of the frontier. His concern for the minute, everyday facets of frontier life was expanded and intensified with a passion to such depths during these years and afterwards to his death in 1967, that he was regarded by his peers as the authority in his fields of specialization: the fur trade, and documentation for historical interpretation of frontier and pioneer life for the National Park Service and other agencies. Carl Parcher Russell worked selflessly with untiring energy in his never-ending search for unembellished facts.

Dr. Russell was devoted to the development and stimulation of interest in and encouragement of a more complete understanding of life on the western frontier from exploration through early national expansion. This near-definitive collection, the product of his scholarship and technical knowledge, may now be drawn upon by qualified scholars for research and

(7) interpretation of this significant and romantic period in Western United States history,

In the ten years remaining after his retirement, Russell gave most of his time and energy to pursuit of knowledge in his fields of interest and he was noticeably active as a published author, lecturer, and planner and consultant for historical museums and facilities. His Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain Men, published posthumously by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. , in 1967, is a capstone to his life I s work. Unfortunately, this title is but the second of an incomplete trilogy; in the collection are hundreds of items he was unable to exploit in his plan to write more concerning the methods and details in the lives of the explorers, trappers, traders, frontiersmen, soldiers, and pioneer migrants.

Born, January 18, Fall River, Wisconsin

1915 A.B. (Biology), Ripon College

1917 M.A. (Cytology), University of Michigan

1922 Married Elizabeth M. Westphal

1923-1929 Entered the National Park Service; Park Naturalist, Yosemite National Park

1929-1934 Field Naturalist and Museum Specialist

1931 Ph.D. (Ecology), University of Michigan One Hundred Years in Yosemite, Stanford University Press and Oxford University Press

1935-1936 Chief, Museum Division, National Park Service

1936 Oberlander Fellowship; Tour of European museums (Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation)

1936-1937 Chief, Wildlife Division, National Park Service

1937-1939 Director, Region One, National Park Service

1939-1947 Chief Naturalist, National Park Service

1947-1952 Superintendent, Yosemite National Park

1951 LL.D., Ripon College

1952 Guggenheim Fellowships

( 8) 1954-1957 Coordinator of Research and Interpretation, Western Office, National Park Service

1957 Retired Guns on the Early Frontiers, University of California Press

Death, June 19 Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain Men, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

(9) DESCRIPTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE PAPERS

The Carl Parcher Russell papers include personal, professional, and office correspondence that pertain to his scholarly interests. The bulk of the coll_ection is his assembled western frontier materials for the period 1804-1843. All are the working· papers of an acclaimed scholar in the fields of western overland fur trade, firearms, frontier artifacts, and frontiersmen.

Public relations were continuously a part of Russell's employment in the National Park Service. The preparation of publishable essays and presentation of public lectures were always an important part of his life. These activities required work in many libraries and museums all over the North American continent and in Europe.

Dr. Russell's consuming interest was the materiel and procedures of the trappers and .early traders. His field notes and clever sketches alone, often based on elusive diaries and manuscripts, rare books, and period merchandise catalogs (firearms, traps, tools, etc,) or concerning historic three-dimensional objects, fill 45 loose-leaf notebooks. This information is unblemished by legend or fiction. His research supported numerous published essays and his three monographs: One Hundred Years in Yosemite; Guns on the Early Frontiers; and Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain Men, At the time of his death he had collected and organized illustrations and outlined chapters for an additional monograph: Camps, Camp Life and Procedures of the Mountain Men.

Dr, Russell's study of the fur trade and the mountain men was indispensable in his assignments in the National Park Service. He used his research for technical reports, lectures, radio scripts, and planning exhibits, illustrations, and interpretative information and programs for historical museums, The collection reflects Russell's involvement in conservation controversies, park management, National Park Service training programs, and the history of the National Park Service and its personnel.

The western overland fur trade materials are separated from those pertaining to Russell's other scholarly activities in the National Park Service. This division is the basis for the arrangement of the collection in two series: I. Fur Trade and Frontier and II. National Park Service. Examination of the following outline will provide an understanding of the undisturbed subject arrangement used by Russell. The term "general" designates materials either not agreeing specifically with the subjects or that include more than one topic. Duplicates are often placed in two or more locations, to complete or complement' other materials. In every case, the index will lead the searcher to all items.

( 10) SERIES I. FUR TRADE AND FRONTIER

A. Correspondence (Containers 1-5)

Alcohol, axes, boats, containers, firearms, furs, hardware, horses, Indians, ornaments, persons, pipes, places, textiles, tobacco, traps, general·

B. Essays and Manuscripts (Containers 6-21)

Alcohol, axes, beaver, blankets, boats, buffalo, containers, currency, firearms, furs, hardware, horses, Indians, knives, ornaments, persons, pipes, places,~tobacco, traps, general

C. Annotated Bibliography (Containers 22-25)

Beaver, firearms, Indians, knives, military, persons, places, tobacco, traps, general

D. Merchandise Catalogs (Container 26)

Axes, firearms, hardware, knives, traps

E. Illustrations (Containers 27-29)

Alcohol, axes, bear, beaver, boats, buffalo, cannon, clothing, containers, encampments, firearms, furs, hardware, horses, Indians, knives, maps, money, ornaments, persons, pipes, places, traps, wagons, general

F. Newspapers (Container 30)

Firearms clippings and the Western Literary Messenger, 1843-1844

( 11) G. Writings of Carl Parcher Russell

1. Books (Containers 31-43)

a. Preliminary Matters

Guggenheim fellowships, permissions, picture books, publishing possibilities

b, Guns on the Early Frontiers; a History of Firearms from Colonial Times Through the Years of the Western Fur Trade

c. Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain Men

d. Camps, Camp Life and Procedures of the Mountain Men

2. Essays (Containers 44-45)

Firearms, persons, places, general

3. Notes (Containers 46-57)

a. Notebooks

axes, boats, firearms, fur trade, illustrations, military, ornaments, persons, places, pipes, traps

b. Loose notes

firearms, hardware, knives, persons, places, tobacco, traps, general

4. Projects (Containers 58-67)

California, Crabb, Indiana fur trade, Iroquois fur trade, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, Lewis and Clark Expedition

H. Three-Dimensional Objects (Containers 68-69)

Trap, Indian pipe, knife sheath, microfilm, 35mm slides, 16mm color film on beaver trapping

(12) SERIES II. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

A. Correspondence, 1921-1965 (Containers 70-72)

B. Biographies (Containers 73-77)

C, Essays and Docwnents (Containers 78-91)

Conservation, history of the National Park Service, interpretive programs, national parks and other places, park management, state parks, training programs

D. Writings of Carl Parcher Russell (Containers 92-95)

l. One Hundred Years in Yosemite; the Story of a Great Park and Its Friends

2, Essays, speeches, radio scripts, etc.

HorseII Transportationl ,

Red River Carts, 1801- 1802.

(13) CONTAINER LIST

A container list shows the shelf arrangement of a collection and the placement of the contents in that arrangement to facilitate efficient location of information needed by the searcher. Also, the searcher can gain a complete view of the extent of the collection in two ways: through serendipity using the container list or via the specific index entries, and persons using this indexed register are so admonished.

In this collection, .folders are numbered 1 to 582. Folder 28 can be seen to hold 130 items pertaining to hardware. This folder is in container or box 4. In addition, there are 26 essays (folder 57, container 8), a merchandise catalog (folder 130, container 26), and 21 illustrations (folder 144, container 28) concerned with hardware.

A container list, using broad subjects, supplements the index and the searcher should consult the explanatory statement on page 34. Con tinuing with hardware as an example, there is no subject entry for this subject in the index. Rather, hardware materiel are entered by common names: adzes, axes, etc. This refinement enables the searcher to go directly to the folder containing specific information about a particular implement or tool or other piece of hardware rather than search folders that may not produce the information he is seeking.

(14) CONTAINER LIST

SERIES I : FUR TRADE AND FRONTIER

Container Folder Number of Items

A. Correspondence

1 1 Alcohol 2 2 Axes ll4 3 Boats 38 4 Containers (glass; metal, pottery) 22 5-7 Firearms 300

2 8-12 Firearms 527

3 13-22 Firearms 677

4 23-26 Firearms 412 27 Furs 13 28 Hardware 130 29 Horses 9 30 Indians 9 31 Knives 59

5 32 Ornaments 25 33 Persons: Arthur H. Clark Co. 98 34 Persons: Artists 26 35 Persons: Jack Haynes 19 36 Persons: General 91 37 Places 68 38 Pipes 3 39 Textiles 12 40 Tobacco 6 41 Traps 46 42 General: 1943-1949 85 43 General: 1950-1966 103

(15) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Nwnber of Items

B. Essays and Manuscripts, published and unpublished

6 44 Alcohol 14 45 Axes 14 46 Beaver 4 47 Blankets l 48 Boats 21 49 Buffalo 2 50 Containers 24 51 Currency 3 7 52-55 Firearms: A-Z 87 8 56 Furs 38 57 Hardware 26 58 Horses 8

9 59 Indians: Yosemite archaeological excavation 1952, 1954 l 60 Indians: Green Springs Plantation 2 61-63 Indians: A-Z 52 64 Indians: General 14 10 65 Knives 8 66 Ornaments 9 67 Pipes l 68 Persons: A-C 26 69 William Henry Ashley 9 70 Persons: D-K 38 11 71-73 Persons: 1-8 101

12 74 Persons: T-Z 17 75 Persons: General 23 13 76-78 Places: A-C 17 79 California 28

14 80-81 Places: D-F 15 82 Forts: A-F 10 15 83-86 Forts: G-Z 44 87 Forts: General 6

(16) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

B. Essays and Manuscripts, published and unpublished (continued)

16 88-93 Places: G-N 39

17 94 Northwest 7 95-97 Places: 0-R 46

18 98-99 Places: s 26

19 100-102 Places: T-W 27 103 Williamsburg 11

20 104 Places: y 8 105 Places: General 10 106 Textiles 14 107 Tobacco 12 108 Traps 14

21 109 General: A-M 7 110 General: N-Z 2 111 General: Anonymous 17

c. Bibliography

22 112 Beaver 686

23 113 Firearms 139 114 Indians 4 115 Knives 2 116 Military 140 117 Persons 205 118 Places 55

24 119 Tobacco 3 120 Traps 3 121-122 General 644

25 123-125 General 602

( 7) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

D. Merchandise Catalogs

26 126 Axes 3 127 Firearms 28 128 Traps 9 129 Knives l 130 Hardware l

E. Illustrations

27 131 Alcohol 11 132 Axes 99 133 Bear 3 134 Beaver 8 135 Boats 28 136 Buffalo 20 137 Cannon 87

28 138 Clothing 16 139 Containers 18 140 Encampments 31 141 Firearms 83 142 Firearms: Muskets, by model date 51 143 Furs 15 144 Hardware 21 145 Horses 27 146 Indians 46 147 Knives 4 148 Maps 23 149 Money 3 150 Ornaments 33

29 151 Persons 90 152 Pipes 14 153 Places 194 154 Traps 104 155 Wagons 29 156 General 12

(18) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

F. Newspapers

30 l57 Gun and Cartridge Record 23 l58 Firearms clippings l8 l59 Western Literary Messenger 54

G. Writings of Carl Parcher Russell

l. Books

a. Preliminary Matters

31 l60 Guggenheim Fellowship, l95l-l954 l5l l6l Guggenheim Fellowship, l958 3l l62 Permissions l28 l63 Picture Books 26 l64 Publishing possibilities 8

b. Guns on the Early Frontiers

32 l65 Correspondence l30 l66 Correspondence l05 l67 Inscriptions and gift copies 99 l68 Reviews l42 l69 Chapter I l9

33 l70-l72 Chapter I l05 l73-l74 Chapter II 5

34 l75 Chapter III 6 l76-l77 Chapter IV 48

35 l78 Chapter V 25 l79 Chapter VI 29 l80 Guns on the Early Frontiers, published copy l l8l General l2

(l9) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

b. Guns on the Early Frontiers (continued) 36 182 Bibliography, footnotes l 183-185 Proofs 260 37 186-188 Proofs 109 189 End paper drawings 2

c. Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain Men

38 190 Doubleday and Co,: correspondence 13 191 Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. : correspondence 201 192 Preliminary preparations 4 193 Preface 8 194 Acknowledgments 5 195 Chapter I 79 196-198 Chapter II 124

39 199-202 Chapter III 181 203-205 Chapter IV 137

40 206-208 Chapter V 148 209 Chapter VI 44 2l0 Chapter VII 28 211 Appendix A 10 212 Appendix B 19

41 213 Appendix C 15 214 Appendix D 4 215 Deleted Appendices 11 216 Bibliography 8 217 Index 2 218 Proofs: Chapter I-III l 219 Proofs: Chapter IV-V l 220 Proofs: Chapter VI and Bibliography l 221 Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain Men published copy l

42 222 Chapter I-II 5 223 Chapter III-IV 2 224 Chapter V-VI 2 225 Chapter VII, Appendices and Bibliography 6 226 Deleted Appendices 10

(20) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

d, Camps, Carrrp Life and Procedures of the Mountain Men

43 227 Organization plans 10 228 Notes, outline 15 229 Illustrations 57 230 Text with illustrations 25 231 Containers: Text with illustrations 26 232 Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.: correspondence 25

2. Essays and Articles

44 233 Fremont I s Cannon 21 234 Firearms 28 235 The Indian and the Gun 2 236 Trade Musket 11 237 General 22 238 Picture Books of the Fur Trade History Museum of American Fur Trade 50 239 Indian Wars of the U. S. Army 1776-1865 by Fairfax Downey: review 24 240 The Military in the Far West 6

45 241 Persons 24 242-244, Places 97

3, Notes

a, Notebooks

46 245 Firearms: Mountain Howitzer I 176 246 Firearms: Mountain Howitzer II 39 247 Firearms: Military arms, pistols 114 248 Firearms: Military arms, muskets, rifles 223

47 249 Firearms: Rifles 72 250 Firearms: Indian rifles 78 251 Firearms: Trade guns 195 252 Firearms: A-1 210

(21) CONTAIN ER LI ST

Container Folder Number of Items

a. Notebooks (continued)

48 253 Firearms : Mc-Q 157 254 Firearms: R-Z 123 255 Fur Trade 174 256 Processes and procedures: Illus tr at ions 125 257 Museums visited 180

49 258 Fur Trade: A 77 259 Fur Trade: Axes, American 251 260 Fur Trade: Axes, European 150 261 Fur Trade: B 158

50 262 Fur Trade: Boats 190 263 Fur Trade: C-E 228 264 Fur Trade: F-H 234 265 Fur Trade: I 218

51 266 Fur Trade: Knives 228 267 Fur Trade: J-K 79 268 Fur Trade: L-N 94 269 Fur Trade: Military 201 270 Fur Trade: Ornaments I 72

52 271 Fur Trade: Ornaments II 140 272 Fur Trade: Ornaments III 70 273 Fur Trade: Pipes 173 274 Fur Trade: P-T 144

53 275 Fur Trade: Steel traps I 139 276 Fur Trade: Steel traps II 128 277 Fur Trade: U-Z 48

54 278 Persons and Places: A 77 279 Persons and Places: B-E 125 280 Persons and Places: F-G 198 281 Persons and Places: H-L 173

55 282 Persons and Places: M-S 367 283 Persons and Places: T-Z 82 284 Persons and Places: Artists 93 285 Persons and Places: Authors 85

56 286 Persons and Places: California fur trade 76 287 Persons and Places: General 69 288 Persons and Places: Rendezvous, 1824-40 172

(22) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

b. Loose Notes

57 289 Cannon 2 290 Beaver 2 291 Firearms 36 292 Hardware 4 293 Indians 11 294 People 12 295 Knives 3 296 Places 12 297 Tobacco 1 298 Traps 5 299 General 97

4. Projects

a. California Project

58 300 Places: I 32 301 Places: II 58 302 Civil War 24

59 303 Persons 13 304 Mother Lode 2 305 Correspondence 42 306 Notes 8 307 Illustrations 8 308 Bibliography 51

b, Crabb Project

60 309 Biographies and correspondence 98 310 Francis Cummins Lockwood l 311 Newspaper clippings 55

c. Indiana Fur Trade Project

312 Correspondence 72 313 Notes 45 314 Manuscripts 26 315 Bibliographies, illustrations 44

(23) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

d, Iroquois Fur Trade Project

60 316 Photographs, manuscripts 64 (continued)

e, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Project

61 317 Interpretive prospectus 2 318 Architectural competition 5 319 Manuscripts 10 320 General 6

62 321 Correspondence 232 322 Essays 12

f. Lewis and Clark Project

63 323 Marker notes 37 324 Historic Sites: Reports 3 325 Illustrations, articles 25 326 Sites and Markers 137 327 Markers, correspondence 22

64 328 Correspondence: 1954-1959 122 329 Correspondence: 1959-1965 107 330 Notes 197 331 Illustrations 80

g, Lewis and Clark Project: Fort Clatsop

65 332 Newspaper clippings 20 333 TV documentary 12 334 Historical Area Report 2 335 Historical Building Report: Data Section 10 336 Preliminary exhibit plan 15 337-338 Prospectus 16 339 Historic objects: Prospectus, exhibit plan 50 340 Museum plan, exhibit plan 4

66 341-342 Essays: A-Z 28 343 Source Material: Anonymous 10

(24) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

g. Lewis and Clark l'roj ect: Fort Clatsop ( contlnued)

67 344 Source Material: Notes, correspondence 7 345 Source Material: Illustrations 15 346 University of Oklahoma Press: Correspondence 31 347 Bibliography 7 348 Notebook: Bibliography (Lewis and Clark) 207 349 Notebook: Three-dimensional objects 208 350 Notebook: Relics, documents, etc. 81

H. Three-Dimensional Objects

68 351 Trap (Hiatt) 1

69 352 Indian pipe 1 353 Indian knife sheath 1 354 Office of Indian Affairs: Microfilm (records) 4 355 Office of Quartermaster: Microfilm (records) 2 356 American Fur Co. Papers: Microfilm 2 357 Lake Tahoe: 35mm Slides 6 358 Hazlett's Company: 35mm Slides 40 359 Beaver Trapping: 16mm Film 1 360 Beaver, etc. : 35mm Slides 82 361 Beaver Trapping: Film production correspondence 9 CONTAINER LIST

SERIES II: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Container Folder Number of Items

A. Correspondence, 1921-1965

70 362 January 10, 1921 - November 15, 1948 166 363 March 22, 1949 - September 11, 1953 193 364 January 3, 1955 - December 19, 1956 119 365 January 6, 1954 - December 16, 1954 28 366 January, 1957 - December 11, 1957 53

71 367 January 14, 1958 - December 16, 1958 115 368 January 16, 1959 - December 23, 1959 138 369 January 6, 1960 - December 31, 1960 225 370 January 4, 1961 - December 31, 1961 116

72 371 January 2, 1962 - December 28, 1962 184 372 January 3, 1963 - May 29, 1963 152 373 June 3, 1963 - December 31, 1963 103 374 January 5, 1964 - December 31, 1964 81 375 January 5, 1965 - 87

B. Biographies

73 376 National Park Service: Personnel directories 8 377 Abbott 2 378 Adams 14 379 Ahern l 380 Allen - Audubon 24 381 Albright 14 382 Atwood l 383 Awtrey - Bauss 11 384 Beard 4 385 Bell - Boas 14

(26) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

B. Biographies (continued)

73 386 Boggs - Brodie 2l ( continued) 387 Brower 8 388 Bryant 8 389 Bumpus 29 390 Burns 8 39l Butcher l 392 Butler - Cain l2 393 Cammerer 8 394 Camp 3 395 Canfield - Cleland ll 396 Coffman 7 397 Colby 9 398 Coleman - Cook lO 399 Clark - Cox 8 400 Cutter 9 40l Damon - Degnan 4 402 Demaray l6 403 Detmars - Diederick 12 404 Disher 5 405 Dixon 6 406 Doane l 407 Dodge 8 408 Doerr 9 409 Douglas 5 4l0 Dreyfuss 1

74 411 Drury 48 412 Eastwood lO 413 Ernst 19 414 Evans - Ewing 15 415 FarQuhar - Freeland 15 416 Fritchel - Fry 7 417 Fryxell lO 418 Gallison - Glass 10 419 Grinnell l5 420 Goethe 10 42l Grater 6 422 Hali 34 423 Hamlin - Harrington ll 424 Hartzog - Harwell 3 425 Haynes 5

(27) I I CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

B. Biographies (continued)

74 426 Hedges 1 (continued) 427 Hegner - Hilton 12 428 Hirst 6 429 Holmes - Hutchens 16 430 Hoover 1 431 Hudson 5 432 Ickes 19 433 Jackson - Johnson 20 434 Joffe - Kelsey 10 435 Kittredge 9 ·436 Langford 1 437 Kroeber - Leland 12 438 Leopold - Lincoln 7 439 Loomis 6 440 Lummis 5 441 Lykes 7 75 442 McCrea - McDougall 6 443 McDuffie 20 444 McFarland 7 445 McHenry - Macy 12 446 Maier 11 447 Manbey - Marshall 7 448 Marvin 1 449 Mather - Matthes 16 450 Merriam 7 451 Merriam, John 9 452 Merriam, Lawrence 7 453 Miller - Mulford 15 454 Muir 4 455 Mullady 5 456 Munk 5 457 Murdock 5 458 Murie 1 459 Neilson - Nusbaum 2 460 Olmstead 19 461 Olson - Oneal 5 462 Overly 1 463 Palmer 6 464 Parkinson 1

(28) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

B. Biographies (continued)

75 465 Parker - Perry 34 (continued) 466 Patraw 1 467 Pinkley - Reighard 17

76 468 Carl Parcher Russell: Personal correspondence 67 469 Carl Parcher Russell: Photographs, memberships, etc. 57 470 Carl Parcher Russell: Vouchers, efficiency ratings, etc. 37 471 Carl Parcher Russell: Orinda House papers, letters, etc. 75

77 472 Roberts - Rose 10 473 Rutter - Sargent 7 474 Scheelbach - Schweifler 8 475 Scoyen 12 476 Sharsmith - Sumner, Francis Bertody 16 477 Sumner, Lowell 6 478 Smith 1 479 Swartzlow - Sylvester 5 480 Taft 4 481 Talbert - Taylor 5 482 Taylor, Rose 16 483 Taylor, Oliver 6 484 Taylor 5 485 Thompson - Tolson 19 486 Tomlinson 7 487 Tose 1 488 Tresidder 13 489 Trippe 1 490 Udall - Weber 17 491 Walcott - Washburn 2 492 Ward 5 493 Wharton 1 494 Wheat - Wilson 9 495 Wirth 25 496 Wissler 18 497 Yard - Yount 2 498 General 4

(29) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

C. Essays, Published Articles and Ibcuments

78 499 Conservation: Department of the Interior, National Park Service 35 500 Conservation: Citizens' committees 41 501 Conservation: Printed items 58

79 502 National Park Service: History 43 503 Interpretive Programs: Planning l9 504 Interpretive Programs: Museums 15 505 Interpretive Programs: Research 13 506 Interpretive Programs: Nature Guide services 7

80 507 Interpretive Programs: Research abstracts 68 508 Interpretive Programs: Research - Germany, Austria, Belgium 26 509 National Park Service: Places - A-B 11 510 National Park Service: Places - C 33

81 5ll National Park Service: Places - Fort Davis 1 5l2 National Park Service: Places - D-G 48 5l3 National Park Service: Places - H-J 14

82 5l4 National Park Service: Places - Jackson Hole 9 5l5-516 National Park Service: Places - Jackson Hole controversy 69 5l7 National Park Service: Places - K-1 6 518 National Park Service: Places - M-N 22 519 National Park Service: Places - 0 6

83 520 National Park Service: Places - Fort Osage 50 521 National Park Service: Places - p ll 522 National Park Service: Places - R 22

84 523-524 National Park Service: Places - s 19 525 National Park Service: Places - T 3 526 National Park Service: Places - Tahoe 13 527 National Park Service: Places - u 1 528 National Park Service: Places - V 2

85 529-530 National Park Service: Places .,.. Fort Vancouver 4 53l National Park Service: Places - w 7

( 30) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

C. Essays, Published Articles and Documents (continued)

86 532-533 National Park Service: Places - Yellowstone 70 534 National Park Service: Places - Yellowstone exhibits, beaver and fur trade project 57 535 National Park Service: Places - Yorktmm 3

87 536- 538 National Park Service: Places - Yosemite 54 539 National Park Service: Places - Zion 2

88 540 National Park Service: Places - Yosemite Nature Notes (1949-1950) 25 541 National Park Service: Places - Yosemite Nature Notes (1951-1952) 25 542 National Park Service: Places - Yosemite Nature Notes (1953-1954) 24 543 National Park Service: Places - Yosemite Nature Notes (1955-1956) 24 544 National Park Service: Places - Yosemite Nature Notes (1957-1958) 23 545 National Park Service: Places - Yosemite Nature Notes (1959-1961) 31

89 546-548 National Park Service: Places - General 39

90 549 Park Management: Addresses, statements, studies, reports 56 550 Park Management : News releases 7 551 Park Management : Regional newsletters 29 552 Park Management : Communig_ues 13

91 553 Park Management : Standards for guides 11 554 Park Management : Minutes 16 555 Park Management: Conferences 11 556 State Parks 33 557 Training Programs 26

(31) CONTAINER LIST

Container Folder Number of Items

D. Writings of Carl Parcher Russell

92 558 100 Years in Yosemite: Resource materials 38 559 100 Years in Yosemite: 1931 ed. correspondence, reviews, etc. 112 560 100 Years in Yosemite: 1947 ed. correspondence, reviews, etc. 105 561 100 Years in Yosemite: Manuscript, correspondence 93

93 562 100 Years in Yosemite: 1947 ed. Royalty, illustrations, proofs 41 563 100 Years in Yosemite: 1957 ed. correspondence 133 564 100 Years in Yosemite: 1966 ed. correspondence 12

94 565 A-B 26 566 C-D 22 567 E 12 568 F-G 27 569 H 21 570 I-K 16 571 L 12 572 Madison Junction 6

95 573 M 23 574 N-0 31 575 p 26 576 Q-R 10 577 s 24 578 T 25 579 w 23 580 Y-Z 13 581 No title 23

96 582 Oversize (both series) 17

(32) ---nors.e_LI ,,.,-lro.ns por,o..11..L ' on

·· buu -leo.m.,." Ii~ Z., ' INDEX

The index is the result of an examination of the collection item by item after it was arranged. Truly, every significant sentence and all illustrations are indexed. A mere mention or reference to a matter in an item was excluded unless its relation to other entries was significant in the judgment of the indexer. This restraint seemed justified to prevent a clutter of entries not pertinent to the probable need of a searcher. There are more than 25,000 citations.

The indexing is exceptionally close for the incoming and outgoing correspondence and the unpublished essays by Russell and others; likewise for the annotated bibliographies, illustrations, and Russell's field notes. Published materials in periodical or monographic form are indexed library wise, - in broader categories where the entries are established for two or three key topics.

Proper name entries are those of correspondents (excepting Russell as the writer), authors, biographees, persons, and places. Titles of essays and the subjects of all correspondence, essays, annotated bibliographies, period merchandise catalogs, illustrations, and clippings are included.

The arrangement of the index is word by word, disregarding initial articles. The numbers following the entries are citations to numbered folders that contain the information or material.

In the interest of brevity, the following abbreviations are used:

abs abstract bibl bibliography biog biography cont continued illus illustration( s) info information mfg(s) manufacture, manufacturers M model (firearm) mtn mountain NPS National Park Service obit obituary(ies) photo photograph( s) port portrait slide 35mm transparency x see xx see also ? identification uncertain

(34) INDEX

Adobe 43. Adolphus, Gustavus 281, 282. Adopting Horse-Artillery 248. Advent and Grmvth of the Historian- A Archeologist Program by Carl P. Russell 373, 565, Adzes hand illus 264; Indian illus 209; iron illus 28; Spanish illus 209. Abbott, Samuel 276; biog info 377, Aesthetic Values and National Park Abel, Annie Heloise x Henderson, Annie Developments by Carl P. Russell 574, Heloise Abel, Agates 414. Abels, Robert 127, 129, Agriculture 258; bibl info 258; hist Abercromby, James 86. 2,8; slash and burn 507; tools 264. Aberdeen Proving Ground 22. Agua Fria 306. The Aboriginal Population of the San Agua Fria Valley 76, Joaquin Valley, California by Ah, Wilderness - New Style by S. F. Cook 61. Richard L. Neuberger 501. Abraham Lincoln From His own Words and Ahern, Frank L. biog info 379, Contemporary Accounts by Ahwahnee x Yosemite National Park Roy E. Appleman 438, Ahwahnee Lodge. Abraham Lincoln National Historical Park, Ahwahnee, Yosemite by Dorothy Ellis 558. Ky. 517. Aide, Doris E. 15, Absaroka Mtns. 283. Aimard, Gustava 285, Ackerman, R. A. 52, 158, The Alamo 76; illus 76, Ackia Battle x Battles Ackia (Indians The Alamo, Mission, Fortress and Shrine vs French). by F, C. Chabot 76, Ackia Battleground National Monument 2. Albany, NY. 255, 316. Acorn flour mfg photo 362. Albany Under English 255, Acorn mush mfg photo 362. Alberta hist 82. Across the Wide Missouri by B. DeVoto, Albright, Frank P. 40, 107, criticism 42. Albright, Horace Madden 35, 43, 160, 374, Adair, Douglas 28. 389, 402, 425, 526, 559, 560; biog Adams, Ansel 371, 469; biog info 378; info 381; caricature 498; port 381, photo 378; port 378, 449, 502, 532. Adams, Cassilly 75, Alchemy Laboratory, 17th and 18th century Adams, Kenneth C. 75, Germany photo 304. Adams, Virginia Best 305, Alcock, F. J, 36. Adams, W, E. port 80. Alcohol l, 44, 45, 258, 288, bibl info Adams Memorial Museum is a Black Hills 229; Demerara rum 43; distillery Institution 80. 258; distilling 258; distilling bibl An Address on the Life and Character of info 258; distilling illus 258; the Late Hon, Wm. H. Ashley by hist 258; illus 131; Lewis & Clark W, G. Eliot 69. Exped 330; rationing, U, S. Army 258; An Adequate National Park System for regales 258; rum 44, 45; sale of 300 Million People by 131, 258; Scotch whiskey 44; stills Conrad L. Wirth 503, 258; stills illus 258;

(35) INDEX

Alcohol (cont) trade 258, 269, 299; American Automobile Association Profile trans 258; use (Revolutionary War) of the American Tourist 549. 258; value 258; value list 258; The American Axe by Carl P. Russell, whiskey 299; wine 299, criticism 28. Alex Godey Scalp-Hunting Mountaineer by American Axe and its Intermediaries by L. Greene 70. Carl P. Russell, criticism 2. Alexander, Cyrus port 24l. American Bison Society records, location Alexander, Edward P. 32l; biog info 380; 374. port 398. American Charcoal Making 5l3. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. l9l, 232. American Civic Assoc. 444. The Alfred Jacob Miller Drawings by American Firearms and the Changing Carl P. Russell 24l, 565. Frontier by W. E. Rosebush 55. The Alfred L. Kroeber Hall by American Fur Co. 3, 5, 32, 33, 36, 37, Carl P. Russell 565. 39, 42, 54, 68, 82, 84, lll, l46, Alger, Cyrus ll, l8; biog info 246; l59, 235, 25l, 26l, 263, 264, 265, family hist l5. 267, 268, 270, 27l, 272, 273, 274, Alger & Co. ll, l2, l3, l5, l7, l8, l9, 276, 277, 278, 280, 282, 288, 29l; 22, 24, 25, 233, 245. account book, photostats 3l5; bibl Algonquian Indians 86, l08. info 278i l835-l843 370; finance All-America Travel Guide 547. 299; headquarters, locations list Alleman, Carl W. 367. 278; hist 278; manifests, raw furs Allen, A. M. 5, l27. shipped from Indiana, l84o, photostat Allen, Ethan 86; port 86. 3l3; papers 43, 3l2; papers, excerpts Allen, Glover Morrill obit 380. 280; papers, notes on 299; personnel Allen, James R. biog info 398. list 356; returns list ll; trading Allen, Mary Jester l62. area 278. Allen, Phil 422. American Fur Company Papers~ Items Allen, Shirley W. biog info 380; port 16551-58 microfilm 356. 380. American Game Protective and Propagation Allen, Thomas J. 362, 363, 372, 373, 468; Assoc. 362. biog info 380, 558. American Indian Proverbs by M. Powers 63. The Allen County-Fort Wayne Historical American Museum of Immigration pro Society 8l. spectus by Thomas M. Pitkin 504. Allison, Henry D. 363. American Notes by C. E. Peterson 43. Alonzo 'Lonnie' Hull by H. H. Boelter 70. The American Revolver and the West by Altowan (Indian Chief) 28l. W. P. Webb 55, Alvarado, Juan Bautista 36. The American Rifle at the Battle of Kings Alvarez, Manuel 283. Mountain by Carl P. Russell 234. Alvis, S. M. lO. American Rifle in the Revolution 238. Amador, Ca. illus l53, The American Scandinavian Review (winter Amador County 30l; map 300. l939) 536. American Association of Museurns 362; American Scenic and Historic Preservation executives 389, 398, 423; interest League hist 4ll. in National Parks 362; meetings 574, The American Sketchbooks of Charles 576; meetings l940, notes by Alexandre Lesuer by G. Chinard 7l. Carl P. Russell 504. The American Sword by H. L. Peterson announcement 8.

(36) INDEX

American Tobacco Co. 273, Ammunition (cont) powder 25; prices American Wagons in Santa Fe illus l53, 252; primers l27; primers illus l55, l27; saltpeter 7, 52; shot 5, 29l; Americans Overgunned Says British Gunsmith shot, pouches 252. by J. Curnow l58, Amyot-Vincelot, Joseph Jean Baptiste America's First Ironworks 57. 45. America's Williamsburg l03. Analysis of Indian Burials (Nez Perce) Ames Co. l2, l9, 2l, 22, 233, 245, Southeastern Washington by .Amherst, Jeffrey 86; port 86. R. Sprague abs 65. Ammunition 53, 55, l27, l57, 228, 234; Analysis of Trade Goods by A. Woodward balls 5, l6, 2l, 25, 3l9; balls, 65. cannon 252; balls, cannon illus The Anatomy of a Library by California 252; balls, greased 252; balls illus State Library System 30l. l98; balls, lead 3l9; balls, mfg Anchor, Grace (Indian) port 362. 248; balls, sizes 252; balls, sizes Ancient Carpenters' Tools by illus 252; bibl info 248; bullets, H. C. Mercer 57, elongated 248; bullets, elongated Ancient Cliff Cities, Mesa Verde National illus 248; bullets, types 248; Park, Colorado by Carl P. Russell caps x Ammunition percussion caps; 565. cartridges 2, 7, l57, 248; cart And Why Not Bring Back the Ferries by ridges, boxes 248; cartridges illus H. Gillam 48. l78; cartridges, mfg 248; cartridges, Anderson, Harry H. 68, 80. paper 252; cartridges, paper illus Anderson, James 8, 37, 42, l68, 328, 252; cartridges, types illus 248; 329, 520. case shot, spherical 22; catalog Anderson, Ralph H. 362, 465; biog info l27; chain shot 252; chain shot 380; obit 380. illus 252; disposition 2'48; fulmi Andre, John 265. nating mercury 248; gunpowder 52, Andrews, Roy Chapman biog info 380; 252, 29l; gunpowder bibl info 52, obit 380. 252; gun powder, contracts 252; Andy Palmer Gun Collector l27. gunpowder, Du Pont 252; gunpowder, Angell, Homer D. 95, factories 252; gunpowder, formula Animal Trap Co. of America l08, l28, 275, 252; gunpowder, grades 252; gunpowder, Animals 258; domesticated 507; domesti- grades illus 252; gunpowder hist cated, Ira~ 507; game 265; tracks 252; gunpowder hist in America 3l9; illus l28. gunpowder, mfg 252; gunpowder, Ankeny, Marling J. 372, military 252; gunpowder, prices 252; An Annotated Catalogue of Books Belonging gunpowder, shipment 29l; gunpowder, to the Finley Collection on the smoke 252; gunpowder, types 252; History and Romance of the Northwest howitzer, shells ll; illus 55, l27, by Knox College Library 34l. l57; iron shot 9, l6; Minie balls Annotations Pertaining to Prehistoric 25; percussion caps 252, 3l9; Research in Tennessee by T.M.N. Lewis percussion caps, containers 252; lO0. percussion caps illus l78; percus Ansart, Louis biog info 233. sion caps, origin 252; Picket bullets Anson, Jerry l05. (conical shaped) 25; potatoes 252; Ansonia Brass Co. Bl.

(37) INDEX

Antarctica scientific resources conserva- Archeology Picuris Pueblo 507; pueblo tion program, comments 373, 507; radiocarbon dating 507; South Antelope as food 265. west, abs 507; thermoluminescence Anthony Wayne Memorial 343. dating 507. Anthroplogy Southwest, abs 507, Archeology, historic site 373; bibl Antietam National Battlefield Site 509, 373, 423; college courses 373, Antique Gun Hunting - A Hobby by V. Ney Archeology, historical 365, 372, 373, 54. Archeology In Washington by B. Stallard Antiques illus 52, 63, Antiquities Act 515, 516. The Archeology of the Childersburg Site, Antler wedge illus 345, Alabama by D. L. DeJarnette and Anvil illus 210. A. T. Hansen 60. Anza, Juan Bautista de 303. Archeology, underwater 372, Apache Indians 53, 281, 282; friendship Archer, Capt. Gabriel 37, and peace symbol 423, Architecture 322; St, Louis 322. Apache Vengeance by T. Hansard 53, Architecture, historical preservation Appalachian Trail 509, 499, 500, 552; restoration 504. Appaloosa, Indians' War Horse, Dodges Architecture of the California Mission Extinction to Reign Again by illus 301. R. H. Forbes 58, Architecture of the California Missions Appleman, Roy Edgar 14, 73, 244, 329, by Kurt Baer 301. 370, 372, 375, 438. The Archives of DePauw University and Apples introduction to Oregon 409. Indiana Methodism 12. Appomattox Court House National Historical Are National Park Service Areas Faced Monument 509, with Permanent Impairment from An Appraisal of the Archaeological Excessive Use by Carl P. Russell Resources of Yosemite National Park 565, 574, by J. A. Bennyhoff 59, Areas Administered by the National Park Arapaho Indians 36, 42, 81, 146. Service, 1964 546. Arber, Edward 50, Arese, Count Francesco 299, Arca Arms Review 127, Argall, Samuel 50, Archaeological Excavations at Fort Spokane, Arikara Indian War (1823) 269. 1951, 1952, and 1953 by Arikara Indians 9, 11, 36, 264, 269, Louis R. Caywood 524. 278, 281, 291. The Archaeological Salvage Program in the Ariss, R. M. 36. U.S. by Paul J. F. Schumacher 501. Aristocratic Bourbon by Lucius Beebe 258, Archeological Excavations x Excavation Arizona 98; corn cultivation 507; archeological. stratigraphic hist 507. Archeological Excavations at the Harland Arizona Characters in Silhouette by Site, Fort Gibson 62. J. R. Murdock 75, Archeological Reconnaissance in the Arizona Territory 76, Albeni Falls Reservoir 64. Arizona Wildlife Federation 500. Archeologist-historians concerned with Arkansas hist 76. French guns list 16; relationship Arkansas Post State Park, Ar. 546. to historic objects 581. Arkansas State Flag 76.

(38) INDEX

Armbands 270; illus 229, 270; markings Ashburton Treaty x Oregon Treaty. 270. Ashley, William Henry 32, 42, 46, 69, Armor French illus 253; Spanish 264. 140, 148, 241, 248, 262, 265, 269, Arms and Armor in Colonial America 1526- 274, 275, 276, 278, 280, 282, 288; 1?83 by H. L. Peterson bibl info 69, 278; biog info 512; Carl P. Russell review 234. his pet bear illus 133; obit 69, Arms Trade Yearbook, 1956 165. 278. Armstrong, Arthur N. 328. Ashley Exped to Yellowstone (1822-23) Armstrong, C. H. 328. 281; expense estimate 262. Army bunks illus 335, Ashley's grave marker photo 278, The Army Forts of the West, 1826-1845 Ashlock, Virginia Harris 165. by F. P. Prucha 87. The Askin Inventory by G. S. May 57, Army Officially to Drop the Name 'Cavalry' Ass illus 265. Soon 269, Assiniboine (steamboat) illus 135, Arnold, Benedict 265. Assiniboine Indians 63, 281, 282. Arquebuse x Muskets arquebuse. Astor, John Jacob 46, 68, 128, 270, 272, Arrott, James W. 86. 274, 278, 280, 281, 282, 285; port Arrott's Brief History of Fort Union by 151. J. W. Arrott 86. Astor, Vincent 68. Arrow point x Arrowheads, Astor Column illus 153. Arrowheads 28; brass illus 270; copper Astor Exped 33, 36; relics 43; 264; illus 28, 144, 209; iron 264; Astor family bibl info 278. iron illus 264. Astoria, Or. 33, 36, 110, 253, 278, 280, Arrows 52, 330, 281, 282, 285, 292; hist 278; illus Arroyo Seco 283. 153, 520; sale to North West Co. 282; Arsenal marks U.S. 1869 5, 1813 illus 280. Art and Artists in the National Parks 75, Astorian Exped historical marker 363, Arthur H. Clark Co, 33, 36. Astorians firearms list 292, Arthur St, Clair by J. A. Menaugh 73, The Astorians by H. McCracken 128. Articles of Historic Interest Connected The Astorians by W. D. Vincent 68. with the War Between the States 78. At Last A Park For Lake Tahoe by Artifact x Historic object. Samuel G. Houghton 575, Artillery 55; mountain illus 137. Atchison, Ks. 323. Artillery on the Western Frontier by Athapaskan Indians 108. P. R. Willmarth 55, Athearn, Robert G. 168. Artisans 258, Atkinson, B. J. 515, Artist of the Lost Colony by N. Griffin Atkinson, Henry 269, 282; biog info 269; 75. port 151. An Artist's Journey into History by Atlanta Campaign and Kennesaw Mountain Merrill J. Mattes 342. National Battlefield Park, Ga. 509. Artists 34, 70, 74, 284; bibl info 284; Atlatl 507, list 277, 284; western 75, 284, 423, Atsina Indians (Blackfoot) 281. An Ascent of Half Dome in 1884 by Attack on the Cote Sans Dessein by A. Phimister Proctor 104. L. Houck 73, The Ascent of the Grand Teton in 1898 by Atwood, Wallace W. photo 382. Francis P. Farquhar 512. Audubon, John James 284; bibl info 284, Ash Hollow massacre 42. 380; illus 380; port 151, 284, 380. ,/

(39) INDEX

Audubon Home at Audubon, Pa. photo 284. Axes (cont) European, sources 132, Aubrey, Fran~ois Xavier 68. 207, 208; felling 2, 45; felling Austin, Stephen 278. illus 259; Frankish illus 260; Authors list 227; western 285, French 2, 28, 259, 316, 319; Aubomobile Club of Southern California French illus 132, 255; fur trade 363. 319; German 2; German illus 259; Automobiles use, statistics, 1961 372, hand 2, 260; hand illus 260; Avoiding Adverse Uses in National Parks handles, value 45; handles, wooden by Carl P. Russell 565. illus 132; heads, as Indian neck Awls 264; illus 144, 259, 264. ornaments 2; heads illus 28, Awtrey, Captain Hugh biog info 383. 144; heads, markings 2; hist 207, Axe, Tomahawk and Silver Notes, 1?48-1823 259, 260, 319; hist, outline 260; by A. Woodward 45. hole making type illus 259; Axes xx Halberds; Hatchets; Tomahawks. hooked x Tomahawks spiked; horn Axes 2, 5, 45, 126, 206, 207, 215, 226, illus 260; Hudson's Bay Co, illus 259, 292; American 2, 28, 259, 319; 259; hunter's hatchet 259; hunter's American illus 132; Arabic illus hatchet illus 259; illus 2, 28, 260; Babylonian illus 260; battle x 45, 126, 132, 208, 230, 259, 264, Battle-axes; Belgian 2; belt 2; 292, 328, 340; illus bibl info 45; belt illus 87, 132, 208; bibl info Indonesian illus 260; Irish 260; 2, 45, 259, 260; Biscayan 2, 28, 259; iron 2, 45, 260, 319; Iro~uois Biscayan illus 132; Black Ha:wk illus illus 259; Italian 260; Kentucky 259; boarding 259; boarding, American 259; Kentucky illus 259; King 259; boarding, French illus 259; Philip's 45; knife combination boarding illus 259; bone illus illus 259; La Tene 2, 28, 207; 260; brass 2; British 28; British Lewis & Clark 259; Lewis & Clark illus 260; broad 264; broad des illus 259, 349; mfg 259; markings cription 264; English illus 259; 28, 45; markings illus 132, 259; broad illus 264; broad, use 264; Mayflower illus 259; measurements bronze 2, 260; bronze illus 132, 132; meat illus 264; Melanesian 264; Caddo illus 132; camp, British illus 260; Missouri war hatchet 319; illus 259; cast iron 259; cast iron mortising 259; mortising illus 259; illus 259; catalogues 126; chopping nomenclature 208; 230, 260; Onondaga 28; Cayuga illus 259; Chinese 260; illus 259; oriental illus 260; Chinese illus 259, 260; copper 2, Penobscot illus 259; Persian illus 260; copper illus 132; cutting, 132, 260; Peruvian illus 132, 260; Swedish illus 259; dagger combina pewter 45; pipe illus 132; pistol tion illus 260; double-bitted 2, combination 259; pistol combination 45, 367; double-bitted bibl info 264; illus 259; plug cutters for tobacco double-bitted illus 207, 230, 260, 28; poll 2; Polynesian illus 260; 264; double-bitted, notes on 207; prehistoric 260; prehistoric illus double-bitted, origin 45, 207; 259; prices 45, 255; production 45, double-bitted, types 264; Dutch 2, 208; Prussian illus 260; repairing 28; Dutch illus 259; Egyptian 260; 259; repairing, Indian method 261; Egyptian illus 260; elongated illus repairing, terminology 260; Roman 259; English 2, 28; European 2, 260; 2, 260; Russian 259; Russian illus European illus 132, 259; 132, 208, 259, 260; Scandanavian 2;

(40) INDEX

Axes (cont) sleeved antler 2; slide Baird, James 286. 360; socketed-head 260; socketed Baked Clay Figurines from the Spanish head illus 260; solid 259; South Fort Site by C. R. Steen 63, African illus 260; Spanish 2, 28; Baker, Arthur S. 372, Spanish illus 132, 208; Spanish Baker, Charles E, 9, type 368; splitting (Bull) 2; Baker, Edward D. 301, splitting illus 259; square-polled Baker, Howard W. 6, 243, 321, 364, 549. 28; squaw 21, 259; stone 259; stone Baker, James 279, illus 132, 260; Swiss illus 260; Balaz, Gene port 331. sword combination illus 260; trade Baldwin, John F. 372, 2, 25, 28, 37, 191, 319; trade illus Ball, Carleton R. 29, 45, 132, 259; trimming illus 259; Ball, John 33, 241, 279, 282; biog info use 259; Utrecht 259; Viking illus 241, 279; port 241. 260; war 2; war, Missouri 259; Ball :mill 304. wedge 2; weight 259; West African Bancroft, Hubert Howe 277, illus 260; West-Saxon illus 260; The Bancroft Library 308, 386. wood, aboriginal illus 260; woods Bandelier National Monument, NM, 509, man's illus 259; Yankee 259; Yankee Bangles illus 271. illus 264. Bannack, Mt. 323, Axes, Hatchets, Machetes, Adzes, Hoes, Bannerman, Francis 127, Bush Hooks, Cane Knives, Picks and Bannock Buffalo H~nt illus 209, Pick Mattocks 126. A Bannock Indian Buffalo Hunt in 1835 by Ayer, Bernice Terry port. 13, Carl P. Russell 261, 574, Ayer, Edward E. bibl info 287, Bannock Indians 281, 547, Bantt, John 305, Baptiste Ducharme 10, Barbeau, Marius 65, Barbee, John N. 201, B Barber, Daniel M. 45, Bard, W. E. 36, Barges x Boats barges, Barlow-Heap Exped, 42. Barlow jackknife x Knives pocket, Barlow. Baca, Elfego 68; port 68, Barnes, Frank 273, The Bad Man from Bodie by L. Beebe 68. Barnes, Jane 279, 282, 283. Badger 128; illus 128; skins, production Barnes, Lela 328. 261. Barnett rifles x Rifles trade, Barnett Baggage 261; sketch 349; trunks 274; 1805. trunks illus 274; trunks, prices Barrel, Robert L. 321, 368. 274. Barrel Removal, Fitting and Chambering Bagley, Lester 109. by H.F. MacFarland 54, Bags hunting 252; illus 261. Barrels illus 139, Bailey, Herbert S. 43. Barrett, Frank A, 514, 515; statement on Bailey, P.A. 238, Jackson Hole National Monument 516. Bailey, Worth 57, Barrette, Keith 327, 329, Bailly, Joseph 33, 312; bibl info 313, Barry, J, Neilson 71, 370; biog 313,

(41) INDEX

Barsotti, John 2, 7, 15, 24, 25, 26, 28, Beal, Merrill D. 83, 371, 31, 32, 43, 207, 238, 292, 328. Bean, Donald P. 563, Bartlett, John Russell 286. Bear Butte, ND. 509, Bartram, William 284, Beard, Daniel Bartlett 369, 370, 371; Basis for the Interpretative Program in biog info 384; port 384, 407, National Parks by Carl P, Russell Beard, Daniel Carter obit 384; port 565. 384. Baskets 261. Beard, Geraldine 33. Bastions on the Border by L. Harrington Bears 261, 299; bibl info 261, 299; 87. black 128; black illus 128; Bataan Proves Garand Worth 158, grease, production 261, 265; grizzlies Bates, Bernard 560. 261; grizzlies photo 501; illus Bates, Charles Francis 68. 133; oil 252; oil, value 261; skins Bates, George J, 94. 255, 299; skins, production 261; Bath, G, T. 363. skins, value 42. The Battery in Charleston, South Carolina Beatty, M. E. 361, 369, by A. H. von Kolnitz 54, Beaubien, Jean Baptiste 313. Battle Creek Cypress Swamp, Md. 509, Beaubien, Paul 100. Battle Mountain 95, Beaudoins, Antoine 36. Battle Mountain photo 95, Beaver (ship) 282, The Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia 510. Beaver (steamboat) 27, 48. Battle of Pierre's Hole marker photo Beaver City, Ut. 77, 95, Beaver 17, 46, 56, 112, 128, 275, 276, Battle-axes 28, 259, 260; British naval 290, 299, 316; as food 265; bibl illus 45; illus 132, 264; Persian info 27, 261, 276; bibl, annotated illus 208, 112; burrows 534; California 286; Battles Ackia (Indians vs French) 45; conservation 46; dams 534; dams Adobe Walls 21; Apache Pass 21, 245; photo 534; description 27; displays, Bear Paw Mtn 21; bibl info 261; proposed illus 290; filming of 361; Bloody Marsh 82; Cerro Gordo 22; fore paws 534; habitat illus 200, Indian 235; Kings Mtn 234; list 202; habits 261; hats 261; hats, 239; Pierre's Hole 3, 95, 281, 288; mfg 534; hats, Scotts Bluff bibl Tongue River 42. info 367; hind foot 534; illus 128, Battles About Chattanooga, Tennessee 510. 134, 200, 202, 261; in Indian folk Bauer, C. Max 350, 362, 515, lore 534; largest 128; numbers 261; Baum, Arthur 108. numbers trapped 282; pelts 261, 299; Bauss, Rudolph 137, 375, 469; biog info pelts, as food 261; pelts, as units 383. of value 45, 47; pelts, fl~shing Bayliss, Dudley C. 364. 264; pelts, mounting 366; pelts, Bayonets 264; French sabre 248; illus packing 27, 261; pelts, packing 127, 248. slide 360; pelts, packs, weight 261; Beads 65, 255, 261, 270, 277, 299, 349, pelts, prices 255; pelts, processing 368, 372; bibl info 299; glass 330; 27, 159, 200, 202, 261, 263, 276; glass hist 265; illus 65, 261, 271, pelts slides 360; pelt, stretching 273, 277; trade 43, 261; trade illus slide 360; pelts, use 261; pelts, 28; value 45. value 27, 42, 45, 134, 139, 276; Beads Big Business in Middle East 261. pelts, weight 27, 134, 261; range, map 134; recipes 46;

( 42) INDEX

Beaver (cont) skeleton illus 134; Belt's Crossing 37. skinning 128; skins, value 255; Bemis, Samuel Flagg 70. slide 360; tail 128, 534; teeth Benedict, Ruth 385. 534; trapping 27, 134, 159, 203, 275, Benicia, Ca. 300, 301, 303, 534; trapping illus 200; trapping, Bennitt, Rudolf obit 385. Indian method 27, 28, 202; trapping, Bennyhoff, Jarnes A. 59, methods 276; trapping, 16mm film Benson, Enid (Mrs. H. H. Benson) x 359; traps, 5-pound steel (three Michael, Enid. dimensional object) 351, Bent, Charles 82, 279, Beaver and Fur Trade Project xx Fur Trade Bent, George 279. Project. Bent, William 82, 279. Beaver and Fur Trade Project 534. Bent family bibl info 279; biog info Beaver Head Mines 82. 279. Beaverhead Rock, Mt. 323. Benton, Thomas Hart 36, 42, 269, 274, Because of Iron by J. A. Bryan 57, 279, 280, 282, 306; port 151. Becker, Michael J, 367. Bent's Fort illus 153. Becker, Otto 75; port 75, Bent's Old Fort restoration 373, Beckwourth, James P. 279, 283, 286, 288; Bergen Swamp 509. port 151. Berkebile, Don H. 28. Beds 263; description 263; military Berrey, Henry P. 370. camp, Gen. Wayne's illus 81; moun Berry, Hubbard 48. tain men's 263; wilderness 263. Betty lamps x Lamps Betty. Beebe, Lucius 68. 'Bible Toter' Jedediah Smith 282. Beer x Alcohol. Bibliography x under subject. Bees wax 299; bibl info 299. Biddle, Edward 312, 313. Behind the Legend of Colter's Hell by Biddle, G. P, 48. Merrill J. Mattes 532. Bidwell, John 303. Beidleman, Richard G. 83. Bidwell Party 288. Beil, Charles A. 73; port 73, Biese, Frances 8. Being an Account of the Adventures of Big Belly Indians x Gros Ventre. Rock Island's First Citizen by Big Bend National Park hist 509; inter G. Wickstrom 70. pretive planning 369. Belden, Charles J. 100. Big Bend National Park~ Texas by Bell, Burnby M. 72, 328, 329, 332, 342. Carl P. Russell 565. Bell, William Donar obit 385. Big Hole River 323. The Bell Site~ Wn9~ An Early Historic Fox Big White (Indian Chief) 350, Village by W. L. Wittry 57. Bigelow, B. 254, Bellevue 279, 282; illus 153, Bigelow, John 569. Bellevue illus 153, Biggins, Albert J, 165, 561. Bells 32; brass illus 29; conestoga Bigot, Fran~ois 280. illus 271; Etruscan illus 271; Bill, Harthorn L. 363, 365, 369, 370, hawk type illus 271; illus 150, 375; biog info 385; port 385. 229, 270, 271; Indian illus 150; Bill of Rights 103, markings 271; Maya, prehistoric 271; Bill Sublette~ Mountain Man by J. E. Sunder trade 271. Carl P. Russell review 241. Belt, George H. 37, Bill Williams by H. McCracken 128. Belt, Upton H. 37, Billinghurst, William 254,

(43) INDEX

Billington, Ray Allen 373, Blanchard, Frank Nelson obit 385; Bingham, George Caleb 68, 284; paintings port 385. and sketches illus 284. Blankets 47, 106, 299; bibl info 106; Bingham, John 368, buffalo 49; historical data 106; Bingham, Robert C. 5, mfg 47; prices 274; types 274; Biographical Note on Jean Baptiste Roy by value 45. C. E. Peterson 73, Blankets 56. Bird, James port 241. Blasdel, Henry G. 22. Birds fossils, California 453, Blauvelt, Nancy C. 24. Birth of the National Park Idea by Bliss, Leslie biog info 385; port 385. Carl P. Russell 565. Block tin work 31. The Birthplace of George Washington by Blockhouse at Nanaimo illus 137, C. O. Paullin 102. Blossom (ship) 307, Biscuits 265; Bannock 265. Blueberries 265. Bishop, E. L. 362. Blue-eyed Men in Buckskin by Bishop, Eleanor C. 18, 19, Carl P. Russell 241. Bison x Buffalo. Blunderbusses x Muskets blunderbusses. Bison Beyond the Pecos by E. K. Reed 63. Boas, Frank obit 385, The Bison in Yellowstone National Park Boat-hooks Lewis & Clark Exped. illus 549. 368. Bissonette, Antoine 291. Boatman, Roy M. 9, 178. Black Bear 42. Boats xx specific types of boat. Black Eagle Falls, Mt. 323, Boats 3, 6, 48, 49, 74, 261, 262, 299, Black Hawk War bibl info 299; hist 269, 330, 349; barges 3, 262; barges Black Hills 77; flora 80; vegetation description 135, 262; barges illus 80. 74, 135, 262; barges Mississippi Black Hills National Forest 80', River barge, 1810, building plans Blackfoot Indian Pipes and Pipemaking 135; batteau 262; bibl info 261, by J. C. Ewers 62. 262, 299; bull 3, 135, 262; bull, Blackfoot Indians 2, 4, 6, 30, 45, 49, description 262; bull, mfg 262; 50, 62, 64, 84, 159, 275, 277, 281, carriages 239; coracles 262; curach 282, 342, 518; battle illus 169; 262; Durham illus 262; English 262; bibl info 42; Pierre's Hole battle equipment, cordage 299; flatboats 42. slide 360; galleys 3; galleys, Blacksmithing 2, 28, 31, 45, 226, 292, Spanish 3; German illus 262; Great 330, 349; bibl info 28, 292; costs Lakes 262; Great Lakes hist 262; 45; equipment list 228; forge illus gundelo 6; illus 3, 135, 229, 262, 210; procedure 261; shop illus 280; 280; Irish 262; Lewis & Clark 49, shop, interior illus 210; tools 261; 262, 330, 336; lodge bundle 262; tools illus 210, 292, Mackinaw 262; Mackinaw, equipment Blacksmiths 45, 261, 264, 275, 276; bibl 262; Mackinaw, mfg 261; Mackinaw, info 261; hist 261; list 261; mfg illus 209; Mackinaw, value 262; Philadelphia, 1796 list 261; San maintenance 262; packet 262; Gabriel 261; tools 264, 276; wages piroques 262; piroques illus 74; 45, 261. rafts 262; reed 159; sails illus Blackwell, Thomas 36, 280. 262; schooners 262; scow illus 262; Blades Anton Preis 28. skiff 262; skin illus 336;

(44) INDEX

Boats (cont) sloops 3; wagon box 262; Book of the Frontier (proposed) by whale illus 262; Welsh 262; York, Carl P. Russell 228. British illus 135; York type 262; Books 261, 349, York type bibl info 262. Boone, Daniel 70, 127, 128; port 70, Bobcats 108, 128; illus 108, 520. Bodega Head Power Plant 501; proposed Boone, Nathan 269; port 520. nuclear reactor 373; reaction of NFS Booth, John Wilkes 71; port 71, 372, Boots leaks 128; soles, waterproofing Boder, Bartlett 328. 128. Bodie, Ca. 68, 77, 300; fire 558; fire Botanical Features of the Northern Black photo 558; illus 68. Hills by A. C. McIntosh 80. Bodie Courier, v. 1, No. 1, August 15, Bottles 4, 231, 263, 265; bait, beaver 1930 77, illus 261; bibl info 265; earthen Bodie~ Dead City of Mono by ware illus 263; glass illus 265; Carl P. Russell 565, illus 231. Bodie: the Last of the Old-Time Mining Boucher, Charles 33. Camps by G. H. Smith 77. Boulder River 323. Bodie stock certificate 77. Boundary lines U.S. and Canada 80, The Bodie That Was by Carl P. Russell Bowen, C. G. 160. 559. Bowen, William L. 372, Bodmer, Charles 2, 42, 68, 153, 284; Bowers, Donald L. 26. drawings list 284; port 151; self Bowie, A. T. 36, 68. portrait, tracing 284. Bowie, James 66, 266; port 66. Bodmer Document Bowie, Rezin Pleasant 30, 31, 36, 68, Bodmer's Engraving of Mo,ximilian and Self 266; grave 31; gravestone illus with Minnetarees illus 284. 147; marker illus 151; port 68, Boelter, Homer H. 70. 151, 203. Boesen, Victor 108. Bowie, Walter Worthington 36. Boggs, Ralph Steele 570; biog info 386. Bowie Knife 66. Boise River 281. Bowie knives x Knives Bowie. Boles, Thomas caricature 498, Bowie Knives by W. G. Keener 129, Bollenback, A. W. 386. Bowls earthenware illus 263, Bolton, Herbert E. biog info 386; port Bowman, Hank Wieand 54. 386; writings list 386. Bowman, Isaiah biog info 386; port 386. Bamford, George 19. Bows 24, 52, Bonneville, Benjamin Louis Eulalie de Bows and Arrows 253; descriptions 255, 3, 36, 148, 159, 262, 263, 264, 269, Box Canyon Overlook slides 360. 277, 279, 282, 288; bibl info 279; Boxes castoreum illus 260, 261. port l51, 241. Boyd, E. S. 559, Bonneville Dam photo 331. Boyd, Ralph S. 515, Bonneville's Folly x Forts Bonneville. Boyer, Jack K. 25, 36, 167, Bonney, William H. 127; port 127, Bozeman Pass, Mt. 323. Book, Abbott 364. Bozeman Trail 42. Book Cliffs 85. Brabant, Frank 13. Book of Goods Ordered and Delivered 1806- Bracelets, illus 229, 270. 1812~ from the Office of the Superin Brackenridge, Henry Marie 42, 285. tendent of Indian Trade microfilm Bradford ("Teton" Jackson) 31, 37, 354.

(45) INDEX

Bradley, D. C. 3l. The British Military Blunderbuss & Bradley, Harold C. 386, 50l; biog info Musketoon by Lewis H. Gordon 53. 438; port 438. A Broad View of the National Parks by Brand, Frances M. 73, the American Automobile Assoc. 549. Branding iron 349. Broadarrow 10, 25l; origin 251. Brandon, William P. 75, 207. Broadaxe 2; illus 209, Brant, Irving 516. Brockhoff, Dorothy A. 43, 328. Brant, Joseph (Thayendanegea, Mohawk Brockman, C. Frank 160, 362, 369, 386, Indian) 34, 36, 63, 279, 281; bibl 558, 560. info 279; port 36, 63, l50, 229, Brodie, Howard 386. Brave Warriors by N. B. Wiltsey 55. Brody, J. J. 68. Bray, Robert T. l8, 234. Broken Hand x Fitzpatrick, Thomas. Brazell, Roy caricature 498. Brooches 32, 45; illus 32, l50, 229, Breakfast at Sunrise by A. J. Miller 270, 271; Luckenbooth illus 27l; illus 140, 143. Masonic illus 271; prices 27l, Breastplates 272; bone 32; illus 272; Brook, Michael 33. shell bead 32, Brooks, George R. 3l. Breech plug illus l41. Brower, David R. 167, 363, 369, 371, Brewster, Owen 362. 460, 560, 561; biog info 387; port Bridger, James 8l, 82, 263, 264, 267, 387. 275; 278, 279, 283, 286, 288, 294; Brown, Alexander Hargreaves 34. at Yellowstone 42; bibl info 279; Brown, Charles E. 5. discovery of South Pass 42; port Brown, Howard K. 127. 2l0, 532; Whitman's extraction 263. Brown, Mrs. John Nicholas 468. Bridle ornaments 29. Brown, LeRoy R. 32l. Bridwell, Margaret M. 52. Brown, Mandevilette Elihu Dering l46. A Brief Historical Sketch of Grays Harbor, Brown, Paula l65. Washington by E. Van Syckle 88. Brown, Perry E. 363. A Brief History of the Florida Everglades Brown, R. Wilson 32l, by J. E. Dovell 81. Brown, Ralph 28. A Brief History of the Hudson's Bay Brown, Richard 207. Company 111. Brown, Theodore T. 5. A Brief History of the National Park Brown Bess x Flintlocks Brown Bess. Service by James F. Kieley 502. Brown Bess Musket 253, Brief History of the Park Practice Program, Browning, John Moses 54; port 53, July, 1963 441. Browning: Genius of Guns by D. Jennings Brief Survey: Fur Trade History Publica 54, tions Project by Carl P. Russell l90. Broyles, Phyllis F. 309. Briggs, Frank P. 372, Brush Poppers The British Bid in the West, 1813-1840 1 s Bruton Parish Church 103. l48, 582. Bryan, John Albury 6, 57, 69, British Black Watch illus l32. Bryan, John R. 6. British Gifts to Indians, 1811-1814 251. Bryan, Katharine W. l08. British in Western North America 42. Bryant, Harold C. 160, 32l, 362, 363, The British - Indian Attack of St. Louis, 405, 474, 499, 559; biog info 376, May 26, 1?80 by Don Rickey, Jr. 322. 388; caricature 498; port 370, 388, British leaders list 227. 505.

(46) INDEX

Bryant, Wayne W. 371, 563, 579; port The Building of Castillo de San Marcos 388. by Albert Manucy 510. Buck, Al 66. Buildings illus 153. Buckles illus 270; silver illus 271, Bule, Edward Turner 300. Buckskin x deer skins. Bulger, Harold A. 37. Buckskin and Blanket Days by T. H. Tibbles Bull Boating by A. J. Miller illus 143. 63, 74. Bull Boating on the Platt River by Buehler, Maynard P. 198. A. J. Miller illus 135, Buffalo 49, 63, 75, 159, 261, 362, 549; Bull boats x Boats bull. as food 265; bibl info 49, 261; Bullet moulds 252, 319; Hall Ml819 carcass, as shelter 261; carcass, illus 248; illus 28, 178, 252, dressing 261; cooking 49; cooking Bumpus, Hermon Carey 362, 411, 504, illus 136, 140; diseases 362; drying 534; biog info 389; influence on illus 136; extermination 49; fleece NPS museum program 372; obit 389; 261; glossary 49; gnats 49; grazing port 389. land 49; hides illus 143; hides, Buntline, Ned 52, 53, treatment 49; hides, treatment illus Bureau of Outdoor Recreation 372; estab- 136; hides, value 49; hist 49; lishment 502; goals 550. hunting 49; hunting bibl info 261; Bureau of Reclamation 28, 411. hunting illus 52, 136, 145, 261; Burgess, Lydia Large 328, 329, hunting, methods 261; illus 49, Burgess, Robert H. 6, 162. 145; meat, drying 261; meat, taste Burial of an OjibuJa Chief, Muskoka District, 261; meat, value 49, 261; mixed Ontario by K. E. Kidd 65, breeding 49; robes 299; robes bibl Burk, Howard W. 26. info 299; robes, production 261; Burnett, Edmund C. 70. robes, use 261; robes, value 261; Burnett, William 291, 312, 313. skins, production 261; skinning Burnham, Guy M. 68. illus 136; slaughter of 128; Burns, Ned J. 6, 72, 121, 321, 361, 362, statistics 49; tongues 299; tongues 363; biog info 390; obit 390; port bibl info 299; tongues, value 49; 390. weight 261; Yellowstone National Burns, Robert H. 20, 137, Park 362, 547. Burns, Robert L. 16, 17, 19, 20. Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wy. Burns treatment 128. 533. Burroughs, Carroll A. 372, Buffalo Crossing River by A. J. Miller Burroughs, Raymond D. 9, 329. illus 136. Burrows, Bill 138. Buffalo dance photo 333. Burrus, Temple 367. Buffalo Hunt, Chase by G, Catlin illus Burt, Andrew biog info 369, 49, Burt, Elizabeth (Mrs. Andrew Burt) biog The Buffalo Hunter illus 146. info 369. The Buffalo Hunters by S. N. Lake 75, Burt, Struthers 515. The Buffalo Jur«p illus 261. Burton, Harold H. comments on National Buffalo Jump-off 37, 104; illus 104. Parks 550, Buffalo pound 261; illus 261. Burton, R. L. 363. Buffalo Spring (Emigrant, Mt.) 362. Butcher, Devereux 501; photo 391, Buffalo Wool Company 49. Butler, Ovid biog info 391, Bugle signals x Military bugle signals, Butterfield stage route 79, music. INDEX

Buttons 87, 270, 271; brass illus 28; Cain, Ella M. 10. English illus 270; illus 271; Cain, J. S. 391. Phoenix hist 270; Phoenix illus Cain, Stanley A. 371, 375, 270, Calais, Alfred M. 372, Buxton, Owen 328, Caldwell, Joseph 28. Caldwell, Warren W. 24, 25. Calhoun, J. W. 8, 13, 14, 24. California 61, 79; archeological sites, preservation 372; art 300; bibl C info 9; Civil War effort 302; hist 79, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 579; hist bibl info 300, 301, 308; hist, litho graphs 307; missions x Missions C.A. & Co. x Alger & Co. California; mountain passes 300; The C. M, Goethes and Nature Protection Spanish land grants 579; state parks by Carl P. Russell 568, 301, 510; state parks hist 411; Cabanne, John Pierre historical marker state parks, legislation 372; 363, transportation 301; place names 300; Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nunez 49, pioneers x Pioneers California; Cabildo· illus 91, railroads 300; settlement 282, 286. Cabildo Guide by C. S, Freret and California by K. C, Adams 75, W. G, Wiegand 91, California, A Study of American Character Caborca (Covorca) Mission marker 153; by J, Royce extracts 24. plaque photo 309, California Academy of Sciences Cabrillo National Monument 36, Carl P. Russell membership 469, The Cache by W. Macy illus 146, The California Column 302, Cache of Gun Parts and Gunsmithing Tools California Condor 501, Found Near Malta Bend, Missouri by California Conservation Council Merit T. M. Hamilton 10. Award to Carl P. Russell 469, Caches 49, 263; bibl info 263; The California 500 302, Bonneville's 263; hist 263; illus The California Gold Rush 300. 140, 146, 263; Jedediah Smith's 263; California Historical Landmarkers by Lewis & Clark 349; making 263; the State of California 300, trunks illus 263. California Historical Landmarks by the Caddoan Indians 2. State of California 79, Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe, Sieur de California historical markers x Historical 68. markers California, Cadotte, Jean Baptiste 68, California Historical Societies Cadotte, Michel 36, Conferences 36. Caen, Emery de 111. California Historical Society 36; Caen, William de 111. Carl P. Russell membership 469, Cahalane, Victor H. 27, 34, 244, 316, California Nature Study League 362, 370, 375, 391, 500, 515, 534; biog California Project 300, 302, 303, 304, info 391. 306, 307, 308. Cahill, Holger 2, California State Automobile Assoc, 79, Cain, D. V. 560.

(48) INDEX

California State Parks Commission, Canadian-U.S. border 81, 87. Division of Beaches and Parks organi Canals Chesapeake & Ohio 78; Erie 81; zation chart 411; personnel roster, Wabash 81. 1951 411. Canby, Edward R. S. 302. The Californian 300. Candles 228, 263; bibl info 263; California's Historical Monuments by holders 263; holders illus 144, P.G. & E. Co. 300, 263, 349; mfg 263; mfg tools 263; The Californias in Spain's Pacific Otter molds 263; molds illus 144, 263; Trade, 1?75-1795 by A. Ogden 79, prices 263. California's State Department of Natural Canfield, David H. 244, 363; biog info Resources attacks the problem of 558. conservation education by Canfield, Helen Stanford (Mrs. David H. Edward F. Dolder 500. Canfield) 395. Calistoga, Ca. 301. Cannin~, William x Cannon, William (also Callahan, Robert E. 76; port 76. spelled Canning). Caltrops 54, 157, 264; illus 54, 157, Canteens 263, 264; use 264. Cannon, William (also spelled Canning) Calvary Cemetery, St, Paul 33. 41, 292. Camas root cooking 159. Cannon 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, Camels California exped. 265. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 45, 52, 54, Cameron, Angus 35, 43, 191, 197, 201, 55, 127, 157, 246, 252, 255, 289, 204, 207, 209, 210, 211, 232. 319; abandoned 17; accidents 252; Cameron, Joseph 108; port 108, Alger & Co. 7, 14, 245; Alger & Co. Cammack, Eleanore 12. illus 137; Ames & Co. 14, 245; Camrnerer, Arno B. biog info 392, 449, ammunition 245; Andrew Fulton 31; 558; caricature 498; obit 392; port Ashley, William H. 7, 288; at 393. Gettysburg slides 358; Battery A, Camp, Charles Lewis biog info 394; port Virginia CityJ Nevada and their two 394; writings list 394, 3 11 Ordnance or Griffen Rifles illus Camp cookery 414. 14; bibl info 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, Camp Missouri x Forts Atkinson. 24, 239, 245, 319; Belgian 246; Campbell, Colin 277. boat 24, 252, 319; brass 19, 28; Campbell, Mrs. Paul M. 367, breech illus 52; breech-loading Campbell, Robert 84, 264; port 151, 246; British 5; British illus 137; Campbell, Samuel 277. bronze 245; bronze, 1853 245; bronze Camping 414. illus 137; Buried Texas cannon 373; Camps x Encampments. C.A. & Co. x Alger & Co.; carriages Camps, Camp Life and Procedures of the 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 25, 55, 245, 255; Mountain Men (proposed) by carriages illus 19, 55, 137, 179, Carl P. Russell 227, 228; correspon 255; carriages, prairie 22; dence 232; illus 229; illus list carriages, prairie illus 245; 227; outline 227; prospectus 232, carriages, prairie, origin 245; Campwood, Il. 323. carronades 6, 252; carronades illus Canaan Cooperative Cattle Co. 50. 252; casting 24; casting illus 24; Canaday, Dayton W. 328. cast-iron illus 137; catalog 127; Canadian Hunter and Voyageur by Civil War 13; cohorn 252; cohorn Fr. Mercier 85, slide 358; contracts 246;

(49) INDEX

Cannon (cont) disposition 245; dolphins Cannon (cont) howitzers, mountain, l2, l3, l4, l5, l6, l7, 2l; double Carson City illus 245; howitzers, barrel slide 358; effectiveness mountain, characteristics 289; 252; Federal guns slide 358; field howitzers, mountain, description 12; guns l4; Fort Berthold illus l37; howitzers, mountain, development Fort Dilt illus 137; Fort Nisqually illus ll; howitzers, mountain, 3l9; foundries 13; 4,5mm 21; frag disposition 13; howitzers, mountain, ments, brass 18; fragments, brass dolphins l3; howitzers, mountain, illus 18; French 12, 13, 245; French, 1829 245; howitzers, mountain, 1830 antecedents 17; Gettysburg 14; 245; howitzers, mountain, l831 245; Gettysburg battle re-enactment illus howitzers, mountain, 1832 245; how 16; Gold Hill illus 14; Grasshopper itzers, mountain, l833 245; howitzers, guns 239; Griffen gun 13; handles x mountain, l835 245; howitzers, Cannon dolphins; hauling illus mountain 1836 l4; howitzers, moun 137; Hooker works slide 358; how tain, 1836, distribution 245; how itzers 10, 11; howitzers, boat 15; itzers, mountain, 1836 illus 137, howitzers, boat, on field carriage 245; howitzers, mountain, l837 245; slide 358; howitzers, bronze illus howitzers, mountain, l839 l4; how 12; howitzers, carriages illus 12; itzers, mountain, l84l l4; howitzers, howitzers, carriages, dimensions 13; mountain, l845 245; howitzers, moun howitzers, description 14; howitzers, tain, 1846 245; howitzers, mountain, 1853 11; howitzers, field illus l847 245; howitzers, mountain, l847 19, 43; howitzers, Fremont's 6, 10, illus 245; howitzers, mountain, 1849 ll, l3, 2l, 24, 26, 233, 245; how 245; howitzers, mountain, 1850 245; itzers, Fremont's, controversy ll; howitzers, mountain, l853 245; how howitzers, Fremont's, description itzers, mountain, 1855 245; howitzers, 245; howitzers, Fremont's, Excerpts mountain, 1856 245; howitzers, 13; howitzers, Fremont's hist 319; mountain, 1859 245; howitzers, moun howitzers, Fremont's illus 245; tain, 1859 illus 245; howitzers, howitzers, Fremont's route illus 11; mountain, l861 245; howitzers, moun howitzers, Fremont's, search 11; tain, l862 245; howitzers, mountain, howitzers, Gibbon's 15; howitzers, 1863 245; howitzers, mountain, 1863 iron 18; howitzers, McClellan I s 246; illus 245; howitzers, mountain, 1870 howitzers, mountain xx Ranges of 245; howitzers, mountain, equipment Mountain Howitzer; howitzers, mountain 43, 246; howitzers, mountain, French 2, 6, 7, 8, ll, l2, 13, 15, l6, 17, 16; howitzers, mountain, French 18, 19, 20, 2l, 22, 24, 25, 26, 233, antecedents 13, 245; howitzers, 239, 239, 245, 246, 252, 29l, 319, 369, mountain illus 14, l5, 21, 26, 245; 370, 373; howitzers, mountain, Alger howitzers, mountain, Immigrant Springs lists 245; howitzers, mountain, Ames discovery l4; howitzers, mountain, lists 245; howitzers, mountain, information sources l6; howitzers, carriages 14, l7, 21, 22, 246; how mountain lists 12, l4, 17, 20, 21, itzers, mountain, carriages, descrip 26, 233, 245; howitzers, mountain, tions 245; howitzers, mountain, locations 245; howitzers, mountain, carriages illus ll, 15, 26, 137; markings 245, 246; howitzers, moun howitzers, mountain, Carson City 245; tain, markings (rubbings) 245;

(50) INDEX

Cannon (cont) howitzers, mountain, Cannon (cont) Rodman, casting method Mexican War 245; howitzers, mountain, slide 358; Russian 13, 26; 6- models 26; howitzers, mountain, pounder 19, 21; 6-pounder illus muzzle molds illus 233; howitzers, 21; 6-pounder slide 358; 6- mountain, orders and deliveries list pounder rifle slide 358; sledges, 245; howitzers, mountain, procurement snow illus 53; slides 358; Smith's by U.S. Army (1829-1861) 289; how (Jedediah) 7; stone 255; Swedish itzers, mountain, production 16; 246, 255; swivel guns 6, 9, 52, howitzers, mountain, shell illus 196, 252, 291, 319; swivel guns, 245; howitzers, mountain slides 358; ancient 54; swivel guns, descrip howitzers, mountain, use 21, 245, tion 252; swivel guns, Hudson's 246; howitzers, mountain, utility Bay Co. 24; swivel guns illus 6, 245; howitzers, origin 12; howitzers, 137, 141, 198, 252; swivel guns, prairie 24; howitzers, 6-inch illus m.0unted on boat slide 360; swivel 12; howitzers, 12-pounder, brass 245; guns, mounted on mule 286; swivel howitzers, 24-pounder flank illus guns, repeating 252; swivel guns, 218; idnetification, form 233; illus use 252; 10-pounder Parrott slide 7, 10, 11, 13, 19, 24, 54, 55, 127, 358; 3-inch ordnance rifles xx 137, 157, 179, 198, 233, 291, 520; Cannon Battery A, Virginia City, in mountains (1823) 282; information, Nevada and their two 3 11 Ordnance or search for 12; iron 245; iron, 1853 Griffen Rifles illus; 3-inch ordnance 245; Kipp's Post illus 137; Krupp rifles, description 13; 3-inch 17; Krupp, breechloader, 1865 16; ordnance rifles slide 358; 3,2- Krupp, pack gun illus 21; life inch blackpowder breechloader 26; expectancy 13; limber illus 15; 3,2-inch blackpowder breechloader lists 12; locations 12; lost 14, illus 26; trophy, 1825 248; 12- 15, 17, 158, 233, 245; Lyle line pounder 19; 12-pounder slide 358; throwing 16; mfgs 19, 20, 245; 20-pounder Brooks slide 358; 20- marine 20; markings 12, 15, 17, 18, pounder James slide 358; 24-pounder 20, 26, 137, 233, 252; markings, howitzer slide 358; types, descrip foundry 17; markings, government 17; tions 245; types lists 246; Union merchant marine 20; miniatures 19, Home Guard Volcano Blues illus 137; 20, 127; models 1841 illus 11; Mormon U.S. Army Bronze Guns & Howitzers, 13; mortar, description 14; Mtn. dimensions 12; use by Dragoons 12; Davidson, salute, June 30, 1878 Volcano 15, 17; wagon 252; War of illus 14; Napoleon 12, 16, 17, 26, 1812 246; weights 20; western 13; 245; Napoleon illus 21; Napoleon western list 252; wheel gun 6; slide 358; Old Abe 81; l.65 inch Whitworth slide 358, Hotchkiss mountain gun 26; packing Cannon-barrel x Pistols Queen Anne. illus 137; percussion field piece, Cannon Hunters Association of Seattle 3-pounder 19; plank 24, 252; 10, 12, 13, 14, 17, 26, 137, prairie carriages 17; prairie Cannon in Western Forts, 1823 252. carriages illus 137; prices 245; Cannon on the Hudson, 17th Century 255. prices, current 14; prices list Canoe Camp photo 350. 269; replicas 25; Revolutionary 246; Canoes 262, 328, 330, 339; bark, birch rifled 246; rifled illus 137; 262; bibl info 262; buffalo hides rifled, types 246; Rio Grande 13; 49; cedar 262; cottonwood 262;

(51) INDEX

Canoes (cont) dugout 28; dugout illus Carriages 58. 135, 262; dugout, making 262; equip Carriages and Wagons 58. ment 299; freight 262; Hudson's Bay Carson, Kit 36, 37, 42, 55, 68, 128, Co. illus 135; illus 135, 262; 279, 282, 283, 286; bibl info 36; Indian illus 262; Lewis & Clark cabin illus 153; port 46, 55, Exped. 25, 328, 330; making 262; 68, 151, 196, 198, 279. photo 325, 336, 340; Pirogue, descrip Carson, Thomas C. 364. tion 262; portage 262; portage Carson House and Museum illus 279. illus 262; racing 262; repairing Carter, Kate B. 58. illus 262; sail illus 262; skin Cartridges and Bullets from Fort Steven 262; trade 262; types 262; Yellow son, North Dakota by C. S. Smith 55. Ash 262. Carts 288; carreta illus 155; illus Canteens 4, 231; illus 139, 263; Leigh 145, 155, 229; ox illus 137, 279; 5; Leigh illus 231; military illus Red River illus 145. 263; tin illus 263; wooden, descrip Carver, John A., Jr. 495, tion 263; wooden illus 231. Cary, Lucian 52, Cantonments x Forts. Casa Grande National Monument, Ar. 510. Cap Hunt Stone 37. Case, Leland D. 9, Cape Disappointment 327. The Case of the Clark Papers by Caps 30, 42, 299; bibl info 299; coon Robert H. Bahmer and Paul M. Angle skin 32; mountain men illus 263; 343. Scotch 30. Cases documents 263. Captain James Riley, Mariner - Author - Casks 4, 231, 263; brandy 263; German Surveyor by L. A. Warren 73, 263; illus 139, 231, 263; powder Captain John Smith Trading with Powhatan illus 263; rum 263; shipping illus Indians illus 37, 263; whiskey illus 263. Captain Morris's Journal by H. H. Peckham Cass, Lewis 269. 72. Cass, Martin H. 281. Caravan Enroute illus 282. Castillo de San Marcos 510; hist 87. Caravans x Wagon trains. Castoreum 261, 274, 276, 299; uses, The Carbine by J. A. Menaugh 158. techniques 276. Cardero, Jose 284. Castro, Kenneth 98. Carey, Charles 7, Castro, L. J. 321, 369; port 457, Carhampton x Morgan, Robert, Earle of Catalog of the Borrowdale Collection 127, Carhampton. A Catalogue of Books and Maps Belonging Carhart, Arthur Hawthorne 1, 363, 372, to the Finley Collection on the 373, 374. History and Romance of the Northwest Caribbean Islands early man site 507. by the Knox College Library 341. Carithers, J. F. 485, Catalogue of Guns, Swords, Cannons, Equip Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation 508. ment, Military Goods, &c for sale by Carleton, James H. 302. Francis Bannerman, April, 1889 127. Carlsbad Caverns formation 507. Catalogue of W. H. Jackson Photos, 1869- Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New 18?5 70. Mexico by Carl P. Russell 566. Cate, Margaret Davis 82. Carnes, William G. 395, Catlin 68. Carpentry tools 45. Catlin, George C. 2, 30, 32, 34, 38, 42, Carreta illus 155, 49, 68, 83, 146, 269, 273, 279, 284;

(52) INDEX

Catlin, George C. (cont) bibl info 284; The Challenge of Park Management Today itinerary 284; National Park idea by George B. Hartzog, Jr. 550. 42; port l5l, 284. Chalmette National Historical Park, La. Caton, A. J. 468. 5l0, Cats 258. Chamberlain, C. William 68. Cats ... On the Side-Hills by T. Gauba l08. Chamberlain, Newell D. 36, 305, Cattle 258; in Yosemite 305, Champlain, Samuel de 86, 253, 280; Cattle ranching Spanish origins 507; port 86. Texas 509, Champlain's Shot at Iroquois, 1609 253, Cavalier, Rene Robert, Sieur de la Salle Champlain's Shot at the Mohawks 255. x La Salle, Rene Robert Cavalier, Champoeg, Or. 282. Sieur de. Chandler, Melbourne C. l90. Cavalry xx Dragoons. Chaney, Ralph W. 420. Cavalry 269, 282; armament 269; classifi- Changing Conditions in the Kentucky cation 269; hist 282. Mountains by B. H. Schockel 90, A Cavalry Veteran by H. Anderson 68. CHAOS x Cannon Hunters Association of Caverns 37l. Seattle. Cayuse Indians 36, 28l, 283. Chapelle, Howard I. 3, l35. Caywood, Louis R. 4, 8, 28, 4l, 50, 60, Chapman, John 68; port 68. 94, lOO, 20l, 276. Chapman, Oscar L. 4ll, 5l5; biog info Celebrating the Birth of Commerce & 395; port 395, 402. Industry in the United States l07. Charbonneau, Baptiste 272, 294, 329, Celebrating 150 Years of the Louisiana Charles W. Morgan (whaleship) 80. Purchase by B. DeVoto lll. Charlevoix, Pierre Fran~ois Xavier de 78. Celtic Art on Scottish Pistols by Charlottesville, Va. 325, J. R. Mayer 54. Chateau de Ramezay 92. Cenozoic era time scale 507.' Chateau de Ramezay Museum 78. Centennial in Yosemite by Carl P. Russell Chatelain, Verne E. 98. 538. Chauvin, Pierre lll. Centennial of Oregon Trail Offers Oppor Chauvin (blacksmith) 45. tunity to Revitalize Ideals by Checklist of Material Objects for Use in H. D. Angell 95, Museum Exhibits, History Museum at Centennial of San Francisco Presidio 98. Moose, Grand Teton National Park by Central Valley, California Project 50l. Merrill J. Mattes 368. Ceramics bibl info 263. Chernoff, Arnold 52, Cerre, Michel Sylvestre 288. Cherokee Indians 269, 270, 27l, 272, Cerro Gordo Reports 22. 275, 28l. Chabot, Frederick C. 76. Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, Md. 78, 5l0. Chadron, Nb. 92, 93, Chesh-oo-hong-ha by G. Catlin port 32. Chadron Museum Devoted to West's Early Cheyenne Indians 63, 8l, l46. Fur Trade 93. A Cheyenne Scalp 63, Chains 28; illus 276; traps 3l; traps, A Chicago Hero in the Civil War by brass wire 275; traps illus l44, J. A. Menaugh 72. 275. Chicago Portage National Historic Site Chalfant, W. A. 559, 5l0, The Challenge of a Mobile Audience by Chicago's Infant Iron Industry ... 57. Carl P. Russell 566. Chick, W. Drew l6.

(53) INDEX

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National The Christopherson Papers by B. DeVoto Military Park 510. 287. Chickasaw Indians 269, 271, 272, 273. Chronicles of Cosie Hutchings Mills by Chief Joseph 55; port 55. Elizabeth H. Godfrey 558, Chihuahua Trail 282. Chronology for Tumacacori National Monu Chihauhuan Desert, Mexico mammals 507. ment by H. E. Rensch 525. Childersburg Site 60. Chronology of the Death Valley Region in Childs, Frank W. biog info 395. California, 1849-1949 by T. S. Palmer Chimney Rock, Nb. illus 84, 85, 153, 80. 364; photo 449. Church of the Tourists by R. Wilson Brown Chimney Rock by A. J. Miller illus 153. 536, Chimney Rock, Nebraska by Churchill, Jane 563. Merrill J. Mattes 510. Churchill, Sylvester 24. Chimney Rock on the Oregon Trail by Churchills in the Army Register to 1900 Merrill J. Mattes 364. 24. China 50. Cibola 78, 93, Chinard, Gilbert 71. Cibola Ditch 374. Chinese 117; in California 301, 303. City Celebrates 185th Birthday 98, Chinese Joss House, Ca. 303. Civet 128; illus 128. Chinese of the West - A Scholarly Colorful Civil War 72, 302; Conferate prisoner Study by R.H. Dillon 117. letter 24; defenses, Washington, D.C Chinook Indians 277, 336. 531; rifles x Rifles Civil War. Chinook Point and the Story of Fort Civil War Centennial commission chairmen, Columbia by John A. Hussey 341. by state lists 19. Chinook Point, Wa. photo 330. Civil War groups in the West lists 19. The Chinook Sign of Freedom: a Study of Civilization beginnings 507. the Famous Chief Concomly by Civilization Act (1819) 282. T. D. Stewart 329. Claiborne, William 36, Chipman, Art 18. Clamps illus 28. Chippewa Indians 265, 299; illus 151. Clapp, Henry B. 80. Chisels ice 28, 264; illus 28, 264. Clapp, Henry W. 80. Chittenden, Hiram Martin 36, 42. Clapp, Ralph caricature 498. Choctaw Indians 273, Clark, Arthur H. x Arthur H. Clark Co. A Choicy Morsel of Slander Put to the Clark, Bert 515. Test by D. T. Herndon 76. Clark, Donald H. 12, 13, 14, 17, 19, Charis, Louis 63, 284. 137; obit 26. Chouart des Groseilliers, Medard 281. Clark, Donald R. 26. Chouteau, Auguste 269, 276, 280, 282; Clark, George Rogers 68; port 68. bi bl info 287. Clark, John 20. Chouteau, Auguste Pierre 43, 269, 272, Clark, John Harvey 288. 279, 299; port 151, Clark, John J. 280. Chouteau, Pierre 264, 274, 278; bibl Clark, LeRoy W. 362. info 287; port 209, 520. Clark, Neil M. 107. Chouteau family biog info 520. Clark, Robert E. 31. Chouteau 1s Post, Ok. marker 363. Clark, Samuel 160; biog info 399, The Christian Ministry and the National Clark, William 42, 68, 71, 279, 281, 282, Parks by John Doerr 549. 285; diary 329; port 151, 520.

(54) INDEX

Clarke, Dwight L. 11, 12, 14. Collins, L. W. port 498. Clarke, John 282. Collins, Mary Barrow 309, Clarke, Laurence port 87, Collins and Company x The Collins Co. Clark's Musewn 349, The Collins Co. 66, 132, 207; hist 191, Clay, Henry 269, Coloma, Ca. 300, 301. Clay Pipes by E. T. Peterson 67. Colonial National Historical Park 510, Cleghorn, William W. 312. 513; master plan (Mission 66) 510; Cleland, Robert Glass 27, 230, 363; obit organization brief 549, 395. Colonial National Monument 510. Climatic change 507. Colonial Williamsburg x Williamsburg. Cline, Fred 292, Colonial Williamsburg and Its Restoration Clinton, George biog 87; port 87, 103,· Clinton, Henry 87; biog 87. Colonies Spanish 282. Clinton, James 87; biog 87, Colonization British, by year (1607- Clothes x Costume. 1780) list 293; Spanish, by year Clothes Indian x Costume Indian. (1493-1819) list 293, Clubs Indian 45. Colorado hist 82; state parks 78. Clyman, James 280, 281, 285, 286, 288; The Colorado State Museums port 151; residence illus 286. Colorful California Names: Their History Clyman, John 279. and Meaning by the American Trust Co. Coakley, Thomas 305. 300. Coals to a Native Newcastle by Colorful Place Names of Northern A. Woodward 56. California by Wells Fargo Bank 300. Coast Miwok Indians 521. Colt, Samuel 127; bibl info 247; port Coastanoans 63, 254. Coats fur illus 143. Colt 1836 to 1857 53, Cochran, John J. statement on Jackson Colt Paterson Factory hist 247, Hole National Monument 516. Colt Revolving Rifles and Carbines 254. Codallos y Rabal, Joaquin 280. Colt vs Remington by B. K. Wingate 55, Cody, William F. (Buffalo Bill) 55; port Colt Weapons in Florida 248. 55, 151, 162. Colter, John (also spelled Coulter) 42, Coffey, Katherine biog info 399, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283; bibl info Coffman, John D. 374; biog info 396; 279; historical marker 363; routes port 396. 42. Coins fractional, making 263; French Colter Bay Visitor Center x Grand Teton 263; hist 263; minting of 304; National Park Colter Bay Visitor Spanish illus 263, Center. Colby, William Edward biog info 397; Colter Stone 42; authenticity 449. obit 397; port· 397. Colter's Hell and Jackson's Hole: The Coleman, Laurence Vail 168, 321, 559; Early Exploration of the Upper Yellow biog info 398; port 398. stone and Grand Teton Regions by Coleman, R. V. 7, 238. Merrill J, Mattes outline 369 Collections Missouri Historical Society Colt's Revolvers 254. 238; museum and monument list 296; Columbia and Snake Rivers confluence studied by Carl P. Russell 257, illus 279. Collier, Elisha Haydon biog info 254. Collins, George L. 373, 398,

(55) INDEX

Columbia Fur Co. 279, 282. Confidential Digest of the Fur Trade of Columbia River mouth map 325; photo the United States by W. J. Ghent 331; portages 279. 109, Comanche Indians 36, 269, 280, 281, 282. The Conflict between the California Combat with the Indians: Some Grass Indian and White Civilization: IV Roots Observations by the Regular Rank by S. F. Cook 61. and File by Don Rickey, Jr. 322. Congress Plans Major Fort Clatsop Improve Comb-making illus 144. ments to Turn Site Into National Comeggs (London firm) 43. Historic Monument 335, Cominazzo, Lazarrio 254. Congress Voting Independence by Commemoratives Lewis & Clark Exped. 350. J.M. Mulcahy 72, Comments on the Henry Winkler Rifle by Conner, Jeremiah 43, W. White 33. Conner, Patrick E. 42. Comments on the Impairment of Park Values Conner, William 312, in Zion National Park by Conner Prairie Museum illus 315. Dorr G. Yeager 549. Conness, John 537, Comments on Wilderness by Conservation 96, 363, 370, 373, 387, Howard R. Stagner 499. 389, 499, 500, 501, 516, 536, 557, Committee for the Recovery of Archaeologi 577, 578, 579, 581; California 500, cal Remains 28. 501; citizens' committees 500; Communications 274; bibl info 263; collections 370; education 362, methods 263; sign language 263. 366, 374, 420, 500, 501, 502, 534; Company of Military Collectors and Germany 508; NPS policy 499; Historians 19; Carl P. Russell a organizations list 499; philosophy Fellow 468. 411; quotations 499, 500, 501, 505; Comparet, A. C. 109. quotations, David Brower 387; quot·a The Comstock 7, tions list 375; U.S. hist 499, 575, Comstock Lode 101. Conservation by the People by The Concessioner's Role in National Park Rosalie Edge 500. Development by Hilmer Oehlmann 499, The Conservation Conscience by Concessions x National Parks business Roberts Mann 501. concessions. Conservation in the National Parks 549. Concomely (Flathead Indian) 277, Conservation Library Center of North Comcomly (Chinook Indian Chief) 282. America, Denver, Co. 371, 375; Concomly Canoe Memorial, Or. 333; illus collections, philosophy 372; infor 153; photo 333, mation 374; interest in NPS manu Condon, David de L. 6, 36; biog info scripts 373, 398. Conservationists 460, 465; list 375; Coney, Donald 160. port 501. Confederate States of America historic Containers xx names of specific types of objects 78. containers. Conference of Challenges, Yosemite Containers 4, 50, 228, 231, 261, 263, National Park, 1963 Carl P. Russell 267; bottles, ink 277; cans, tin comments 495. hist 265; wooden 330; wooden illus Conference on Historic Objects, 1956 330; illus 139, 231; pigment illus agenda 287; participants list 287. 274; powder casks illus 252; snuff Confidence in the American Way by boxes illus 273; tin ware 264. Carl P. Russell 566.

(56) INDEX

Containers by Carl P. Russell 231. Costwne (cont) mountain men 263; Continental drift 507. mountain men illus 138, 140, 263; Cook, Charles D. 127. overshoes, buffalo 261; overshoes, Cook, Dean 363. buffalo illus 261; ponchos 263; Cook, Lawrence F. obit 398. prices 263; voyageur 258, 263; Cook, S. F. 61. woolens 263. Cooke, Philip St. George 269. Cotter, John L. 28, 201, 271. Cooke City, Mt. marker 363. Cottonwood as horse food 265. Cooking x specific items. Coues, Elliot 258. Cooking hot-coals, method 128. Coulterville, Ca. 301. Cooper, James Fenimore 285. Council Bluffs illus 153. Cooper, John M. 108. Council Blufffs, Nb. 279, 282, 323, 327; Cooper, Paul 28. illus 153, Copper 78, 255, 264; Mexican 507; value Council meetings x Rendezvous of the 45. mountain men council meetings. Copperopolis by C. Smith 78. County has Busy Weekend with Regatta, Copyrights renewals 25; search for 25. Fort Clatsop Programs 332. Coquillard, Alexis 312, 313. Courtin, Charles 264. Corbett, John M. 28, 373. Courville, Cyril B. 2, 45, 207. Corbin, Jean Baptiste 36. The Covered Wagon by Shasta Historical Corcoran, May Stanislas 68, 559. Society 301. Corcoran, Michael 157. Covici, Pascal 164. Corcoran Paper abstracts 305. Cowbird 49. Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary, Fl. 510. Cowles, Ernest 21, 41, 328. Corn mill Lewis & Clark Exped 330. Cowpokes in Paris: Visitez les U.S.A. Cornelius Wynkoop's Musket by by Horace Sutton 503. J. R. Mayer 54. Cox, Elbert 160, 375, 399. Cornell, Harvey H. biog info 368. Cox, Ross 282, 285. Cornell Nature Study Phi fosophy by Coyner, David H. 285. E. Laurence Palmer 500. Coyote 128. Cornell University nature study program Crabb, Henry A. 309, 311. 500. Crabb, Richard 96. Cornwall Furnace 57. Crabb Exped 309, 311; personnel 309; Corr, James 501. bibl info 309, 311. Corwin, R. S. 90. Crabb family 309. Coryell, Paul 14. Crabb Project 309, 311. Cosby, John D. 309. Crabb 1 s Expedition into Sonora by Costley, Richard J. 207. James 0 1Meara 311. Costume 263, 299; pibl info 258, 263, Crafts, Edward C. 502. 275; breeches, deerskin, making 263; Craig, William 36. Canadian frontiersmen 85; capot 263; Cramer, Sterling S. 510. coats, buffalo illus 261; colonial Crampton, C. Gregory 88, 363. 274; dress, Indian illus 271; Cranesville Swamp Nature Sanctuary, WV.- English illus 255; Indian 30, 86, Md. 510. 87, 261, 263; Indian illus 150, 272; Crater Lake National Park 510. leather 263; Lewis & Clark Exped Crater Lake National Park, Oregon by illus 349; military 279; Carl P. Russell 566.

(57) INDEX

Craven, H. P. 369. Currency (cont) paper, Georgia 51; Cree Indians 99, 282; life, domestic 99, paper, Maryland 51; paper, Creek Indians 83, 264, 269, 270, 272, Massachusetts Bay Colony 51; paper, 273, 281. Missouri 51; paper, North Carolina The Crime at Ford's Theater by E. J. Kelly 51; paper, Pennsylvania 51; paper, 71. South Carolina 51; paper, states Crittenden, Christopher 162, 364. 51; paper, Texas 51; paper, U.S. Cromwell, John 36. 51; Spanish 51; Spanish four-bit Crook, George 21. piece illus 51; tokens 51; tokens Crooks, Ramsay 5, 36, 45, 258, 264, 266, illus 51. 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, Curry, Mrs. D. A. 559, 278, 282, 287, 291, 299; biog info Curtis, Arthur P. 52, 279; port 151, 520. Curtis, Bernie 44. Croonquist, Stanley M. 164, 560. Custer, George Armstrong 68, 77; port Cross, Martha Mary 33. 68, 77, The Crossbow in America 253, Custer Battlefield National Cemetery 510. Crossbows 253, Custer Battlefield National Monument 24. Crosses xx Crucifixes. Custer Way Museum photo 156. Crosses double illus 271; illus 150, Custer I s Blacl~ Hills Exped photo 77. 229, 271; silver illus 270, Custer's Black Hills Expedition of 18?4 Crow, James 44, 131. by C. C. 0'Harra 77, Crow Indians 42, 146, 263, 271, 276, 279, Custer's Last Stand rifles used illus 281, 282, 283; illus 146; social 141. life and customs 49. Custer's Last Stand by R. Taft 75. Crowfoot x Caltrops. The Custodial Activities in National Park Crucifixes xx Crosses. Areas in Relation to the Economic Crucifixes 28, 271; markings illus 271, Welfare of Nearby Communities by Cruickshank, Robert 271, 272, 277. John E. Doerr 549, Cuba 91. The Custodial Responsibility of the Culbertson, Mrs. 36. National Park Service by Culbertson, Alexander biog info 363. Carl P. Russell 362, 566. Culbertson, Stuart 321. Cuthbert, Norma 328. Cumberland Gap 37, 279, Cuthbertson, Stuart. 109. Cumberland Gap National Historical Park Cutlass x Swords cutlass. 364, 510, Cutler 80. Cuneo, John R. 468. Cutler, F. Sanford 9, Cunningham, J. Byron 305. Cultery x Knives. Cups 4, 231; tin 263; tin illus 231, Cutter, Irving S. obit 400; port 400. 263. Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Curnow, Jack 158. Monument 78, Currency 51; British 51; coins, bullion Cuyamaca Museum Project 309, 51; coins, copper 51; coins, descrip tions 51; coins, gold 51; coins, Missouri 51; coins, pewter 51; coins, silver 51; coins, U.S. 51; colonial 51; Continental Currency 51; French 51; Hudson's Bay Co. 45; North West Co. 45; paper 51; paper, Delaware 51;

(58) INDEX

Dearborn wagons x Wagons Dearborn. Deare, James W. 282. Deas, Charles 284. Death of Joseph S. Dixon by D Carl P. Russell 566. Death of W. H. Vanderburgh, 1832 illus 169. The Death of Wolfe by B. West illus 285. Daggers x Knives daggers. Death Valley 80; hist 80; illus 80. Daggett, Paul 33, Death Valley by T. H. Means So. The Daguerreotype in America by de Champlain, Samuel x Champlain, Samuel de. B. Newhall, criticism 75, Decker, Milo S. port 498. Daguerreotypy 284. Deckstader, Frederick J, 329. Dakota Territory So. Dedication Ceremonies for Fort Clatsop ... Damon, Ralph 401, port 489, 333. Darns xx National Parks darns. Dedication Program: Fort Clatsop National Darns 387, 411, 499, 500, 501, 512. Memorial and Visitor Facilities by Dana, Richard Henry 284, 286. the National Park Service 331. Daniel Boone by H. McCracken 128. Dedication P1°ogram, Permanent Home of Daniel Boone's Ghost Writer by J. Walton William H. Jackson I s Paintings 70. 70. Deer 549; Indian method of trapping 41; Darbee, Herbert C. 329, skins 263, 299; skins, as food 265; Dare, Virginia 97. skins, production 263; skins, value Darley, F.O.C. 146. 263. Darling, Daniel 278. Defenders of Furbearers 108. Daughters of the American Revolution 83. Defenders of San Gorgonio Wilderness 500. The Daughters of the Confederacy 78, Deffaite des Yroquois au Lac de Chmnplain, Davenport, George 70; port 70, Champlain's own picture plan, 1613 Davidson, John W. 21. illus 86. Davis, Eliot 43. Degnan, Mary Ellen 401, 469. Davis, Jefferson 269. Degnan family 558, Davis, John M. 309, 401. Deignan, H. C. 87. Davis, Shelden 559, DeJarnette, David L. 19, 60. Davis, William, Jr. 305, 327, de L. Condon, David x Condon, David de L. Davis, William Hawley 559. de la Montagne, John 364. Dawson, Glen 9, 43, 563, Delegates Registered for American Associa Dawson, William A. 365. tion of Museums Meeting list 165. Day, John 36, 279, 282; biog info 279. Delaware Indians 269, 271, 281. Deacon, James 375, Delft, Cornelius x Jakobsen of Delft, Deadfalls 108, 276; illus 108, 154, 202, Cornelius. 276; overhung 108; types 108; The Delta 300. underpropped 108, Demaray, Arthur E. 42, 278, 279, 362, Deadrnan 1 s Bar 95, 411, 468, 502, 510, 515; biog info Deadwood, SD. So; illus So. 402; caricature 498; obit 402, 566; Deakins, Duane D. 368, 369. port 402, 411. Dean, Herman P. 5, 52, 162, Deming, Edwin Willard 84.

(59) INDEX

DeMint, Thomas W. 7, Devoto, Bernard Augustine 34, 36, 42, Dempsey, Hugh 31. 111, 238, 284, 4o4, 411, 507; Dengler, Hermann 2. opinion on Dinosaur dam 512. DenHardt, R. M. 58. Dexter, F. Theodore 5. Denig, Mrs. (Deer Little Woman) 36. Dexter, Timothy 43. Dentzel, Carl S. 364. Diary of S. M. Jamison 1850 70. Department of the Interior program, Dice, Lee R. 559; biog info 403. World War II 534. Dick, Beaver (The Squaw Man) 36. Department of the Interior Museum, Diclrnon, Robert 45. Washington, D.C. proposed 504. Diderot, Denis 275. Deposition of Joel H. Brooks, March 10, Diderot, His Encyclopedia Spread Knowledge 1858 74. 275. Depperman, William 52. Diederich, Leo J. biog info 403. Depression 1837 80. The Difficulties of Getting Results with Deringer, Henry 247, 248, 319; bibl info Military Rifle 248. 248. The Digger's Digest 61. Desert Research Institute summer science Digging Up the Plains Indian's Past by training program in field ecology C. S. Smith 63. 374. Dillahunty, Albert 2. DeSmet, Pierre-Jean 84, 151, 282, 283, Dillon, Richard 117, 285; 288; port 151. Dines, Glen (Harry G.) 24, 142, 19, 202, DeSmet's Illustrator: Father Nicolas 204, 205, 210; biog info 191, 201; Point by J. F. McDermott 84. letter of recommendation 25. DeSoto Exped. 76; illus 76. Dinosaur Cavern, Az. 371, 512; exhibit DeSoto in Arkansas by J. R. Fordyce 76. plan 371, Dessins de Lesuerur 71. Dinosaur Countl0 y by G. E. Untermann and Destination: Our Land by Walter A. Doty B. R. Untermann 512. 516. Dinosaur National Monument, Co.-Ut. 365, The Destruction of San Francisco Bay by 500, 512; proposed dams 411, 500; Thomas M. Bonnicksen 501. proposed dams, controversy 512. Detaye, Pierre 281. Dinosaurs 371, 512; Arizona 371; bibl DeTurk, Charles A. 373. info 371, Deutrich, Mabel E. 19, 137, Dinsmore, 0. R. 363.· Developing an Interpretive Program for Directory and Identification of Names of the Future, NFS Conference, 1963 the Oregon Provisional Government 75. notes 373, Dirks x Knives dirks. The Development of Non-Corrodible Gun The Discovery of Gold in the Black Hills Barrels by F. A. Fahrenwald 52. by C. C. 0 1Harra 77. The Development of the National Park The Discovery of the Green River by System and the National Park Service C. G. Crampton 88. 502. Diseases 255, 263; bibl info 263; Devil's Gate 95; illus 95, 153, cholera 263; hist 263; Indian fear Devil's Gate on the Sweetwater by of smallpox 282; malaria 263; rabies A. J. Miller illus 153, 263; smallpox 61; smallpox, among Devil's Postpile National Monument 558. Indians 263; smallpox, treatment 263; treatment, methods 263; venereal 263.

(60) INDEX

Disher, Kenneth B. 30, 43, 70, 167; Dougherty, John 42. biog info 4o4; port 404. Douglas, Alan R. 4. Distilleries Turley's 1. Douglas, David 285, 409; biog info 409. Distilling illus 131. Douglas, Donald Willis 409; port 489. Distinguished Service Award (NPS) Douglas, James 282. Carl P. Russell 367, 375, Douglas, Marjory 253. Ditchman, Robert 28. Douglas, William 0. port 438; writings Ditmars, Raymond L. obit 403. on conservation 438. Divers Discover 1?5 Year Old Kettles on Douglas fir x Douglas, David. Trade Route 50. Douthit, James 158. Dixon, Joseph K. 30. Dovell, J. E. 81. Dixon, Joseph Scattergood obit 405, 566; Downey, Fairfax 12, 239, port 405; writings list 405. Doyle, Benjamin 45. d'Lagnel, J. A. 19. Dragon ✓ (rifle ornament) 5, 6, 7, 9, 16, Doane, Gustavus C. photo 406. 24, 28, 31, 235, 251, 253; Barnett Dobie, J. Frank 66. 1846-1871 7; illus 9, 28, 141, 175, Doble, John (miner) 301. 198, 251; kinds illus 169; origin Dockstader, Frederick J. 9, 7, 10, 31. Doctors x Physicians. Dragoon gun x Cannon howitzers, Fremont. Dodge, Henry 269, 279, 280; bibl info Dragoons 12, 21, 24, 26, 248, 282, 283, 269; port 151. 291; armament 269; band 21; bibl Dodge, Natt Noyes 12, 13, 362, 364, 369, info 269; hist 282; origin 252. 371, 474; biog info 407; port 407. Dragoons, 1st 36; chart of annual Dodge Exped. (1834) 269, positions 22. Dodge family biog info 279. Drahos, Nick 108. Doerr, John E. 42, 160, 228, 362, 364, Drake, Sir Francis 521; port 87. 366, 367, 516; obit 408. Drake Landed in San Francisco Bay in 15?9: Dogs 258; as food 265; domestication The Testimony of the Plate of Brass 507; domestication, by Indians 507; by Walter A. Starr 301. Indian 159, The Drama of the National Parks by Dolphin, Vernon M. 371, 372, 373, 512. Carl P. Russell 536, 566. Dolphins (rifle ornament) 251; illus Draper, Benjamin 49. 251. Draper, Lyman Copeland 285. Dom{nguez, Francisco Antanasio biog info Drawings Carl P. Russell specifications 512; routes of travel 148. for artists 34, 261. Dorn{nguez-Escalante Exped. hist 512. Drew, Mrs. John port 151. Donohoe, Frank 469. Dreyfuss, Henry 410; port 489. Donop, Earl Emil Curt von 70. Driggs, Howard R. 92, 105, 243. Don't Shoot Till You Got Your Bead by Drips, Andrew 288; biog info 520; W. M. Raine 55. trading post 42; Indian Agent for Dorion, Madame Pierre 36. Upper Missouri 42. Dorr, George B. caricature 498. Drips, Henry bibl info 287. Dorst, J. H. port 475. Drips' Trading Post 42. Dort, Wakefield 362. Drought, Henry 37, The Double Bitted Axe by Drought in Southwest 507, Carl P. Russell 215, 226. Drouillard, George 70, 71, 241, 279, 281, Doubleday and Co., Inc. 190. 291; bibl info 279,

(61) INDEX

Drucker, Philip 28. Drug Supplies in the American Revolution by George B. Griffenhagen 341, Drugs 263, 341. Drums 263, E Drury, Aubrey 101, 469; obit 411. Drury, Clifford M. 25. Drury, Newton Bishop 42, 160, 165, 167, 238, 321, 363, 420, 443, 499, 515, 558, 560, 561; biog info 411; port E. K. Bishop Lumber Co, 362. 411, 502; resignation as Director of Eakin, J, Ross 362; caricature 498, Park Service, controversy 411; state Ear bobs x Rings ear. ment on Jaclrnon Hole National Monument Earliest Dated Southwestern Archeological 516; testimonials 411, Sites 64. Ducharme, Baptiste 70. Earliest Evidence of Pipe Smoking 273. Duchesne River 37, Early American Caltrops 157, Duffield, Edward 272, Early American Industries Assoc. Dufrene (gunsmith) 45, Carl P. Russell membership 469. Duke, Cecil H. A. 372, Early & Modern Firearms Co, 127. Duluth, Mn. 80. Early Assiniboine Trading Post by Duncan McDougall by Carl P. Russell 33, D. A. Stewart 63, 241. Early Day Experience in Yosemite by Dunlap, Boutwell 73. Mary Ellen Degnan 558, Dunlap, D. Keith 375, Early Fabric Names 106. Dunlop, Richard 70. Early Fire-Making Methods and Devices Dunn, Charles S. 328, 329. by W. N. Watson 57, Dunn, L. F. 276, Early Fur Returns from the Pacific North DuPont, Eleuthere Irenee 319; obit 52, west by R. G. Beidleman 265, DuPont Co, 6; hist 52. Early History of Glacier National Park, DuPont family hist 52; port 52, Montana by Madison Grant 512. DuPont Gunpowder 252, Early History of Jackson Hole by Dupuy, R. E. 26. Carl P. Russell 242. Dupuy, T. N. 26. Early History of Yellowstone National Dlirer, Albrecht 49, Park and Its Relation to National DuShane, J, D. 9. Park Policies by Louis C. Cramton Dutch in New York 532. Dutch Pipe Production Concentrated in Early History of Yosemite Valley, Cali Gouda for Almost 350 Years 273. fornia by Ralph S. Kuyl~endall 536. Dutch West India Co. 111, 139, 255, 316. Early Mining Excitements East of Yosemite Dutton, David D. 301. by Carl P. Russell 567. Dye, Job E. 286. Early Nomenclature of the Columbia by Dykes, Jeff C. 75. W. A. Langille 342. Dyrud, M. J. 43. Early Travels to Yellowstone Geyser Basins by Carl P. Russell 242. Early White Influence Upon Plains Indian Painting by J. C. Ewers 62.

(62) INDEX

Early Years in Yosemite by Carl P. Russell The Effect of Excessive Tourist Travel 567. on the California RedJ,Jood Parks by Early Years of Nature Guiding in Yosemite E. P. Meinecke 362. photo 370, The Effects of Human Impact Upon Sequoia Earminson, E. 559, Gigantea and Its Environment in the Earp, Wyatt 54, 127; port 54, 127. Mariposa Grove, preliminary outline Earthenware x Pottery. by Richard J. Hartesveldt 366. Earthmaker (Indian God) 273, 274. The Effects of the American Revolution Easedale, William 36, 276. Upon the Distribution of Guns to East Bay (San Francisco Bay) regional Indians by Carl P. Russell 235. park system, program 556. Ehrenberg, Herman 288. Easten, L. C. journey from Fort Laramie The 1836-1866 Bronze Muzzle Loading to Fort Leavenworth 84. Cannon of the Far West 14. Eastern National Park & Monument Assoc. Eisen~hower, Mamie 143. 28. El Alisal home of Charles F. Lummis 440. Eastern Washington Historical Society 4. El Dorado County (Ca.) 300; maps 301. Eastman, George M. 70, 362; port 70. Elder Creek, Ca. 512. Eastman, Seth 284. Eleutherian Mills Hagley Foundation 21. Easton, L. C. 84. Elevators 57. Eastwood, Alice biog info 412; port Elfego Baca 's One-Man vlar by D. G. Simms 412. 68. Eaton, John H. 56, 288. Elias, Sol P. 559. Ebbert, George W. 36. Eliot, W. G. 69. Echo Park Dam (Dinosaur National Monument) Elk 516, 549, 550, 580; as food 265; proposed 365, 512. head illus 143; skins 299; skins, Economic Aspects of National Parks and production 261; Yellowstone, number Equivalent Reserves 370; Yellowstone photo 362; by Charles A. De Turk 556. Yosemite photo 362. Economic Aspects of the Wyoming Fur Trade Ellis, Williams J. 413. by L. Bagley and N. M. Frost 109, Ellison, Robert Spurrier 82, 88. Eddie (or Eddy), Thomas 278, 279, Elman, Robert 26. Edgar Sannw l Paxson 72. Elston, Clair M. 207. Edge, Rosalie Barrow (Mrs. C. N. Edge) Emergency Conservation Committee 500. accomplishments 501; report, 1941 Edgerton, Sidney 82. 500. Edison, Thomas A. 92; port 92. Emery, William M. 80. Edision Institute 88, 92. An Emigrant from South America by Edision Institute and Greenfield Village Carl P. Russell 567. 88. Emigrants German 291. Edmonds, Kermit H. 25. Emigration 263; bibl info 263. Edmunds, I. M. 537, Emil Ernst by Carl P. Russell 567. Education for Wilderness T1°avelers by Emmert, John W. 361; biog info 412. Carl P. Russell 567. The Empire Builder 75. Edward, Richard 71. Empire on the Platte by R. Crabb 96. Edwards, William B. 9, Employees and Alumni Association of the Eells, Cushing 283. National Park Service Eells, Myra T. 288. Carl P. Russell membership 469.

(63) INDEX

Encampment by A. J. Miller illus 146. Evans, Jessie Fant 70, Encampment at Wind River Mountains Evans, John 282. by A. J. Miller illus 146. Evans, Richard T. caricature 498. Encampment of Indians near Rocky Mountains Evans, Silas 468, 559, by A. J. Miller illus 146. Ever the Same as Yesterday: the Historic Encampments 265; bibl info 263; Browns House Today 504. Hole 263; description 263; fire Everest: the West Ridge by making 263; hist 263; illus 145, Thomas F. Hernbeing 322. 153, 209, 229; Indian 263; winter Everglades (Fl.) 81; hist 81; illus 81. 263. The Everglades, Florida's New National Enewold, Robert F. 53. Park by L. M. Gradick 105, Engineering Applied to National Parks Everglades National Park 105, by Stephen T. Mather 549. Everhart, William C. 317, 321, 328, English, Ken 469. 329, 503. An Eng1°aved Tomahm.uk Pipe by R. G. Morgan Everson, Will H. 52, 45, Evison, Samuel Herbert 43, 238, 362, Enjoyment and Understanding of National 364, 369, 372, 373, 432, 558; biog Parks in the United States of America info 472; reminiscences 414; as Provided Through Interpretation writings list 414. by Daniel B. Beard 503. Evolution of Steel Traps by N. Drahos The Epic of New Bedford by W. M. Emery 108. 80. Evolution of the Axe by Carl P. Russell The Epidemic of 1830-1833 in California preparation 2. and Oregon by S. F. Cook 61. The Evolution of the Colt, from the Epidemics 61. Year 1836 52, Erickson, Abent 363. The Evolution of the Steel Wolf Trap in Ermatinger, Francis 288. North America by S. P. Young 108. Ermine pelts, value 45. Ewers, John Canfield 2, 6, 8, 9, 16, 28, Ernst, Emil F. 52; biog info 413; obit 30, 31, 32, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 413, 567; writings bibl 413, 52, 62, 73, 122, 166, 197, 201, 204, Erskine, Donald J. 366. 207, 261, 270, 272, 273, 277, 280, Erwin, James 19, 20. 284, 328, 329, 338, 369, 372; biog Erwin Brothers 127, info 414; writings, comments 414. Escalante, Silvestre Velez de biog info Ewhouse, Sewell 108. 512; routes of travel 148. Ewing, Charles W. port 315, Escudero, Jose Augustin 286. Ewing, Frank Bagley obit 414; reminis Establishing a Uniform System of U.S. cences 414. Cannon Models, 1818 246. Ewing, George W. 33, 312, 313, 370; port Europe influence on Indians 255, 315, European Trade Articles as Chronological Ewing, William G, 312, 313, 370; port Indicators by G. I. Quimby 57, 315, European Trade Material from the Kansa Ewing Fur Co. 312. Monument Site by Carlyle S. Smith Ewing Papers notes from 312. 28. The Ewings vs. the American Fur Company, Eustachy, Robert A. 8, 9, 165, 1835-1843 by Carl P. Russell 314, Evans, Clifford 271, 370, Evans, J.0.V. 414.

(64) INDEX

Excavating the Site of Old Fort Ridgely Exploration of the Sierra Nevada by G. H. Smith 85, by F. P. Farquhar 99, Excavation at Fort Michilimackinac, 1959 Exploratory Excavations at Fort Vancouver Season by M. S. Maxwell, correspon by Louis R. Caywood 530, dence concerning 28. Explosives fulminating mercury, making Excavations 28, 287, 294; archeological 248. 16, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 94, Extermination of Buffalo by R. Gulick 49. 99, 100, 102, 103, 105; Bent's Old Extracts from Corrrpendio de Historia Del Fort 373; bibl info 37, 43; Big Estado De Sonora by Eduardo W. Villa Hawk Valley 507; Chateau de Ramezay 309, 276; Columbia Basin 28; Fatherland Eyre , Edward E. 302. Archeological Site 270, 27~, 274; Fort Okanogan 280; Fort Ridgely 85; Fort Spokane 273, 275, 524; Fort Vancouver 41, 273, 292, 529, 530; Fort Walla Walla 273, 280; French F sites 16, 18; Galisteo Basin 507; Henry's fort 281; Jamestown 287, 373; Kansa village 38; Kansas Monument site 31; Missouri Basin 28, 37; Missouri Basin, budget 28; Fabian, Harold P. 5, 367, Monticello reservoir 28; Pawnee Factories (specific names of) x Forts. village 38; Peachtree site 43; Factory system 280, 282; abolition 280; Phillips Ranch site 282; river basin bibl info 281; diagram of buildin·gs 29; Saganaga Lake 50; St. Mary's, Mt. 520; procedures 280. 50; Southwest, abstract 507; Spokane Fagerlund, Gunnar 0. 499. House 273, 425; Table Rock reservoir Fahrenwald, F. A. 52, 28; techniques and methods 287; Fairbanks, Charles H. 28. Troy 507; Tule Spring, Nv. 507; Fallen Leaf Lodge (Ca.) 369; photo 370, underwater 28, 50; Wells Archeologi Falling Leaf, the Princess, Most Beautiful cal Salvage Project 87; Whetstone Daughter of the Sioux by G. o. Houser Indian Agency 293, 62. Excavations at Site 35-WS-5 on the Family of Beavers by E.T. Seton 134. Columbia River, Oregon 64. Famous Gunfighters I Knew by R. J. Scates Excavations at Spokane House - Fort Spokane 127. Historic Site, 1962-63 by The Ear West Realm of the Mountain Man John D. Combes 524. 148, 195, Excavations at Two Fort Okanogan Sites, Farewell Peacemaker by H. Stilwell 55, 1952 by Louis R. Caywood 519. Farmer (muskets) 1746 x Muskets Hudson's Excavations at Tumacacori by Bay Co. P. Beaubien 100. Farmland Trapping by J, Cameron 108. Excavations at Tutter's Neck by Farnham, C.H. 28. I. N. Hume 57. Farnham, Russell 278, 280, 282. Exeter, Richard 286. Farnham, Thomas Jefferson 285, 286. Expeditions xx specific name of leaders. Farquhar, Francis P. 70, 73, 74, 99, 362, Expeditions French, leaders list 293, 374, 394, 416, 422, 533, 559, 560; biog info 415; port 70.

(65) INDEX

Farquhar, Samuel T. 560, 561. Fire steels 265, 268; illus 209, 259, Farriers 58. 264, 265, 268. Farris, E. M. 5, 236, Firearms xx specific names of firearms. Father Jogues and Indian Captors illus Firearms 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 259, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, Father to Six Nations by F. Russell 63. 52, 53, 54, 55, 113, 127, 157, 158, Favorite Guns of the Western Pioneers 165, 169, 234, 235, 247, 248, 249, by J. E. Serven 55, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 291, 520; Feathers illus 270; Ostrich 270; accidents 251; accidents, types 252; Ostrich, trade 270, air guns 52, 53, 127, 328, 329, 349; Fechner, Robert memorials 415. air guns illus 52; anesthetizing Fee, Norman 34. 52; antique 52, 54; Astorians 1 list Feltcan, Augustin 45. 292; barrels 157; bibl info 9, 16, Fenner, Mildred Sandison 71, 18, 24, 43, 52, 249, 291, 319; bibl Fenton, William N. 43, 316; biog info 127, 174; bibl annotated 113, 125; 415. bore sizes 253; calibers 248; Ferguson, Patrick biog info 234; port catalogs 127; collecting 52; 234. collections 8; collectors 127, 248; Ferguson, T. C. 2. contracts 248; costs list 252; Ferries 48; San Francisco 300. disposition 248; Dutch 255; fire Ferris, Warren Angus 159, 279, 280, 281, lock 253; forgeries 252; fragments 282, 283, 288; itinerary 282. 18, 26; fragments illus 25, 196; Fessenden, Robert E. 33, fragments, Whitman 17; French 10, Feth, John H. 93. 17, 21, 251, 252; fuke, word origin Field, M. C, 73, 14; graphs, comparative 127; gun Field Ecology at Nevada 1s Lake Tahoe parts 10; gun parts illus 10; State Park proposed 574. gunsmith, tools 24; Hall Rifle Works Fifty Oklahoma Historical Markers 16; Harold Club Collection 12; hist Completed, 1949 363. 319; Hudson's Bay Co. 16; Hudson's Fifty Years on the Saskatchewan by Bay fuke 13; illus 55, 127, 141, 157, R. Jefferson 99, 158; imported lists 253; Indian 6, Fighting Doctors of the Frontier by 319; Indians, California 306; Indian, R. Dunlop 70, trade 8; Iroquois Indian 255; Lake Files 31, 264, 330; illus 264; iron Pebin 9; Lewis & Clark Exped 16, illus 28; Lewis & Clark Exped illus 18, 330; Lewis & Clark Exped illus 349, 196; Lewis & Clark Exped photo 328; Filson, John 70; port 70. loading techniques, patching 266; Filter Fury 273, locations 253; machine guns 246; The Final Century of the Wampum Industry machine guns, types 246; mfgs 54, by F, A. Westervelt 63, 127, 249, 254; mfgs, arquebusier 253; Final Report, Fort Vancouver Excavations mfgs, Billinghurst 9; manuals 248; by Louis R. Caywood 529, markings 21, 291; military 248; Fink, Mike 262. military bibl info 248; monograph, Finlay, Jaco 282. proposed 12; Murray 25; museums 52; Fire·making bibl info 265; tools 265, ordnance terminology 8; parts 10, 268; tools illus 209, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 24, 52, 87, 127, 254; parts, catalog 127;

(66) INDEX

Firearms (cont) parts illus 9, 21, 22, Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain 24, 54, 127, 181, 251, 253; parts, Men by Carl P. Russell acknowledge nomenclature 181; parts, used 252; ments, manuscript 194; appendices, percussion, conversion from flintlock deleted 215, 226; Appendix A 225; 247, 248; percussion, conversion from Appendix A manuscripts 211; flintlock illus 247; performance Appendix B 225; Appendix B manu 10, 191, 196, 247, 251; personal scripts 212; Appendix C 225; weapons of traders 248, 253; personal Appendix C illus 213; Appendix D weapons of traders, locations 253; 225; Appendix D manuscripts 214; plates illus 28, 43; production award by New York Westerners, 1967 248; proof marks 24, 251; proof marks photo 469; Bibl 225; Bibl manu illus 251; revolving 254; S & S script 216; Chapter 1 illus 195, 127; shotguns 251; shotguns, revol 582; Chapter 1 manuscripts 195, ving, Collier 254; shotguns, revol 222; Chapter 1, resource materials ving, Collier illus 254; slides 195; Chapter 2, correspondence 197; 358; spalls 26; Spanish 254; stocks Chapter 2 illus 196; Chapter 2 248; stocks, finishing 249; swivel manuscripts 196, 222; Chapter 3, guns x Cannon swivel guns; tools correspondence 201; Chapter 3 illus 127; tools, catalogs 127; tools 202; Chapter 3 illus list 202; illus 127; trade 9, 10, 236, 253, Chapter 3 manuscripts 199, 200, 223; 254, 265; trade, Belgian 17; trade, Chapter 3, outline 200; Chapter 4, Bond 8; trade, Bond illus 8; trade, correspondence 204; Chapter 4 illus characteristics 6; trade, description 203, 205, 582; Chapter 4 illus li9t 8; trade, French 18, 252; trade, 203, 205; Chapter 4 manuscripts Lancaster 7; trade, Lancaster illus 203, 223; Chapter 5 224; Chapter 5 7; trade, makers 6, 8; trade, prices illus 206, 208; Chapter 5 illus 253; trade, repositories list 236; list 206, 208; Chapter 5 manuscripts traded to Indians by Lewis & Clark 206, 208; Chapter 6 224; Chapter 6, 350; unknown type photo 329; use correspondence 209; Chapter 6 illus 251; use by Indians 235; used by the 209; Chapter 6 illus list 209; Nez Perce Indians 349; wall pieces Chapter 6 manuscripts 209; Chapter 7, wheel-locks illus 127; x-ray correspondence 210; Chapter 7 illus investigation 368, 210; Chapter 7 illus list 210; The Firearms Collection of A. M. (Bob) Chapter 7 manuscripts 210, 225; AUan 127, contents, summary 190; correspon Firearms in American History 127, dehce 25, 190, 191, 192, 194, 207; Firearms of the Fur Brigades x Guns on correspondence, Kelleher 190; criti the Early Frontiers by cism 191; Dedication manuscripts Carl P. Russell preparation. 194; illus, captions manuscripts Firearms, Traps, and Tools of the Mountain 226; illus list 198; illus, prepara Men xx Fur Trade Project publications. tion 191, 198; illus, proposed 190; Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain Index manuscripts 217; Preface Men by Carl P. Russell 191, 192, 193, manuscripts 193, 222; Preface, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, resource materials 193; preliminary 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, preparations 192; preparation 31, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 191; preparation, Axe chapter, criti 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, cism 45; preparation, schedule 191; 223, 224, 225, 226;

(67) INDEX

Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain Fitzpatrick, Thomas (Broken Hand) 36, Men by Carl P. Russell proofs 218, 42, 70, 146, 276, 277, 280, 281, 219, 220; proposed 190; publishing, 283, 286, 288; discovery of South arrangements 191; publishing, possi Pass 42; port 151, bilities 190, 191; review copies, Five Tribes of the Upper Missouri by recipients, addresses list 191; E. C. Denig review 64. royalties 190; table of contents, Flaconer (London firm) 43, manuscripts 222; title page, manu Fladmark, Elmer N. obit 415, scripts 222; traps cited, repositories Flagg, Edmund 285, list 201. Flags 127, 265; catalogs 127; Fremont's Firearms, Traps and Tools of the Mountain illus 265; illus 127; Lewis & Clark Men; a guide in picture and text to Exped 349, the equipment of the trappers and Flandrau, Grace 94. fur traders who opened the Old West Flannagan, Roy C, 107. from the 1820's to the 1840's by Flatboats x Boats barges. Carl P. Russell. New York: Alfred A. Flathead Indians 3, 30, 159, 277, 281, Knopf, Inc., 1967. xv, 448p., 283; domestic life 159; games 159; published copy 221. illus 30. The Firefall, Explanation and History Flathead Lake, Mt. slide 360. 558. Fleet (Colonial Fur trader) 36. Firelock x Firearms firelock. Fletcher, Robert H, 190, Fire-making 57; illus 263; lenses 263; Flett, John B. biog info 369. matches 263. Flickinger, B. Floyd 362, Fires forest 265; prairie 265, Flint caps x Flints caps. The First Breech-loading Rifle by Flint gun x Flintlocks, J, W. dePeyster 54. Flint packing x Flints caps. First Man Across the Continent by Flint-leaders 178; illus 178, M. M. Hunt 72, Flintlock in America 252. The First National Park Rangers by Flintlocks 5, 8, 37, 158, 247, 248, 251, J. W. Henneberger 369. 319; Brown Bess illus 141; conver First Painters of the West 75, sion to percussion 141; Dutch 43; First Press Agent 73, found in Hoback river 15, 368; First Tin Can by L. Poole 265. found in Hoback river illus 14; First Wagon Trains, 1830 illus 155, found in Hoback river, x-ray examina The First Western Author by D. Gordon 73, tion 375; French 25; French illus Fischman, Walter Ian 66. 254; illus 5, 9, 54,·127, 141, 142, Fish, Carl Russell 287, 158, 247, 251; markings illus 141; Fish ducks recipe 128 Ml803-1814 248; Ml817 248; Ml81:, Fishburn, Eleanor C. 71, contracts 248; origin 253; perfor Fisher 109, 128; illus 109, 128; skins, mance 249; Powell of Dublin, production 261. revolving illus 254; Prescott 8; Fishhooks copper illus 265. repeating 54; 17th century 43; Fishing Bridge Museum x Yellowstone slides 360; Spanish 25; terminology National Park Fishing Bridge Museum. 252; use 253; velocity tests 24. Fishing Lewis & Clark Exped 330, Flintlocks of the Iroquois 1620-168? by J. R. Mayer 54.

(68) INDEX

Flints 5, 10, 21, 57, 251, 252, 319; Forrest, James T. 82. caps 7, 8, 16, 248; caps illus 8, Forster, Juan 79, 141, 248; caps, production 2~8; caps, Forsyth, Thomas 45, 288. use illus 248; carbine 5; con Fort Atkinson on the Council Bluffs by tainers illus 252; French 5, ~07; Sally A. Johnson and Marvin F. Kivett gun, or1g1n 31; horse pistol 5; 341. illus 5, 57, 142, 178, 252, 259; Fort Boise illus 153, knapper 5; long dcones 5; muskets Fort Bowie, Ar. historical report 512. 5; pocket pistol 5; rifles 5; Fort Bowie and Apache Pass by Russian illus 7; singles 5, H. E. Kahler 54. Florida 98; state parks 501, Fort Bridger illus 153, Florida Development by Tom Wallace 490, Fort Bridger Becomes an Army Post by Florida Everglades x Everglades (Fl,), R, S. Ellison 82. The Florida Historical Society by Fort Buchanan photo 153, W. Marchman 98. Fort Casper photo 153, Floyd, Charles 327, 330; grave 323; Fort Clark illus 153, journal 343. Fort Clatsop and Other Structures with Floyd, John 42, 282; port 151, which William Clark was Concerned: Floyd Monument, SD. 325, Construction, Interior Features, Focile x Fusil. Furnishings, Reconstruction by Foley's Yosemite Souvenir and Guide Carl P. Russell 330. by D. J, Foley 438. Fort Clatsop Dedication Held Despite Following the Trail of Lewis and Clark Rainstorm 332. by Ralph Gray 341. Fort Clatsop Memorial Dedicated at Fond du Lac illus 153, Astoria 332, Fontenelle, Lucien 42, 276, 288; at Fort Clatsop Memorial Opens as National Green River 42. Park 332 Fontenelle Forest, Nb. 513, Fort Clatsop National Memorial dedication Food x Mountain men diet, ceremony 331, 332. Food for the Palette by C, Jakobsen illus Fort Clatsop National Memorial, Oregon by 50. the National Park Service 329, Fooferraw 271; bibl info 265, Fort Clatsop Project xx Lewis & Clark Fooferraw by Carl P. Russell 242. Project. Footnote to a Neckpiece by V. Boesen 108. Fort Clatsop Project 328, 329, 334, 348; For Close-Combat Work 66. canoe, Lewis & Clark 329; contract For Sunday Best 66. 328; correspondence 328; exhibit Forbes, Robert H. 58. plan 339; exhibit plan, manuscript Ford, Henry 92; port 92, 336; exhibits, cost 372; manuscript Fordyce, John R. 76, 339, 340; museum prospectus, manu Forest Service x National Forest Service, script 337, 338; preliminary exhibit Foresta Institute for Ocean and Mountain 336; report 328; report, manuscript Studies 375, 330, 335; site acquisition 329; Forester, Frank x Herbert, Henry W, source material 328. Forests Germany 508. Fort Clatsop Remodeling Near Completion Forge blacksmith's illus 210. 330. Formation of National Park Service, 1913- Fort Davis, Tx. report 511. 1929 502.

(69) INDEX

Fort Davy Crockett, Its Fur Men and Fort Randall Reservoir 64. Visitors by LeRoy R. Hafen 363, Fort Recovery by I. H. Frazier 85, Fort de Chartres, Il. 547, Fort Ross State Historical Monument Fort de la Boulaye, La. 546. (Cazadero, Ca.) 363. Fort Frederica and the Battle of Bloody Fort St, Frederic, NY. 546. Marsh by M. D, Cate 82, Fort Snelling State Park 86. Fort Hill at Viator, New York by Fort Steilacoom illus 153, D. M. Barber 45, Fort Toulouse, Al. 546. Fort Keogh photo 153, Fort Union by C. Bodmer illus 86, 153. Fort Laramie by A. J, Miller illus 153, Fort Union and Distribution of Goods to Fort Laramie and the Forty-Niners by the Assiniboin by J. Stanley 86. M. J, Mattes 84. Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail Fort Laramie Centennial: 1849-1949 R. M. Utley 86. by M. J, Mattes 84. Fort Union, Its Role in the Upper Fort Laramie, Guardian of the Oregon Trail Missouri Fur Trade by R.H. Mattison by M. J, Mattes 84. 86. Fort Laramie National Monument, Wy, 110, Fort Union, National Monument, New Mexico 517. by R. M. Utley 86, Fort Laramie on Sublette's Fork Near the Fort Vancouver exhibits, planning 369. Nebraska or Platte River by Fort Vancouver - A Great Fur Trade Region A. J, Miller illus 72, Had Its Day 280. Fort Laramie or Sublette's Fort Fort Vancouver National Monument 110. by A. J, Miller illus 153, Fort Walla Walla illus 153, Fort Laramie to Fort Leavenworth via Fort Wayne Historical Society 81. Republican River in 1849 by Fort Wayne, In. 312. Capt. L. C, Easton 84. Fort Wayne in the Canal Era by Fort McDowell photo 153, W. Richardson 81. Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Fort Winnebago, Wisconsin illus 153, Shrine 518. Fortier, James J, A. 74, 91, Fort Manuel illus 153, A 40th Anniversary by Carl P. Russell Fort Marion and Fort Matanzas National 568. Monuments 518, Forts 82, 269, 273, 274, 280, 281, 282, Fort Mitchell, Scotts Bluff, Nebraska 296, 531; Abraham.Lincoln 109; Territory by M. J, Mattes 84. Abraham Lincoln illus 109; Albany Fort Necessity National Battlefield Site, 281; Alexander 282; Armstrong 269; Pa, 518. Assiniboine 282; Astoria illus 210; Fort Nisqually illus 153, Atkinson 269, 282, 509; Augustus 82; Fort Osage 166. Beausejour illus 87; Belle Fontaine Fort Osage illus 153, 189. 269, 279, 280; Belle Fontaine illus Fort Osage Project 520. 520; Benton xx Forts Manuel; Benton Fort Pierce illus 153, 282; Benton hist 282; Bent's 82, Fort Pierre illus 153, 110, 279; Bent's illus 82, 153; Fort Point, 1869 photo 153, Berthold 137, 280; Beversrede 255; Fort Pulaski National Monument, Ga. 521. bibl info 43, 269, 280; Boise 36, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, NC. 265, 277, 280, 282, 288; Boise illus 522. 153; Bonneville 280, 288; Bonneville marker 153; Bowie 54, 513;

(70) INDEX

Forts (cont) Brady 280; Brandon House Forts (cont) Hawkins, description 83; 282; Bridger 82, 280; Bridger, des Hawkins illus 83; Hawkins, recon cription 280; Bridger hist 82; struction 83; Henry 42, 83, 281, Bridger illus 82, 153; Buchanan, 282; Howard 269; Hudson I s Bay Co. 1 s marker 153; Buford 32, 282; Calhoun 37; illus 153, 179, 198, 209, 280; x Forts Atkinson; Canby 82; Carlton Indian 265; Jasper's House 282; House 282; Casimir 255; Casper Jefferson Barracks 269; Jesup 269; illus 153; Cass 282; Chambly S7; John 37, 42, 84, 99; Johnson 272; Charles illus 280; Christina 281, Jones 21, 24; Kalispel House x 282; Churchill 24; Churchill hist Kullyspell House; Kaskaskia 269; 21; Churchill, officers 24; Clair Keogh 291; Keogh illus 153; Knox borne 269; Clark illus 153; 269; Kootenai House 281; Kullyspell Clatsop xx Fort Clatsop Project; House 282; Lancaster 280; Lane Clatsop 37, 328, 329, 330, 335, 340, 21; Laramie 24, 26, 37, 42, 81, 84, 342; Clatsop, construction 330, 335; 110, 153, 252, 280, 288, 517; Clatsop, furnishings 330, 335; Laramie, daily life 84; Laramie, Clatsop illus 153; Clatsop, interior description 81, 84; Laramie hist features 330; Clatsop, reconstruc 81, 84, 280; Laramie illus 84, 153; tion 330; Clatsop, reconstruction, Leavenworth 84, 269, 280, 282; diagram 331; Clatsop, reconstruction Leavenworth hist 269; Leavenworth photo 330; Clatsop, replica recon illus 84; Lennox 87; Lisa 282; struction 329; Clinton 87; Clinton Lisa, historical marker 363; list, hist 87; Coffee 269; Coffee hist alphabetical 269; Loisell 282; 269; Columbia 327, 329; Colville Lookout 42; Lupton xx Forts 56, 277, 280, 282; Constitution 87; Lancaster; Lupton 280; McDowell construction, methods 280, 369; illus 153; McHenry 282, 518; construction, methods illus 153, McKenzie 282; Mackinac x Forts 280; Crawford 269, 280 ,' 342; Michilimackinac; Madison 269; Madison Crittenden photo 153; Cumberland hist 269; making 265; Mandan 269, House 282; daily life illus 147; 282, 323; Mandan, construction illus Crook 21, 24; Dalles 82; Dalles, 330; Manuel 269, 280, 282; Marion description 82; Dalles photo 325; 82, 518; Marion illus 82; Massac Davis 269, 511; Davis, report 511; 269; Matanzas 87, 518; Matanzas Davy Crockett 263, 280, 363; hist 87; Matanzas illus 87; Meductic Dearborn 269; DePrairie 282; Des 4; Michilimackinac 16, 28, 43, 45, Moines 269; Detroit 269; Dilt 137; 57, 67, 264, 267, 268, 269, 282; distribution 269; Edmonton 82; Michilimackinac photo 153; military Elfsborg 282; establishment, order 282; military, distribution illus list 269; factories at 85; Flathead 269; military list 269; Missouri House 280; Fond du Lac 280; River list 282; Mitchell 84; Frederica 82; Garry 280; George xx Montgomery 87; Montgomery hist 87; Forts Vancouver; George (Astoria) Montgomery illus 87; Mortimer 282; 279, 282; Gibson 83, 269, 281; Gibson Nassau 255, 282; Necessity 87, 252, illus 83; Good Hope 255; Gothenborg 518; Nez Perce x Forts Walla Walla; 282; Greenville illus 85; Hale 109; Niagara 85; Nisqually 85, 265, 280, Hale illus 109; Hall 83, 274, 277, 282, 291; Nisqually illus 153; 280, 282; Harmer 272;

( 71) INDEX

Forts (cont) Nogales 282; Nonsense x Forts (cont) Vancouver illus 9, 210; Forts Bonneville; Norway House 282, Victoria 281, 282; Walla Walla 19, 288; Okanogan 280, 282, 283, 519; 28, 36, 37, 86, 277, 280, 282; Orange 255, 316; Orleans 282; Osage Walla Walla, description 86; Walla 42, 85, 110, 166, 269, 279, 280, 282, Walla illus 153; Washita 280; 329, 343, 350, 520; Osage, descrip Wayne 81, 86, 94, 148, 267, 269, tion 8; Osage, furs taken in, 1808- 278, 287, 313; Wayne illus 86; 1810 list and prices 520; Osage, Wellington 87; William 42, 81, 84, ground plans 520; Osage hist 269; 277, 282, 288; Winnebago 269, 280; Osage illus 153, 166, 189, 269, Winnebago illus 153; Wintey x 520; Osage, restoration 280; Pembina Forts Uintah (or Wintey); York 87, 280; Petite 313; Pickering 282; 281; York Factory 288; Yukon 87; Piegan 282; Pierce illus 153; Yukon illus 87, Pierre 280, 282; Pierre illus 153; Fortunate Camp, Mt. 323. Pitt 269, 272; Point 367; Point 49ers: Not His Cup of Tea by M. Robbins illus 153; Pulaski 521; Raymond 72, 281; reconstruction 520; Recovery Forward: The Ira J. Willis Guide to the 85; Recovery hist 85; Recovery Gold Mines by Carl P. Russell 570. illus 85; Reding 21; Rice 109; Rice Fossils 364, 507; Southwest, abs 507. illus 109; Ridgely 85; Ridgely Founding Fort Yukon by C. Wilson 87, illus 85; Robidoux x Forts Uintah Foundries 24, Washington Navy Yard 248. (or Wintey); Ross 79, 85, 110, 280, Fountain of Youth 81; illus 81. 282, 300; Ross, Commandant's House 4 Missouri Dams Speed Basin Plan by 363; Ross illus 85; Rupert 281; Seth S. King 92. St, Joseph 271, 274, 280, 313, 523; The Four Seasons in Yosemite National Saleesh House 281, 282; San Fernando Park: A Photographic Story of 282; Sanders illus 146; Sanford Yosemite's Spectacular Scenery by 269; Sarpy 282; Shelby (Prairie du Ansel Adams and Stanley Plumb 536. Chien) 269, 280; Shelby (Prairie du Four-Bit Piece of Spanish Silver Found Chien) illus 280; Simpson 276; at Old Rock House 51, Smith 269; Snelling 86, 269, 280, Fox, Florence C, 95, 284, 299; Snelling illus 86; Fox 128; illus 128, 265; skins 299; Snelling, restoration illus 280; skins, production 261. Spanish 282; Spokan 264, 274, 280, Fox (rifle ornament) x Sitting fox (rifle 524; Spokan House 4, 41, 167, 267, ornament). 282, 524; Steilacoom illus 153; Fox Indians 32, 57, 269, 281. Stevenson 86; Stevenson illus 86; Fraeb, Henry 282, 283, 288, Sublette 1 s x Forts Laramie; Sutter Franchere, Gabriel 33, 278, 280, 282, 280; temporary 265; Ticonderoga 2, 285; bibl info 278; biog info 33, 86, 132; Ticonderoga hist 86; 241, 280; family 33; port 151, 210. Ticonderoga illus 86; Towson 269; Franchere Sickened at the Sight by Uintah (or Wintey) 37, 85, 280; William Macy illus 241. Uintah (or Wintey) illus 85, 282, Francis, W. S. 15. 283; Union 21, 32, 43, 86, 110, 274, Francis Slocum trail 313. 278, 280, 282; Union illus 86, 143, Frangois Matthes and the Marks of Time by 209; Vancouver 28, 37, 41, 110, 275, F. Fryxell criticism 72; Forward by 280, 282, 312, 529, 530; Carl P. Russell, manuscripts 568; Carl P. Russell review 568.

(72) INDEX

Frangois Preparing Supper by A. J. Miller Fridlez, Russell W. 328. illus 145. Friend, W. A. 559, Franke, Paul R. 243, 363, 539; biog 376, Friends of the Western Mountains 362. 415. Fries, Gene E. 26. Frankenstein, Alfred 68, 72, 207. Frink, Maurice 18. Franklin, Benjamin 80. Fritschel, Herbert Ernest 416. Frankovich, Nan C. obit 9, Fritz, Emanuel biog info 416; port 416. Fraser, Colin 266, 267. From Santa Fe to California map 148. Fraser, Henry 267. From the Big Lake to the Sea map 148. Fraser, Simon 280, 282. From Tobacco Land: A Pardonable Wheeze Frazier, I, H, 85. by R. Sullivan and A. Sederberg 107, Fred Hohler and His Collection by Frontier Firearms by C. Thomas 55, W. H. Everson 52. Frontier Life in Lake Superior Region The Frederic Remington Studio Collection by W. H. Steele 92, 73, Frontier Traders and Their Tokens by The Frederick Family Memorial Plaque P. W. Whiteley 51, photo 85. Frontiers 287, 322; bibl info 287; Frederick Law Olmsted and the Western theory, criticism 287, Texas Free-Soil Movement by Frost-bite treatment 128. L. W. Roper 72, Fruge, August 42, 160, 165, 561. Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Fry, Walter, Sr. 371, 506; caricature National Military Park, Va. 512. 498; obit 416; port 475, Free Grass to Fences by R.H. Fletcher, Fryxell, Fritiof Melvin 72, 275, 276, advertisement 190, 371, 433, 449; biog info 417; port Free trappers x Trappers free. 417; "remarks on reaching 50 11 417. Freeland, Beatrice B. 26. Fryxell, John Birger obit 417. Freeland, Dixon E. 147; por\ 415, Fuels 265. Fremont, John Charles xx Cannon howitzer, Fuke x Fusil. Fremont's. Functions and Methods in Park Museum Work Fremont, John Charles 8, 36, 70, 79, 233, chart 504, 265, 281, 283, 285, 286, 306, 579; Fur and the Public Domain by E. R. Hall port 151, 283; report, excerpts 13; 56. travel route 245, 281. The Fur Brigades in the Yellowstone Fremont Exped, 21, 245. by Carl P. Russell 241. Fremont House, Ca. 305; photo 579, Fur Dressing and Dyeing 56. The Fremont Howitzer at Pyramid Lake after Fur press 299; bibl info 265, 321; Preuss photo 245. illus 143, 200, 202, 265; screw 238; Fremont Shrine on Wrong Peak, Says Noted screw illus 200; wedge 238; wedge Expert by R. West 70. illus 200, 238. Fremont's Cannon by Carl P. Russell 233. The Fur Press in the Trading Post by French Houses of the Illinois Country Carl P, Russell 321. by C, E, Peterson 88. The Fur Press in the Trading Post by A Frenchman's View of Little Turtle 63. W. Macy illus 238, Frenzeny, Paul 75; paintings illus 75, Fur Rendezvous Sites, 1824-1839 maps Frenzeny and Tavernier by R, Taft 75, 102. Freret, C. S. 91, Freundsen, Peter 468.

(73) INDEX

Fur trade 46, 56, 108, 109, 123, 124, The Fur Trade by William Everhart, 125, 128, 159, 235, 243, 244, 253, comments 369. 255, 257, 258, 268, 280, 281, 282, The Fur Trade by Paul Chrisler Phillips 283, 287, 288, 321, 516, 520, 534; Merrill J, Mattes review 370; American, map 148; beginnings 109; Carl P. Russell review 237, bibl info 42, 43, 190, 255, 265, Fur Trade and Traders in Cotorado and 278, 279, 282, 287, 312, 315, 316, North West Pacific States by 368, 520; bibl 42, 110, 169; bibl W.W. Thomas 56, annotated 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, Fur Trade and Traders in Nebraska 255; British 255, 279, 281; British, by W.W. Thomas 56. map 148; British vs French 279; The Fur Trade & WestuJard Expansion Canadian 279, 282; cannons 319; by Carl P. Russell 237, coastal 109; company rivalries 370; Fur Trade History 160. competition 263, 279, 282, 299; Fur trade history picture books (proposed) competition with British, map 582; by Carl P, Russell 6, 20, 42, 43, deaths list 111; decline 299; 160, 161, 162, 163, 232, 237, 238, development, map 534; Dutch 255, 321; completion proposal 160; 279, 281, 291; Dutch, in New York contents 163, 238; correspondence 316; economics 287; evolution 109; 238; cost 160, 321; editorial exhibits 367; financing 312, 313, suggestions 232; illus 321; illus 354; French 255, 280, 283, 291; cost 232; illus list 321; illus French, in New York 316; gifts 265; preparation 238; illus sources Great Lakes 109, 280; Hawaiians 281; 321; illus specifications for artists historical markers x Historical 256; objects considered list 190; markers fur trade; hist 111, 258, people and places 190; permissions 265, 279, 280, 287, 370; Hudson River 162; preliminary preparations 160, 111; illustrators bibl 375; 161, 163; preliminary preparations, Indiana 312, 313, 314; Indiana, map summary 190; prospectus 227, 232; 315; inter-tribal 255; Lewis & Clark publication xx Firearms~ Traps and Exped 330; major companies, areas Toots of the Mountain Men by 282; fur trade, maps 360, 582; Carl P. Russell; publication 321; maritime 110; Mexico 111, 283; publication, possibilities 238; monopolies 111; New England 109; royalty 321. Northwest 110: Ohio Valley 109; Fur Trade History Tatk by Carl P, Russell posts list 368; relations, military 242. 269; reports 111; robberies list Fur trade motion picture xx Fur trade 111; routes 283; Russian 281, 282; trapping, 16mm film, St. Louis 282; Seneca Indians 316; Fur Trade Motion Picture (proposed) by slides list 237; Southwest 110, Carl P. Russell outline and descrip 282; Spanish 281, 282; Swedish 281, tion 237, 282; trapping, 16mm film 359; traps Fur Trade Museum x Grand Teton National 319; traveling exhibit plans 43; Park Moose Visitor Center. Upper Missouri 109; Virginia 28, 43, Fur Trade Project xx Beaver and Fur Trade 109; warehouses 322; West 109; Project. Wyoming 109. Fur Trade Project manuscripts 319, The Fur Trade 110.

(74) INDEX

Fur Trade Research Center advisory board list 20l. The Fur Trade and the Indian by L, 0, Saum, criticism 110. Fur traders Indiana list 312, 313; G independent 312, 313; list 227, Fur Traders and Trappers of the Old West by M. J, Mattes 109, Fur Traders Camp at Pierre's Hole illus 153. Gabriel Franchere by Carl P. Russell Fur Traders Descending the Missouri River 33, 241. by G, C. Bingham illus 68. Gage, Thomas 276. Fur Traders of Northern Indiana, 1796- Gagnier Murder During Winnebago Visiting 1850 by Bert Anson 312. of 1827 280, Fur Traders Rendezvous, Green River, 1837 Gaines, Earl port 81. by A. J, Miller illus 72, Gaines, Edmund Pendleton 269. Furbearers 108. Gale, Bennett T. 15, 328, 329, 346, Furey, John 312. 369; photo 331. Furnaces 57; blast x Furnaces iron; Gale, Joseph 36. iron 153; iron illus 153, Galen Clark, Yosemite Guardian by Furnishings 103; historical 329. Shirley Sargent Carl P. Russell Furniss, F. H. 271. comment 374; Forward by Furniture 103; Fort Osage 85, Carl P. Russell 568. I. Furs 27, 56, 108, 109, 111; bibl info Galey, Ellen 560. 56; farming 128; grading bibl info Gallatin, Abraham Alfonse Albert 49, 70, I 265; illus 56, 143; inventory 56; 280, 285; port 70, 148, 151. list 255; sale of 131; ,trade 30, Gallatin, E. L. 269. 45; trading illus 143; transporta Gallatin Valley, Mt. 323. tion 135; transportation illus 143, Galleys x Boats galleys 145; use at Jamestown 43; value 45, Gallison, Art biog info 418. 56, 111, 214; value, list 299, 313. Gallison, Glenn D. 563, Furs and Fashion 56, Galusha (author) 35, Furs on the World's Markets 56, Game management xx Wildlife management. Further leaves from the life of Man Who Game management 501. Laid Foundation of Quad-Cities Game Refuge Public Shooting Ground Bill by G, Wickstrom 70, 362. Fusee.(also spelled fuzee) X Fusil. Gant, John 36, 280, 288. Fusil 5, 6, 7, 9, 27, 235, 249, 251, 253; Gant & Blackwell Fur Co. 36, 280, 288. definition 7; Grice, description 8; Garand vs. Springfield 158. Hudson's Bay fuke illus 141; Leman Garces, Father Francisco biog info 512. illus 251; name, derivatiqn 7, 251; Gardens of the Colonists 546. North West 10; Whately 6. Gardiner, John William Tudor 24. Fusiliers 253, Gardner, Johnson 274, 276, 278, 288. Fuzee x Fusil. Gardner, Malcolm 2, 31. Garman, Mrs. Wealthy D. 370, Garoutte, Eudora 79,

(75) INDEX

Garrard, Lewis Hector 285. Gesas, Ralph R. 368. Garrett, Pat 127; port 127, Gettysburg National Military Parle, Pa. Garrison, Lemuel A. 363; biog info 418. 512. Garth, Thomas R. 37, 102, 167. Geysers 447, 532, 552; illus 153, Gass, Patrick 285, 328, 349. Ghent, W. J. 109, 244. Gates of the Mountains (Mt.) 323. Ghost Towns and Relics of '49 by Gatter, George S. port 501. Stockton Chamber of Commerce 300. Gauba, Tony 108; port 108. Giant Trees of Sequoia and Kings Canyon Gemmer, John P, H. 53, 291, National Park by Carl P. Russell General Grant National Park guidebook 568. 523. Gibbons, Allan 41. Gen. Jesse Reno and the Flag by Gibson, Luther E. 372, A. B. Addenbrooke 20; criticism 20. Gifford, Philip 330. General Recapitulation of Furs & Skins ... Gila Wilderness hearings, report 512. in 1840 lll. Gilbert, D. G. 14. General Thomas F. Meagher Suggests Gilbert, Uri 17, 18. Yellowstone Be Reserved 72. Gillam, Harold 48. General Zachary Taylor by J. J. A. Fortier Gillberg, Gosta 63. 74. Gillette, Guy M. 516. Gentleman from Geneva by S. F. Bemis 70. Gilmore, Charles obit 418. Gentlemen on the Frontier by Glacier National Park 512, 573; bibl E. T. Peterson 57, 512. Geographical Memoir upon Upper California Glacier National Park Tourist Survey 512. in Illustration of His Map of Oregon Glass, Alfred 418, 469. and California by J. C. Fremont 79, Glass, Herbert 22. Geography human 473; political 386. Glass, Hugh 280, 283, 288. Geography, Fur Trade of Northern Indians, Glass 50; production hist 50, 265. to 1840 's 148. Glass Trade Beads at Fort Laramie by The Geography of the Mariposa Indian War R. A. Murray 65, by Carl·P. Russell 242,568. Glassmaking illus 50. Geology Southwest abs 507, Glassmaking at Jamestown by J. P. Hudson George Catlin - Friend of the Wilderness 50. by M. Tudury 284. Glen Canyon 386; dam, proposed 387; George Drouillard, Hunter and Interpreter discovery 512; fossil reptiles 507, by M. 0. Skarsten reviewed 70; Glendenning, George 19, Carl P. Russell review 241. Glendenning, Walter 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, George Eastman House 70. 137, George L, Harding 70. Glendive, Mt. 323. George Washington Birthplace National Glirrpses of Army Life in Dakota Territory Monument, Va. 531; report of by H. H. Anderson 80. Carl P. Russell 574, 576, Glimpses of Historical Areas East of the Georgia hist 82. Mississippi River Administered by the Germany forests photo 508; maps 508; National Park Service, 193? 546. hist 574, Glirrpses of the Past 105. Geronimo (Apache Indian) 302, Glorieta Pass Battlefield, MN. report Gervais, Baptiste 282, 288. 512. Gervais, Joseph 280.

(76) INDEX

Glossary of Terms Relating to the Buffalo Graham, Isaac 286. compiled by R. Gulick 49. Graham-Tewksburys Feud 76. Gloux, Oliver x Aimard, Gustave. Grahame, James A. port 87. Gluckman, Arcadi 8, 167; biog info 157; Graining by A. D. Newell 54. port 157. Grand Canyon National Park 474; dams, Godey, Alexander 36, 70, 280, 286. proposed 387, 411; dams, proposed, God's Mountain-Man by A. J. Smith 73. map 501; exploration 512; hist Goethe, Charles Matthias 362, 364, 367, 512; interpretation 371; interpreta 369, 370, 374, 469, 506, 560, 563; tion program, criticism 371; inter biog info 420; European trip illus pretive planning 503; map 512; 506; influence on National Park museum 364; nature notes 512; Service programs 506; port 420, slide 360. Goethe, Mary Glide (Mrs. C. M. Goethe) Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona 370; obit 420. by Carl P. Russell 568. Goggin, John 43. Grand Canyon National Park Nature Trail Golcher, Benned port 250, Labels by Grand Canyon Natural Golcher, James 24, 250, 319, History Assoc. 364. Golcher, John 250, 319, Grand Canyon Travel Survey 512. Golcher, Joseph 250, 319, Grand Coulee Dam, Wa. 512. Golcher, William port 250, Grand Portage 282, 312. Golcher Rifles 250, Grand Portage National Historic Site Gold 77, 79, 80; discovery, California 512. 300; discovery, California bibl info Grand Portage Trading Post, Mn. restora 304; discovery, California illus tion 373. 307; French coin (rubbing) 149, Grand Teton National Park 36, 110, 321, Gold Rush Days in Amador County by 514; Colter Bay Nature Trail illus Mary E. Crosley 301. 510; Colter Bay Visitor Center 364; Golden Dawn in San Francisco; Centennial Colter Bay Visitor Center, exhibits of Firs~ News of Gold Discovery 79, 367; hist 512; history museum, Goldwater, Barry 373. prospectus 512; illus map 521; Gondos, Victor 13. interpretation program, notes 366; Gooch, William 50, Moose Visitor Center 321, 369, 370; Gooding, S, J, (Jim) 28. Moose Visitor Center, exhibits 368; Gordon, Florence Albright 26. Moose Visitor Center, number of Gordon, Harvey 282. visitors 369; mountain climbing 36; Gordon, Lewis H. 53, museum 37; slides 360. Gorgets 45, 270, 272; illus 150, 229, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming by 272; militia 272; origin of term Carl P. Russell 568. 272. Grand Tetons 516; origin of name 515, Goss, Nathaniel Stickney 73; port 73, Grange, Gary 43. Gouges illus 28; stone illus 345. Grange, Roger T., Jr. 31. Goulcher x Golcher, Grant, George photos taken, Kino Missions Government Travel Regulations Made Easy list 296. 375. A Graphic Chronology by U.S. Territorial The Governor's Palace 103. Expansion Memorial Commission 320. Gradick, Laura M. 105, Grashoffer, Father Juan 296.

(77) INDEX

Grater, Russell K. 367, 369, 373, 413; Gregg, H. Raymond 31, 46, 321, 328, biog inf'o 421. 364, 366, 367, 499; biog info 191, Gratiot, Charles H. 269, Gregg, Josiah 70, 284, 285. Grattan massacre 42. Gregg, Kate L. 85, Gravel, Joseph 45. Gregorie, Anne King 62. Graves, C. Edward 362, Greulich, Fred G. 101. Graves, Charles C, 276. Grey, John (Jean) 288. Gray, George 157, Grey Eyes (Arikara Indians) 281. Gray, John S. 75, Grice, William (gun maker) 251. Gray, William H. 36, 280, 288. Griffin, John W. 8, 18, 19, Grays Harbor, Wa. 88. Griffin, Nancy 75, Great American Desert 282, 287, Grimsley, Thornton 281. Great Basin Range National Park Grinnell, George Bird photo 419. proposed 512. Grinnell, Joseph 362, 559; biog info Great Guns 419; obit 419; port 419; works Great Lakes 280; fishing 280; geo bibl 419, chronology 507, Griswold, Gillett 14. Great Lakes Country and the Arrowhead Gros Ventre Indians 159, 262, 263, 281. map 280. Groseilliers, Chouart des, Medard Great Lakes Region map 80. x Chouart des Groseilliers, Medard. Great Northern Railway 75, The Growing Importance of Interpretive Great Seal illus 158, Services in the National Park Service Great Smoky Mountains National Park, - why and what by Daniel B. Beard NC.-Tn. illus 425. 503. Great Smoky Mountains School of Field Guess, George (Sequoyah, Cherokee Indian) Natural History proposed 362. 281. Green, Frederic Israel 6, 10, 11, 12, A Guide Book to Museum Prairie du Chien 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 24, 26, by Helen Hall Peters 342. 74, 233; family hist 13; port 12, Guide Sommaire du Musee D'Armes de Liege 13, 26. by D. Techy 55. Green, Lee 70. Guide to Sequoia and General Grant Green, T. L, 99, National Parks by Ansel F. Hall 523, Green Bay, Wi. 280. A Guide to the Mother Lode Country by Green River and the Trappers' Rendezvous, C. Frank Brockman 301. 1824-1840 map 148, 244. Guild marks x Trade marks. Green River Works x Knives Green River Guilford Courthouse National Military Works. Park, NC. 512. Green Spring Plantation by L. R. Caywood Guillet, Edwin C. 100. 60. Gulick, Robert 49, Greenburg, Daniel W. 82, 102. Gumph, Jacob 249, Greene, Mary L, 247, Gun and Cartridge Record Greenfield, Ma, 80. The Gun Collector's Guide to Famous Greenhow, R. 24. Firearms Museums of the World Greenwood, Caleb 280, 286, 294, by A. Chernoff 52, Greetings x Salutations. Gun Fight in Which Savage Died is Told Gregg, Frank 372, 73,

(78) INDEX

Gun Master by C, N. Hess 53, Guns on the Early Frontiers by Gun of Mystery by F, Sanford Cutler 9, Carl P. Russell (cont) correspondence Gun Tour of Europe announcement 9. gift copies 167; criticism 10, 12, Gun Traders Exchange 127, 165, 168; criticism abs 168; Gundelo x Boats gundelo, criticism, publications list 168; Gunflints x Flints. Dedication 165; editorial sugges Gunmakers for the American Fur Company tions 165; finding list manuscript by J.E. Parsons 54, 181; Frontispiece 189; Glossary of Gunpowder: Who Really Invented It? gun terms manuscript 181; illus by R. Held 52. 165, 166; illus by chapter lists Gun-rests 54; illus 54. 166; illus captions 166; illus Guns x Firearms. list 8, 183; illus preparation Guns and Gunfighters bys. N. Lake 54. 176; illustrators 9; Index 165; Guns Exhibited in Oregon Historical Exhibit Index manuscript 181; jacket essay list 234. manuscript 181; letters of praise Guns of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 9, 10, 16, 43, 165, 167, 168; manu by Ruby El Hult 341; criticism 17, script, fragments 184; names and The Guns of the Lewis and Clark Expedition addresses of research aides 9; by Carl P. Russell 234, Notes manuscript 182; permissions Guns on the Early Frontiers by 167; Preface, criticism 183; Preface Carl P. Russell 21, 25, 171, 172, manuscript 183; preparation 7, 8, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 9, 31, 43; preparation of Acknowledg 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, ments, criticism 9; presentation 188, 189, 328; Acknowledgments manu copy, correspondence 9; proofs 183, scripts 18, 183; author's inscrip 185, 186, 187, 188; publicity 165; tions 167; autographed copy requests publishing arrangements 165; pub 165; Bibl manuscripts 181, 182; lishing contract 165; review copy, Book-Manufacturing Schedule 165; correspondence 9; reviews info Chapter 1 169; Chapter 1 bibl 169; 43; reviewers list 165; sales 165; Chapter 1, criticism 169; Chapter 1 title revisions 165, illus 171; Chapter 1 manuscript Guns on the Early Frontiers; a history 169, 171, 172; Chapter 1 manuscript of firearms from colonial times revisions 171; Chapter 1 outline through the years of the Western fur 172; Chapter 2 illus 174; Chapter 2 trade by Carl P. Russell. Berkeley: illus list 174; Chapter 2 manu University of California Press, 1957, script 173, 174; Chapter 3, editorial xv, 395p,, published copy 180. suggestions 175; Chapter 3 illus The Gunsmith by Henry J. Kauffman 127, 175; Chapter 3 illus list 175; Gunsmiths 7, 17, 25, 26, 52, 53, 127, Chapter 3 manuscript 175; Chapter 4 210; E. Bigelow 1 7; illus 210; list illus 176; Chapter 4 illus list 261; St. Louis list 252; tools 53, 176; Chapter 4 manuscript 176, 177; 54, 127, 292; tools illus 26, 54, Chapter 5 illus 178; Chapter 5 127, 210; William Golcher 17, manuscript 178; Chapter 6 illus Gunsmithing 251, 330, 179; Chapter 6 illus list 179; Gunther, E. 328. Chapter 6 manuscript 179; corre Gunworms 28, 248; illus 252. , spondence 165, 167, 168;

(79) INDEX

Gustavus Sohon's Portraits of Flathead Hall, Roger 422, and Pend d'0reille Indians, 1854 The Hall Breechloader 248. by J, C. Ewers 73, Hall Rifle 248. Gustus, Al. 363, Halle, Johann F. von x Guthe, Carl E. 162, 244. von Halle, Johann F. Guy, Millard D, 364. Hallock, Louis 36, Halsey, Ashley 14. Hamilton, Dwight L. 36, 37, Hamilton, Edward P. 207, Hamilton, R, G., Jr, 468. H Hamilton, Ruth Cultra 36, 73, Hamilton, Theodore M. 2, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 21, 26, 43, 251, 368. Hamilton, Warren 363, Hamilton, Ca. 301. HBC and the Smithsonian by H, G, Deignan Hamlin, Chauncey J. obit 423, 87, Hammers blacksmiths illus 261; claw Hackett, Coyt H. 369, illus 28; illus 260, 264; Indian Hackman, H, 45, 30, Hafen, LeRoy F. 3, 36, 82, 85, 162, 305, Hammond, George P. 368. Hagerty, Gilbert 28, 31, 207, Hampton, Wade 269, The Hagley Museum 21, 178. Hanby, Benjamin Russell 70; biog info Haigh, Henry A, 92, 423; port 70, Haines, Francis 62, A Handbook for the Exhibition Buildings Hair pipes (Indian ornament) 32, 38, 65; of Colonial Williamsburg, Inc. 103. illus 65, 150, 229, Handguns of Mountain Men 253, Hair Pipes in Plains Indian Adornment Handi,Jork vs. Machine Shop Methods by by J, C, Ewers 65, Carl P, Russell 215, 226. Hakala, D. Robert 31, 128, 201, 367, Hanks, Marion D, 162, 368, 369, 375, Hanna, Philip Townsend 9, 363, 560; Halberds 4; hist 264; illus 132, 229, biog info 423; memorials 423. 259, 264. Hansard, Thomas 53, Hale, Richard W. 362, Hansen, Asael T. 60. Half Dome Mountain x Yosemite National Hansen, Niels Ebbesen biog info 423; Park Half Dome Mountain, port 423, Half Dome, Yosemite Valley, In Yosemite Hanson, Charles E., Jr, ·5, 7, 8, 9, 36, National Park by Carl P. Russell 162, 197, 201, 251, 367, 569, Hanson, EarbP, 411; port 423, Hall, Ansel Franklin 160, 362, 370, 569; Hanson, John 70; port 70, biog info 372, 374, 422; obit 422, H~nuska, John A,, Jr. 469, 569; port 422, 498, Harding, George L. 70; port 70, Hall, Basil 284. Harding Memorial Assoc, Carl P. Russell Hall, E, Raymond 5, 56. membership 469, Hall, John H. 248. Hardi,Jare in the Trapper Camps of Western Hall, June Alexander (Mrs. Ansel F. Hall) North America - 1800-1843 by 422. Carl P. Russell x Firearms, Traps and Hall, Robert G. 364, 366, 369, Tools of the Mountain Men by Carl P. Russell,

(80) INDEX

Harib»a.re of the Fur Trade: Traps~ Fire Hats beaver 46, 316; beaver illus arms~ and Trade Goods by 138, 195, 265; beaver, mfg 195; Carl P, Russell 237, beaver, military illus 265; Harless, Richard F. 362. beaver, production 265; beaver vs. Harmer, Alexander Francis port 423, silk 265, 299; bibl info 265; Harmon, D. W. 276, folding 46; illus 138, 265; prices, Harney, William S. 291, list 265; shako illus 261; silk, Harold's Club, Reno, Nv. historical invention 46. marker program 364. Hats: Beaver vs. Silk by S. Vestal 46. Harpers Ferry 1827 x Pistols 1826 North. Hatt, Robert T. 2. Harper's Ferry National Monument 364, Haughwout and Daily 50. 513; historic buildings 513, Hawken, Jacob 53, 291, Harpoons x Spears. Hawken, Joe 15, Harrington, John C. 16, 28, 43, 89, 364, Hawken, Samuel 53, 278, 291. 365, 366, 373; biog info 373, 423, The Hawken Gerroner Story by J.P.H. Gemmer Harrington, Lyn 87. 53, Harris, Ellen G, 43, Hawkins, Benjamin 83, 281. Harris, Moses ("Black") 36, 281, 282, Hawkins, H. H. 312. 288. Hawkins, Quail 165, Harris, Robert C, 68, The Hawkins Co. 128. Harrison, G, Charter, Jr. 9, Hawkins rifling machine 5, Harrison, Michael 30, 36, 241, 305, Hawks, Edward A. 5, 6, 8, 53, 162. Harrodsburg, Ky. 90. Hayden, Carl 70, 309, 362, 373; port Ha.rry Pa.rker: 1906-1961 by 70. Carl P. Russell 575, Hayden, Charles Trumbull 70, Harry Schelwald Swarth by J.M. Linsdale Hayden Exped. 42. 73, Haynes, Frank Jay port 425, 532, Hart, Samuel S, 128. Hayndes, Jack Ellis 35, 532; bulletins Harte, Francis Brett (Bret) 300, 532; obit 425. Hartesveldt, Richard John 161, 366, 367, Haynes Guide by Jack Ellis Haynes 532, 368, 369, 370, 371. Haynes New Guide by Jack Ellis Haynes Hartzog, George B., Jr. 321, 328, 329, 532. 374, 375, 414, 499; biog info 424, Hays, Jimmy 70, 495; port 424. Hays, William Jacob 70, Harvey, Daggett 363, Hazlett, James C, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, Harvey, M. H. 321, 369, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26. Harwell, Charles Albert 485, 560, 558, Hazlett family hist 12, 20, 559; obit 424; port 424, 485, Headbands 270; illus 270, Hastings, Homer F. 17, Headdress horse illus 270, Hatch, Carl A. 515, Heald, Weldon F. comment on Yellowstone Hatch, Charles E., Jr, 37, 89, essay 369, Hatchets 2, 45, 57, 126; boarding (ship, Hearne, Samuel 278, etc,) 2; French Grenadier's illus Hearst family 303, 208; illus 45, 57, 126, 132, 208, Heavrin, Charles A. 2. 259; war 2; war illus 132, Hedges, Cornelius port 426. Hats xx Caps. Hegner, Robert William 427,

( 81) INDEX

Heider, L. G. 309, The Heyday of the Fur Traders in the Heilbron, Bertah L. 33. Great Lakes Region by G. M. Burnham Heinrich Balduin Mollhausen by R. Taft 68. 72. Hiatt, Alice 162. Held, Robert 52, Hiatt, Wallace E. 201, 275, 361. Heller, Edmund biog info 427; port 427; Hibben, Frank C. 105; port 105. writings bibl 427. Hibben, Harold J. 2. Hemotillo photo 153, Hibbs, Ben 515. Hempstead, Thomas 36, 276. Hickok, James Butler (Wild Bill) 55, Henderson, Annie Heloise Abel 285. 127; port 55, 127, Hendry, Anthony 2, 42, 281. Hicks, James E, 8, 11, 13, 74. Hendron, J. W. 363. Hicks Collection x Rifles Hicks Callee- Henneberger, John W. 369, tion. The Henness Trail to Yosemite Valley by Hides and skins xx under specific animal. Carl P. Russell 569, Hides and skins 128, 299; duty on 299; Henry, Alexander 277, 279, 281, 282, frames, drying 128; prices 299; Henry, Alexander (elder) 32. production 261, 281; tanning 128; Henry, Alexander (younger) 2. value 261; value list 261. Henry, Ahdrew 37, 42, 140, 275, 278, 281, Higgins, James 36, 286. 282, 283, 288. High-Class Spooning on the Left Bank Henry, Chris port 331, by C, Sandox 266. Henry, J. Joseph 249, 319. High Sierra Camps and Their Place in the Henry, William J. family hist 251, Yosemite Interpretive Scheme Henry Ford's Typical Early American by Carl P, Russell 569. Village at Dearborn by H, A. Haigh High Spots of Western Illustrating 82. by J. C. Dykes 75, Henry Rifles 250. Highlights in the History of the Big Oak Henry & Son, J. x Rifles Henry illus. Flat Road by Carl P. Russell 536, Henry Stone 37, Hikers' camps 362. Herbert, Charles W. 99, Hill, Charles 364. Herbert, Henry W, 285. Hill, Gertrude 238. Herl~enham, Norman B. 363, 369. Hill, Sanford 36, 328, 364, 366, 427. Herman Stieffel, Soldier Artist of the Hill, Tom (Delaware Indian) 281. Wept by E, M. Howell 73, Hilton, Conrad N. 427; port 489. Hermosillo Sonora 296. Hinges illus 28. Hernandez, J. C. 311. Hinshaw, Albert F. 371, Herndon, Dallas T. 76, 257, 363, Hinshaw, Charles R. 31. Herramientas Arados 126. Hints and Kinks for Outdoorsmen He's Built a Snappy Business in Backyard by H. McCracken 128. 276, Hiram Scott, Fur Trader by M. J. Mattes Heslin, James J. 43. 73, Hess, Chester Newton 53, Hiram Scott, Fur Trader - An Historical Hess, Gertrude D. 328. Inquiry by M. J. Mattes 73, Retch Hetchy Dam 499; controversy 500; Hirst, Archie L. port 428. photo 500. His [Charles Thompson] Contribution to Hewes, Charles 53. the National Parks by Hewitson, S. A. 37, Frank A. Kittredge 558,

(82) INDEX

His Father Built Fort Churchill Historic objects as sources of history criticism 24. 43, 365, 504, 569; Carl P. Russell Historian-Archaeologist Program in review 372, 373, America 565. Historic Objects as Sources of History Historian-archaeologists 373; development by Carl P. Russell criticism 28. 373; list 372, 373, Historic Objects: List of Lewis and Historian-archeologists with fur trade Clark Materials at the Missouri interests (1963) list 287. Historical Society compiled by Historians, military list 549, Jerry Y. Shimoda 330, Historic Adventure Land of the Northwest Historic Prairie du Chien 96, by G. Flandrau 94, Historic preservation report on special Historic buildings bedchamber sketch committee, 1966 499, 330; California, destruction of 300; Historic St. Augustine by V. E. Chatelain chimnies illus 350; construction 98. 328, 335; construction bibl info Historic site archeology x Archeology 348; diagrams 331; fireplaces 329, historic site. 335; furnishings 335, 349; log Historic sites 553; Lewis & Clark Exped cabins 328, 343; Menor homestead 339, 340; Lewis & Clark Exped map slide 360; Old Cathedral, St. Louis 337, 338; North Dakota 342; pre slide 360; Old Courthouse, St. Louis servation 499, 510, 546, 547, 552, slide 360; photo 579; preservation 565; Southern U.S. 577, 546, 547; report from 366; survey Historic Sites Administered by the 547; survey illus, catalog 548; National Park Service by Yosemite 538, Herbert Kahler 500, Historic Buildings of Mariposa Country Hi.storic Sites at City of Fort Wayne 94. by 0theto 300. Historic Structures Report 553, Historic Civil War Defenses, Washington, Historic Ticonderoga 86. D. C. 531. Historic vehicles Yosemite Museum list Historic Coulterville 301, 370. Historic Indian Medals 272, Historic War Vessels in Lake Champlain Historic landmarks preservation 499. and Lake George Historic Marking Along the Highways of Historical and Archaeological Reports America by Arthur Wilcox 363, Prepared or Published by the Staff Historic monuments preservation 499. of the National Park Service, Historic Mood in the Museum Village Jan. 1, 1949 to May 1, 1950 505. by Edward P, Alexander 504. Historical and Architectural Monuments Historic objects 336, 364, 367, 368, in the United States by 372, 373; bibl info 372; Cullpeper's Ronald F. Lee 546, microscope illus 348; Floyd, Charles Historical archeology x Archeology, 349; Gass, Patrick 349; Indian illus historical. 345; Lewis & Clark Exped 327, 329, Historical Background for the Rocky 339, 340, 341, 350; Lewis & Clark Mountain National Park by Exped bibl info 349; Lewis & Clark H. E, Rensch 522. Exped illus 368; Lewis & Clark Exped Historical Data: Blankets 106. list 330, 349; mining 304; philo Historical Data Section of Historical sophy 565; researchers list 375, Building Report, Fort Clatsop, Oregon by Carl P. Russell 335,

(83) INDEX

Historical markers 36, 86, 101, 105; The Historical Significance of Jackson California 79, 300, 301; California Hole National Monument by map 363; California photo 304; Carl P. Russell 243. construction, specifications 363; Historical Sketch of Old Fort Laramie, construction, standards 363; des Wyoming compiled by A. B. McCallum cription 363; Fort Osage slide 360; 84. Fort Vancouver slide 360; Fort Wayne Historical societies 363. 313; fur trade 363; Idaho 325, 326, Historical Society of Southern California 363; Illinois 326; Indians 331; Iowa 79, 326; Kansas 325, 326, 363; Lewis & Historical Study of the Independent Fur Clark Exped 339, 340, 350; Lewis & Trader 313. Clark Exped map 337; Lewis & Clark Historical Trails Map of Utah map 148. Trail 323; McLaughlin bust 360; Historical Trails Through New Mexico McLaughlin House slide 360; Minnesota map 363, map 363; Missouri 326, 363; Montana Historical Values of the Jackson Hole 323, 325, 363; National Parks 363; by Carl P. Russell 243, 515; criti Nebraska 324, 325, 326, 363; New cism 243. Mexico 363; New Mexico list 368; Historical Walla Walla Valley by North Dakota 324, 326, 363; Oklahoma C. C. Maxey 102. 363; Old Dutch Nick's (Nevada) 360; Historical writing Carl P. Russell Oregon 36, 325, 326, 364; Oregon philosophy 559. map 363; Radisson-Groseilleurs Fort The History and Status of Interpretive (Wisconsin) 363; Roubideaux's (sic) Work in National Parks by Blacksmith Shop 363; Samuel Parker Carl P. Russell 569. plaque photo 95; South Dakota 324 History in Prints by M. Stow 105, 326, 363; Utah 363; Washington 326, The History of America as a National 363; Washington list map 368; Resource for Morale by Wisconsin 363; Wyoming 363. George H. Forsyth 505, 569, Historical Markers by State Highway The History of Business Concessions in Commission of Montana 363. Yosemite National Park by Historical Markers in Nebraska by the Homer W. Robinson 362, 536. National Society of the Daughters The History of Castillo de San Marcos & of the American Revolution in Fort Matanzas from Contemporary Nebraska 325. Narratives and Letters 87. Historical Markers in Oregon by Pendleton The History of Fort Laramie by Woolen Mills 325, G, Rumley 81.

Historical Markers 3 State of Washington The History of Fort Osage by 363, K. L. Gr~gg 85. Historical monuments Lewis & Clark 328. History of Glacier National Park by Historical Narrative for Unit II: Ralph L. Beals 512. Jefferson National Expansion Memorial History of Guns and Gunpowder 53, by Clarence L. Johnson 322. A History of Ideas in Game Management Historical Report on Fort Bowie, Arizona by Aldo Leopold 501, by Robert M. Utley 513. History of Jackson's Hole, Wyoming, Before Historical Showing of 183? Watercolors the Year 190? by Walcott Watson by A. Frankenstein 72. 516.

(84) INDEX

History of Legisiation Reiating to Nationai Holmes, Oliver W. 328, Park Areas by Edmund B. Rogers 373, Holmquist, June D. 168. History of the Bison in Yeiiowstone Park Holsters 254; illus 254, 549. Homestead Nationai Monument: its History of the Nationai Park Movement estabiishment and administration and the Nationai Park Service by Ray H. Mattison 513. by Carl P, Russell 569, Homestead National Monument, Nb. 513, A History of the Nationai Park Service' Homesteading, Past and Present by by Carl P, Russell 569, U, S. Dept. of Interior 579, A History of aid Fort Mitcheii Hommon, Harry B, 429, by M, J, Mattes 84. Honest Injun by N. & M. Rau 63, History of Ordnance Department 248. Honing x Knives sharpening, The History of Scotts Biuff, Nebraska Hooper, Thomas T, 6. by Donald D, Brand 523, Hoover, Earl R. 70, A History of Southern Utah and Its Hoover, Herbert biog info 430; photo Nationai Parks by Angus M, Woodbury 430, 527. Hopeweii, Cradie of American Industry The History of the Cartridge 157, by M. C. Ruffner 210. History of the Fur Trade 56, Hopeweii Iron Piantation by E. A. Thomas The History of the United States Army 57, by W. A. Ganoe 26. Hopewell Village National Historic Site, History of the Waterviiet Arsenai 53, Pa, 513, The History of Yosemite by Hopkins, Alfred F. 2, 5, 54, 234, 254, Carl P, Russell 243, Hopkins, Edward Martin 284. History on Highways by A. Wilcox 105, Hopkins, Frances Ann Beechey 87, 284; History Reiived: The Bark of an Ancient paintings illus 87, Fiintiock Recaiis an Amerwan Victory Hopkins, Samuel 132, of Our First Great War by Horace Mann by M. S. Fenner and J. Scofield 55. E, C. Fishburn 71, Hoback, John 42, 280, 281, 282, 283. Horgan, Paul 70, Hoback Canyon 95, Horn spoon illus 304. Hoback River 95, 281. Horse-artillery 248. The Hoback River photo 95, Horse Return Revives Ferriera by Hodgkinson, Ralph 207, J, B. Todd 58, Hoes 255; illus 144, 264. Horse Shoe Stage Station marker photo Hoffman, W. Roy 374, 95, Hogan, William 168. Horses 29, 49, 58, 62, 64, 258, 263, 265, Hogsheads 273; illus 273, 274; Appaloosa 58; Appaloosa illus Hogsheads of Tobacco Stored in Warehouse 58; as food 261; bark as food illus at Richmond, Virginia photo 273, 140; bibl info 265; bleeding 265; Holbrook, Stewart H. 108, creasing 265; earliest Indian 42; Holiday, Mary 269, equipment 8, 265; equipment illus Holliday, Doc 127; port 127, 145, 229; equipment Lewis & Clark Holling, Holling Clancy 93, Exped. 349; equipment prices list Holloway, H. Max 8, 18. 265; forage 29, 265; hist 265; Holmes, Burton biog info 429, illus 145, 155, 265; Indian 8, 32, Holmes, Louis A. 9, 192, 265; Lewis & Clark Exped, 330;

(85) INDEX

Horses (cont) nomenclature 265; orna Hubbard, Douglass H. 366, 368, 369, ments illus 150; pack 19; pack 370, 371, 375, 465, 563, 564; biog illus 145, 146; packing illus 140; info 405; port 405. packing cannon 137; packsaddles x Hubbs, Carl 469, Packsaddles illus; picketing, methods Huber, Armin 0. 10. 265; saddles illus 145; shoes, Huber, Walter L. biog info 429, rawhide 265; trade 265; travois x Huckleberries 265, Travois; value 263; wintering 263, Hudson, J. Paul 27, 28, 37, 41, 43, 50, Hortiz, Fran~ois 43, 280. 167, 274, 276, 329, 368; biog info Hot Shot Furnaces 431. Hot Spring Activity in the Geyser Basin The Hudson summary report of the Hudson of the Firehole River for the 1959 River Valley Commission 513. Season by George D. Marler 52, Hudson River maps 513, Hot Spring Cavern, Hoback Canyon photo Hudson's Bay Best Procurable Scotch 95. Whisky 44. Hot Springs National Park, Ar. hist 513, Hudson's Bay Co. 2, 6, 7, 36, 37, 39, Houck, Louis 73, 45, 46, 47, 56, 82, 85, 87, 111, 128, Houser, G. O. 62. 131, 140, 159, 251, 261, 262, 263, Houses 88, 265; bibl info 265; block 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 273, 274, illus 265; illus 88; plank 336, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, Houston; Robert 53, 284, 286, 287, 299; activity in far Houston, Sam 363. west 281; Armorial Bearings illus Houston, Samuel (1793-1863) 52, 76, 269; 281; bibl info 43, 281; forts list port 76. 281; hist 111, 281; posts list How Ams Collecting Started 127. 368; routes to California map 148; How Colts Earned Their Title 'The Am of store illus 151; unpublished Law and Order' 55, materials list 280. How Lincoln Gave His Approval to Spencer Hudson's Bay Company by H. McCracken 128. Carbine 127. The Hudson's Bay Company by W. D. Vincent How Santa Claus Came to Simpson's Bar 56. by Bret Harte 303, Hudson's Bay Jamaica and Demerara Rums How They Lived at Old Fort Laramie 44. by R, H. Lewis 84. Hudson's Bay 1670 Sco-tch Whisky 44. How to be a Gun Collector by L. Cary 52, Hufendick, C. B. 238. How to Catch More Fur by H, Van Cleve 128. Huffman, L. A. 70; port 70. Howard, James H, 62. A Huge South American Rodent ... by Howard, Maggie (Indian) port 362, H. Stilwell 56, Howard, William J, 37, Huggins, Dorothy H. 165, Howard's Crossing 37, Huggins, Eli L. 291, Howdy Nugget 72. Hughes, Mrs. Evan 16. Howe, Walter J, 167. Hughes, James B. 53, Howell, Edgar M. 11, 15, 73, 328, 330, Hull, Alonzo "Lonnie" 70; port 70, Howitzer and Rocket Battery 22, 245, Hull, Cordell 468. Howitzers x Cannon howitzers. Humboldt River 36. Hoyt, Raymond E, 363. Hume, Ivor Noel 50, 57,

(86) INDEX

Hwnrnel, Edward A. 244, 373, 374; biog Ickes, Harold Le Clair (cont) expan info 429, 452; photo 331; port sion of National Park System 432; 429, Jackson Hole controversy 515; obit Humphrey, Hubert H. 501, 432; statement on Jackson Hole Hunt, Elmer Munson 162, National Monument 516. Hunt, George 312, Idaho Yesterdays swnrner issue 1958 342. Hunt, James K, 6. Idaho's Historical Sign Program illus Hunt, Lester C. 515, 516. 363, Hunt, Morton M, 72, Identification of French Gun Flints by Hunt, Rockwell D. 303, C. S. Smith 55, Hunt, Wilson Price 36, 42, 43, 83, 279, Illegal Slaughterers of Wildlife 127. 280, 281, 282, 299; port 151. Illingworth, W. H. 77. Hunt Exped 25; route map 283, Illinois 88, Hunter, Dard, Jr, 53, Illinois Indians 281. Huntington, R. T. 15, 16, 18, 19, Illustrations Carl P. Russell's specifi Huntington, Samuel 70; port 70. cations for artists 256, Huntington Library 385, Immel, Michael E. 36, 276, 278, Huron Indians 273, 274, 277, 291, Immigration 263; bibl info 263; Hussey, John Adam 9, 11, 201, 305, 328, museums 504. 329, 363, 364, 366, 367, 368, 369, The Impact of Fur on America's Roots 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 429, 574, by W, H. Hutchinson 278, Hutchins, Harry Burns biog info 429; The Impact of the Museum in the Hinter port 429, lands by K. Ross Toole 504. Hutchins, John 276, Impairment of Park Values in Zion Hutchinson, W. H. 2, 7, National Park by Dorr G. Yeager 362. Huth, Hans 70, 284, 369, 499,,560. The Importance of Naturalist Work From the Standpoint of Park Administration by Carl P. Russell 570, Impressions From the Wilderness by Robert Marshall 447, I In Historic New Orleans by D. Markstein 105, Incomparable Valley by M. Matthes criticism 165, The Incredible Catlin - And His Heroic I Took Ye for an Injun by F. Remington Portraits by A. Frankenstein 68. illus l38, Independence National Historical Park Ibbotson, J. S. 6, 96; photo 513, Ice Age National Park proposal 370, The Independence National Historical Park Ice Age National Scientific Reserve Project by C. E, Peterson 96, proposal 518. Independence Rock 88, 281, Ichthyosaur State Park, Nv. 364, 394, Independence Rock photo 95, Ichthyosaurs fossils 394, Independence Rock,, the Great Record of Ickes, Harold Le Clair 362, 393, 411, the Desert by R. S. Ellison 88. 558; as Secretary of Interior 432; India 5, biog info 432; cartoons of 432; Indian Affairs, U.S. Committee on 45,

(87) INDEX

Indian Affairs, U.S. Office of 45. Indiana bibl info 313; fur trade map The Indian and the Gun by 582; historical geography 313; Carl P. Russell 235; criticism 8. hist 312. Indian Attack on Swedish Immigrants Indiana, northern map 315, by A. Wideen 63. The Indiana Project 312, 313; annotated The Indian Buffalo Gun by E. A. Hawks 53, bibl 315; bibl info 315; contract An Indian Camp by A. J. Miller illus 146. for 312; correspondence relating to Indian Canoe by A. J. Miller illus 146. 312; illus and maps list 315; Indian cider mfg photo 362. manuscript 314; preliminary drafts Indian Council on the Green River by 314. A. J. Miller illus 72, Indians xx names of specific tribes. The Indian Frontier on the Upper Missouri Indians 2, 30, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, to 1865 by R.H. Mattison 62. 102, 109, 110, 114, 169, 235, 253, Indian-Government relations by year 255, 262, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, (1776-1842) list 293, 282, 288, 291, 292, 293, 296, 299, Indian Gulch Quadrangle (Ca.) map 301. 313, 342, 507, 512, 522, 527, 533; Indian land sessions map 313. activities illus 146; affiliations Indian Missions and Missionaries on the lists 281; agents 281; allied with Upper Missouri to 1900 by whites list 293; as slaves 281; R. H.. Mattison 63. attacks 159, 251, 225; bibl info The Indian Paintings of George Winter 74. 30, 43, 281; bibl 235; bibl annotated Indian Returning to Camp with Game 114; burial grounds, Seloy 81; by A. J, Miller illus 146. burials 8, 159; California 306; Indian Rifle 250, camp sites in Oregon map 336; claims The Indian Rifle by Carl P. Russell filed with government 269; cliff criticism 6. dwellers 565; clothing, buffalo 49; Indian Scalping Technique in Different cooking equipment, wooden illus 345; Tribes by G. Nadeau 66. cremation of dead 507; cultural Indian Sketches in the Archives of Canada change 316; dances, buffalo 49; by A. Woodward 72, dances, contrast with white 146; The Indian Today 281. dances illus 146; dances, scalp Indian Trade Goods by A. Woodward 57. illus 146; delegations 269; Indian Trade Objects in Michigan and depopulation 255·, 263; distribution Louisiana by G. I. Quimby 57, 281; factories 313; farming 507; Indian Trade Silver by M. Barbeau 65, firearms possession list 291; food Indian Trade Silver of Canada by collectors 507; funeral rites 362; M. Barbeau 65. government relations 281; greetings, Indian Tribes and Languages of the Old method 159; hair cutting customs Oregon Country map 148. 32; hunting 507; illus 146, 171, Indian Villages, Tribes, and Linguistic 202, 284, 287; Indiana 313; Indiana, Division in parts of Louisiana and treaties with 313; lands irrigation, Mississippi in 1?00 map 280. methods 507; languages map 148, Indian Wars of the U. S. Army 1??6-1865 582; Lewis & Clark Exped 330; by F. Downey criticism 239; mound-builders 520; mounds 507; Carl P. Russell review 239; proofs neck ornaments 32; neck ornaments 239, illus 32; neck ornaments, axe heads 2; ornaments illus 150;

(88) INDEX 1

Indians (cont) painted illus 150; An Interesting Story Worth Repeating population, 1940 281; port 32, 362; 108. pottery 507; presents awarded by Interior of Fort Laramie by A. J. Miller Agent Clark list 281; proverbs 63; illus 153, removal (1836-37) 269, 281; Interior, U.S. Fur Factory Warehouse Revolutionary War 322; slaves 281; illus 280. trade among tribes 42; trade with International Competition West of the 299; trade with Americans 45; trade Rockies map 148, 195. with British 45, 368; trade with International Union for the Protection Jamestown-bound colonists (1607) 375; of Nature 500. trade with Spanish 45; tribes maps Interpreting the Story of the National 582; Upper Great Lakes 507; vaccina Parks by Carl P. Russell 570, tion 263; villages map 148; wars, Interpretive Potentials Along the by year (1609-1774) list 293; Castolon-Santa Elena Road, Big Bend weaving (Yosemite) 371; White contact National Park by David J. Jones and 281. Robert W. Harris 369. Indians and Other Americans by Interview with Maria Lehrado at Bear R. L. Neuberger 63, Creek 71. Indians of California, Southwestern United Inventory of Sundries Delivered to the States and Latin America 64. Northwest Company ... 57, Indians Owe Land Victory to Famed Anthro Investigating Gun Mechanisms Through pologist by T. Riley 63. X-Ray by Carl P. Russell 234; Indians Testing Their Bows by A. J. Miller draft of essay 368. illus 146. Iowa Indians 269. The Influence of Miners and Mining upon Irmes, Campbell 7, the Early History of Yosemite Iron 19, 255, 316; bibl info 264; by Carl P. Russell 570, hist 264; prices list 264; smelting An Ingenious Historical Museum by 57, 264; trade 264; value 45. R. S. Corwin 90, Iron and Steel in 162?: the 'Fidelle Ingots tin 28. Ouverture De L'Art De Serrurier' of Inlay work 31. Mathurin Jousse by C. S. Smith and Inscriptions rock x Petroglyphs. A. Sisco 57. Inscriptions tree 37; tree, E.W.C. 1850 The Iron Axes in America by 37. Carl P. Russell 230, 319; criticism Inscriptions on Kansas Historical Markers 2, 28. 325, The Iromuorker 57, Insects bites, prevention 128. Iroquois Fur Trade Project 316, 375; Instructions for the Development of the exhibits illus 316; notes 316. National Park and Monument Nature Iroquois Indians 43, 45, 54, 62, 63, 86, Trail 364. 255, 270, 271, 279, 280, 281, 283, 288, The Inter-Agency Archeological Salvage 291; bibl info 316; illus 255, 281; Program 64. immigration 316; territoral conquest The Inter-Agency Archaeological Salvage map 316. Program in the United States by Iroquois Indians in the Far West by F. Johnson 62. J. C. Ewers 201. Inter-American Convention on Nature Irving, John T. 285. Protection and Wildlife Preservation 362.

(89) INDEX

Irving, Washington 70, 278, 280, 281, Jackson Hole, Crossroads of the Western 282, 285, 288. Fur Trade, 1807-1840 by M. J. Mattes Is There a Need for a Corrrprehensive 89. Recreation Program in the United Jackson Hole Museum, Jackson Hole, Wy. States? by Conrad L. Wirth 552. 43, 514, 515; illus 43, Isaac Todd (ship) 279, 282. Jackson Hole National Monument, Wy. 512; Izaak Walton League 516. administrative policy 515; bill to abolish 515; biologic values 515; compendiurn of papers relating to the establishment and administration of the national monument 516; J controversy 514, 515, 516, 549; controversy, correspondence 515; controversy, public meeting 515; game management 516; geologic values 515, 516; geology 516; grazing J, D. Savage by Carl P. Russell 241. permits 515; hearings to abolish, JNEM x Jefferson National Expansion complete text 514; historic values Memorial. 515, 516; hist 516; permittees chart J, Russell Co. 266. 516; permittees, listing 516; rights Jackknife x Knives pocket. of private citizens 515; statement Jackson, Andrew 269; port 281. by Izaak Walton League of America Jackson, David E, 278, 281, 283, 286; 515, 516; statement of policy con biog info 281. cerning administration 516; trail Jackson, Donald D, 233, 328, 329, 346. 515; wildlife 516. Jackson, Earl 100. Jackson's Little Hole (Hoback Canyon, Wy.) Jackson, Harley E. photos 363. Jackson, Hartley H. T. biog info 433; Jacob, C. Stanley 7, 43; business card port 433, 7. Jackson, Joseph Henry 72, Jacob, John 157, Jackson, "Teton" x Bradford ( "Teton" Jacobs, Duane 433. Jackson), Jacobs, Walter L. 433; port 489. Jackson, Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall) 83, Jakobsen of Delft, Cornelius 50, Jackson, W, Turrentine 58, James, Edwin 285; port 151. Jackson, William Henry 28, 36, 70, 75; James, George I. 362, biog info 433; negatives, catalog James, George Wharton 433, 370; negatives, sources 370; photos James, Harlean 70; port 70, illus 70, 433; port 70, 433, 460. James, Harry C. 563, Jackson, Ca, 301. James, Jesse murder illus 53, Jackson Hole, Wy, 36, 37, 42, 89, 159, Jamestown, Va, 43, 50, 89, 103, 144; 238, 243, 281, 514; controversy 237; bibl info 50; Glasshouse illus 50; early hist 449; glacial grooves 364; illus 88; museum exhibits photo hist 243, 514, 516; origin of name 316; statehouse hist 513. 281; slide 360; wildlife 515, Jamestown Colonists Trading with Tide Jackson Hole by Josephine C, Fabian illus water Virginia Indians, 1608 by 514. S. E, King illus 43, Jamestown on the James by C. E. Hatch 89,

(90) INDEX

Jamestown Visitor Center 43. Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Jamison, Samuel M. 70, (cont) Intern Exhibit Gallery 322; Jandot (artist) 142. interpretive prospectus 317; Mother Japazaws 50. Lode material 321; planning 367, Jaramillo, Josefa (Mrs. Kit Carson) 36. 368; progress, building 373; site Jarnette, David L. Dex DeJarnette, map 318; site photo 318; site David L, development 321; slides 360; Thematic Jarrett, G. B. 22. Synopsis: Musewa of Westward Expan Jars 4, 231; illus 139, 231; Slavish sion 322; Trapper's and Trader's illus 263; snuff 28; snuff illus Frontier: Unit II (Stone Warehouse 28, 263; Spanish illus 263, Interior Prospectus) by Jerry Wagers Jean Baptiste Roy by C. van Ravenswaay 322; want list 320. 73, The Jefferson Na,;<;onal Expansion Memorial Jedediah Smith by H. McCracken 128. by C. van Ravenswaay 238. Jedediah Smith and the First Crossing of Jelks, Edward B. 28. the Sierra Nevada by F. P. Farquhar Jenkins, John W. 3, 8, 37, 43, 144, 162, 73. 253, 304, 305, 311, 329, 367, 368, Jedediah Smith at San Gabriel diorama 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 470; obit illus 36. 433, Jedediah Smith Grove (Jedediah Smith Jenkins, Paul B. 54, 127, State Park) 364. Jennings, Dean 54, 362, Jedediah Smith Memorial 73, Jepson, Carl E. biog info 433, Jedediah Smith Society 282. Jerky making 261. Jedediah Smith Writing Report to Wm. Cla:t'k, Jerky xx Venison jerked, recipe. 1827 151. Jessup, Thomas S. 48, 269. Jedediah Smith's Blacksmith Making a Bear Jesuits 255; French 280, 316; massacre Trap for Fr. Sanchez 210. 45. Jefferson, Robert 99, Jett, T. Sutton port 433, 457, Jefferson, Thomas 42, 269, 281, 286; Jewell, Donald P. 372, port 151, 281. Jew's harp 28, 267; illus 267; trade Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 6. 267. Jefferson National Expansion Memorial l, Jim Bowie's Knife by J. F. Dobie 66. 2, 5, 31, 34, 42, 43, 110, 191, 275, Jim Bridger's Old Trading Post by 304, 305, 319, 320, 321, 322, 367, R. S. Ellison 82. 469, 558; architectural competition Joffe, Joe 434. for 318; collections, cultural objects Jogues, Isaac 45. 321; correspondence 321; curatorial Johansen, Dorothy 33, work (Mother Lode) 371; exhibit John Ball by Carl P. Russell 33, 241. interpretation 322; Exhibit Plan - John Day River 36. Phase II: Explorers of a Wllderness The John Muir Trail by Herbert W. Gleason 322; exhibit plan, Unit 3 342; 536, exhibits 304, 305, 322; exhibits John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation slides 360; fur trade exhibits plates 160, 305; application 346; Fellow 321; fur trade project x Fur Trade ships, awarded to Carl P. Russell 160. Project; Historical Narrative, Unit John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation II 321; hist 237, 238;. Fellowships 160.

(91) INDEX

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, Jugs 4, 231; earthenware illus 263; 1951-1954 160. illus 231. Johnny Appleseed x Chapman, John. Junipers 15, Johnny Appleseed Source Book by R. C. Harris 68. Johnny Reb's Pistols by A. Chernoff 52, Johnnycake recipes 128. Johnson, Barbara 31. K Johnson, Clarence L. 321, 327, 328 Johnson, Eastman 284. Johnson, Frederick W. 62, 243, 515, Johnson, Hal 363, 469. Johnson, J. E. 362. Kahler, Herbert E. 6, 7, 8, 19, 42, 43, Johnson, William 63, 276, 280, 281; port 54, 89, 100, 118, 160, 207, 243, 312, 63. 321, 329, 369, 370, 373, 374, 437, Johnston, Adam M. 37, 465; biog info 434. Johnston, Fred T. 363; biog info 433; Kamphoefner, Mabel 33. port 433, Kane, Lucile M. 43. Johnston, J. E. 363, Kane, Paul 283, 284. Johnston, John 277. Kansa Indians 32, 269, 272, 277; Johnston, LaDow 43. village illus 84. Johnston, Samuel 70; port 70; Kanteens x Canteens. Joinery Russian 363, Karstens, Henry P. caricature 498, Jones, Benjamin 281. Kauai National Park, Hi. proposed Jones, Eugene S. 368. photo 517. Jones, Holway Roy 372, 373, Kauffman, Henry J. 10, 14, 15, 17, 19, Jones, Josh 36, 127. Jones, Seth C. 42. Kearny, Stephen Watts 12, 137, 269, 279, Jones, Virgil Carrington 72, 281; port 281. Jones, William R. 564. Kearny Exped (1835) 269, Jorgensen, Christopher 536, Kearny's Howitzers by D. L. Clarke 14. Jorgensen Art Collection 558, Keck, Morris Melville 468. Joseph Copeland, 17th Century Pewterer The Keelboat by Carl P. Russell 321. by W. Bailey 57, Keelboats 3, 6, 48, 355; bibl info 321; Joseph Rhodes and the California Gold description 27, 262; equipment 262; Rush of 1850 by M, J. Mattes 73, evaluation 48; illus 3, 74, 135, Josephy, Alvin M., Jr, 495, 137, 520; Lewis & Clark 3; Lewis & Jourdain, Joseph 45, Clark's (1803) 372; making illus Journal of Jean Baptiste Truteau on the 262; military 262; orders 48; Upper Missouri 74. packets (passenger) 3; photo 336; The Journals of Lewis and Clark by speed 262; value 262. Nicholas Biddle advertisement 332, Keely, A. R. 99, The Journals of Lewis and Clark Keener, William G, 129. NBC documentary review 333, Keep the Wilderness Wild by Joyner, Newell F. 28, 321, 367, 369, 374, Howard Zahniser 500. Judith River, Mt. 323. Kegs x Casks.

(92) INDEX

Kelleher, William F. 190, King, Thomas Starr 574. Kelley, Darwin 62. Kings Canyon National Park x Se~uoia Kellogg, Virgil L. 42. Kings Canyon National Parks. Kelly, Edward James 71, Kings Mountain, a Hunting Rifle Victory Kelly, Hall Jackson 282, 286. by R. W. Young 234. Kelsey, Harlan P. obit 434. Kings Mountain Battle by Carl P. Russell Kelsey, Henry 281. 570. Kendall, Arthur Isaac 54. Kingsbury, Lilburn A. 520. Kennedy, Michael 328. Kinnik-kinnik x Tobacco kinnik-kinnik. Kennedy, Sidney S, 372, Kina, Eusebio Francisco 70, 296, 310; Kennedy Administration (1961-1963) out bibl info 362; biog info 362; door recreation program 502; park burial 362. legislation 372, Kina Missions George Grant picture Kensett, Thomas 265. captions list 296. Kent, Donald H. 18. Kipp, James 281; port 151, Kentucky 90. Kirk, A. E. 468. Kenyon, William L. obit 4ll. Kirker, James 300. Kettles 4, 50, 81, 139, 231, 255, 267, Kirker Pass, Ca. 300. 299, 316, 349; American 50; bibl Kit Carson by H. McCracken 128. info 267, 299; Blackfeet 4, 50; Kit Carson and the Trail He Blazed Blackfeet illus 50; brass 50, 267; by M. S. Corcoran 68. brass illus 50, 139; British 50; The Kit Carson Cabin photo 153, copper 50, 139, 267; covered illus Kit Carson, Mountain Man 68. 267; French 4; handles illus 145; Kit Carson's Hawken's Rifle 249. illus 29, 50, 139, 229, 267; Indian Kitchen Interior by C. Jakobsen illus 50; iron 50, 267; iron, tea illus 50. 267; lids 28; lids illuB 28; lists Kittredge, Frank Alvah 362, 468, 558, 50; lugs 28, 50; lugs illus 50; 560, 561; biog info 396, 435, 558; Pipe Spring 50; prices list 267; obit 435; port 396, 435. production 50; 17th century bibl Kiowa Indians 36. info 50; Spokan 4; trade 4, 50, Kivas 507, 267; trade illus 50; war 255, Klapthor, Margaret Brown 50, Kickapoo Indians 269. Kleemann, Otto 2. Kidd, Kenneth E. 7, 10, 31, 43, 65, Knife Know-How by A. Buck 66. Kidwell, Benton 6, 7, Knight, William 286. Kilgore, Bruce M. 368, 369, 370, 375, The Knights of the Golden Circle 309, 413. Knives 31, 66, 115, 129, 191, 204, 255, KiUdeer 249, 260, 266, 295, 321; Arkansas tooth Kil-So-Ouah (Indian) port 315, pick illus 266; as spear points King, Charles B. 284. 266; axe combination illus 259; King, Dale 32. bayonet, plug 266; bayonet, plug King, Milo 2. illus 266; Barlow hist 266; bibl King, Nicholas m~~s, discussion 71, info 31, 239, 255, 266; bibl King, Sam 371. annotated 115; blade 15; boning, King, Seth S. 92. description 31; Bowie 31, 66, 68, King, Sidney E. 43. 129, 266; Bowie, description 31;

(93) INDEX

Knives (cont) Bowie, English illus Knives (cont) reverse curve illus 31; 266; Bowie hist 266; Bowie illus riflemen 1s 266; riflemen's illus 66, 129, 147; Bowie, makers list 266; Russian 266; scabbards illus 266; Bowie, Mexican illus 266; 266; scalping illus 239, 266; Buck 66; butcher, description 31; scramasax 266; sharpening 31, 266; butcher illus 266; cartouche 31; sheaths 31, 37; sheaths illus 31, catalogs 127; clasp illus 28, 31; 266; sheaths, three dimensional classification of 129; construction object 353; Sheffield 266; skin 66; crooked 266; crooked illus 266; ning 31; skinning, description 31; crooked bibl info 367; crossed skinning illus 266; socket 31; implement illus 31; cutlasses 6; socket description 31; socket illus cutlery illus 28; Dadley 28; 31; Spanish 37; surgical 66; daggers 31, 266; daggers, axe com surgical illus 66; Swedish, des bination illus 260; daggers illus cription 31; table illus 266; 127, 266; decorated 66; decorated terminology, glossary 129; throwing illus 66; description 28; dirks 31; trade 28, 31, 266; trade, des illus 127, 266; Eskimo 266; flint cription 31; trade, French 266; illus 28; French 255, 266; French trade illus 266; types 31, 266; illus 255; frontier 66; frontier U.S. Army 1880 hunting, description illus 66; German 266; Grand Teton 31; value 28, 31, butcher knife 368; Green River 66, Knives of the Old West 191, 191, 266; Green River bibl info 31; Knopf, Alfred A. 35, 43, 164, 191, 232. Green River, description 31; Green Know Your Service by NFS series 548. River illus 52, 191; Green River Knowhow for Horse Buyers by R. Appel 265. Works 31, 80; hand-forged illus Knowles, Thomas 570. 367; handles 31; handles, description Knox, A. J. 515. 31; hist 266; hospital corps 31; Knox, Henry 43, 86; port 86. hunting 31, 66; hunting, description Kruse, Harvey R. 162, 31; hunting illus 66; illus 31, 66, Knuth, Priscilla 36, 37, 43, 237, 328. 1 1:... ,, 147,203,205,295,349,582; Kolnitz, Alfred H. von 54, Indian 31; Indian illus 266; Kootchin Indian illus 8. inscriptions 31; inscriptions list Kawski, Frank F. 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 266; Jim Baker's illus 266; John 372, 373, 374, 375; biog info 437; Russell Cutlery Co. 31; lancet 31; port 437, lancet illus 266; Lincoln assassina Kroeber, Alfred L. 63; obit 437; port tion conspiracy 295; made from files 437, illus 31; makers list 129, 266; Krueger, Elwood W. 76. making 266; markings 239; markings, Krug, Julius A. 42, 362, 363; port 395; Andre or Adier 31; markings, C.I.A. retirement 395, crowned 31; markings illus 31, 266; Kubik, Richard D. 579, military 66, 266; military illus Kubler, George 98. 66, 266; nomenclature 266; Northwest Kuehl, Al 437. Coast Indian 31; pen 159; pocket Kullyspell, Id. 90, 31, 266; pocket, Barlow 31; pocket, KuZZyspeZZ House Ruins by J. Parsons 90. description 31; pocket illus 28, Kurz, Rudolph F. 70, 284. 266; pocket, military 31; pocket, penknife 31; prices 266;

(94) INDEX

Lances (cont) points, description 28; points illus 28; Spanish 28, 264; trade 28. Lancet x Knives lancet. L Lancha Plan (Ca.) 300. Land and Water Conservation Fund 372, The Land that God Forgot by Juanita Brooks 539, Landes, Charles biog info 369, L.A. Huffman, the Studio 70. Landing the Charettes by A. J. Miller Lacey, John F. 516. illus 155, Lackluster, Meda fa 272. Landmarks x Markers. Ladles illus 144. Landscape Architecture in the National LaFayette, Floyd A. 329, 365, 371, 372, Park Service by William G. Carnes Lafayette, Ca. photo 471. 552, Laframboise, Michel 33, 281, 286. Lange, Walter W. port 457, Lagnel, J. A. x d 1Lagnel, J. A. Langford, Nathaniel P. 533; photo 436, Lake, Stuart N. 54, 75; obit 54, Langlade, Charles de 253, Lake Champlain 91, Languages frontier 268. Lake George 91. Lanterns 268; glass illus 268; illus Lake Mead photo 500, 268; prices list 268; tin illus Lake Superior 92, 268. Lake Tahoe, Nv. Carl P. Russell interest Lantz, David E. 56. in proposed park 526; conservation LaPlante, John D. 328. 575; illus 575; maps 526; maps La Purisima mission 91. slides 357; photo 575; preservation LaRames, Jacques 81. 501; sewage disposal 37 5, 526; sewage Laramie, Jacques 81, 282. disposal map 582. Larkin, Thomas 286. Lake Tahoe State Fish and Game Commission LaRocque, FranQois 42, 272, 274, 281, 282. 362. Laroque (sic) demonstrating to Crows, 1805 Lake Tahoe State Park, Nv. proposed 200. 375, 526. Larpenteur, Charles 258, 262, 274, 283, Lamere, Joseph A. 272. Larrabee, Edward M. 201. Lamps 268; bear oil illus 267; Betty LaSalle, Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de 32; Betty hist 268; Betty illus 68; port 68. 268; field torch illus 268; fish Las Mariposas xx Mariposa. oil illus 268; grease illus 268; Las Mariposas (Ca.) map 579, illus 144, 229, 268; iron 268; port Lassen, Peter 71; port 71. light 268; trade illus 267; torches Lassen Volcanic National Park by 268; torches, pitch illus 268; Carl P. Russell 571, whale oil illus 268, The Last Survivor by Mrs. H. J. Taylor Lampson, Curtis Miranda 282. 558. Lamson, David 559, The Late William H. Ashley 69. Lances xx Spears. Lattimore, Ralston B. 19. Lances 4, 28, 264; bibl info 264; heads Lau, E. V. 18. 28; illus 28, 264; Indian 28; Laughing Gas and Guns Won the Far West markings illus 264; military 264; for U.S. by J. Douthit 158.

(95) INDEX

Lava Beds National Monument by Lemhi Pass 323. C. R. Swartzlow 517. Lemlow, M, 207. Lavender, David 278, 279, Le Moyne, Jacques 284, Lawrence, James 286. Lenses 263; burning 263; burning illus 11 11 Lawrence, William C, ( Slim ) 9, 37, 43, 263, 147, 275, 276, 369, 514; port 257; Leon, Juan Ponce de x Ponce de Leon, Juan. Reminiscences 515, Leonard, Archie C. biog info 369. Lead 252; bar illus 252; drop shot Leonard, Richard M, 422; biog info 438; 252; mines 252; mining 268, port 438, Lead grips x Flints caps. Leonard, Stephen R., Jr. 201, 276; Leamon, Columbus A. 300, port 201. Lear, John 230, Leonard, Zenas 280, 285; papers, comments Leather 56. 367. Leavenworth, Henry 278, 281, 282; death Leopold, Aldo Starker 501; biog info 269; port 151, 438; port 438. Leavenworth Exped (1819) Leopold Report xx Leopold, Aldo Starker. Leavenworth Exped ( 1823) Leopold Report 553; Carl P. Russell Leavitt, Ernest P, obit comments 373, Lebec, Peter 286. Leroux, Antoine 36, 85, 281. Lebrado, Maria (Indian) 71, 362, 482, LeRoy, Robert E. 12. 502,·558. Lessons in Democracy in the Badlands of Lee, Daniel 282. North Dakota by Olaf T. Hagen 522. Lee, Jason 36, 281, 282, 288; port 151, Lessons in Fur Farming 128. 282. Lesueur, Charles Alexandre 71, 284; Lee, Richard Blaud 282. port 7l. Lee, Robert E. surrender illus 52, The LesueuP Collection of American Sketches Lee, Ronald F. 6, 13, 14, 105, 121, 160, by G. Leland 71, 238, 321, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, Let Me Tell You About My Father 70. 367, 372, 375, 499, 505, 560; port Let's Put an End to Barbarism on American 4ll, Traplines by R. L. Neuberger 108. Lee family biog info 524, Letters from a Hessian Mercenary by Lee Mansion National Memorial, Va, 517, H. Huth 70. Leechman, Douglas 25, Levels illus 45, Leermakers, J. A. 7, 31, 42. Lewis, B. R. 8, 54, 250, 252. Leese, Jacob P. 286. Lewis, Bernice 559, Legace, Josette 277, Lewis, Henry 284. Legace, Pierre 277. Lewis, James Otto 34, 284. The Legends of Washington Irving 70. Lewis, Meriwether 285, 342; branding Lehenbauer, P.A. 362. iron, rubbing 330; port 151, Leidig, Charles T. biog info 369, Lewis, Oscar 30. Leidig, John H. obit 437, 580; port Lewis, Ralph H. 2, 5, 28, 36, 39, 42, 43, 437, 69, 73, 84, 243, 321, 364, 366, 368, Leighton, Josephine 160. 369, 371, 372, 374, 380, 437, 465; Leland, Waldo G. 71, 411; obit 437, biog info 440, Leman, H. E. of Lancaster, Pa. x Muskets Lewis, T. M, N. 100. H. E. Leman of Lancaster, Pa. Lewis, Washington B. 414; caricature Leman Trade Gun 251. 498; port 422, 498,

(96) INDEX

LeuJis and Clark by H. McCracken 128, Lewis and Clark Memorial, Fort Clatsop, Lewis and Clark at Celilo Falls illus Oregon: Preliminary Exhibit Plan, 345. with report 'Historic Objects' by Lewis and Clark at Fort Clatsop, 1805~ Carl P. Russell 340, 1806 by Lancaster Pollard 342. Lewis and Clark Monwnent (Charlottesville, Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park 328. Va.) photo 325, Lewis and Clark Docwnentary, NBC reviews Lewis and Clark Project 333, 342, 343, 333, 344, 345, 347, 348, 349, 350; Lewis & Clark Exped 31, 71, 110, 128, prospectus 346; publication 346. 262, 269, 272, 274, 277, 280, 281, Lewis and Clark Salt Cairn photo 331. 282, 323, 329, 330, 339, 341, 342, Lewis and Clark Sites and Markers Project 343; accomplishments 350; annotated 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, bibl 348; at Fort Clatsop 335; at Lewis·and Clark studies 14. Fort Clatsop bibl info 348; bibl Lewis and Clark Trail 325, 326, 328, 341; info 269, 328, 329, 330, 331, 338, map 343. 339, 340, 347; boat-hooks 361; Cape Lewis and Clark Trip Tough Even with Disappointment photo 325; Clark at Conveniences 333. Cape Disappointment map 325; Clark Lewis and Clark's Air Gun 53, field notes 325; desertion 330; diet Libbey, Donald S. biog info 376. 349; diorama photo 336; docwnents Lichter, Harry E. 8, 24, 41, 43, 237, list 350; eating equipment illus 328, 329, 349; encampments 259, 323, 324, 325, Liebes, Arnold L. obit 438, 326, 350; equipment 349; equipment Life in the Rocky Mountains by list 336, 355; ethnological material W. A. Ferris 159, 349; food 336; Indian encounter 159; Life of Alfred Jacob Miller by maps 350, 520; maps discussion 71; M. R. Porter 72, meeting with or evidence of other Life on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation white men 330; Lewis shot by Cruzatte Today 64. 344; musewns exhibit plan 342; orna Lightning rods 280, ments, trade list 271; murals 350; Liles, Granville B. 373, place names 350; procurement 330; Lilienthal, Philip E. 165, 563, relics 328; rifles illus 141; Lincoln, Abraham 71, 269; assassination route map 283; scientific collections 71; biog info 438; port 71, 438, 349; supplies 9, Lincoln, Mary Todd 50, The Lewis and Clark Expedition by Lincoln, Mel 469, W. D. Vincent 71, Lindell, Peter 36, Lewis and Clark Historic Sites and Lindsdale, Jean M. 73, Markers compiled by Carl P. Russell Linford, Ernest H, 321. 339; bibl info 327; correspondence Lingelbach, William E. 96, 327; manuscripts 326, Link, Louis W. 328. Lewis and Clark Memorial 321; Fort Lipsey, John J, 21, 234. Clatsop 328; Salem, Or. photo 345, Liquor x Alcohol, Lewis and Clark Memorial, Fort Clatsop, Lisa, Manuel 42, 51, 68, 71, 110, 278, Oregon: Musewn Prospectus, with 279, 281, 282, 291; bibl info 287; compilation Historic Sites and Markers biog info 281; port 71, 151, 210, by Carl P, Russell 340, 520.

(97) INDEX

List of Lewis and Clark Materials at the A Look at Paper From the Beginning to End Missouri Historical Society by 277. Jerry U. Shimoda 339, Look What 's Happened to Air Guns by List of Wate1° Colour Drawings of Indian L. Cary 52, Life Alfred Jacob Miller 72, Look What's Happening to California Littell, Emlen T. 165, by Carl P. Russell 571, Little, Philo B. 288. Loomis, Noel M. 16. Little Mr. Nutria Grows Fur and Dollars Loomis, Orland S. biog info 439; obit by R. E. Pierre 56. 439; port 439, Little Turtle (Indian) 28, 63, 85, 270, Los Angeles, Ca. 300. 271; port 63, 85, Lost and Living Cities of the California Little Turtle, Traditional and Historical Gold Rush by Philip Johnston 300. 63. Lost Canyon illus 11. Littleton, John O. 167, 312, 371, The Lost Colony 97, Litton, Martin 563; comments on article Lost Dimension to the U.S. Fur Saga 363. by R. Wentz 195, A Living Link in History by The Lost U.S. Repeating Flintlock John C. Merriam 510, by H. L. Peterson 54, Lloyd, James V. port 498. Lottinville, Savoie 346. Lo, the Poor California Indians by Loucheux Indians 87. J. Welter 63. Louisiana (French) 280, 322. Local History: Its Importance and What Louisiana Purchase 111, 322; financing the Local Historical Society Can Do 322. to Preserve It by John A. Hussey 363, Louvigny, Louis de la Porte, Sieur de Locks Golcher 43; illus 28, (called Louvigny) 45, 280. Lockwood, Frank C. 70, Lowden, John, Jr. port 80. Lockwood, Francis Cummins 310. Lowden, Puella Covell port Bo. Lodge earth 63; earth illus 63, Lowe, Robert 328. Log of the Trip to Yosemite Valley from Lower Falls of the Yellowstone, Yellowstone Merced by Yosemite Transportation National Park, Wyoming by System 558, Carl P. Russell 571. Logansport, In, 312. Lowrance, Eunice 371, Logging 45. Lucien, Maxwell 286, Lompoc, Ca. 91. Luckett, William W. 20, London Proof House 251, Lummis, Charles Fletcher biog info 440. Long, John 280. Lundeberg, Philip 2. Long, Stephen Harriman 269, 281, 282; Luntey, Robert S. 372, biog info 269. Luppold, Mathias x Traps Luppold. Long Fort l 7. Lupton, Lancaster P. 280. The Long Knives of Collinsville by Lure of Motoring in the Far West by R. Wilcox 66. Carl P, Russell 571, 573; Long-Term Trends of Change Among the Luttig, John C. 42. Iroquois by W. N. Fenton 62. Lykes, Ira B. 369, 370, 375; biog info Longhorns of the Big Bend by 441. Robert M. Utley 509, Lyman, Lloyd G. 165, 234. Long's Exped 269, 281, 282, 284; bibl Lynch, Edmund 207, info 269.

(98) INDEX

Lynx 128; skins 299; skins, production McGillivray, Duncan 30. 261. McGillivray, Joseph 282. McGrath, H. K. 36; interview notes 294, McGrath, Mary A. 42. McGregor, John C. 16. Machados, Machadinhas, Picaretas, Alvioes, M Chibancas E Enxos 126. McHenry, Donald Edward 78, 469; biog info 445; port 445. McHenry, Douglas Bruce biog info 445; port 445. McAllister, Tom 41. Machetes 66; illus 66. McCagg, W. Ogden 19. Machine guns x Firearms machine guns. McCallurn, A. Boon 84. McIntosh, Arthur C. 80. McCarthy, Stephen A. 563, McIntyre, Robert N. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, McCary, Ben C, 50, 70, 168, 363, 366, 367, 368, 369, McCauley, John 367. 370, 374, 465, 499, McCleave, William 302. Mack, Effie M. 560. McClees, John V. 21, 22. Mack, Stephen 33, McClellan, George Brinton 246. McKagen, 0. H. 24. McClellan, Robert 43, 282. McKay, Douglas 365; port 445; McClellan, S. Grove 85. Sec'y of Interior 512. McCormack, John W. 516. MacKay, James 282. McCoy, Isaac biog info 523, McKay, Thomas 36, 276, 280, 286. McCracken, Harold 34, 36, 128. McKean, Thomas 70; port 70, McCrary, Paul F. 369, McKell, David Mc C, 63. McCrea, Mary Dunlop (Mrs, Archibald McCrea) Mackenzie, Alexander 39, 72, 262, 277, biog info 442; port 442. 278, 282. McCurry, H. O. 36, 162. MacKenzie, Charles 281, McCutcheon, John T. biog info 442; McKenzie, Donald 282. illus 442; port 442. McKenzie, John C. 363. McDay, Alexander 36, McKenzie, Kenneth 258, 261, 265, 274, McDermott, John Francis 84, 328. 276, 278, 288; port 209, McDonald, Angus 278. Mackinac x Forts Michilimackinac. McDonald, Archibald 282. Mackinac Island 312. McDonald, Finan 277, 286. Mackinaw Co. 282. McDonald, John 279, Mackinaws 3, McDougall, Duncan 33, 72, 241, 277, 280, McKinley, Kenneth W. 95, 282; biog info 241, 282, McKittrick Canyon (Carlsbad Caverns McDuffie, Duncan biog info 443; obit National Park) 372, 4ll, 443; port 443. McKnight, Shirley photo 331. McDuffie, Jean (Mrs. Duncan McDuffie) 443, McLaughlin, John S. 43, 238, 371, 372, MacFarland, Harold F. 54. 374. McFarland, Henry B. F. port 444. McLaughlin, William F. 26. McFarland, John Horace 449; biog info McLean, Donald D. 362. 444; obit 444. McLeod, Alexander R. 286. MacFarlane, Roderick 87; port 87. McLeod, John 282, 288.

(99) INDEX

McLeod, Kenneth xx Traps markings, Makers of the Middle West by Kenneth McLeod, J, A. Menaugh 68, 105, McLeod, Kenneth 275, The Making of a Collector by McLoughlin, John 36, 42, 43, 275, 279, W. H. Everson 52, 280, 281, 282, 286, 288; port 46, Making Presents to Snake Indians 151, 282. by A. J, Miller illus 150, McNulty, Mary Ann 167. Malaspina, Alejandro 72, Macon, Jean Baptiste 275, Malaspina Exped 284, 300, Macon, Ga. 83, Malecite Indians 28. McPherrin, William L. 520. Mallet (or pestle) illus 330, 345, McTavish, Donald 279, 282. Maloney, James E. 50, McVay, Alfred 363. Mammoth Cave National Park, Ky. 518. McWhorter, L. V. 17, Mammoth Hot Springs Museum x Yellowstone Macy, Preston B. 362, 363, 364, 369; National Park Mammoth Hot Springs port 445, Museum. Macy, William E. 2, 4, 5, 9, 27, 29, 32, Man is the Enemy by Joseph Wood Krutch 43, 131, 133, 140, 144, 145, 146, 147, 501. 150, 238, 272, 321; drawings 132, Managing Hwnan Use of Parks by Macy-Mulcahy drawings 321; publication Lemuel A. Garrison 549, rights 321. Manahan, Patrice 571, Madison Junction Exhibit Plan by Manassas National Battlefield Park, Va, Carl P. Russell 572, 518. Madison Junction Museum x Yellowstone Manassas to Appomattox National Battle National Park Madison Junction Museum. field Parks Tour in Virginia 548. Madison River Canyon earthquake, 1959 Mandan (Indian chief) port 333, 533, Mandan Indians 262, 263, 277, 281, 336, Magalia, Ca. 301. 342. Magdalena photo 153, Mandan Village (Slant Village, ND,) 323. Magdalena Records 362. Manitoba~ the Keystone Province 56, Magee, D. F, 54, Mann, E. B. 168. Magel, Charles, Jr. 321. Mann, Horace M. 2, 71, 162; port 71, The Magnificent Rodent by H. R. Gregg Mann, Robert biog info 207; obit 207, 46. Mann Edge Tool Co. hist 207. Maier, Herbert 329, 364, 366, 499; biog The Manoir Richelius at Murray Bay Quebec inf'o 466, 558, illus 92, Maize 63, 507. A Man's Guide to Knives by W. I. Fischman Major Codd and 'Army Ordnance' Wish Us 66. Well 127. Mansfield, Cotton 36. Major General Jesse Lee Reno and the Manucy, Albert 168, Civil War 17. Manuel Lisa by R. Edward criticism 71, A Majority of Scoundrels: An Informal Manuel Lisa Warehouse 36, History of the Rocky Mountain Fur Manuel Lisa's Warehouse by C, E. Peterson Company by Don Berry reviewed by 71. Merrill J, Mattes 370, Map drawing 79. Makers of History by F. Romer 55, Map makers 151, Makers of Modern America 265,

(100) INDEX

A Map of the Marked Historical Sites of Marryat, Frank (Francis) 285, California by Phil Townsend Hanna Marryat, Frederick 285, and William Webb 363, Marsh, John 303. Map of the Site of the Jefferson National Marsh, Roger 157, Expansion Memorial Showing the Lo,1ation Marshall, James W, (John) 300, 301. of Various Historic Sites and Buildings Marshall, Robert biog info 447; port by the NPS 320, 447; works bibl 447, Map with G. Herbert Smith's Explorations Marshall Gold Discovery State Park of the La Verendryes, 1738-1743 281. photo 304, Maps xx name of place mapped or title of Marshall Gold Discovery State Park by map. State of California 301. Maps 268; bibl info 277; fur trade Marshall Monument illus 153. period, description 268; fur trade Martens 128; skins 299; skins, pro- period illus 268; Green River and duction 261. rendezvous 244; hist 268; military Martin, Alex L., Jr. 363, units, distribution 240; rendezvous Martin, Louise C. 328. sites 243, Marvin, Cloyd Heck port 448. Marble, Charles ("Buckskin Charley") Masks 255, reminiscences of Yellowstone 532, Masland, Frank E. 371, 501. Marbois, Frangois de 111. Mason, George 72; port 72, Marbois on the Fur Trade, 1784 111. Mason, John 276, March, Peyton C. 54, Masonry Russian 363, Marchman, Watt 98. The Mass Urge to Hit the Road by Marcus Whitman and His Famous Ride 74. Carl P. Russell 573, Maria's River 323, Matches waterproofing 128. Mariposa Big Tree Grove x Yosemite Matchlock x Rifles matchlock. National Park Mariposa Big Tree Grove, Matchlock contrasted with Bow 253, Mariposa, Ca. 300, 305, 306; hist 579, Mather, Stephen Tyng 72, 414, 579; biog Mariposa County, Ca. 306; hist 305, 306; info 362, 369; caricature 498; port hist bibl info 306; map 301. 370, 422, 449, 532, Mariposa Indian Wars 568. Mathias, James F, 25, 160, 305, Mariposa-Miami Recreational Area, Sierra Mats 349, National Forest map 558. Mattes, Merrill J, 14, 24, 28, 34, 36, Mariposa Mining Region: 1849-1859 by 37, 42, 43, 63, 69, 70, 72, 73, 84, C. G. Crampton 305, 85, 89, 99, 109, 165, 168, 204, 243, Mariposa mining region map 306. 244, 283, 321, 328, 329, 342, 364, Maritime fur trade x Fur trade maritime, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373, Maritime fur trade xx Fur trade coastal, 375, 515; biog info 449; port 449; Marker in Tribute to Reverend Samuel writings bibl 449, Parker photo 95, Matthes, Frangois Emile 72; biog info Markers 281; Fort Michilimackinac illus 449; port 469; writings bibl 449. 280; historical x Historical markers; Mattison, Ray H. 62, 86, 109, 241. illus 203, Mavity, Nancy Barr 168. Markoe, Francis A, 33. Maxey, Chester C. 102. Markoe, James 33, Maximilian, Alexander Philip, Prince of Markstein, David 105, Wied-Neuwied 2, 282, 285; port 151, Marler, George D. port 446. Maxwell, Lucian Bonaparte 282.

(101) INDEX

Maxwell, M. S. 16, 28. Meldrum, Mrs. 36. May, Elizabeth 372. Melville, Emelie port 151. May, George S. 57, The Memoirs of Ray Lyman Wilbur Mayer, Frank Blackwell 284. reviewed 494. Mayer, Joseph R. 5, 6, 7, 8, 54. Memorial Monwnents and Tablets in Kansas Meach-o-shin-gaw by G. Catlin illus by George W. Martin 363, 32, 229, The Men Who Tamed the West by Mead, Albert D. 389. H. McCracken 128. Meadows, James 36. Menard, Pierre 281. Meagher, Thomas F. 72; port 72. Menaugh, John A. 68, 72, 73, 105, 158. Means, Thomas H. 80. Mendell, G. H. 79, Meat corned, recipe 128; drying illus Menendez de Aviles, Pedro port 87. 146. Menlo Park 92. Medallions 28. Menominee Indians 269, 281. Medals 32, 45, 65, 272; Astor 272; bibl Menor, Holiday H. 514. info 272; British 272; catalog 127; Menor, William D. 514. French 272; George II 272; George II Mentor Marsh, Oh. 518. illus 272; George Washington 272; Merced County, Ca. 305, George Washington illus 272; illus Merced River ferry 37. 150, 229, 272; James Madison 272; Mercer, Henry C. 57, Lewls & Clark Exped illus 349; Mercier, Fran~ois port 85. National Aeronautics and Space Admin Meriwether Lewis in Blackfeet Country istration Distinguished Service illus by Helen B, West 342. 272; Pitalesharu 1 s illus 272; Red Meriwether Lewis Memorial by Jacket's 272; religious illus 272; Dolores B. Jeffords 329, Thomas Jefferson 272; Washington, Mermoth, John Francis 328. Fort Harmar 272. Merriam, Clinton Hart biog info 450; Medals 65. obit 450; port 450. Medicine 263, 269; bibl info 268; kit Merriam, John Campbell 503; biog info illus 268; Lewis & Clark Exped 268, 451; obit 451, 492; port 451, 492. 330, 336, 349; patent, description Merriam, Lawrence Campbell 43, 243, 321, 268; prices list 268; sources list 329, 363, 368, 370, 371, 373, 429, 268; surgery, technig_ues 268; 468; biog info ¾52, 558; port 402. types list 268. Merritt, Hezekiah 294. Medicine Circle by A. J. Miller illus Mesa Verde Co. 160, 422. 146. Mesa Verde National Park 363, 389, 565; Medill, William H. 72; port 72, interpretive program hist 369. Meek, Joseph L. 34, 36, 42, 282, 283; Mescalero Indians 281. port 151. The Mess at Mackinac by G. S. May 57. Meek, Stephen Hall 288. Mexican War x War with Mexico. Meerschawns at the Ready by J. Vaughn Mexico 78, 105, 282; stone artifacts 507, 107. Miami Indians 62, 271, 313. Meet Benjamin R. Hanby! by E. R. Hoover The Miami Tomahawk Pipe by S. R. Williams 70. 45. Meeting the Problem of Parks by Mianus River Gorge (NY.-Ct.) 518. Carl P. Russell 573, Michael, Enid 362, 363, 385. Meinecke, E. P. 499, Michael, John 305,

(102) INDEX

Michaud, M, I. 36, Military Heritage of America by Micheltorena 36, R, E. Dupuy and T. N. Dupuy Michilimackinac 92, 282, criticism 26. Micmac Indians 28. Military History of Fort Churchill 14. 11 Midas 11 (partner of Henry Drought) 3 ·. The Military in the Early Far West by Miksch, Matthew 107, Carl P, Russell 240. Miksch Tobacco Manufactory x Tobacco Military Inn 127; illus 127, Miksch Tobacco Manufactory, Military Objections to Breech-loaders Miksch Tobacco Shop 107, 248. Miles, Nelson Appleton 5, Militia x Military. Military 6, 43, 48, 54, 80, 83, 84, 87, Millar, John R. 328, 109, 116, 240, 269, 277; arsenals Miller, Alden Holmes obit 453, list 269; Atkinson and O'Fallon Exped Miller, Alfred Jacob 34, 42, 72, 134, (1825) 269; bibl annotated 116, 135, 140, 143, 145, 146, 150, 153, 125; bibl info 8, 248, 269, 282; 241, 282, 284, 288; bibl info 284; bugle signals, music 142; buttons journey to Tetons 42; paintings 368; 127; buttons, catalogs 127; buttons paintings, value 72, 368; paintings illus 127; campaigns 21, 22, 24; and sketches illus 284; port 72, catalogs 127; departments list 282; 151, 284; sketches 368, 565, desertion 269; 8th Infantry 269; Miller, Carrie C, 34, equipment 45, 127; equipment catalogs Miller, David E. 72. 127; equipment illus 127; escorts Miller, George W. 17. for traders 269; expeds 269; fur Miller, H. G, mountain men illus 82. trade protection, recommendations Miller, Hugh M. 453, 282; hist 269, 291; illus (186?) Miller, Joseph 281, 282, 146; information, sources list 269; Miller, Leslie A. statement on Jackson insignia bibl info 272; •leaders Hole National Monument 516, list 227, 269; positions with arms Miller, Loye Holmes 362, 364, 369; bibl illus 142; rangers 269; recruiting info 369; Eastern Journal, Jan. 1921 269; relations, fur trade 269; 369; Fallen Leaf diary, summer 1919 religion 283; roads, construction excerpts 369; group photo (Yosemite, 269; soldiers, characteristics 269; 1920) 370; port 369, 370, 453; soldiers, miniatures 157; steamboats writings 453; Yosemite notes, 269; troops, distribution list 269; 1920-1921 369, uniforms 45, 132, 263; uniforms Miller, Maya (Mrs, Richard Gordon Miller) illus 142, 176, 261; uniforms, 1834 375, 453, illus 248; versus Indians 322; Miller, Pat H. 85, wages 269, Miller, Richard Gordon 372, 374, 375, Military Arms of the Fur Trade Period 453,557, by Carl P, Russell criticism 8. Miller, Thomas C. 371, 372, The Military Equipment of the Plymouth Millet, Jean Fran~ois 284. and Bay Colonies, 1620-1690 Mills, Cosie Hutchings 558, by H. L. Peterson 54, Mills, Enos biog info 369, The Military Frontier on the Upper Missouri Mills of the Sequoias by Lizzie McGee by R, H. Mattison 109, 510. Military Guns by Carl P. Russell criti The Mills on the Brandywine by cism 8. Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation 9,

(103) INDEX

Minear, Leon port 331. Missions (cont) Catholic 282; illus Miners gold illus 304. 153; Indian Raids, Pimeria Alta Mining 101, 303; copper 78; equipment 296; information, sources list 371; gold 77, 79, 80; gold, equip 282; San Gabriel 282, 286; ment 301, 304, 305; gold, equipment, San Gabriel illus 282; Sonora 367; hand-forged shovel illus 304; gold, Sonora bibl info 296; Twnacacori equipment, hand-forged sluice box 367; Whitman 283, rake illus 304; gold, equipment The Missions of Sonora by C. W. Herbert illus 304; gold, equipment, monitor 99, (giant) illus 304; gold, equipment, Mississippi River proposed parkway 518. seamless pan illus 304; gold, Missouri hist 85; map 327, hauling ore illus 307; gold, tech Missouri Fur Co, 262, 263, 269, 276, niques 300, 304; hydraulic 79; iron 279, 281, 282, 283, 288; hist 282. 80; lead 248; pack train illus 145; Missouri Historical Society 105, 321, quartz 80, 82; wages 82; Yosemite Missouri River 92, 323; head illus area 567. 148; maps, discussion 71; Three Forks Mining-camp Men 77. illus 283; Three Forks photo 153, Minitaree Indians 281. Mr. Astor Outfits the Army by P. C. March Mink 128; illus 128; skins, production 54. 261. Mrs. H. J. Taylor, 1863-1951 by Minter, Victor L. 162. Carl P. Russell 578, Minuit, Peter 282. Mitchell Map discussion 80. Minutes of Inter-Branch Conferences - Mitchell Pass illus, map 85. Branch of Research and Information Miwok Indians 63; illus 63, and Branch of Historic Sites by The Mobile Audience by Carl P. Russell R. E. Lee and Carl P. Russell 570, 573, Miquelet Lock 254. The Model Changes in Bronze Howitzers - Mirrors 268; Indian ornament illus 150; 12 Pounders 13. illus 150, 229, 268; ornaments, scalp The Model .6? Waenzl in the Boer Way lock 268; prices list 268; trade by J.B. Hughes 53, 268. The Model, the Prince, and the Civiliza- Mirsky, Jeanette 75, tion by Louis J. Halle 366. Miscellaneous Items Pertaining to Modoc Indians 63, St. Louis Arsenal 14. Mod,oc Indians 63. Miss Earlean James Serves Two Masters in Moe, Henry Allen 160. Planning by J. F. Evans 70. Mohawk Indians 36, 63, 255, 280, Mission La Purisima 91. Mollhausen, Heinrich Balduin (or Baldwin) Mission San Jose De Tumacacori by 72, 284; port 72, J. H. Tovrea 98, Money illus 149; scale case, rubbing Mission 66 501, 549, 552; Carl P, Russell 304; scales and weights illus 304. notes 512. Monigle, J, P. 21, Missionaries 271, 272, 282, 283, 296; Monitor (giant) illus 304. bibl info 282, 362; Indian attitude Monographs preparation 287, 282; Indian request for 282; list Monroe, Hugh 50. 227, 282. Monroe School for Artillery 246, Missions 99; Arizona 296; Arizona Montana state parks 328; tourist travel bibl info 296; California 282, 301; 42.

(104) INDEX

Montana Historical Markers by Morrison, D. S. 128. R.H. Fletcher 325. Morristown National Historical Park, NJ. Montaro, Antonio 276. 518. Monterey, Ca. illus (1826) 307, Morse, Edward P. 15, Montgomery, Richard 86; port 86. Morton, Stratford Lee 32 , 162, 321. Montreal, Canada 92, Mosby, John Singleton 72. Monuments architectural 105; historical Moskey, G. A. 362. 105; national 321, Mosquito nets Lewis & Clark Exped 349, Moore, Arline 328. Mother Lode 78. Moore, Jackson W., Jr. 26, 28. Mother Lode Country (Ca.) map 510, Moore, Lamar 64. Mother Lode Project xx California Project. Moore, Tredwell Woodbridge 13, 24; Mother Lode Project 300, 301, 304; map family hist 24; notes on 21. 470. Moose recipes 46; skins, production Mother Lo de trn-ms (Ca. ) 300, 301, 304; 261. photo 304. Moose Visitor Center x Grand Teton Motion pictures fur trade x Fur Trade National Park Moose Visitor Center. Motion Picture (proposed) by Moqui Indians 153, Carl P. Russell. Moqui Village, Az. illus 153, Moulds, Marion R. 162. Moraga family (Ca.) hist 471. Mt. Cannon, Glacier National Park, Moraine National Park xx Ice Age National Montana by Carl P. Russell 573, Scientific Reserve proposal. Mt. Conness (Ca,) 558. Moraine National Park proposed 518. Mt. McKinley Park (Ak.) photo 370. Moran, Thomas 72; bibl info 369; Castle Mt. Olympus National Monument 499. Geyser illus 460; chroma-lithographs Mt. Ophir (Ca.) mint photo 304. of Yellowstone Park 369; collection Mt. Rainier by H. E. Rensch 522. inventory 369; paintings 369; port Mt. Rainier National Park 365, 573; 72,- 460. hist 522; museums 369; 35mm trans Moran Collection 321; Yosemite 32, parency 360. Moravian Church 99, Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington Mordecai, Alfred 246; biog info 245, by Carl P. Russell 573, More Americans Must Realize We Face a Mt. Shasta 36. Crisis in Our Parks by Mountain climbing 104, 472, 501, 516, Carl P. Russell 566. 522. More Reports of the Fur Trade and Inland The Mountain Howitzer in the Annual Trade to Mexico, 1831 111. Report of the Ordnance Department 233, Morehead, Jack M. 374, Mountain Howitzers by F. I. Green 233. Morgan, Dale L. 37, Mountain lion 128; as food 265; illus Morgan, Richard G. 45. 265. Morgan, Robert, Earl of Carhampton 281. Mountain Men xx Traders. Mormon Trail 42, 92. Mountain Men xx Trappers, Mormon Trail by H. R. Driggs 92, Mountain Men 74, 75, 110, 148, 241, 282, Mormons 512, 527, 539; migration to Utah 287, 514, 516; amusements 258, 263; 81. as guides 263; bibl info 36, 263, Morris, Leavitt F. 363, 279, 282, 305; biog info 516; Morris, Thomas 72; port 72, California 286; California bibl info Morris County, NJ. 92, 305; California list 306;

(105) INDEX

Mountain Men (cont) clothing 138, 140; Mulcahy, James M. 2, 4, 5, 9, 27, 43, description 263; diet 261, 265; 72, 135, 138, 140, 143, 144, 145, diet, boudies, recipe 261; diet, 167, 230, 321. buffalo blood 261; diet, buffalo Mule deer head illus 143. fleece, recipe 261; diet, buffalo Mule Equipment by A. J, Miller illus intestines 261; diet, buffalo marrow 145. 261; diet, marrow and blood soup, Mules 145, 265; illus 145, 155; pack recipe 261; diet, sausages, buffalo illus 145, tenderloin, recipe 261; diet, Mulford, Walter obit 453, trapper's butter, recipe 261; eating Mulholland, W. D, 162. habits 261; encampment 138; encamp Mullady, Christopher C. biog info 455, ment, defensive barricade illus 140; Mullenberg, Joan 560, encampment illus 131, 140; encamp Muloey, Charles 328. ment, winter illus 140; equipment Multhauf, Robert P. 328. 263, 321; equipment list 263; Mulvany, John 75, greetings, method 159; guides, Munden, Ken 43, military 269; hardships illus 146; Munger, Asahel 36. illus 85, 131, 133, 146, 370; Munk, Joseph A. biog info 456; port Indiana 313; list 282; provisions 456. list 258; relations, government 269; Munk collection 456, relat"ions, military 269; rifles 291; The Murder of the Casner Brothers by speech 282; supplies list 276; P. J, Rasch 68. travel, hardships 159, Murdock, John R. 75, The Mountain Men, LeRoy Hafen, Editor Murdock, Nelson port 457, announcement 33; correspondence Murie, Olaus J. 458, 515, concerning 33, Murphy, Robert Cushman 72, The Mountain Men and Their Part in the Murray, Alexander Hunter 87, 284. Opening of the West by F. E. Voelker Murray, Charles Augustus 285, 75. Murray, James E. 367, 368. The Mountain Peaks of Colorado by Murray, James V. 26, R. W. Toll 78, Murray, Louis 42, 160. Mountain River Men by Frances Judge 514. Murray, Robert A. 24, 25, 26, 65, Mountain Speech in the Great Smokies The Museum in the Yosemite National Park~ 524. California by Carl P. Russell 573, The Mountaineers 362, 370, Museum of the Fur Trade, Nb. 37, 92, 93, Mountains Colorado 78, The Museum of the Nebraska State Historical The Mouth of Hoback Canyon photo 95, Society 93, Mayne, Ernest J, 367, Museum of the Plains Indian, Browning, Mt. Muench, Joyce Rockwood 105, 518. Mugs Challis 50; French illus 255; Museum of the Southern Plains Indians, Ok, illus 50, 6. Muir, John 300, 569; biog info 454; Museum of Time (Grand Canyon) proposal port 454, 371, 372, 512; proposal, evaluated, Muir Trail 558, Carl P. Russell notes 512; proposal, Muir Wood National Monument by rejected 373, J, Barton Herschler 518. Museum of Westward Expansion x Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.

(106) INDEX

Museum Philosophy and Practice of the Muskets (cont) H. E. Leman of Lancaster, National Park Service by Pa, illus 141; Hudson's Bay Co. Merrill J, Mattes 504. 5; illus 11, 52, 55, 171, 234; Museum Prospectus for Lewis and Clark Indian 251; Indian illus 251; Memorial~ Fort Clatsop~ Oregon by Indian, Ml807 252; Indian, Ml807 Carl P. Russell 337, 338, 339, illus 252; loading 248, 251; long Musewn villages 504. barrelled illus 6; Mackinaw, trade Museum Work as a Field of Professionalism 6; Manuel Lisa's 251; matchlock by Carl E. Guthe 574. illus 52; military 248; military, Musewns 90, 249, 574, 576; Chateau de British illus 252; military, speci Ramezay 78; Colorado State 111; fication 248; Mexican 254; Ml795 dioramas, preparation 390; European illus 142; Ml812 167; M1816 248; 567; European, Carl P. Russell's notes M1835 248; Ml835 illus 248; Ml84o 508; exhibit labeling 372; exhibit 248; musketoons 53, 248; musketoons preparation 390; fur trade, proposed illus 25, 53, 248; musketoons, Ml839 238; Hagley 178; History-land 238; illus 142; parts illus 248; per Oregon 328; programs 28; visited by formance 248; production list 248; Carl P. Russell 257, Queen Anne 7; sights 253; sitting Museums and Private Collections containing fox (ornament) 6; snaphance 8, 9, the Steel Traps Studied in CPR's 253; snaphance illus 127, 141; 'Traps ' 201. spanhance, lock illus 253; snap Museums of the Outdoors by Carl P. Russell hance, Oriental illus 141; snap 536, hance, origin 254; Spanish 254; Musgrove, Jack W. 328. Spanish illus 141, 254; Springfield Musical instrwnents 268; Lewis & Clark 248; trade 5, 7, 236, 253; trade, Exped 349, Derringer 251; trade illus 7, 236; Musketoons x Muskets musketoons. trade, Ketland 251; trade, length Muskets 55, 167; accidents 251; acci 253; trade, W. Chance & Son 251; dents, types 251; ar~uebuse 253; use 248, 251; use by Indians 253; Barnett, trade, 1869 illus 25; Whately 6, 7; Whately, description Bartlett 5; blunderbuss 5, 9, 24, 7; Whately illus 7, 8; Wheel-lock 53, 127, 252; blunderbuss, Belgian illus 52, illus 141; blunderbuss, Ethan Allen's, Muskets at Astoria~ 1813 253, description 252; blunderbuss, Muskrat 56, 128, 268; illus 56, 128; Ethan Allen's illus 252; blunderbuss recipes 128; skins 299; skins, pro illus 53, 127, 141, 179, 252; blunder duction 261; skins, value 268; buss, Lewis & Clark Exped 252; spearing, methods 264. blunderbuss, use 252; British pattern The Muskrat by D. E. Lantz 56. 248; Brown Bess 6, 7, 251, 252, 253; Myers, Charles A. opinion on Jackson Hole Brown Bess illus 251, 253; buffalo National Monwnent 516. gun 53; buffalo gun illus 53; cadet The Mystery of the Stone Towers by 248; carbines 6, 251; carbines illus F. C. Hibben 105, 251; carbines, Jenks 248; decorations Mystic Seaport, Ct. 518. 251; escopepa illus 171; firing The Myth of the Fremont Howitzer by 248; flintlocks x Flintlocks; French D. Jackson 233, 253; H. E. Leman of Lancaster, Pa. 5;

(107) INDEX

National Muzzle Loading Rifle Assoc, 168; shoot 10; shoot (announcement) 5. The National Old Trails Road by N J. M. Lowe 548. National Park Concepts by Carl P, Russell 574. The National Park Idea Around the World by Carl P. Russell 574, NBC Party Arrives for Filming 333, The National Park Idea~ 1833-18?2 Nadeau, Gabriel 66. by Carl P. Russell 369, 574. Nails 87, 264; hatchet nail pull illus The National Park Idea in Germany 45; illus 210; nailheading tools by Carl P. Russell 508, 574. illus 45; prices 264; production National Park movement 460; leaders 210. port 460. The Name and Nature of 'E Cla.mpus Vitus' National Park Police 457, by M. Robbins 74, National Park Service 28, 498; admini Names of Firms Supplying Trading Goods stration 580; administrative officers to the Hudson's Bay Company prior to lists, 1925-1964 376; architecture 1821 list 111. in parks, policy 570; areas admini Napoleon of the West by M, J, Mattes 69, stered 363, 546, 547, 548; beginnings Nasatir, A. P. 42. 449; bibl info 502; biog data sheet Matchez Trace 93; maps 93; slide 360. 367; Branch of Natural History, 1947 Natchez Trace Parkway 518. map 376; Branch of Research Informa Natchez Trace Parkway Survey 93, tion, July 1940 map 376; business Nathaniel Wyeth's Fort Hall by concessions, policy 536; conservation R. G. Beidleman 83, policy 499, 557, 575; correspondence, National Academy of Sciences report on procedure 553; criticism 502; need for increased NPS research 505, critique of policy and organization The National Conference on State Parks by Carl P, Russell 570; custodial 369; by Conrad L. Wirth, 1955 556, responsibilities 566; custodian National Council for Historic Sites and training school 557; development Buildings by-laws 362. under Secretary Ickes 432; directors National Forest Service 485, 501; land port 460; Division of Design and conservation 549; professionalism Construction, areas served 548; 370; wilderness areas 499, Division of History and Archeology Nationals Forests recreation use, 1924- 312; divisions chart 364; employee 1961 372; recreation use, 1962 372, safety program 495; engineers 435; National Geographic Society esprit de corps 495; Field Naturalist Carl P. Russell membership 469. 364, 365; general administration National Historic Landmarks 37; eligi training course, programs 577; guide bility 550; listing 546. manuals 520; historian-archaeologists National Memorial Broadcast in Honor of list 372; Historic Sites Branch 570; Stephen Tyng Mather historical research policy 328; National Monuments by Carl P. Russell historical writings 577; hist 369, 574. 460, 502, 539, 557, 568; hist bibl info 569; hist bibl 502;

(108) INDEX

National Park Service (cont) hist notes National Park Service (cont) synopsis by Carl P. Russell 373; hist writing of objectives and methods 577; projects 373; interpretation 362, trainees lists 557; training center 364, 506, 547; interpretation bibl programs 367, 368, 557; training 369; interpretation philosophy 371; center programs, curricula 557; Interpretation Branch organization training center programs, leaders' chart 470; Interpretation Division guides 557; twenty-fifth anniversary reorgranization 370; Interpretive 552, 546; 25th Anniversary Program Planner 364, 366; interpretive 502; Western Office, Division of planning 503; interpretive planning, Design and Construction, personnel museum 504; interpretive program list, 1957 376; wildlife conserva 364, 373, 507; interpretive program tion program 575; World War II 362, hist 369, 568; Interpretive Standards 543, 549. Committee (1960) 372; interpretive National Park Service Academy 373, training center, proposed 371; legis National Park Service Conference, 1926 lation hist 502; meetings, minutes photo 371, 554; Midwest Region, progress report, Nationai Park Service EnrpZoyee's Handbook 1964 552; museum exhibits, furnishing 567. plan policy 328; museum planners Nationai Park Service Museums map 499, 372; musuem planning 504; Museum The Nationai Park Service Progr(JJrl of Specialist 367; Museum Specialist, Conservation for Areas and Structures duties 470; museums 37, 362, 372; of Nationai Historicai Significance mystic (sic) of service 427; natura by Alvin P. Stauffer and list training 366; naturalists 570; Charles W. Porter 548, need for increased research 549: Nationai Park Service to State Parks by newsletters 551; 1926 staff photo Ben H. Thompson 556, 371; organization and functions chart Nationai Park Standards statement by 364; Park Practice Program 441; Park Conrad L. Wirth 553, Superintendents, caricatures 498; The Nationai Park System by personnel directories 376; personnel, Carl P. Russell 574, 1941 558; philosophy 411, 575; National Parks xx name of specific planning 570; policy 574; publica national park. tions 575; publicity and public National Parks 444, 498, 499, 501, 509, relations 575; publishing 363; 510, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, Research and Information Branch 570; 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, ranger training 366; Region Four 525, 527, 528, 531, 532, 546, 547, Office personnel list, 1957 376; 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, Region One, organization chart 470; 555, 556, 557; administration 570; Region Three, abs prepared by administrative histories list 373; Erik K. Reed 507; Regional Offices, appropriations 570; archeological description 399; regionalization and historical areas 363; archeologi 552; reorganization 371, 373, 374, cal sites list 549; beginnings 565; 375; reorganization, 1937, press business concessions 362, 363, 499; release 558; response to bill to business concessions, buildings 570; abolish Jackson Hole Monument 515; churches 549, 558; conferences 555; salary rates 362; student trainee conservation 549; construction pro program 570; grams 364; dams 365, 387, 411, 499, 500, 512; deer 549; ecology 576;

(109) INDEX

National Parks (cont) educational work National Parks (cont) research 372, bibl 505; elk 549; engineering 549; 505; roads 362, 367, 368, 576; Europe 508; funding 363; future roads, policy 570; roadside inter 566, 573; game management 500, 549, pretation 362, 573, 574; role in 550; Germany 508; Germany map 582; American security 568; scientific Germany philosophy (1935) 508; reserves 372; standards 553; traffic grazing 363; grazing, sheep 369; congestion 364; trails 578; trail historic sites 500; hist 369, 503, side exhibits, nature trails and 536, 566, 569, 570, 573, 577, 578, observation stations 578; training 580, 581; hist bibl 369; hunting centers 557; Utah 527; values 549; controversy 549; in other countries visitor attendance 363; Western 369; interpretation 503; interpreta United States 547; wildlife 579; tion conferences 503; interpretive wildlife, legislation 549; wildlife planning 366, 570; interpretive pro management 549, 552, 553; wildlife grams 363, 367, 369, 553, 565, 569, management, report 373; wildlife, 573; interpretive programs hist 565, preservation 549; wildlife, surpluses 571, 576, 577; land management 549; 370; World War II 552, 581; zoning land preservation 549; legislation proposals 367. 549; legislation hist 472; legisla National Parlrn, Africa description 386. tion, 1963 372; logging 362, 365, National Parks and New World Idealism by 411, 500, 501; Mission 66 369; misuse Arno B. Cammerer 549. 565; mountain climbing 512; museum The National Parks Assoc 568; executives planning 367; museums 362, 369, 390, port 460. 449, 499; museums bibl 370; museums, National Parks in America's Conservation exhibits 534; museums, founding 389; Program by Carl P. Russell 574. museums, goals 504; museums, hist The National Parks in Wartime 370, 504; museums list 504; natural by Carl P. Russell 574, hist research program 371, 505; The National Parks in Wartime by the NPS Northeast Region, report, 1962 372; 552, orientation device slide 360; over The National Parks Start Back by development 501; overuse 363, 501, Newton B. Drury 549. 556, 565, 574, 575, 579; park manage The National Registry of Natural History ment 549, 550, 553, 556; park manage Landmarks guidelines 553, ment, conference 555; park planning The National Registry of Natuxial History 549; parkway master plans 575; Landmarks by C. Kenny Dale 500, percentage of total area of U.S. 546; National Science Foundation training philosophy 362; policy 362; policy, program in field ecology-environmental Carl P. Russell's notes on 565; science, brochure 557; training pro policy hist 574; post-war planning gram in field-ecology-environmental 362; private lands in 549; public science, report 557, hunting in 370; ranger-naturalists, National Wilderness Preservation System duties 362; ranger-naturalists, Bill 364, 368. Yosemite 363; rangers, Yosemite hist The Native or 'Wild' Herds of Buffalo in 369; recreation bibl info 499; Yellowstone National Park by recreation areas 411; recreation use Carl P, Russell 574, 499, 549, 550, 576; recreation use by The Native Sons of Kansas City, Mo. soldiers, WWII 503; restoration of Fort Osage 520.

(llO) INDEX

Natoma, Ca. 301. New York State Museum and Science Service Natural History Landmarks Registry 547; Carl P. Russell's correspondence guidelines 553, 316. The Nature Conservancy 500. Newell, A .. Donald 54, Nature Guide Movement (1919-1920) xx New Amsterdam 139, Goethe, Charles Matthias, New Bedford, Ma, 80. Nature Guide Movement (1919-1920) 369, New Echota, Birthplace of the American 506; commemorative plaque photo 370, Indian Press 518. Nature Guide Service 362, 523. New France 78, 139, Nature guiding bibl 369; California A New Lewis and Clark Map by chronological list 369; hist 569; Donald D, Jackson 341. Sequoia National Park 371; Yosemite A New List of Books on Military History National Park 370; Yosemite National 116. Park photo 369. A New Look at Wells Fargo, Stagecoaches Nature Study League 362. and the Pony Express by Nature therapy 389, W. T. Jackson 58. Nature trails 364. New Mexico 93, 100. Naval Gun Factory 17, New Mexico, Land of Enchantment by Naval uniforms British 42; British D. Woodward and J. H. Feth 93, bibl info 42. New Mexico Made Easy by H. C. Holling 93, Navarre, Pierre 312. New Netherlands Co. 255, Near the Mouth of Hoback Canyon photo New Orleans, La. 91, 105, 95, New Sweden map 282, Neasham, Aubry 244. Newell, Robert 33, 36, 282. Nebraska hist 85, Newhall, Beaumont 75, Nebraska State Historical Society pamphlets Newhouse, Sewell 276, 325. Newhouse Trap Co, 275; production figures Neck bands horse illus 271, list 276, Necklaces 32; illus 150, Newhouse-Oneida Beaver Traps by Ned Buntline Made the West Wild by S, H. Holbrook 108. C. Hewes 53, Newspapers 157, 159, 299; California Needles copper 255; illus 264. 308. Neiderheiser, Clodaugh 2, Newtown, Ga. 83. Neilson, Keith P. 370, 413, 459. Ney, Virgil 54. Nelligan, Murray H. 16. Nez Perce Indians 3, 55, 270, 277, 279, Nelson, Frederic 515, 281, 283, 336. Neuberger, Maurine B. port 331. Nichols, Maurice B. 362, 375, 468. Neuberger, Richard L. 63, 108, Nidever, George 282, 283, 286. Nevada fossil beds 364; hist 301; Niza, Fray Marcos De 370, mammals 362. No Rifles in New England 249. Nevada Militia in the Civil War 22. Nonsuch (ship) 281. Nevada State Fish and Game Protective Norman, Mr. (character in Altowan by League 362, W. D. Stewart) 288. Nevada Territory 22. Norris Geology Room x Yellowstone National New York hist 86, Park Norris Geology Room. New York Historical Society 42. Norten, Josephine 8, New York State Historic Assoc 86. North, Simeon 247.

(111) INDEX

North American Fur Trade Conference 43. Notes on Tredhlell Moore and Tredhlell North Cascades Park proposal 518. Woodbridge Moore 14. North Dakota History, January-April, 1955 Notestein, Frank B. 11. 342. Nowlen, John L. 26. North Pass 282. Noyes, John Humphrey 276. North-South Skirmish Assoc 16. Nusbaum, Jesse L. 389, 459; caricature The Northward Spread of Horses Among the 498. Plains Indians by F. Haines 62. Nutria 56, 268; bibl info 268; Northwest x Pacific Northwest. California 286; illus 56; skins North West Co. 6, 36, 37, 39, 45, 82, 299, 261, 262, 268, 270, 272, 273, 274, Nye, James W. 22. 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, Nymeyer, Robert 31. 283, 288; forts list 282; posts list 368; token 149, The Northwest Company by W. D. Vincent 56. Northwest History by W. D. Vincent 94. 0 The Northwest Territory 94, Northwest trade gun x Rifles Northwest trade gun, The North West Trade Gun by J. C, Ewers 52. Oakland, Ca. hist 300. Norton, William 50, Oberhansley, Frank R. 14, 15, 201, 368; Notes on Early Days in Yosemite by obit 457. John Degnan 558. Oberlaender Trust 362, 508. Notes on Fremont by F, I. Green 233. O'Brien, Robert 56, 158, Notes on French and American Models of Observations Concerning the Conservation the Mountain Howitzers 13. of Monuments in Europe and America Notes on Mountain Howitzers by by Hans Huth 499. F. I. Green 233. Ocmulgee National Monument, Ga. 28, 519, Notes on Ordnance of the American Civil 520. War, 1861-1865 by H. L. Peterson 0 1 Conner, Jack 168. 55, Odessa Meteor Crater, Tx. 519. Notes on Primitive Currencies in Use in Oehlmann, Hilmer 362, 363, 365, 501, 559, North America by A. Woodward 45. Of Garry Owen in Glory by M. C. Chandler Notes on Roadside Interpretation Accom criticism 190. plished in Certain States with Funds Of Lore and Leather 58. Appropriated by State Legislatures O'Fallon, Benjamin 278, by Carl P. Russell 574. Ogden, Adele 79, Notes on Sewee Indians and Indian Remains Ogden, H. A. 42. by A. K. Gregorie 62. Ogden, Peter Skene 36, 41, 42, 72, 140, Notes on the Baker Rifles by R. Marsh 261, 275, 278, 282, 283, 286, 288; 157. port 72, 151; routes of travel 148. Notes on the Jacob Rifles by R. Marsh Oglethorpe, James Edward 82. 157. Oh Pioneers, Oh Pioneers by R. McGill 261. Notes on the Oregon Trail by F. C. Fox O'Harra, Cleophas C, 77, 95, Ohio 95, 99,

(112) INDEX

Ohio Cherishes Her Rich Historic Tradition Olmsted, Frederick Law, Jr. bibl info 95, 460; biog info 460; obit 460; Ohio Firea1°ms by D. Hunter, Jr. 53. port 460. Ohio Gun-Makers-Artisans by R. C. Wheeler Olmsted, Frederick Law, Sr. 72; bibl 55. infor 460; biog info 460; port Ohio, P1°ize of the Revolution by 460. K, W. McKinley 85. Olsen, Robert W., Jr. 50, Ohio State Archaeological & Historical Olsen, S. J. 31. Museum 2. Olsen, Sigurd F. 373; port 461. The Ohio State Archaeological and Histori Olympic National Forest 499. cal Society Division of State Memorials Olympic National Park 363, 365, 574; 95. logging 500, 549; mining 549. Old Abe (cannon) illus 137, The Omaha Hand Game and Gourd Dance by The Old Carreta illus 155. J. H. Howard 62. Old Courthouse Restores Its Famous Wimars Omaha Indians 49, 62, 281, 336. by R. E. Hannon 74. On the Manufacture of Tobacco Pipes 152, Old Dartmouth Historical Society 80, The Once Indispensable Gun-Rest by Old Faithful Museum x Yellowstone National P. B. Jenkins 54. Park Old Faithful Museum. One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of Old Fort Laramie by E. E. Stevens illus the Starting of the Covered Wagon 84. Trip ... by G. J. Bates 94, Old Fort Niagara, NY. 546. 100 Tons of Snuff by D. Walton 107. Old Fort Nisqually 85. 100 Years in Yosemite by Carl P. Russell Old Fort Stevenson, A Typical Missouri advertisements 559; copyright, River Military Post by British 559; correspondence relating R.H. Mattison 86. to 559; illus 559; proposed fourth Old Mint, San Francisco 519., edition (1966), correspondence Old Philadelphia:· Redevelopment and regarding 564; publication 559; Conservation by W. E. Lingelbach 96. reviews 559; revisions 558; second Old Reliable by C. N. Hess 53. edition (1947), correspondence The Old St. Louis Riverfront 98. relating to 560, 561; second edition The Old St. Louis River Front by Jefferson (1947), galley proofs 562; second National Expansion Memorial 322. edition (1947), publication 561; The Old St. Louis Riverfront, 1763-1960 second edition (1947) illus 562; by Don Rickey, Jr, 322. second edition (1947) reviews 560; Old Santa Fe and Vicinity 98. second edition (1947), reviews list The Old Spanish Trail map 148. 560; second edition (1947), revisions, The Old West Comes Home for a Last manuscripts 561; second edition Roundup 15, (1947) royalty statements 562; source The Oldest Legislative Assembly in America material 558; third edition (1958) and its First Statehouse by 563; third edition (1958), correspon Charles E. Hatch, Jr. 513. dence relating to 563; third edition An Oldtimer Looks at the Frontiers by (1958) illus 563; third edition Eivind T. Scoyen 502. (1958), printing and copyright agree Olive family 96, ments 563; third edition (1958), Olive jar Spanish 507. reviews 563; third edition ( 1958) , revisions manuscripts 563; third edition (1958) royalty agreement 563,

(113) INDEX

One of One Thousand by W. Depperman 52, Oregon treaty 282. Oneal, Charles Herbert obit 46l. Oregon's 100 Years in Pictures: 1859- Oneida Community l08, 276; bibl info 1959 compiled by Nancy Bedingfield 276. 34l. Oneida Community, Inc, 41, 191; traps Oregon's State Capitol by E. Snell 95, production, graph 201. The Origin of Maize by D. A. Suhm 63, Oneida Indians 108, 273, 280. Orinda, Ca. 471; aerial photo 471, Onondaga Indians 271, 272; port 45. Orkneymen 282, Ontario, Canada early man site 507, Ornaments 24, 32, 65, 270, 271, 272, Opossums 128; illus 128; recipes 128. 277; bibl info 32, 270, 271, 272, Order for the More Exact and Uniform 277; crosses 32; hair illus 271; Discipline and Government of the hair pipes 277; illus 65, 144, Garrison 330. 150, 229, 270, 272; Indian 2, 45, Ordnance 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 207, 270; iron 264; making 270; 22, 26, 45, 55, 116, 233, 245, 246, markings 272; markings illus 270; 252; bibl info 26, 246; development mirrors 268; prices list 270; 246; officers lists 12; officers, rolls, copper 271; rolls, copper Mexican War 22; Rocket & Howitzer illus 27l; shoes illus 271; silver Co., Mexican War 16; school 246. 45; silver, trade 270; trade 316; Ordnance Department 12; hist 248. trade bibl info 316; trade, English Ordnance Manual 11; pages 22. 270; trade, French 270; trade illus The Ordnance Museum 22. 316; trade list 271; value 45, Oregon 79, 95; bibl info 282; hist 84, Ortenburger, Leigh 36, 341; map 36, l48; map (1859) 582; Osage Indians 32, 269, 272, 281, 520. mountain men list 282; settlement Osborne, Douglas 28. 282; state parks 342; state parks, Osborne Russell's Party at Old Faithful, Ecola 325, 1839 illus 153, Oregon Caves National Monument 510. Osceola (Indian) 272, Oregon City and West Linn, Oregon by Osgood, Wilfred H. · obit 461. W. D, Welsh 95, Oswald West State Park, A State Park with Oregon Coast photo 345, a Seventeenth Century Hallmark by Oregon Outdoor Guide map 363. W, A. Langille 342. The Oregon Plan for the Observance of the Oto Indians 336. Old Oregon Trail Centennial 95, Ott, Charles F. 375, Oregon Provisional Government 75. Ottawa Lake ( Lac Court Ore ill es) 36. Oregon Trail 36, 42, 81, 84, 95, 97, 99, Otter 79; skins 299; skins, production 243, 282; near Guernsey, Wy. slide 261. 360. Otter, sea 282, 283, 286, Oregon Trail Centennial 95, Our .45 - It Carries a Wallop by Oregon Trail Crossing photo 95, J. A. Menaugh 158, Oregon Trail Lecture by Carl P. Russell Our National Park Policy: A Critical 243. History by Carl P. Russell 574, Oregon Trail Memorial Association, Inc. Outdoor Recreation Resources Commission 105, 367. Oregon Trail Monument, South Pass Outdoor Recreation Resources Commission photo 95, Bill 367, The Oregon Trail Through Pottawatomie Outdoor Recreation Resources Review County by William E. Smith 363, Committee 372, 500, 501.

(ll4) INDEX

Outdoors - U.S.A. 500. Park naturalists hist 369; Mt. Rainier Overly, Fred J. biog info 462. hist 369. Overstreet, P. L. 54, 55, Park rangers hist 369. Overstreet, W. C. 54, 55, Park Service Has Role in History Field Owens, Dick 36, 286. by H. Raymond Gregg 321. Oxen 265; illus 145, 155; shoes, Parker, Arthur C. 5, rawhide 265. Parker, Harry C. 2, 364, 375, 566, 578; Ozark Rivers National Monument proposed biog info 405, 465; obit 465, 575; 519. port 405, 465. Parker, Katherine (Mrs. Harry C. Parker) 465. Parker, Samuel 42, 95, 282, 283, 285, 288; plaque photo 95; port 151, p Parker Brothers x Rifles Parker Brothers illus. Parker, Field and Co. 1868 x Rifles trade, northwest. Parkinson, William H. biog info 464. Pacific Fur Co. 277, 281, 282. Parkman, Francis 85, 285. Pacific Northwest 94. Parks Are For People by Conrad L. Wirth Pack, Charles L. 362. 549, Pack train stampede 261. Parks for Appreciation of Country by Packing 274; horses 274; mules 272; Carl P. Russell 575, piece 274. Parrish, Philip H. 95, Packsaddles 274; illus 145; Mexican Parsons, James 90. illus 145, Parsons, John E. 54, 162. Paden, Irene D. 160. Part of First Furnace in U.S.A. Uncovered A Painter of Yosemite by Fritiof Fryxell 57. 536. The Part Played by the National Park Painting Indian illus 62. Service in the National Wildlife Paintings by James Walker 72. Conservation Program by The Paintings of Alfred Jacob Miller 72, Carl P. Russell 575, Paladin, Vivian A. 328. Partisan origin of term 282. Palisades Interstate Park, NJ. 465; map The Partisans map 148. 465. Partnership at Jamestown by Palmer, Andy 127; port 127, J. C. Harrington 89, Palmer, George A. 168, 364. Passehl, C. R. 5. Palmer, Theodore Sherman 80; obit 463, Passing into Antiquity by C. Hanson, Jr. Palmer, Thomas 48. 8. Palmieri, Mrs. Henry J. 24. Patch boxes illus 250. Palouse Indians 30, Pathfinders to Northwest by Pani Pique by G. Catlin illus 83. H. McCracken 128. Pankow, A.H. 363. Pathways of Western Expansion map 148, Panorama - Harry Shaw Hewman Gallery 195, 284. Patraw, Preston P. 466; biog info 376. Paper production 277. The Patrick Ferguson Breech-loading Flint Paradise, Ca. 301. lock Rifle by W. C. Overstreet and P. L. Overstreet 54, 55,

(115) INDEX

Paterson, A. J, family hist 20, Personal Weapons of the Traders and Pattie, James Ohio 75, 285, 286; routes Trappers by Carl P. Russell criti of travel 148. cism 6, 7; preparation 43, Pattie, Sylvester 286. Persons xx name of specific person. Pauley, Edwin M. 432, Persons 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 227; Paullin, Charles O. 74, 102, biol annotated 117; list 227, Paulson, Norman 24. 228; port, sources list 228. Pawnee Indians 32, 38, 62, 263, 272, 281, Perspective in National Park Affairs Paxson, Edgar Samuel 72, by Carl P. Russell 575, Payette, B. C. 329, Peter Lassen, Northern California's Payne, John Barton port 449, Trail-Blazer by Carl P. Russell 575, Peabody, Henry 36, Peters, Cal N. 8, 162. Peaceful Conquest: Story of the Lewis Petersburg National Military Park, Va. and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 by 521. Kelsie Ramey Osborne 342. Peterson, Charles E. 36, 37, 43, 71, 73, Peale, Titian Ramsay 72, 284. 88, 96, 244. Pearson, Drew 432, Peterson, Charles L. 329, 333; port 331, Pearson, T. Gilbert obit 465, Peterson, Eugene T. 28, 57, 67. Peattie, Donald Culross obit 465, Peterson, Harold L. 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, Peckham, Howard H. 72, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 28, 31, 32, 34, Pelton, Archibald 281. 42, 43, 54, 55, 167, 168, 171, 197, Pelts xx hides and skins. 204, 239, 245, 279, 367, 368, 374, Pelts xx names of fur-bearing animals. 546; biog info 157, Pelts 109; care of 128. Peterson, J. Hardin 515; statement on Pemmican 258, 261, 265; bibl info 261; Jackson Hole National Monument 516. origin of term 261; preparing illus Peterson, William J. 327, 328. 136, 146; recipes 128, 261; value Petrides, George A. 108. 261. Petrified Forest photo 521. Pendants illus 271, Petroglyphs 37, 49, 85. Pennsylvania Flintlock Rifle by Pettrich, Ferdinand 284. R. Ackerman 158, Pettyjohn, Mrs. N. 19. The Pennsylvania-Kentucky Rifle Peyster, J. Watts de 54, by H. J. Kauffman criticism 18; Phelan, Catherine E . .162. letter of praise 17, Phelps, Dawson A. 37. Penknife x Knives pocket, penknife. Philadelphia 96. Percussion caps x Ammunition percussion Philadelphia (gunboat) 2, 6. caps. Philipson, Joseph 278, Percussion System in England 252. Phillips, J.M. 563. Performance of the Muzzle-loaders by Phoenix Buttons by W. A. Colwell 270. Carl P. Russell 25; criticism 25, Photographers pioneer 370, 373, 425, Perkins, George Walbridge obit 465; 433, 460, 532. port 465. Photography eQuipment, early darkroom Perot, Nicholas 264, 267. photo 433. Perry, Harold E. biog info 465, Physicians 50. Perry, Milton F. 11. Pickering, Timothy 43. Perry, William L. 374, Pickett, James C. 48. Perry at Put In Bay 507. Pico, Jose Antonio 79,

(116) INDEX

Pico, Pio 19, Pipes (cont) IroQuois illus 255; Picture Books of Fur Trade History by kiln, firing illus 273; Lewis & Carl P. Russell x Fur Trade history Clark Exped illus 349; mfg 62, picture books (proposed) by 152, 273; markings illus 273; Carl P. Russell. meerschaums 101; meerschaums illus Piegan Indians 63, 213, 219, 281. 107; metal 213; molds 32; molds Pierre, Robert E. 56. illus 229; portrait type illus Pigments 214; bag illus 214; bibl info 213; Powhatan 107; Powhatan illus 214; boxes illus 214; eQuipment, 101, 213; prices 273; Scottish 2; painting 274; illus 229; paint 274; Solomon Juneau's illus 273; pouch illus 274; tattooing, pro steatite 213; stone illus 213; cedure 274; value 274; vermillion stone, mfg 273; trade, British 273; 299; vermillion, Chinese 274. trade, Dutch 273; trade, French Pike, Tom 28, 213; turbaned head 2; Virginia 101; Pike, Zebulon Montgomery 28, 282, 285, Virginia illus 273; wood 213. 281; bibl info 269; port 151, Pipestone 255, Pikes 264, 269; illus 264. PiroQues x Boats piroQues. Pike's Expedition Mississippi (1805-1806) Pistols 6, 24, 25, 55, 234, 247, 291; 269; Southwest (1806-1801) 269. air 52; air illus 52; axe, combina Pilcher, Joshua 42, 56, 269, 274, 216, tion 259; axes, combination illus 278, 281, 282. 259; belt 247; belt illus 247; Pimeria Alta 296. bores 241; calibers 247; cannon Pinkley, Frank caricature 498; obit 467. barrels 43; cannon-barrels illus Pioneer Artists Record the West as It Was 141, 253; cap and ball 247; cap and 72, ball illus 247; Cochran Turret 1, Pioneers Antelope Valley 13; Antelope 254; Colt 9, 52, 53, 55, 241; Colt, Valley illus 11; California 300, contracts 241; Colt illus 9, 52, 303, 305, 306; women, Yosemite, 1856- 54, 55, 141; Colt, patent 241; Colt, 1900 list 375, patent drawing illus 247; Colt, Pioneers, Hunters, Trappers and EX[Jlorers prices 254; Colt revolver 53, 247; 75. Colt revolver illus 247; Colt Pioneers in Petticoats by Shirley Sargent revolver, patent drawing illus 247; comments by Carl P. Russell 375, Colt revolvers illus 53, 241; Colt Pipes, F. biog info 369. revolver illus 247; Colt revolver, Pipes, Nellie B. 244, patent drawing illus 247; Colt Pipes 38, 43, 61, 107, 119, 152, 273, 299, revolvers illus 53; Colt ,31 illus 329, 349; bibl info 273; British 25; Colt .36, Navy illus 25; Colt illus 28; calumet illus 213; cat .44 illus 25; Colt .45 illus 25; linite 273; clay 61, 273, 297; clay Colt-Paterson 161; Colt-Walker Ml839 illus 67, 259, 291; clay, three 241; Colt-Walker Ml839 illus 247; dimensional object 352; clay, Colt-Walker revolver illus 291; Virginia 8; decorative illus 152; cylinders 241; Deringer, Henry 158; French 2; German 2; hair 272; hair deringers 158; deringer, Sharps, illus 212; hist 273; holders 273; replica illus 52; dueling, English illus 32, 62, 101, 152, 229, 213; 253; dueling, percussion 253; dueling, Indian 62, 273; Indian illus 28, percussion illus 253; dueling sets 325, 328; inscriptions illus 213; illus 141; 1826 North (Harpers Ferry, 1821) 253; English 7;

(117) INDEX

Pistols (cont) French 141, 247; French, Pistols (cont) revolvers, Leavitt 254; Ml777 247; French, Ml777 illus 247; revolvers, Leavitt illus 254; Hall, breech-loading 247; Hall, revolvers, Smith & Wesson 254; breech-loading illus 247; Harpers revolvers, Smith & Wesson .45 illus Ferry 5, 7, 234, 247, 253; Harpers 25; revolvers, use 247, 254; screw Ferry illus 253; holster 247; barreled 253; screw-barreled illus holster illus 247; horse 253; 253; sights 247; sights illus 247; horse illus 253; horseman's lists Smith's (Jedediah) 253; Spanish 248; illus 25, 52, 54, 55, 127, 174, illus 141, 254; types 247; use 176, 247, 291; illus by 247; value 247; wheel-lock 52; Carl P. Russell 234; Kentucky 7, wheel-lock illus 127. 247; loading procedure 247; mfgs Pistols in a Woodshed by L. Cary 52. 247; markings 247; martial 247; Pi talesharu (Pawnee Indian) 272. martial hist 247; martial lists Pi thous es 507. 247; martial, secondary 247; military Pitts, Vemba Taylor port 13. 253; military, German illus 253; The Place of the National Park Service military illus 253; military, per in Nature Conservation by cussion illus 250; military, use Carl P. Russell 575, 269; Ml799 247; Ml799 illus 245; The Place of the National Park Service Ml805 247; Ml805 illus 247; Ml807 in the Scheme of Conservation by 247; Ml807 illus 247; Ml808 247; Carl P. Russell 575, Ml808 illus 247; Ml810 247; Ml810 Placer County, Ca. 301; map 301. illus 247; Ml811 247; Ml811 illus Places x name of specific place, 247; Ml813 247; Ml813 illus 247; Places bibl 228; bibl annotated 118; Ml816 247; Ml816 illus 247; Ml818 list 227. 247; Ml818 illus 247; Ml819 247; Plains Silver Breast Ornaments 65. Ml819 illus 247; Ml826 247; Ml826 Plainsmen Carried These 66. 247; Ml826 illus 247; Ml836 247; The Plainsmen of the Yellowstone: A Ml836 illus 247; Ml842 247; Ml842 History of the Yellowstone Basin by illus 247; muff 253; muff illus Mark H. Brown reviewed by 253; navy 247; navy illus 247; Merrill J. Mattes 370, parts 247; parts illus 247; peace Plants breeding, in United States 423; makers illus 16; pepperbox 7, 254; flowering 507; gro:wing non-native pepperbox illus 52, 254; percussion species 362. 247; percussion illus 127, 247; Plates (firearms) x Firearms plates pocket 247; pocket illus 12, 247; illus. Queen Anne 6, 7, 43, 253; Queen Anne Platt National Park, Oklahoma by illus 7, 253; Remington ,36 illus Carl P. Russell 575, 25; Remington .44 illus 25; revolvers Platte River 96, 135, 282. 5, 247, 254; revolvers, cap-and-ball The Pleasant Valley War by E.W. Krueger 53; revolvers, cap-and-ball illus 76. 53; revolvers, Cochran 254; revolvers, Pleistocene era faunal divisions 507. Colt 5; revolvers, Colt, 1848 Model Plumsteel, Margaret 162. 21; revolvers, flintlock 52, 247, Poates, V. 0, 9, 254; revolvers, flintlock, Collier Pocahontas 50, 254; revolvers, flintlock, Collier Poe, Edgar Allen 285. illus 254; revolvers illus 54, 127; Point, Nicolas 30, 84; journals commented on 368.

(ll8) INDEX

Point of Reunion, ND. 323. The Pottery from the Kansas Monument Site Point Reyes, Ca. 301. by C. S. Smith 62. Point Reyes National Seashore land Potts, Daniel T. 282, 283. acquisition 372; proposed, contro Potts, Merlin K. 369, versy 522; proposed illus 521. Powder and Ball for the Fur Brigades by Points in Germany, Austria, Switzerland Carl P. Russell correspondence and Belgium visited by Carl P. Russell, concerning 2; criticism 6. 1936 maps 508. Powder flasks 43; buffalo 7; Hudson's Poison ivy treatment 128. Bay Co. 7; Hudson's Bay Co. illus Polk, James K. port 151, 8; illus 178, 291, 349; rawhide 7; Pollard, Lancaster 162. Stimson, 0. H. P. illus 141. Pompey's Pillar 323. Powder horns 4, 252, 319; illus 52, 252, Ponca Indians 272. 291. Ponce de Leon, Juan 81. Powder River Exped 36. Pond, Peter 280, 282. Powers , Mabell 63. Pony Express 1, 58, 81, 95, Powhatan Indians 37, 43, 50. Pony Express Marker at Register Cliff La Prairie des Chiens 96. photo 95. Prairie Du Chien xx Forts Shelby. Pony Express Memorial Plaque photo 95, Prairie Du Chien 96, 269, 279, 280, 282. The 'Poor Potter' of Yorktown by Prairie National Park proposal 521. C. M. Watkins and I. N. Hume 50. The Prairies Revisited; A Re-estimation Pope, Charles S. 328, 329, of Josiah Gregg by R. Horgan 70. Popo Agie oil spring 282. Pratt, George 0., Jr. 40. The Population of Mexico in 1793 by Pratt, William 278. S. F. Cook 61. Pratte, Bernard 278. Porcupines population cycles 507; Pratte, Chouteau, and Co. xx American quills, removal 128. Fur Co. Porringer pewter illus 263, Pratte, Chouteau, and Co. 277, 278, 282. Port Royal Habitation 87, Preis, Anton xx Blades Preis. Portages 274; equipment 274, 299, Preis, Anton 28. Portages Between Great Lakes and A Preliminary Bibliography on the American Mississippi map 274. Fur Trade by J. C. Ewers 122. Porter, Charles W., III 370, 467. Preliminary Exhibit Plan for Lewis and Porter, Mae Reed (Mrs. Clyde Porter) 34, Clark Memorial, Fort Clatsop, Oregon 72, 244, 368. by Carl P. Russell 336. Porter, Sylvia 501. A Preliminary Hypothesis on Mountain Porter x Alcohol. Howitzers by F. I. Green 13. Possible Sack 263, Preliminary Report on the Integration Possible Solution of the Virginia Dare Experiment at Rocky Mountain National Mystery by H.J. Pearce 97, Park, 1956 by Richard G. Beidleman Possum x Opossums. 549. Potawatomi Indians 271, 279, 313. Preliminary Survey of the History and Pots illus 267; iron, cast, Lynn illus Physical Structure of Fort Vancouver 267; steatite 37; try illus 267; by John A. Hussey 530. whaling illus 267. A Preliminary Survey of the Influence of Pottery 50, 507; colonial 50; illus 50; White Men on the Vegetation of Yosemite mfg 50; salt-glazed 50; Southwest Valley by Robert Gibbens comments on abs 507, 371.

(119) INDEX

Presents for Indians 64. Prisoners of the Indians by The Preservation and Use of Historic and E. M. McLean 87, Architectural Monuments in the United Private Lands in Yosemite National Park States by Ronald F. Lee 552. by Carl P. Russell 575, Preservation of Historic Districts by Proceedings of the Fur Resources Manage Architectural Control by John Codman ment Section of the North American 500. Wildlife Conference, St. Louis, Mo., The Preservation of Historic Sites and 1937 56, Buildings by J. Thomas Schneider Proctor, A. Phimister 104. (1935) 499. Progress Toward Interpretive Objectives The Preservation of Park Values: Are During 1954 by NFS 364. National Park Service Areas Faced Project Supervisors' Conference, National with Permanent Impairment from Park Service, 1957 Carl P. Russell's Excessive Use? by Carl P. Russell 575, notes 553, Preservation of Primary Values by Project to Protect the Navigable Waters Natt N. Dodge 549. of California from the Effects of Preservation of Primary Values by Hydraulic Mining by G. H. Mendell Carl P, Russell 575, 79. The Preservation of Wilderness Areas Projectile points 59; illus 59, by C. Frank Keyser 501, Promontory Swnmit, Ut. special report Preserving America's Heritage of Historic 521. Sites and Buildings by the National Proof marks x Trademarks. Council for Historic Sites and Buildings The Properties of the Lewis and Clark Buildings 54 7. Expedition, 1803-1806 by Preserving Our Architectural Heritage Carl P. Russell 339. by Orin M. Bullock, Jr. 499, Proposed Museum of the American Fur Trade Preserving the Design for Americans 103. by Carl P. Russell 238. The Presidio, San Francisco 98. Proposed Program of Objectives for 1955 Presnall, Clifford C. 37, 369, 559; by National Park Service 364. biog info 467. The Protection of Cultural Resources Presses screw x Fur presses screw; Against the Hazards of War by the wedge x Fur presses wedge, Committee on Conservation of Cultural Preston, John C. 305, 363, 367, 373, 374; Resources 549. biog info 467; port 467. Prouty, Andrew M. 24, 137, 141. Preuss, Charles 285. Provost, Etienne 283, 288. Price, Glenn W. 369, Prucha, Francis Paul 9, 87, Price, Jackson E. 371, 372, 515. Pryor, Nathaniel 72, 282; port 72, 151. Price, Ray 433. The Public Conscience and Man-Made Blight Price, Raymond S., Jr. 197, by Carl P. Russell 575, Prince, John S. 33. Public recreation bills in Congress, Princess Margaret's Royal Crest illus 1963 372. 279, Publications of the Bureau of American Princess of Wales (A. Mackenzie's wife) Ethnology, 1951 to December, 1963 277. 113. Prints 105. Pueblo, Co. l, Printz, John 282. Pueblo Indians 63. Puget's Sound Agricultural Co. 282.

(120) INDEX

Purdey, Thomas 158. Radisson-Groseilleurs Fort (Wi.) 363. Purses buckskin illus 274; leather Rae, William Glen 43; port 151. illus 274. Rafts x Boats. Putnam, Rufus 280. Raine, William MacLeod 55. Pyramid Park, Where Roosevelt Came to Rakes illus 144. Hunt by Olaf T. Hagen and Raleigh, Walter 103; port 103. Ray H. Mattison 521. The Raleigh Tavern 103. Pytchlynn by G. Catlin illus 83. Rames, Jac~ues Lax LaRames, Jac~ues. Rarnpart Cave, Az. fossils 507. Ramsey Canyon, Az. 522. Rancho La Brea-Hancock Park, Ca, 522. Randolph, Hans M. biog info 369. Q Range of the Beaver map 134. Ranger Mosby by V. C. Jones criticism 72. Ranges of Mountain Howitzer 21. Ranney, William 284. Quaife, Milo_Milton 33, 92. R~pe (or rappee) X Snuff. A Quaker Mission Among the Indians Rare Early California Drawings 72. by K. Troxel 63. Rasbach, J. B. 4, 321. Quakers 63. Rasch, Philip J, 68. A Question of Patriotism by Rasps x Files, Harold Bell Wright 500. Rath, Frederick L. 2. Questionnaire on Desirable Training for Rattles illus 271, Park and Recreational Errrployment Rattlesnake Hills 42. San Jose State College, 1957 366. Ravenswaay, Charles van x van Ravenswaay, A Quiet Bastion by J. Walls ~8. Charles. The Quiet Crisis by Stewart L. Udall Rawhide 274; making 128; use 291. reviewed 490. Raymond, I. W. 537, Quimby, George I. 12, 42, 57, Razors French illus 31; illus 31. Quirt illus 265. Read, R. B. 63. Reading, Pierson B, 303. The Real Andre 265. The Rebuilding of San Miguel at Santa Fe in 1?10 by G. Kubler 98. R Recipes xx specific items prepared. Recipes 128; Colonial Virginia 442. Recollections of a Septuagenarian by W, Waldo 74. Recollections of Thirty-two Summer Seasons Raccoon (ship) 278, 279, 280, 282. in the Ranger Naturalist Service Raccoon 128; illus 128; skins 299; by Enid Michael 363, skins, production 261. Record of Persons Killed While Engaged in The Race to Publish Lewis and Clark by the Fur Trade and Inland Trade to Donald D. Jackson 341. Mexico - 1815-1831 111. Rackstraw, Elsie 117. Records of the Office of Indian Trade Radisson, Pierre Esprit 281. microfilm 354,

(121) INDEX

Records of the Office of the Qua:t'ter Rendezvous of the mountain men defini master General Record Group Number 92 tion 42, 140; description 288; microfilm 355, 1825, Henry's Fork, Green River 42, Recreation in National Parks 288; 1826, Cache Valley 283; 1828, by Carl P, Russell 576. Bear Lake 42, 258, 279; 1829, Popo Red Bluff, Ca. 302. Agie 42, 282, 288; 1830, Popo Agie Red Cloud port 77, 3, 36; 1832, Pierre's Hole 3, 42, Red River Colony 281, 283, 279; 1833, Green River 3, 36, 131, Red River Settlement 49, 288. 140, 145, 148, 258, 262, 263, 288; The Red River Settlement by A. Ross 1834, Ham's Fork, Green River 282, notes by R. Gulick 49. 288; 1835, Horse Creek, Green River Redwood Highway proposed 501; proposed, 148, 264, 281, 288; 1837, Horse Creek, H. M. Albright's opinion 381. Green River 148, 258, 288; 1838, Redwood National Park proposal 501, 522; Wind River 288; 1839, Horse Creek, proposal, controversy 501. Green River 148; 1840, Horse Creek, Redwood tree (Sequoia serrrpervirens) 501, Green River 148; illus 46, 146, 510; characteristics 518; photo 510. 288; list, by years 288; origin 288; Ree Indians x Arikara Indians. sites 110; sites, Bear Lake 153, Reed, Earl H. 312. 279, 280, 288; sites, Cache Valley Reed, Erik K. 63, 169, 507, 153; sites, Green River 110, 153, Reed (or Read), John 281, 282. 261, 276, 279, 280, 281, 282, 360, Reed's River x Boise River. 363; sites, Ham's Fork, Green River Register Cliff 95, 97, 153, 281; sites, Henry's Fork, Green Registered National Historic Landmarks River 153; sites maps 148, 195, Program 312; eligible sites list 243; sites, Pierre's Hole 95, 153, 499, 159, 279, 282, 283, 287; sites, Popo Registry of National Landmarks, 1964 546. Agie 153, 282; sites, Wind River Regnery, Dorothy 26. 153, 282, 283, Reid, Kenneth A. 515, 516. The Rendezvous Period of the American Fur Reid, Mayne 73, 285; port 73, Trade by Carl P. Russell 244. Reid, Russell 15, 234, 329, 363, Reno, Jesse 20, 22; family hist 20. Reighard, Jacob obit 467; port 467. Reno High School, Reno, Nv. reminiscences Reluctance of U.S. Military to Drop the 468. Flint Lock 248. The Reno Petition by J. S. Gray 75, Remington, Frederick 73, 138; port 73. Rensch, Gene 309, Remington in Kansas by R. Taft 73, Rensselaer, Kiliaen van 255, Reminiscences of A. C. Comparet A Report by the Advisory Committee to the by B, K. Roberts 109, National Park Service on Research The Rendezvous by A. J. Miller illus by the National Academy of Sciences - 146. National Research Council 549. The Rendezvous, Near Green River, Oregon Report of Carl P. Russell on European Trip, by A. J, Miller illus 153, 1936 508, 567, Rendezvous of Indian tribes 42; illus Report on Historic Sites in the Cavins 146. Point Reservoir Area, Missouri River Rendezvous of the mountain men 42, 84, by Ray H. Mattison 324. 110, 244, 282, 288; bibl info 288; Report on Historic Sites in the Oahe council meetings 288; Reservoir Area, Missouri River by Ray H. Mattison 324.

(122) INDEX

Report on the Integrity of Glorieta Pass Rifle Making in the Great Smokies Battlefield, New Mexico by by A. I. Kendall 54. Robert M. Utley 512. Rifle Making in the Great Smoky Mountains Report on the Preservation of Mountain by A. I. Kendall 54. Culture in G1°eat Smoky Mountains Rifle Sight Rock photo 449. National Park by Hans Huth 524. Rifles 5, 14, 54, 55, 249, 250; air 52, A Report on the Second Season's Excava 54; American bibl info 248; Arnerican, tion at Waiilatpu by T. R. Garth 102. 1803-1841, specifications 248; Reports of the Fur Trade and Inland Trade American hist 249; ammunition, to Mexico, 1831 111. Indian 5; Apache 5; Astorian 367; Representative Fur Returns, American Fur Astorian, long illus 196; BB 52; Company, Indiana, 1839-1841 214. Baker 157; Baker illus 157; Barnett Republican Pawnee Village, Nb. 28. 5; Barnett, 1805 6; Barnett, 1822 Research and Education in the National 368; Belgian trade gun 5; Belgian Parks by Harold C. Bryant and trade gun illus 5, 141; Boone's, Wallace W. Atwood, Jr. 505. description 127; Breech-loaders Research and Planning for Biotic Manage 248; Bridger I s illus 141; Billing ment by Gunnar 0, Fagerlund 499. hurst revolving, description 8; Resorts or Wilderness? by British 5; British bibl info 248; Devereux Butcher 501, British illus 141; British ordnance Restoration of Schoenbrunn Vi Uage 99. 5; carbines 248; carbines, Hall's Rettie, J. C. 372, 19, 248; carbines, Hall's, description Revealing Parks to People by 248; carbines, Hall's, .58 caliber Carl P. Russell 576. 19; carbines, Hall's illus 142; Revolutionary War 137, 322; illus 137, carbines, Hall's, Ml833 19; carbines, Revolvers x Pistols revolvers. Hall's, production figures 248; Reynolds, Dewey A. 5, 162. carbines, Hall's, specifications 248; Reynolds, Thomas 50, carbines, 1702 249; carbines, 1702 Reznor, Jacob 42, 281, 282, 283. illus 249; CO2 (gas) 52; Carson's Rhodes, John J, 371, 25; Carson's illus 249; cases 5; Rhodes, Joseph 73, Civil War illus 141; cleaning 25; Ribeiboo (or rubeiboo) x Pemmican. Colt 248, 254; Colt, description Rice, T. R. 372, 254; Colt illus 254; Colt, revolving Richards, Homer C, reminiscences 515. 167, 248; Confederate, Hall 248; Richards, Robert L. 10. contracts, Deringer 248; contracts, Richardson, Joseph 270, 271, 272, Government 251; contracts, list 250; Richardson, Willis 81. damaged 248; decorations 5; Deringer Richest Treasure Trove 54. 248, 250; description 5, 6; Richot x Pemmican. Drouillard 1 s 291; East India Trading Rickey, Don, Jr. 321, 371, Co. 5; effectiveness in war 2; 1833 Ricks College 83. 5; 1841 13; 1865 5; Ellis 8; The Riddle of Meriwether Lewis by Ferguson 42, 234; Ferguson, breech W. H. Hutchinson and loader illus 55, 234; Ferguson Richard H. Dillon 350, illus 234; Ferguson, performance Riding Herd on History by Dale White 363, 234; flintlocks x Flintlocks; fowling The Rifle and the Indian 250. French 7; fragments 17, 251;

(123) INDEX

Rifles (cont) French 5; fusils 26; Rifles (cont) Ml814 illus 142; Ml817 Garand 158; Garand illus 158; 142; Ml817, contracts 248; Ml817, German illus 234; Golcher illus production figures 248; Ml819 248; 21, 250; Harper's Ferry illus 142; Ml819 illus 142, 248; Ml824 illus Hawken 10, 25, 28, 31, 43, 53, 249, 142; Ml833 illus 142; Ml841 25, 291; Hawken bibl info 249; Hawken, 248; Ml841 illus 142, 248; muzzle characteristics 291; Hawken, con loading 291; muzzle loading, struction 25; Hawken, description accuracy 25; muzzle loading, char 25; Hawken illus 24, 141; Hawken, acteristics 249, 291; muzzle loading, parts illus 141; Henry 5, 7, 17, cleaning 249; muzzle loading, 19, 250; Henry illus 141; Hicks ignition 249; muzzle loading illus Collection illus 141, 142; Hudson's 141; muzzle loading, targets illus Bay 14; illus 5, 25, 52, 55, 127, 25; muzzle loading, tests 25; 141, 142, 171, 174, 175, 176, 196, muzzles, false 249; Nez Perce 5; 198, 229, 234, 249, 291, 582; Indian North West fuke 14; Northwest trade 45, 250, 291; Indian, description gun 8, 9, 13, 14, 21, 25, 43, 52, 250; Indian illus 141, 196, 250; 54, 251, 291, 328, 367, 368; North Indian, painted 14; Indian, prices west trade gun illus 52, 142, 137; 250; Indian, surrendered 250; Indian, Northwest trade gun lists 21; use 250; Jacob 157; Jacob illus paper-shell barrels 5; Parker 157 ;· Johnson illus 142; Kentucky Brothers illus 141; parts 25, 250; 5, 25, 28, 52, 53, 234, 249, 253; parts illus 25, 141, 142, 176, 198, Kentucky, description 28; Kentucky 229, 248, 250, 251; parts, rubbings illus 11, 52, 234, 249; Kentucky, 250; patents 5; Pennsylvania 14; parts illus 141; Kentucky, perfor percussion 5, 249; percussion illus mance (War of 1812) 249; Lancaster 249; performance 249; plains (or 10; Lawrence, patent 5; Leman 5, plain) 6, 7, 14, 17, 24, 26, 249; 250; Leman illus 250; long-barrel plains bibl info 249; plains, 5; long-barrel illus 141; mfgs makers list 249; plains, special illus 54; mfgs, Pennsylvania 250; 249; problems 25, 52; proving, trade, markings 6, 8, 25, 26, 251; markings Sargent & Sons 251; ramrods 253; illus 26, 141, 175, 198, 251; match Remington 10; Remington, Rolling lock 235, 253; matchlock, Dutch 253; Block 10; repair 291; repair illus matchlock, French 253; matchlock, 175; Revolutionary War 5; revolving, German 253; matchlock illus 53, 127, Billinghurst illus 254; revolving, 253; matchlock, mechanism illus 291; Cochran illus 254; revolving, matchlock, Spanish 253; matchlock, Nicholas & Childs illus 254; revol Swedish 253; matchlock, use 253; ving, Warner illus 254; rifling Meek I s 5, 249; Meek I s illus 249; 291; Rigby & Co, illus 141; Russian military 52; military, British, des 249; saddle 249; St. Louis 31; set criptions 252; military, British trigger 249; set trigger illus 249; illus 252; military illus 53, 142; Sharps 5, 53; Sharps illus 53; military, inspections lists 248; Sharps, patent 5; Sharps carbine, military, purchases list 291; Ml Ml859 illus 25; Shawneetown 11; 158; Ml illus 158; Ml4 158; Ml4 Sioux 5; Sitting Bull's 26; Spring illus 158; Ml800 248; Ml803 illus field, 1864 7; Springfield, 1866 7; 142, 248; M1808 illus 248; Springfield, 1869 illus 141;

(124) INDEX

Rifles (cont) Springfield, 1873 7; Rings ear 271; ear illus 270, 271; Springfield illus 141; Tonti, ear, wheel illus 271; finger 270; Henri de 5; trade 5, 52, 235, 250, finger hist 270; finger illus 251; trade, Barnett, 1805 5; trade, 270; illus 150, 229; nose, wheel Barnett, 1833 6, 251; trade, Bar1ett, illus 271; signet illus 270. 1833 illus 251; trade, Barnett, 1868 Ringtail cat 128; illus 128. 251; trade, Barnett, 1868 illus 251; Ripon College, Wi 469. trade, Barnett, repositories 251; Riptides : The Hudson 's Bay Company in trade, Belgian 251; trade, Belgian California by R. O'Brien 56. illus 251; trade, Birmingham 7; Rites Dedicate Fort Clatsop~ Reminder of trade, Bond 251; trade, Bond illus Historic Journey 332. 251; trade, Bondie illus 141; trade, Ritzenthaler, Robert E. 38. British 251; trade, contracts 251; Rivalry Between Artillery & Ordnance 248. trade, descriptions 251; trade, The Road to Cibola by C. Sauer 78. French 251; trade, Henry 251; trade, Road to the Future 557. Hudson's Bay Co. 251; trade, Hudson's Roads to Cibola by New Mexico State Bay fuke 6; trade illus 175, 198; Highway Commission 93, trade, J, Hollis & Son 251; trade, Roadside Interpretation in Missouri 363. J. Hollis & Son illus 251; trade, Roanoke Island 97, mfgs, American 251; trade, mfgs, Robbins, Millie 72, 74. European 251; trade, northwest 5, 6; Robert Abels Bowie Knife Collection 129, trade, Parker Field & Co. 251; trade, The Robert Abels Catalogue of the Howard procedures 6; trade, repositories K. Brown Cannon Collection 127. 251; trade, Sargent & Co. 5, 7, 201; Robert E. Lee and Fort Pulaski 521. trade, utility 251; trading post 5; Roberts, Bessie K. 109, types list 248; U.S ..Cartridge Company Roberts, Frank H. H., Jr. 9, 28. Company Collection illus 141; U.S. Roberts, Harold K. biog info 472. Springfield Ml863 5; U.S. Springfield Roberts, William I., III 42, 43. Ml873 5; use 248; use, effect 252; Robertson, John G. 36, 73, value of 26; wheel-locks 253; Robidoux, Antoine 37, 280, 283, 286; wheel-locks illus 253; William Clark biog info 512. Rifle 371; Winchester, 1866 7; Robidoux family bibl info 283. Winchester, 1873 7; Winchester illus Robidoux Inscription 37, 85, 283; photo 53, 141; Winchester, M73 52; Winkler 283. 11; Winkler illus 11, 141. Robidoux Pass map 85. Rifles Furnished to Indians by Robidoux's Trading Post at 'Scotts Bluffs' Carl P. Russell criticism 6. and the California Gold Rush by Rifles Regiment 248. M. J, Mattes 85. Rifling 248, 249, Robinson, Bestor port 472. Rifling roaching Hawken 249; Hawken Robinson, E. Allen 370, illus 249; illus 174. Robinson, Edward 42, 281, 282, 283. Rigby & Co. x Rifles Rigby & Co. illus. Robinson, H. Henry Martin 30. Riley, Bennett C. 269. Robinson, Harry B. 42, 75, 363. Riley, James 73, Robinson, J. W. 70, Riley, Tom 63. Robinson, W.W. 100. Riling, Ray 167, 168. Robinson, William G. 3, 11, 238, 328, Rindisbacher, Peter 284. 363,

(125) INDEX

Rock carvings x Petroglyphs. Roosevelt, Theodore 532; in Yosemite Rockefeller, John D., Jr. 103, 472, 516; 558. port 489. Roots as food 265. Rockefeller, Laurence 375, Roper, Laura Wood 72, Rockets 22, 245. Roping the Bear by J. Walker illus 74. Rocks composition 577; igneous, formation Rose, Edward 283. and decomposition of 577, Rose, Isaac P. 285. Rocky Mountain Fur Co. 3, 110, 159, 263, Rose, Robert H. 362, 363, 366, 371, 372, 276, 278, 281, 282, 288, 370; adver 373, 472; port 396. tisement, transcript 282. Rosebud River, Mt. 323. Rocky Mountain National Park 363, 522, Rosebush, Waldo E. 55, 168. 549; museum photo 522. Rosenstock, Fred A. 237, Rocky Mountain National Park~ Colorado Rosoff, B. M. 168. by Carl P. Russell 576. Ross, Alexander 42, 49, 282, 283, 285, Rocky Mountain Trapper by B. Burrows 288. illus 138. Ross, Horatio Nelson port 77, Rocky Mountains 159. Ross, Hunter 37, Rocque, Fran~ois Lax LaRocque, Fran~ois. Ross County's Little Known Indian Years Rodes, Howard D. 2. 1?52-1774 by D. McC. McKell 63. Rodriqu~z, Ramondo 147. Rough D1°aughts for Notes to Indian Rogers, Edmund B. 27, 35, 42, 104, 363, Sketches by A. J. Miller 72. 364, 373; biog info 472. Roule, Louis 468. Rogers, Fred B. 70; port 70. The Route of the Expedition of Hernando Rogers, Harrison G. 277, 292. DeSoto illustrated map 76. Rogers, James Speed obit 472; port Routhier, Henriette Reynault 33. 472; writings, bibl 472. Routhier, Jean-Baptiste 33. Rogers, Robert port 86. Routhier, Sophie 33, Rogers, William 50; inventory of his Rowland, Earl 32. estate 50. Roy, Jean Baptiste 73, Rogers on Fremont 70. Royce, Josiah 24. The Role of the Fur Trade in the Acquisi Rubbaboo xx Pemmican. tion of Oregon by Carl P. Russell Rubbaboo discussion.of the term 32. 243, 516; criticism 243. Rudkin, Charles 32. The Role of the Horse by R. M. DenHardt Ruesch, Walter C. caricature 498. 58. Ruffner, Margaret C. 210. Rolette, Joseph hist house restoration Rumley, Gail 81. 43. Rundlets 4. Rolfe, John 107. Rupert House 275. Rollins, Philip Ashton 282. Russell, Carl Parcher as conservationist The Romance of Leather and Its Irrrportance 469; autobiographic material 568; to Mankind 56. biog info 190, 191, 237, 269, 376, The Romance of the Mackinac Country by 558; dispersal of personal materials M. M. Quaife 92, by NPS 465; European trip, September Romer, F. 55, 5-December 3, 1936 508; European Romney, George 36. trip, September 5-December 3, 1936 Ronalds, Francis S. 7, 9, map 582; honorary degree at Ripon Roop, Isaac 24. College 469; manuscripts, partial list 581;

(126) INDEX

Russell, Carl Parcher (cont) memorial service, June 27, 1967 469; port 168, 362, 469, 485, 498, 502; research 469; resume of projects undertaken for NFS 468; writing:· xx under specific titles; writings 565, s 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581. Russell, Charles M. 73, 146; port 73, Russell, Clinton A. 5, 162. S & S Firearms x Firearms S & S. Russell, Donald 8, 10, 168, 370, 371, Sabers x Swords sabers. 372. Sacajawea 36, 272, 329, 350, Russell, Elizabeth Westphal Sacajawea State Park, Wa. slide 360. (Mrs. Carl P. Russell) 469, 486; Saddles 42, 65, 269, 274; Andre type port 469. 265; Andre type illus 265; appishi Russell, Francis B. 63, 80. more 265; bags 269; bags illus Russell, Gaborne 42. 265; bibl info 265, 269; blankets Russell, John 80, 266. 269; Carson's 265; cavalry 269; Russell, John E. So; farnily hist So. cavalry illus 269; English illus Russell, Joseph 80. 269; French illus 269; Gallatin Russell, Nathaniel 80. illus 269; hist 265; illus 58, Russell, Osborne 36, 263, 265, 276, 280, 265; Indian 58; Indian illus 55, 281, 283, 288; route of travel 288; 58; McClellan, description 269; route through Yellowstone (1839) McClellan illus 269; Mexican 283, illus 269; nomenclature 269; pack Russell, Richard Westphal 373 1 469, 19, 42, 265; pack illus 265; prices Russell, William 269. 265, 269; Spanish illus 269; Russell Cutlery Co. x Knives Russell stirrup illus 265; stock 58; Cutlery Co. Turkish illus 269. Russian American Fur Co. 282; bibl info Sage, Rufus B. 285, 282. Sager, Merel S, biog info 473, Russian Guns in Alaska, Early 19th Saggers 273, Century 249. Saguaro Park Museum 366. Russians 56. St. Augustine, Fl, 81, 82, 98; illus 82. Russians in North America is Book Theme St. Clair, Arthur 73; port 85. 56. St, Croix Island National Monument 280. Rutter, John A. port 473, St. Ignace 98, Ruxton, George Frederick 285. St. Ignace, Mi. 98, St. Louis, Mo. 48, 98, 322; hist 322; waterfront illus 153. St. Louis Circuit Court File - 1821: Easdale vs Herrrpstead 36, Saint Louis Fur Co. 282, 288. Saint Louis Mercantile Library Assoc, 121. Saint Louis Mercantile Library Association, Bulletin 121.

(127) INDEX

St. Mary's, Mt. 50, Sandys, George 50; port 50, St, Peters x Forts Snelling, Sangre de Cristo 1. St. Vrain, Ceran 82, 279, 286. Sans, E. R. 362. St. Vrain, Marcellus 279, Santa Ana, Antonio Lopez de 76, 269; Ste. Genevieve, Mo. 546. port 76, Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada 280, Santa Fe, NM. 98, 280, 282. Salem Maritime Historic Site, Ma. illus Santa Fe Trail 98. 523. Santa Fe Trail; brief summary of the Salem, Ma. 107, Santa Fe Trail through Kansas~ with Salmon River 159, report of the Committee Appointed to Salt 274; production 274, 336; produc Prepare a Correct Map by Kansas State tion, Lewis & Clark Exped 350; Historical Society, 1911-1912 363, salting meat, Lewis & Clark Exped Santa Teresa photo 153. 330, Saratoga National Historical Park, NY. Salt Lake exploration 279, 523. Salutations 252, Sargent, Shirley 305, 369, 370, 374, Salvaging the Past in the Pacific North 375, 473, 564. west by L. R. Caywood 94, Sargent & Co. x Rifles trade, Sargent & Sam Colt's Repeating Pistols conclusion Co. by B. R. Lewis 54, Sarles, Frank B. 321. Samuel Colt Met Trouble and Still Carried Sarpy, Pierre Labbadie 282, On 127, Saskatchewan, Canada 99, San Andreas, Ca. 98. Sauer, Carl Ortwin 78; biog info San Andreas Fault, Ca. 523; bibl info 473; port 473, 372. Sauk Indians 269, The San Andreas Fire of 1858 by Sault Ste. Marie 280. K. Castro 98, Saum, Lewis O. 110, San Antonio, Tx, illus 153, Saunders, Marion 160, 164. San Dieguito Irrplements by B. Read 63, Savage, Edward 72. San Francisco, Ca. 79, 98, 301, 303; Savage, James D, 37, 73, 241, 559, earthquake 412; harbor illus (1850) 580; bibl info 363; bibl info 307; illus 301; illus (1826) 307, 241. San Francisco Bay preservation 501. Savage, Robert G, 564. San Francisco's 185th Birthday 98, The Savage Indian by A. Woodward 63, San Gabriel Mission, Ca. 36, Savannah, Ga. 98, San Jose de Tumacacori Mission x Tumacacori Save-the-Redwoods League 411, 443, 500, Mission. 501. San Jose de Tumacacori Mission xx Sawmills 510, Tumacacori National Monument. Saws 45; bow 2. San Lazaro photo 153, Saylor, John P. 501. San Miguel 98. Sayre, Arlene R. 367, San Xavier photo 153, Scabbards x Knives sheaths. San Xavier Del Bae 98. Scalping 63, 159, 282; illus 66; Sanchez, Jose Bernardo 286. techniques, description 266. Sand Country Almanac by Aldo S. Leopold Scates, Roy J. 127, reviewed 438, Scene Near Fort Laramie by A. J. Miller Sanders, T. 82. illus 153.

(128) INDEX

Schaeffer, Claude E. 30, 281. Scrapers 260; copper illus 260. Schedule of Federal Expenditures and Scrolls (rifle ornaments) 251; illus Local State Expenditures for Salvage 251. Archaeology 64. Sea monster (rifle ornament) x Dragon Schellbach, Louis 5, 32, 43, 364, 311; (rifle ornament). biog info 414; port 414. Seaborg, Glenn T. 312, Schmidt, Karl Patterson obit 414; port Seals British West Florida illus 212; 414. illus 214. Schmoe, Floyd W. biog info 369. Seashore Natural Area, Va. 523. Schnur, Leo 161. Seaton, Frederick Andrew 361, 368, 499. Schockel, B. H. 90, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes Schoenbrunn: The Romantic Story of Ohio's reviewed 432. First Town by J. E. Weinland 99, Securing the Land: John Tipton and the Schoenbrunn Village, Oh. 99, Miami Indians by D. Kelley 62. Schomacher, Paul J. F, 329, Sederberg, Arelo 101, Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe 262, 269, 282, Sedergren, Oscar A. 329, 285; bibl info 282; port 151, See America First Charles F. Lummis Schooners 48. slogan 440. Schultz, James Willard 30, 111, Seeks Treasure of Lost Ships in River Schurz, Carl biog info 414; port 469. Beds 92. Schweifler, John obit 414, Segerstrom, Don 304. Scientific Aspects of the Jackson Hole Segesser, Felipe 296. 516. Selected Interpretive Statements by the Scientific instruments Lewis & Clark National Park Service 547. Exped 330, 336, 349, Self-Portrait by A. J. Miller illus 12. Scientific Values of Wilderness by Selkirk, VI Earl of 299. A. Starker Leopold 500. • Seloy, Fl. (Fountain of Youth) 81. Scissors 266; illus 28, 264. Seltzer, 0. C. 13. Scofield, John 55, Selway National Forest, Id. 441. Scott, E. D. 102, Semingsen, Earl M. 563, Scott, Hiram 42, 13; death, accounts Seminole Indians 269, 212, 281, 523. Seminole War effects on frontier 269. Scott, Robert C. 43. Semple, Robert 303. Scott, Winfield port 282. Seneca Indians 45, 108, 255, 211, 212, Scotts Bluff 42, 85, 95, 99, 282; illus 316. 84, 153, Sequoia gigantea (big tree) x Sequoia tree Scotts Bluff by A. J. Miller illus 153. (Sequoia gigantea). Scotts Bluff and the Old Oregon Trail Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks 36, by M. J. Mattes 99, 363, 416; hist 415; interpretation Scotts Bluff Memorial Plaque photo 95. hist 311; interpretation, statistics, Scotts Bluff National Monument, Nb. illus 1929 and 1961 311; park naturalists 523. list, 1929-1962 311, Scotts Bluffs, Fort John by T. K. Green Sequoia National Forest Kings River 99. Recreation Area map 558. Scoyen, Eivind T, 362, 310; biog info Sequoia National Park flowering plants 316, 415; caricature 498; port 415, 523; guidebook 523; hist 523; nature Scrapers xx Knives, guide service, beginnings 506; trees 523.

(129) INDEX

Sequoia sempervirens (coastal redwood tree) Shetrone, Henry Clyde obit 476. x Redwood tree (Sequoia serrrpervirens). Shields 255; Indian 49; preparation Sequoia tree (Sequoia gigantea) 366, 368, 49. 501, 558, 568; .effects of human impact Shield's River Valley, Mt. 323. 366, 368; logging 416, 510; research Shiloh National Military Park, Tn. 523. 371; seeding 371; thinning out 371, Shim-a-co-che~ Crow Chief by Sequoyah x Guess, George (Sequoyah, A. J. Miller illus 72. Cherokee Indian). Shimoda, Jerry Y. 321, 328. Serpent (rifle ornament) x Dragon (rifle Shiner, Joel 28. ornament. Shinn, Charles Howard biog info 476. Serven, Jarnes E. 5, 7, 55, 162. Shirland, E. D. 303. Service History by Carl P. Russell 577. Sho-me-hos-see (Wolf) port by G. Catlin Service Objectives for Interpretation by 32. the National Park Service 364. Shoemaker, Floyd C. 328, 364. Seaton, Ernest Timothy 134. Shoes prices list 275. Setzler, Frank M. 2, 42, 43, 362. Shooting the Cap-and-Ball Revolvers by Sewee Indians 62. R. F. Enewold 53. Sewing kit Lewis and Clark Exped illus Short, Richard D. 7, 349. Short Face (Piegan Indian) 273. Seymour, Samuel 284. A Short History of the American Fur Trade Sha Ha Ka (Mandan Indian) 342; port 520. by W.W. Thomas 56. Sha Ha Ka: Lewis and Clark's Mandan A Short History of the National Park Indian Friend by Fred L. Lee 342. Service by Carl P. Russell 577; Shaeffer, Claude 328. comments on article 368. Shaler, William 73. Shoshone Indian Hunters by A. J. Miller Shankland, Robert S. 41, 201, 275, illus 146. Shapiro, H. L. 162, 238. Shoshone Indians 272, 281; hunters Sharp Knives Make Cooking Easier by illus 146. J. Friendly 266. Shoshones Fording a River by A. J. Miller Sharsmith, Carl 476. illus 146. Shasta, Ca. hist 301. Shoup, George E. 36. Shattuck, L. Hubbard 5. Shrine of the Ages Chapel proposed at Shaw, Harry I. 239. Grand Canyon 501. Shawnee Indians 49, 269. Shuck, George E., Jr. 371, 564. She Don't Float~ She Fly by M. Lehman 262. Shumate, Albert 73; port 73. Shebekeb (Mandan Indian Chief) 282. Shunar (French trapper) 36. Shedd, Charles E. 16, 18, 312. Sias, Mrs. J. Paul 207. Sheep as food 265. Sibley, George Champlin 42, 276, 280; Sheepeater Indians 281; photo 533. port 520. Sheffield, Ben slide 360. Sibley, Henry H. 269, 302. Sheffield, Merle T. 14. Sibley, Mary Easton port 520. Sheffield Steel and Other Imported Tools Siege of the Alamo by R. E. Callahan 76. 130. Sierra Club 363; executives 387, 397, Sheldon family hist Bo. 429, 443; publications 378; wilder Shelekhof, Gregory 282. ness conferences, proceedings, text Sheppard, Walter M. 515. 500. The Sheriff Made a Point 70. The Sierra Club and Wilderness by Sherman, Edwin A., Jr. 559, Harold E. Crowe 370.

(130) INDEX

Sierra Club Bulletin, March 1948 301. Skinner, Milton P. 362; biog info 369. Sierra Nevada Mountains 99, 100; parks, Skins x Hides and skins. interpretive programs hist 569, Skulls illus 146. The Sierra Nevada of California by Skunk 128; illus 128. F. P. FarQuhar 99, Slacum, William A. 288. Sierra Winter by Carl P, Russell 577. Sleds 274. Siever, Charles 291, Sloane, Thomas 0 1 Conor, III 190. Sign language x Communications sign Sloths, ground 507; bibl info 371; langugage. dung analysis 507. The Silent Weapon by H. W. Bovnnan 54. Small Cannon chapter by Carl P. Russell Silver Indian trade 32; trade 65. criticism 6. Silversmiths Philadelphia (1796) list Small Cannon of the Traders and the 270. Military by Carl P. Russell 319, Simmons, Caroline 36. The Small Pistols That Gained Fame in Simms, D. Harper 68, 241. the West by R. O'Brien 158. Simpson, Alexander 278, Small Tracts by U.S. Dept. of Interior Simpson, George 266, 275, 277, 281, 282, 579. 283, 284, 286, 288; port 151. Smallpox x Diseases smallpox. Simpson, Thomas port 151, Smallpox in Spanish and Mexican California, Sinclair, Alexander 277, 288. 1770-1845 by S. F. Cook 61. Sioux Indians 6, 62, 81, 82, 102, 159, Smet, Pierre-Jean de x DeSmet, Pierre-Jean. 269, 281, 291, 336; illus 151, Smith, Alson Jesse 73, Sir Alexander Mackenzie, Conqueror of the Smith, Alvin T. 288. Rockies 72. Smith, Anthony Wayne 367, 370; photo Sir William Stewart's Expedition by 478. M. C. Field 73. Smith, Carlyle S. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 28, Sisco, Anneliese 57, 31, 55, 62, 63, 137, 197, 251, Sisco, John S. 2, Smith, Cathie 78. Sitka spruce 330, Smith, Charles J. 244, 515; biog info Sitting Bull port 77, 476. Sitting dog (rifle ornament) xx Sitting Smith, Corrine C. 36. fox (rifle ornament). Smith, Cyril Stanley 28, 57, Sitting dog (rifle ornament) 5, Smith, Dorothy U. 91. Sitting fox (rifle ornament) 5, 7, 9, Smith, E. C. 570, 10; 43, 87; illus 251, Smith, Franklin G. 17, 18, 21, 22, 137, Sivesind, Raymond S. 363. 367, 371, 375, Skarsten, M. O. 70, Smith, G. Hubert 8, 28, 43, 85, 281. Skenandoah (Oneida Indian) 273, Smith, Harlan C. 333; photo 331. The Skier and His Government by Smith, Jane F. 16. E. P. Meinecke 499, Smith, Jedediah Strong 34, 36, 73, 110, Skiing 499. 128, 140, 151, 159, 241, 263, 264, Skiis illus 303, 265, 266, 267, 276, 277, 278, 280, The Skimmer of the Santa Fe 283, 286, 288; biog info 241; death by C. Wm. Chamberlain 68. of 282, 286; discovery of South Pass Skin Divers Discover Historical Trade 42; itinerary, California 286; maps Kettles 50, 306; port 46; routes of travel 148, Skinner, Johanna 329. 307.

(131) INDEX

Smith, John 37, 50; in Virginia 27. Soap making 274, Smith, Lillian R. 327. Social and Economic Metamorphosis Brought Smith, Merritt L. 363. About by Fur Trade 255. Smith, 11 Pegleg11 x Smith, Thomas L. 11 Pegleg". Bohon, Gustavus 30, 42, '73, Smith, Pemberton 92. Le Soldat du Chene (Osage Indian) port Smith, Priscilla C. 167. 520. Smith, Raymond I. 364. Soldier and Brave reviewed by Smith, Thomas A. 269. Carl P. Russell 243, 373. Smith, Thomas L. 11 Pegleg" 36, '73, 282, Soldier Collects Peacemakers by 286. J. H. Ryan 16. Smith and Wesson Revolvers 26. Some Books Carried by Lewis and Clark Smith Massacre site map 282. by Donald D. Jackson 341. Smithsonian Institution 28; 1866 illus Some Handguns of the Mountain Men 81 ; surveys, river basin 282. by Carl P, Russell 234. Smithsonian Institution, Museum of History Some High Points in the Story of a Useful and Technology number of visitors, Career by D. T. Herndon 16, 1964 414. Some Problems in the Natural Resources Smoking Found to be Old Habit 213. Program in 1955 by Carl P. Russell Snake bite treatment 128. 577. Snake and Columbia rivers confluence Some Publications, Articles and Talks illus. 279, 160. Snake Indians illus 150, Some Recent Additions to the Finley Snake River 36, 95, 159, 282; photo 95, Collection on the History and Romance Snap! by A. W. Baum 108. of the Northwest by Edward Caldwell Snares 108, 128; clog 108; illus 108, 347. 128; lifting-pole 108; perch 108; Some Trade Guns Investigated 1930-1944 pole 108; tether 108; types 108. by Carl P. Russell 236. Sna1°es and DeadfaUs by G. A. Petrides Songs of Camp and Trail as Sung in Yose 108. mite National Park by Rudy Presnall Snares, Deadfalls, and Other Traps of the 536. Northern Algonquians and Northern Sonora, Mexico 99. Athapaskans by J. M. Cooper 108, South Bend, In. 312. Sneddon, G, Lee 370. South Dakota highway map 363. Snell, Earl 95. South Pass 95, 281, 283; discovery 42; Snow, Francis Huntington 73; port '73. map 282. Snow and Goss, the Pioneers in Kansas Southeast Biological Research Center Ornithology by Mrs. H. J. Taylor 73, proposal 362. Snow Conditions in Yosemite National Park Southern California Gun Collectors by Ralph H. Anderson 536, Association by R. Speed 121. Snowshoes 214; illus 274; making 274. Spain 105; in the New World '79. Snuff 213; hist 273; making illus 273. Spalding, Eliza Hart (Mrs. Henry Harmon Snuff boxes illus 273, 306. Spalding) 36, 95, 283. Snuff Industry 1s Not One to Sneeze At Spalding, Franklin Spencer port 512. by D, Felton 273. Spalding, Henry Harmon 36, 282; port 151. Snuff Is In 213, Spanish in Southwest 42. The So-Called 'Kentucky Rifle' As Made Spanish-American War 54, 91. in Lancaster County by D. F. Magee The Spanish-American War of 1898 by 54. J. J. A. Fortier 91.

(132) INDEX

Spanish Discovery of the Sierra Nevada Stackpole, E. J. 9, l62, l65, 167. by F. P. Farquhar 99, Stadler, Francis H. 328. Spanish Firearms 254. Stagecoach by W. Stout l05, Spanish Indian Policy 254. Stagecoaches 58, l55, 265; illus 58, Spanish Policy on Firearms 254. Stagner, Howard R. 371, 373, 374, 375, Spanish Transportation in the Southwest, 499, 1540-1846 by Max L. Moorhead abs Stallard, Bruce 63, 506. Standards and Guidelines for Publications, Sparkes, Boyden 97, Eastern National Park and Monument Spearheads illus l44. Association by Rogers W. Young 553, Spears 4, 28, 255, 263; barbed 28; Standards and Guidelines for Roadside beaver 28; bibl info 264; harpoons Interpretive Facilities by the illus 209, 264; illus 28, 209, 264; National Park Service draft 363, Indians 28; muskrat 28; muskrat 553, illus 28, 264; points 28; Spanish Standards for Selecting Sites for State 28; sturgeon 28; sturgeon illus 28. Parks and General Principles of Special Report on Fort Davis, Texas Development 577, by Robert M. Utley 5ll. Standing Bear, Luther 28l. Special Report on Promontory Summit, Utah Standish, Miles (blacksmith) 276, 298. by Robert M. Utley 52l. Stanley, John Mix 30, 34, 284. Specifications for the Measurement and Starr, Robert L. 11. Recording of Historic American Starr, Walter port 476. Buildings and Structural Remains 553, The Starvation Winter of the Piegan Speck, Gordon 34. Indians 1883-84 by H. West 63. Speed, Robert 127. Starved Rock, Il. 546. Spencer, Steven M. 63, State Historical Markers of Virginia 101. Spier, Robert F. G. 2, 207, State Historical Society of Colorado 82. Spikes illus 144. State of Oregon and Washington Territory The Spirit of Jackson Hole by map l48. Olaus J. Murie 5l4. State Park Statistics, 1961 556. Spitler, Harley J. 375, State parks 556; California 556; costs Split Mountain Dam (Dinosaur National to state per visit 372; management Monument) 365; proposed 5l2. 556; Ohio 556; Oregon 556; overuse Spokan House x Forts Spokan House. 556; recreation use 556; standards Sponge bailing type 262. for site selection 577, Spontoons American illus 269. State Parks and Historic Sites of North Spoons 266; French illus 255; illus Dakota 363. 266. State Parks, Areas, Acreages and I Spotts, Julian C. 6, 7, 9, 29, 32, 36, Accommodations, 1960 556. I! 42, 43, 69, 73, 238, 321, 558. Statue of Liberty National Monument 524. Sprague, Roderick 65. Steamboats 48, 92, 299; illus 135; river Spread of the Spanish Horse to the Indians bibl info 262; river, description by L. Moore 64. 262; river, speed 262; wrecks list Spring, Agnes Wright 363. 261. Sproul, Robert G. 362. Steel mfg 264; types 264. Spurs 37; illus 265. Steel Traps and the Early American Fur Squaw men 287. Trade by Carl P. Russell 230, 3l9,

(l33) INDEX

Steele, William H. 92. The Story of Mammoth Cave National Park Steelyards illus 274. by M. M. Bridwell 52. Steen, Charles R. 2, 63, 207; port 476. The Story of Men and Guns by R. Houston Stephens, A. K. 36, 288. 53, Stephenson, Robert L. 7, 28. The Story of Montreal by P. Smith 92. The Steps in Grooming by R. Appel 265. The Story of Mount Rainier National Sterry, Mrs. Iveagh Hunt 7. Park by C. Frank Brockman 522. Steve Mather of the National Parks by The Story of Old Bill Williams Robert Shankland reviewed by by F. E. Wells 74. Frank A. Kittredge 449. A Story of Register Cliff on the Old Stevens, Brooks 7. Oregon Trail 97. Stevens, E. E. 84. The Story of the Blackfeet by J. C. Ewers Steward, Donald M. 164. 62. Steward, William 73. Story of the Fur Trade by H. McCracken Stewart, David A. 63. 128. Stewart, Joseph 24. The Story of the Primer by P. B. Jenkins Stewart, Robert 282. 127. Stewart, William George Drummond 34, 36, The Story of Tulare County and Visalia 281, 282, 284, 285, 288; exped 73; by W. W. Robinson 100. journey to Tetons 42. Stotz, Charles M. 17. Stieffel, Herman 73. Stout, Wesley 105. Stiffler, W.W. 364. Stoves 264; illus 264. Still Life with Mug by W. M. Harnett Stow, Millicent 105. illus 274. Straight From the Shoulder by L. Cary 52. Stille, Glen G. l9, Stratford Hall, Va. photo 524. Stilwell, Hart 55, 56. Stratton, A. Clark biog info 495; port Stimson, Henry L. 503. 476. Stimson, O. H. P. l4l. Straus, Michael W. 362, 432. Stinchcomb, William D. 4ll. Streamlined History by Carl P. Russell Stirrups illus 145; Japanese illus 504. 14l. Strike-a-light illus 265. Stites, Mrs. H. B. lO. Strong, Emory 328. Starke, Samuel 42. Strong, William Duncan. 11. Story, Isabelle F. 559, 560; port 502. Strouds x Textiles strouds. Story, Al. l46. Stuart, David 282. The Story Behind the Clatsop County Stuart, James at Yellowstone 42. Historical Center by Clatsop County Stuart, Robert 42, 275, 278, 280, 281, Historical Society 350. 282, 283, 287, 288; port 15l. Story of a Confederate Colt Revolver 53, Stuart Exped route 283. The Story of a Whale Stranded on Oregon's Study Outline of California History by Coast in 1806 by W. A. Langile 325. E. Garoutte 79, The Story of an Old Trapper: Life and Stupka, Arthur 362. Adventures of the Late ?eg-Leg Smith Sturm, Ruger & Co. 52. 73. Sublette, Milton 282, 288. The Story of Hudson's Bay 'Point' Blankets Sublette, William Lewis 3, 36, 42, 81, 47. 84, 159, 241, 274, 278, 279, 280, 282, The Story of Jed Smith by Carl P. Russell 283; bibl info 287; route to Pierre's 24l. Hole rendezvous 42.

(134) INDEX

Sugar 274, Sylvester, Frank E. biog info 479, Suggested Historical Area Report~ Fort Das System der Nationalparke in den USA Clatsop Site Oregon by John A. Hussey von Walter Schoenichen 547, 334, Suhm, Dee Ann 63. Sullivan, Robert 107, Swrrrnary of Areas Belonging to the National Park System, 1956 547. T Summit Lake, Co. 523, Summit Meadow illus 6. The Summit of South Pass photo 95, Sumner, Francis Bertody obit 476. Sumner, Lowell 372, 373, 469, 411, Tableware bibl info 266; hist 266; Supt. Russell Will Take Leave to Write illus 266; military illus 266. History 160. Tadoussac, Quebec 100, 280, 283, Suria, Tomas de 284. Taft, Robert 70, 72, 73, 75, 469; memorial Surrender at Fort Shelby illus 280. 480; port 480. The Survey of Historic Sites in the South Tahoe x Lake Tahoe, Nv. by R. E. Appleman 577, Taking the Hump Rib by A. J. Miller illus Sutro, Adolph 300. 136, 146. Sutro Library 301, 308. Talbert, George A. obit 481; port 481. Sutter, John Agustus 36, 148, 286, 303; Talbot, Zenaida M. 36. port 286. Talcott, George H. 19, 245, 246, 248. Butter's Saw Mill illus 153, Taos~ in the Land of Enchantment by Swank, Wendell G. 500. J, Anson 105, Swanner, S. W. port 153. Taos, NM. 1, 105, 258, 280, 283, 286. Swarth, Schelwald Harry 73;' port 73. Taps Sounds for the Ml Foot Soldiers 158. Swartzlow, Carl P, biog info 479, Tattooing x Pigments. Swartz low, Ruby Johnson 71. Tavernier, Jules 75; painting illus Swayne, S. F. 328, 329. 75; port 75, Sweden Honors Its Maker of Fine Steel Taxidermy 128. 264. Taylor, Edward T. 546. Swine 258. Taylor, Ethel Rose 484. Swing, William 207, Taylor, Floyd B. 481, Swinney, H. J. 9, 25, 28, 31, 328, 375, Taylor, Frank J. 559, Swinton, W. H. 468. Taylor, Lathrop M. 278, 312. Swivel guns x Cannon swivel guns. Taylor, Oliver Guy 362; biog info 558; Swords 52, 54, 264; American 28; axe obit 483. combination illus 260; British 28; Taylor, Ron 36. catalogs 127; cutlass 264; French Taylor, Rose Schuster (Mrs. H. J. Taylor) 28; hist 264; illus 54, 66, 127, 73, 362, 423, 454, 468, 559, 560; Ii 141, 142, 266; inscriptions illus biog info 482; obit 482, 578; port 264; Indian 28; sabers 248; sabers 482; writings bibl 482. illus 127; Spanish 28, 264; Toledo Taylor, Mrs. Samuel 81; port 81. 292; trade 28. Taylor, Zachary 74, 269; port 74. Swords~ Sculptors of History 66. Techy, D. 11, 55, Syckle, Edward Van 88. Tecumseh (Indian) 271, 272,

(135) INDEX

Teetor, Paul 160. There are Millions of Trappers in U.S. Telling Yosemite's Story 536, 276. 10 of the World's Most Powerful Rifles Thermometers 274, Scope Sighted by M. P. Buehler 198. These Were the Saddles of the First Tennessee 100. Americans Tents waterproofing 128. They're Exposing America's Oldest Secrets Teotihuacan (Pyramid of the Sun) 507. by S. M, Spencer 63. Tm0 ritorial Enterprise 364. Thiel, Daniel photo 331. Terry, Olive Green 13, Thimbles 271; illus 271, The Terrys port 13. Thing, Joseph 288. Testing the Ferguson Rifle by Thistle illus 274. A. F. Hopkins 234. This Guide to the City of Savannah 98, Teton Mountains by Nolie Mumey criticism Thomas, Charles C. 559, 42. Thomas, Chauncey 55. Teton Pass 283. Thomas, Earl A. 57, Teton Range 95, 283; origin of name 283. Thomas, Ralph 363, The Teton Range from Deadman's Bar Thomas, W. Stephen 560. photo 95, Thomas, Wilbur K. 362, The Teton Range from Jackson Hole photo Thomas Jefferson Memorial 513. 95. Thomas Moran: An Appreciation The Tewksburys 76. by F. Fryxell 72, Texan Turns Up a 50-?0 Springfield 53, Thomas Moran's Journey to the Mount of Texas annexation 269; hist 76; settle- the Holy Cross in 18?4 by ment 291, F, Fryxell 72, Texas illus 167. Thomas Moran's Journey to the Tetons in Texas Rangers 55, 75, 18?9 by F. Fryxell 72, Textiles 39, 106, 228, 274; bibl info Thompson (British fur trader) 42. 106, 274; camlet 106; calimanco 106; Thompson, Benjamin H. 328, 362, 374; cottons 274; darnick 106; descrip biog info 374, 485; conservation tions 106; drugget 106; duffels awards 485; port 485. 255; forgeries 274; fustian 106; Thompson, David 30, 276, 279, 280, 282, Gingerline 106; Harrateen 106; 291; bibl info 283; biog info 279; historical data 106; illus 106; claim to Columbia River 282; illus lutestring 106; oil-cloth 270; 279. perpetuana 106; persiana 106; prices Thompson, Erwin N. 21. list 274; production 274; ratteen Thompson, Harry T. 17, 106; say 106; stroud 39, 274; trade Thompson, John A. ("Snowshoe") 303. 38, 39, 274; trade bibl info 39; Thompson, Perry A. biog info 485; port woolens 274. 485, That Century-Old Dispute Over Washington's Thompson, Philip 36. Birthplace by C. o. Paullin 74, Thompson, William A. 21, That the Future May Learn From the Past Thomson, Carl Gaff 70; caricature 498; 103. death 485; obit 559; port 485. Thayendanegea x Brant, Joseph (Thayen Thorpe, James 305. danegea, Mohawk Indian). Thorpe, Melvin J, 9, Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park, Thorpe, Thomas Bangs 285. ND. 522.

(136) INDEX

The Threat of Public Sports Hunting in Tobacco (cont) snuff, bottles illus 107; Yellowstone and Other National Parka snuff illus 107; snuff, rasps 273; by Robert N. McIntyre 549, spinning illus 229, 273; sticks Three Causes for the Bursting of Shotgun 107; stogies, origin of term 273; Barrels by A. P. Curtis 52. transportation 273; twist 107; Three Forks, Mt. 323, 325, twist illus 273; twist, making 273; A Thwnbnail History of Hot Springs by use, religious 273; value 45; Mary D. Hudgins 513. Virginia 107; wheel, rolling illus Thurber, Walter 57. 273. Thurman, Lawrence 18. Tobacco at Old Salem 107. Tibbles, Thomas Henry 63, 74; port 63, Tobacco Smoking in 1623 273. 74. The Tobacco That Bites Back by Tilden, Freeman 35, 363, 515, N. M. Clark 107, Tilden, Paul Mason 372, Todd, Frederick P. 8. Tilghman, Bill 127; port 127, Todd, John B. 58. Tillotson, Miner R. biog info 376; Tokens 274; brass 32; brass illus 32, caricature 498. 274; gambling illus 272; Hudson's Tilton, John Kent 39, Bay Co. 32; Hudson's Bay Made Beaver Timber commercial use 501 (rubbing) 274; illus 150; ivory Tinder, Lucille Franchere 33. 32; ivory illus 32; markings illus Tinder illus 265. 32; North West Co. 32; North West Tinder boxes 32; illus 209, 259, 265, Co. 's beaver token 149. 269. Toll, Roger W. 78; caricature 498, Tioga Road x Yosemite National Park Tioga Toll, Mrs. Roger W. 485, Road. Tolson, Hillary A. 321, 328, 362, 363, The Tioga Road Across the Sierra Nevada 364, 365, 373, 485, 515, 516; biog by C. J. Belden 100. info 376; port 395; 402. Tipton, John 62, 312. To-ma-has (Cayuse Indian) 36, 281, 283. Tobacco 25, 4o, 107, 119, 255, 273, 297, Tomahawks 2, 45, 127, 132, 207, 255, 292, 299, 507; as medicine 273; bibl info 319; Apache 2; bibl info 45, 259; 273, 274; bibl annotated 119; brass 45; brass, steel edged 259; Brazilian 4o, 273; carotte illus British 259; Cahokia illus 259; 273; carotte, making 273; chewing ceremonial 2, 45; Chippewa 2; 107; cigarettes, making 273; curing Comanche 2; Comanche illus 132; 107; cut 107; emblems in the trade Dakota illus 45; development 45; illus 273; factories 40; flavoring double bitted illus 264; espontoon 273; forms illus 229; hist 273; (or spontoon) 2, 28, 259, 330; French illus 107, 152; industry 107; kinds 36; French illus 208; General 152; kinnik-kinnik 273; kinnik Samuel Hopkins 2, 132; General Samuel kinnik, source 273; Lewis & Clark Hopkins illus 259; hist 207, 259; Exped 330; Miksch Tobacco Manufactory illus 2, 5, 127, 206, 208, 259, 264, 4o; packaging 107; perique 107, 273; 292; Iowa illus 45; iron 2; Iroquois pigtail 107; pigtail illus 273; illus 45; Jourdain illus 259; plug 273; prices 273; processing Kansa illus 45, 132; Kiowa 2; 152; rolls 107; rolls illus 273; Kiowa illus 259; Mandan illus 45; ropes 107; seal illus 273; shipment markings illus 213, 259; Menominee illus 229; smoking 107; snuff 107; 45; Miami 45; military 259;

(137) INDEX

Tomahawks (cont) Minnewaukau illus 259; Toronto, Canada 100. Nez Perce 2; Omaha illus 45; origin Toronto IZZustrated from Trading Post to of term 259; Pawnee illus 45; Great City by E. C. Guillet 100, pewter 45; pewter illus 259; pipe Tose, Cecil obit 487. 2, 36, 45; pipe, description 36; Toughest Trapper on the Utah TraiZ by pipe illus 45, 208, 271, 273, 292; D. E. Miller 72, pipe, Mohawk illus 259; Sauk illus Tourism 489. 45; Seneca illus 45; Sioux 2; Tourist travel 364, 549; Sioux illus 259; Spanish illus Carl P. Russell's notes 556. 259; spiked 2, 45, 132; spiked illus Tourist's Guide to Historic Vincennes 208, 259; squared on blunt-edge blade 101. 2; stone illus 45; trade 45; trade, Tovrea, J. H. 98, development illus 45; U.S. Indian Towne, Oliver 33, Department (U.S.I.D.) 2; value 45, Townsend, John Kirk 285. 259; Wea illus 45; Winnebago illus Townsend, Raymond R. 2, 217. 45; with dagger in handles illus Townsley, Forest S. caricature 498. 132; zinc 2. Towson, Nathan 269. Tombstone fox (rifle ornament) x Sitting Trade China 299; intertribal 316, 328; fox (rifle ornament). policy 299; rates of value 274; Tomlinson, Juliette 8. with Indians 354. Tomlinson, Laurine (Mrs. Owen A. Tomlinson) Trade goods 57, 111, 274, 278; bibl info 486. 255, 274; candy 299; dating 274; Tomlinson, Owen A. 238, 362, 363, 468, gifts to Indians lists 274; hist 486, 574; caricature 498; port 402. 274; Hudson River area bibl info Tompkins, John Barr 370, 316; Hudson River area illus 316; Tangen, Julia R. 559, illus 57, 328; Indians 349; list Tongue River, Mt. 323, 255, 299; prices lists 274; suppliers Tonquin (ship) 273, 281, 282. list 274; types lists 274; value Tonquin massacre 36, 288. Tonto Basin of Arizona Territory 76, The Trade Gun by Carl P. Russell Tonto National Monument slide 360. criticism 6; illus list 8. TooZ Study - Hatchets 57, Trade guns x Rifles trade. Tools xx specific kind of tool. Trade objects xx nam~ of specific object. Tools 57, 130, 210, 264, 292; bibl info Trade objects 43, 45, 354, 372; encoun- 207, 264; blacksmithing illus 292; tered by Lewis and Clark list 330; carpenter illus 57; catalogs 130; European sources 43, cleaning finds 28; gunsmith's 292; Trade Tomahawks by C. B. Courville 45, illus 130, 144; Lewis & Clark Exped Trade-marks 5, 7, 9; Crown 5; illus 9; illus 349; making 215, 226; pruning Jourdain's 45; lion rampart(?) 5; hooks illus 264; sailmaker I s palm 11 2 11 5, illus 263; saws 264; scrapers 264; The Trade Musket by Carl P. Russell 236. trade 45; underwater finds 28; wood Traders xx Mountain men, working 57; woodworking illus 57, Traders xx Trappers. TooZs for Pounding and Cutting by Traders 109, 111, 274, 283, 286, 287, 288; W. Thurber 57, bibl info 283; buyers, independent Toothaker, Charles R. 4o, 273, 299; English 319; French 280; illus Topaz Postmaster Moves to Fresno 13. 287; names list 111, 282; relations, government 274; routes 282; Yosemite Valley 363,

(138) INDEX

Trading posts American 5; arms 5; map Trapping (cont) methods l28, 26l, 283; l48. methods illus 26l; methods, Indian Trading Posts in Minnesota list 363. 276; techniq_ues, l6mm film 369. The Trail of Lewis and Clark 1804-1806 Trapping Beaver by A. J. Miller illus map 343. l34. Trail of Tears 281. Trapping the Killers by H. McCracken l28. Trails Taos to Fort Laramie map 282; Traps 4l, l08, l20, l28, l68, 215, 216, Utah, historical map 582. 292, 298, 328; American 3l; American Trans-Mississippi Territory of the United illus 275; American Fur Co., order States ... 1807-1843 map 582. for 298; Austrian 4l; bait 4l; Transition to History in the Pueblo bait, castoreum 299; bear, descrip Southwest by E. K. Reed 63. tion 3l; bear illus 276; bear, with Transportation public 274, circular base 3l9; beaver 9, 3l, 37, Trapped photo l08. 4l, l08, 215, 3l9, 32l, 36T; beaver, A Trapper and Trader of the Old Regime Bridger's, Jim 36T; beaver, descrip photo l38. tion 3l; beaver, handmade 4l; beaver Trapper Crossing the Mountains slide 360; beaver, Standish 3l; bibl by W. Ranney illus 284. info l20, 215, 276; Bonner & Hedges Trapper Disturbed in Rest by Herd of 4l; box illus 275; Bridger's, Jim Buffalo by A. J. Miller illus l36. illus l54; Canadian 4l; Canadian Trapper Monument, Jackson Hole slide illus 275; catalogs l28; chains x 360. Chains trap; changes 108; collections Trapper Parties in California~ 1826-1843 298; collections list 20l; descrip list l95, 24l. tions 20l, 202, 215, 276; double pin Trapper-Trader Paraphernalia and Procedures illus l54; English illus 275; by Carl P. Russell 33. folded illus 200, 215; for Indians Trapper Trails to the Sisk-ke-dee by 292; found near Jackson, Wy. 369; Carl P. Russell l95; map 243. French illus 276; Green River x Traps Trappers xx Mountain men. Russell's, Carl P.; handmade illus Trappers xx Traders. 215; Hiatt x Traps Russell's, Carl P.; Trappers l09, llO, lll, 216, 283, 286, Hudson's Bay Co. 3l; illus 4l, l08, 28T, 288; bibl info 283; California l28, l54, l68, 200, 20l, 202, 230, list 24l, 286; California (l826-l843) 276; Italian 4l; Italian illus 4l; list 294; eq_uipment illus l45; free jaws , Blake and Lamb type 216; jump l40, 280, 283; illus 15l; list 221, 215; jump illus 215; legislation 283; list who became settlers 286. l08; list of repositories 298; Trappers and Voyageurs at Their Meal of Luppold 31; mfgs 108; mfgs hist Buffalo Hump Rib by A. J. Miller 276; markings 31, 4l, 215; markings illus l40, l43, illus 20l, 276; markings, Kenneth Trappers Discovered America by McLeod 4l; markings, rubbing 276; H. McCracken l28. New England 41; Newhouse 31, 41; Trappers' Grading List by F. Gent 56. Newhouse hist 201; Newhouse illus Trappers of Today by H. McCracken l28. 154, 276; nomenclature 200, 201, 202, Trapping 56, 108; bait 276; bait, making 215, 276; Oneida Newhouse 319; Oregon 276; beaver, methods 276; bibl info 41; Pacific Creek 31; parts 201; 276; California 300; effects on parts illus 9, l54, 202, 275; parts, Indians 276; hist 276; mfg 276; parts, prices 215;

(139) INDEX

Traps (cont) prices 263, 275, 276, 298; Troxel, Kathryn 63, production 201, 276; rat, English Troyes, Pierre, Chevalier de 281, 319; relics, sources list 275; Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Rupert House 31, 41, 201; Russell's, Newlands Reclamation Project, Nv, Carl P. 43, 154, 275; Russell's, 362. Carl P., description 41, 43, 275; Trudeau, Zenon 280. Russell's, Carl P, illus 154, 275; Trumbull, John 72. Russell's, Carl P., origin 201; Trunks illus 137, Sargent Trap Co. 276; Sargent Trap Trustees for Conservation 500. Co. markings illus· 276; Seneca Truteau (or Trudeau), Jean Baptiste 74, 108; setters illus 128; setting 282. 41; Seventeenth century type illus Trying to Plan for the National Park 275; single pin illus 154; sites System's Future by Conrad L. Wirth yielding fragments 298; six spring 549. · illus 154; Standish 201; steel 108, Tryon, Edward K. 319, 275, 276, 319; steel hist 319; Tubutama photo 153, steel, jump type 319; steel, mfg Tucker, Cary S, 12, 369; types illus 128; types, mis Tufts, James 82, cellaneous 108; variant spellings Tulare County 100. 368; with circular base 319; wolf Tulloch, Samuel 276, 279, 108,·276, Tumacacori by L. R. Caywood 100, Traps Chapter by Carl P, Russell abs 31, Tumacacori Mission 98, 100. The Travel Habits of the AAA Member by Tumacacori National Monument, Az. 367; the American Automobile Association hist 525; illus 525, 549, Tumacacori's Yesterdays by E. Jackson Travellers Rest 323, 100. Travis, William Barret 269. Tunison, A. L. 21. Travois 25; illus 145, 146, Tuolumne County, Ca. map 301, A Treasure Trove for Nebraskans by Turman, Mrs. Charles F. 43, M. J. Mattes 70, Turner, Evan H. 167, A Treatise on Furniture & Furnishings Turner, Frederick Jackson 287, 103. Turner, Frank L. 327, 329, Tree inscriptions x Inscriptions tree. Turner, John 282. Tree rings significance of patterns Turner, Josephine (Mrs. John Turner) 5. 507. Turquoise 507, Tresidder, Donald Bertrand caricature Tweezers 274; illus 274, 498; obit 488; peak named for him Twenty-Five Years Ago by Carl P, Russell 488; port 488, 578. Tresidder, Mary Curry (Mrs, Donald B, Twenty-Fourth Biennal Report of the Idaho Tresidder) 375, 558, 563, State Historical Department, 1953 325, Trexler, Keith A. 370, 371, Twin Forts of the Popolopen, Forts Clinton Triassic Dinosaur Tracks National Monument and Montgomery, New York, 1??5-1??? proposed 512, by W, H. Carr and R. J, Koke 87, Trip to Some of the Historic Spots of Twin Mounds, Ks. proposed prairie Fort Wayne 94, national park 495, Trippe, Juan Terry biog info 489; port Twin Peaks, Wa, photo 331, 489, Two-gwo-tee Pass 281, 282.

(140) INDEX

Tyler, Daniel 74, 246. U.S. Trappers Other Than Leaders of Tyler, John port 283, Parties Who Participated in Early California Affairs list 195, University of California Press 42, 165, University of California Press, Books in Print, 1958 165, u University of Nevada Library 21. University of the Pacific 301, University of the South 20. Upper Colorado Controversy; Sound Develop ment and Unimpaired Parks; A Way to Udall, Stewart Lee 372, 373; biog info Have Both 500. 490; port 490. The Upper Missouri Fur Trade: Its Uinta River x Duchesne River. Methods of Operation by Uncle Sam origin of name 157, R.H. Mattison 109, Uncle Sam illus 157, Upton, Robert F. 369, 563, 564; obit Uncle Sam Murai Painting by G. Gray 157, 490. Uniforms 116; bibl info 278; British, Uridge, Margaret D. 113, 117, 121. descriptions 278; catalogs 127; UrQuhart, W. F, 19, illus 116; military 279; military Ursuline Convent, New Orleans 546. illus 265; military, U.S. illus Using Concepts in Our Interpretive Program 282. by Russell K. Grater 367. Union Army Band at Camp Babbitt, Utah 527; map 148; trails, historical California photo 269, map 582. Union Copper Mining Co. 78. Utah and the Pony Express by Union Pass, Wy. 283; slide 360. K. B. Carter 58. United Foreign Missionary Society 282. Utah State Highway Historical Markers, United States federal and state recrea- 1951 363, tional areas map 547, Ute Indians 146. U.S. Dragoons and Indian Guides Utes Avenged Friend's Murder 70. by G, Catlin illus 83, Utley, Robert M. 86, 373, U.S. 85 - A Highway with a Past 105, U.S. Forest Service x National Forest l. Service, United States: Historical and Architectural I,, Monuments by R. F. Lee 105, V United States Indian Department in Account 1, Current with Manuel Lisa 71, U.S. Ordnance Studies in Europe by G. Talcott 15. United States Park Police x National Park Vaca, Alvar Nunez Cabeza de x Cabeza de Police, Vaca, Alvar Nunez. The United States Trading House or Factory Vaccination of Indians at Fort Union, at Fort Osage, 1808-1827, A Documen 1837 illus 153, tary History compiled by Valdez, Juan 36, 85. James Anderson 85, 520. Valdez-Lerowx Inscription 85, Valentines 105,

(141) INDEX

Van Cleve, Harry 128. Visitor Services Conference, Shenandoah Vancouver, George 280. National Park, 1953 proceedings Vancouver Island 282. 500. Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site, Voelker, Frederic E. 75, NY. 528. Volcanic to Winchester 127, Vanderburgh, William Henry 283, 288; Volcano by Mary E. Crosley 300. death illus 169. Volcano, Ca. 300, 302; illus 300, Van Ravenswaay, Charles 3, 11, 32, 36, Volcanoes effect on climate 507, 42, 43, 73, 162, 167, 238, 321, 328. Von Halle, Johann F, 34. Van Walkenburgh, Sallie 373, Von Langsdorff, Georg Heinrich 284. Vasquez, Louis 283, Voyageurs 280, 282, 283; songs 283, Vasseur (also spelled Vasseueur, black smith at Michilimackinac) 45, Vaughan, Thomas 37, 43, 241; biog info 490; photo 331, Velez de Escalanate, Silvestre x w Escalante, Silvestre Velez de. Venezuela early man site 507. Venison jerked, recipe 128. Verbarg, L. G, 237, Verendrye, Chevalier de la 281. W. J. Hays by R. Taft 70, Vermin 277; lice, removal 277, Waa-Nite (Mrs. Kit Carson) 36, Vestal, Stanley 46, 98, Wagner, Norman S. 5, Vicksburg National Military Park, Ms. Wagner, Robert F. 362. 528. Wagon trains 155, 265; encampment illus Villa Louis 43. 140; illus 155, Vincelot, Joseph Jean Baptiste Amyot- x Wagons xx specific kind of wagon. Amyot-Vincelot, Joseph Jean Baptiste. Wagons 58, 155, 263, 265, 277, 282; bibl Vincennes, In. 101, 313. info 277; covered illus 155; Vincent, W. D. 56, 68, 71, 94, Dearborn 36, 288; description 263; Vincentio (glassmaker) 50, equipment illus 155; first into Vint, Thomas Chalmers biog info 490. Columbia Basin 36; first use in Virginia 101, 103, 104, mountains 36; illus 153, 155, 229, Virginia Bill of Rights 103, 282; operation 277; ore illus 155; Virginia City, Nv. 77, 82, 101, 300; photo 325; prices 263; Red River illus 153, Cart 263, 277, Virginia City~ Nevada~ Was A Great Old Wagons Southwest by S, Vestal 98. Mining Camp by F. G. Greulich 101. Wagons West by Philip H. Parrish 95, Virginia Tobacco Goes Through Delicate Wagons West: The Story of Marcus and Process of Curing for Markets by Narcissa Whitman 74, R. C. Flannagan 107. Wa-hon ga-shee (No Fool) port by Visalia, Ca. 100. G. Catlin 32. Visit Colonial Williamsburg with Us Waiilatpu 102, 282, 283. 103, Wake Up~ America by Melvin 0. Steen 500, A Visit to Historic Virginia City Wakpala 11. by A. Drury 101. Walcott, Charles D. photo 491, Waldo, David 286.

(142) INDEX

Walker, Courtney M. 36. Warre, Henry J. 284. Walker, Elkanah 283, Warren, Earl 411, 500. Walker, James 74, Warren, Jonathan T. 283, 286, 303, Walker, Joel P. 288. Warren, Louis A. 73, Walker, Joseph Reddeford 37, 42, 74, 277, Warren, Lyman M. 36, 276. 283, 286, 300; routes of travel 148, Wars Indian 299, 568; Mexican 245; 307. Seminole 245. Walker, M. V. 418. Wartime Tours to Place of Historical Walker, Samuel Hamilton 283. Interest in and near Saint Louis, Walker Exped 282. Missouri 98. Walker Pass 283. Was Jesse James Shot with own Gun? 53, Walker's Discovery of Yosemite by Washburn, Henry D. photo 491. F. P. Farquhar 74, Washburn, Wilcomb E. 50, Wall or rampart guns x Cannon swivel guns. Washington, George 28, 70, 74, 102, 272; Walla Walla, Cradle of Pacific Northwest biog info 531; port 70, 272, History 102. Washington highway map 363; 1859 map Walla Walla Statesman, Sept. 23, 1864, 582. p. 2 excerpt 82. Washington and the Durham Boats 262. Walla Walla Valley 102. Washington Monument 531, Wallace, Mrs. Frances L. 14. Washington Territory map 148. Wallace, Lee A. 22, 245. Washoe County, Nv. game refuge 362. Wallace, Tom 490. Washoe Pines Ranch, Nv. programs in Wallace, Victor 24. science and history 577, Waller, Sid 24. Water Front of St. Louis by Bergen illus Wallis, 0rthello L. biog info 490. 153. Wallpaper News of the Sixties 507, Water pollution 79. Walls, James 98. The Watercolors of Alfred Jacob Miller Walnut Creek, Ca, photo 471, list 72, Walter, Alice Hall 389, Watervliet Arsenal 22, 26, 53, Walters, Raymond, Jr. 168. Watkins, C. E. port 460. Walton, Diana 107, Watkins, C, Malcolm 2, 50, Walton, John 70. Watkins, Richard 15, Wampum 63, 255, 271, 272, 274, 277, 299, Watkins, William N, 207. 316; bibl info 277; description 277; Watson, Warren N. 57, illus 63, 277; production 277; uses Wawona Covered Bridge x Yosemite National 277. Park Wawona Covered Bridge. War clubs 6, 255, 259, 264; illus 255, Wawona History by Shirley Sargent 305. 264; Maori illus 260. Wayburn, Edgar 501. War Clubs vs. Iron Axes 255, Wayne, Anthony port 81, 85, War of 1812 42. Wayside exhibits x National Parks roadside War with Mexico 269. interpretation. Ward, Henry Baldwin obit 492; port 492, Weapons xx names of specific weapons. Ward, Sam 37. Weapons Indian 6, 49. Warner, J. T. x Warren, Jonathan T. Weapons 55. Warner Ranch xx Warren, Jonathan T. Weapons and Equipment of Early American Warner Ranch 282. Soldiers 54, 507. Warnings on Tobacco Came Early in History The Weapons Arts Museum 127. 107.

(143) INDEX

Weapons Used by Presidents' Assassins Western Log Cabin by A. J. Miller illus l27, 153, Weapons Westward.' by R. 0. Ackerman 52. Western Paintings~ Water Colors & Prints Weasel 128. 75, Weaver, Pauline Powell 75, 286. A Western Rubbaboo by A. Woodward, Webb, James Watson 285, preparation 32. Webb, Walter Prescott 55, The Westerners 32, 369. Weber, Walter A, 375; biog info 375; The Westerners Foundation 369. illus 490. Westervelt, Frances A. 63. Weber River map 279, Westfall, Joel J. 305. Webster, Daniel 283, The Westward Crossing by J. Mirsky 75, Wedel, Waldo R, 28, 204. Westward expansion 110. Wedel, Mildred M, (Mrs, Waldo R. Wedel) Whales. 80. l2, 14. Whaling British 80; New Bedford 80; Weil, Wendy 239, Norwegian 80. Weinland, Joseph E. 99, Wharton, William P. photo 493, Wells, Frank Evarts 74. What Causes Gun Barrels to Burst? 157, Wells, John E. 370, 371, What Changes in National Park Policy Would Wells Archaeological Salvage Project 87, Make the Parks More Useful to the Wells Fargo 58, People and Provide More Recreational Welsh, Peter C. 57, Areas? by Newi; on D. Drury 362. Welsh, William D. 95, What Goes on Here? by Carl P. Russell Welter, Jack 63, 579, Weltner Museum 24. What Uncle Sam is Doing for the Memorials Wentz, Roby 195, and Battlefields of the Civil War Weppner, Joseph S. 363. by Ronald F. Lee 503. Were the Blackfoot Rich in Horses? by Wheat, Carl I. obit 494. J. C. Ewers 62. Wheeler, Artemus 254, West, Helen 63. Wheeler, Robert C. 55, 372, 373, West, Richard 70. Wheel-locks x Rifles wheel-locks. The West bibl 80. When Fort Benton Was the Big Trading Post West India Co. x Dutch West India Co. 82. West India House, Amsterdam illus 255, When Is A Horse Not A Horse by Ruth Appel The West of William H. Ashley by 265. D. L. Morgan Carl P. Russell review Where are the Primary Sources: A General 241. Survey of Documentary Material Per West Point 269. taining to Lewis and Clark by The West That Was 72. Carl P. Russell 329, 330. Westchester - Hudson River - West Point Where Did the Plains Indians Get Their by C. F. Bates 68. Horses? by F. Haines 62. Western Conference National Park Conces Where the Buffalo Roamed by B. Draper 49. sioners 363, Whips 277, Western Council for Travel Research 327, Whiskey x Alcohol. The Western Fur Trade in Pictures Whiskey in the Early West by B. Curtis 44. by Carl P, Russell 163. Whitcraft, Tom 363, Western Literary Messenger, April 1843- White, Elijah 42. May 1844 159. White, John 75; drawings illus 75,

(144) INDEX

White, John R. 362, 559; biog info 376; Wilbur, Ray Lyman biog info 494; port caricature 498; obit 494; port 475. 494. White House China of the Lincoln Ad.mini- Wilcox, Arthur 105, stration by M. B. Klapthor 50. Wilcox, Richard 66. White, Stewart Edward obit 494, Wilcox, Robert H. 5, 9, 162. White, Wes 11, 141. Wild America by Roger Tory Peterson and Whiteman, Robert 6, James Fisher excerpts 499, Whitman, Marcus 36, 37, 74, 102, 263, Wild Men of the Mountains by 264, 277, 283, 288, 291; port 74, William Brandon 75, 102, 151, 283; port, authenticity Wild Rice 15. 283. The Wild West of the 1830s as Seen by a Whitman, Narcissa Prentiss (Mrs. Marcus Baltimore Artist by J. H. Jackson 72. Whitman) 36, 74, 95, 102, 283; port Wildcat Hills 42. 74, 102, 151. Wilder, Clarence J. 81. Whitman, Robert C. 7, Wilder, Mrs. E. M. 362. Whitman Breaking Road up Hams Fork, 1836 Wilder, Mitchell A. 43, illus 155, Wilderness 500; preservation 501; Whitman Massacre 36, survival 128. Whitman Mission 37, 102; illus 153, Wilderness: A Squandered Heritage Whitman National Monument 21, 102; map by the Sierra Club 500. 251. Wilderness and Wild Areas, 1952 Western Whitman-Spalding marker photo 95, U.S., Minnesota, and North Carolina Whitner, Robert L, 18. map 363, 546. Whitney, C. E. 2. Wilderness areas California list 499; Whitney, Eli 52, 251; biog info 248; philosophy of preservation 499; port 248. preservation 501. Whitney, Josiah Dwight 574. Wilderness Bill 367, 372, 500; contro- Whitney Gallery of Western Art 368, 533, versy 501; hearings 370, Whitsell, R. B. 312. Wilderness Bill (1939) 499. Whittern, Jessi.e Dunten 559, Wilderness Bill (1959) 499, Whittington, Hiram A. 76, Wilderness Management by Louis W. Hallock Whitworth, George F. 364, 496. 549, Whortleberries x Blueberries, A Wilderness Musewns's New Phase Who Was the First President of the by A. Frankenstein 207, United States? by E. C. Burnett 70, The Wilderness Our Children Deserve by Whose Land? by Carl P. Russell 579, David Brower 370. Whose Wildlife? by Carl P. Russell 579, Wilderness Preservation System map 501. Wicks, Charles J. 2. Wilderness Rendezvous Period of the Wickson, Gladys C, 10, 168. American Fur Trade by Carl P. Russell Wickstrom, George 70; port 70, 244. Wideen, Albin 63. The Wilderness Society 362. Widow Gets Vincent Astor Estate 68. Wildlife illus 501; photo 501; pre Wiedemann, Paul 328. servation 500, 501. Wiedenhoff, Rita 560, 561. Wildlife management 373, 553, Wiegand, W, G. 91, Wildlife Management in the National Parks The Wi-Iyohi by South Dakota Historical by A. S. Leopold and others 553, Society 11. Wilkins, Caleb 36,

( 145) INDEX

Wilkinson, James 269, Winterhur Program in Early American Willamette Valley settlement 282. Culture, 1958-1960 367. Willard, Alexander Hamilton 305, 324, Wirth, Conrad Louis 9, 329, 362, 363, 327, 364, 365, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, William Billinghurst Revolving Rifle 254. 372, 373, 468, 499, 526; biog info William H. Ashley by J. A. Bryan 69. 495; port 33l, 402, 4ll, 495; The William H. Jackson Memorial Wing at retirement 374; retirement, contro Scotts Bluff National Monument versy 495. by H. B. Robinson 75, Wisconsin proposed scientific reserve William Henry Jackson by J. W. Robinson 5l8. 70. Wisconsin Historical Society 253, Williams, Arthur B. 560. Wisconsin Official Markers, a Guide 363. Williams, Ezekial 28l, 283. Wise, Tony l5, 238, 369. Williams, Gaar cartoons 494. Wiser, Peter 283. Williams, Howard R. 363. Wislizenus, Frederick Adolph 285. Williams, John H. 468. Wissahickon Valley, Philadelphia, Pa. 53l. Williams, R. L. 363. Wissler, Clark 520; obit 496. Williams, S. R. 45. With Padre Kina on the Trail 11 11 Williams, William Sherley ( 0ld Bill ) 36, by F. C. Lockwood 70. 43, 46, l28, 28l, 283. With Prefabs, Pemmican and Great Pains, Williamsburg, Va. 50, l03, 53l; exhibition Navy Gets Under Way to Antartic buildings, handbook 53l; restoration by M. H. Cadwalader 26l. 53l. Witthoft, John 28. Willmarth, Philip R. 55, Wittry, Warren L. 16, 57, Wilmar, Carl 30. Wode, Edgar M. ll. Wilson, Benjamin D. 286. Wohl, R. Richard 168. Wilson, Clifford P. 5, 9, 3l, 39, 87. Wolf l28. Wilson, Julian 286. Wolfskill, William 283, 286; routes of Wilson, Leo K. obit 494. travel, l830 l48, Wilson, Thomas C. 364. Wolfsohn, Joel D. 362. Wiltsey, Norman B. 55, Wolverine l28; illus l28; skins, pro Wimar, Carl (or Charles) 39, 74, 284; duction 26l. painting illus 74. Wolves 276; skins, production 26l; Wind Cave National Park South Dakota by weights l28. Carl P. Russell 579, Women 277; bibl info 277; Indian 277, Winder, Arthur R. 362. Wood, Homer W. 363, Wine press illus 265, Wood, R. Cooke 369. Wingate, B. K. 55, Wood, W. Raymond 7, 207, Wingate, Edward G. 499, Wood River, Il. 323. Winnebago Indians 269, 273, 274. Woodring, Sam port 498. Winson, Anson P, 50. Woodward, Arthur 2, 5, 6, 7, ll, l4, 3l, Winsor, Mulford 363, 32, 36, 42, 43, 45, 56, 57, 63, 65, Winter, George 74, 284; paintings 66, 72, l38, l62, 207, 245, 272, 277, illus 74. 32l, 372, 373. Winter Encampments of the Revolution Woodward, Dorothy 93. 547. Woodi»orking Tools 1600-1900 by P. C. Welsh Ta/inter Fun in Yosemite by J. R. Muench 57, l05,

(l46) INDEX

Woolworth, Alan R. 2, 4, 24, 28, 50, 137, Woon, Basil 8, Wooten, Richens 286. The Word 'Park' in the United States by Albert Matthews 546. Work, Hubert 503, X Work, John 42, 277, 281, 283, 286, 288; itinerary 282; port 151; route (1831-32) 282; routes of travel 148. Working in Yosemite by Yosemite Park and X Y Co, 282. Curry Co, 537, Xavier de Charlevoix, Pierre FranQois x Works of Art by Charles M. Russell, Charlevoix, Pierre FranQois Xavier de Charles A. Beil, 0. C. Seltzer 73. World War I Reminiscences of Morris M. Keck 468. Wortell, Fred G. 24. Wosky, John B. 558; biog info 375, 496. y Wounded Knee 102. Wounded Knee: A Look at the Record by E. D. Scott 102. Wounds treatment, methods 263; treatment, methods, Indian 263, Yakima's Ridgerunners Take Scouts on Wright, A. Gilbert 321. Cannon Hunt 158. Wright, Charles H, 362. Yale Receives First Field Notes of Lewis Wright, Muriel H. 363. and Clark Expedition 325. Writ on Rocke by B. Sparkes ,97, Yandon, Keith E. 372, Writing for Publication by Service Yard, Robert Sterling 362; port 497. Employees by National Park Service Yardley, Ralph 0. caricatures of NFS 363. superintendents 498. Writing materials 277; bibl info 277; Yeager, Dorr G. 36, 102, 362, 496, 499. Lewis & Clark Exped illus 349; Yellowstone (steamboat) illus 135. prices list 277. Yellowstone Act, 1872 374; authorship Wyeth, Nathaniel Jarvis 36, 42, 83, 276, 372. 282, 285, 288; port 83, 151; route Yellowstone Elk Studies 580. of travel (2nd exped) 288. Yellowstone Exped (1819) 269, 282. Wyeth Exped (1832) 279, Yellowstone Exped (1825) 269, 282. Wyoming 109; hist 42; hist bibl info Yellowstone Exped (Jones, 1873) 294. 42; maps 102, Yellowstone History by Carl P. Russell Wyoming Chronological History and Yellowstone National Park 72, 104, 283 Government by D. W. Greenburg 102. 362, 363, 571; buffalo 549; Buffal Wyoming: Frontier State by V. Linford, Pool xx Yellowstone National Park criticism 42. Buffalo Spring; Buffalo Pool 533: Buffalo Pool, notes 533; Buffa 7 Ranch 362; Buffalo Spring Y' stone National Park Buf~ Buffalo Spring photo exploration 283; P

(147) INDEX

Yellowstone National Park (cont) early Yosemite and Its High Sierra by photo (1896) 425; elk 550; Fishing John H. Williams 538, Bridge Museum photo 533; gamekeeping Yosemite Centennial 374, 497; geysers 532, 552; geysers, The Yosemite Centennial by Carl P, Russell activity, research 447; geysers in 568, 580. winter 449; guidebook, 1907 533; Yosemite Field School Alwnni News Letter guides 533; hist 362, 369, 370, 374, 537, 449, 532, 568; Madison Junction Musewi1 Yosemite Field School of Natural History 362; Madison Junction Museum, exhibit 362, 482, 569; classes, 1952 list plan prepared by Carl P. Russell 572; 538; program 362. Madison Junction Museum cost 369; Yosemite Head Will Take Leave to Write Madison Junction Museum photo 533; History 160. Madison Junction Museum, planning Yosemite in Retrospect by Carl P. Russell 368, 369; Madison Junction Museum, 580. proposed 369; Madison Junction Museum, Yosemite Indians 71, 362, 482, 502, 538, prospectus 369; Mammoth Hot Springs 558, 568. Museum 362; Mammoth Hot Springs Yosemite Indians and Other Sketches Museum photo 533; Mammoth Hot Spring by Mrs. H. J, Taylor 538, Museum photo, 1930 362; Mammoth The Yosemite Master Plan, Preface by Hot Spring Museum, prospectus 369; Carl P. Russell 580. maps 533; museum photo 533; Norris Yosemite National Park xx 100 Years in Geology Room, exhibits 577; Norris Yosemite by Carl P. Russell. Geyser Basin photo 533; Old Faithful Yosemite National Park 59, 70, 74, 76, photo 533; Old Faithful Museum 362; 104, 105, 160, 242, 301, 469, 536, overuse 499; photo 447; Reminis 537, 538, 558, 567, 573, 574, 576, cences of Charles Marble ("Buckskin 577, 578; acquisition of sugar pines Charley") 532; report of the Super 538; Ahwahnee Hotel 558, 559; appro intendent, 1872 533; slides 360; priations 578; bibl info 362; Big tourist study, 1950 533; trailside Oak Flat Road 536; book sales, 1959- exhibits photo 533; winter sports 1961 371; budget 362, 570; business hist 369; Yellowstone Lake distur concessions 565; business concessions bance of wildlife 499; Yellowstone hist 536; Camp Curry 558; Campfire Lake maps, discussion 71; Yellow Day 364; campfires, public 559; stone Lake motorboat zoning 499; churches 536; churches hist 558; Yellowstone Lake motorboat zoning, creation of 565; early photo 460; proposed 369; Yellowstone Lake public early photo, description 375; entrance use plan map 499; Yellowstone Lalte fee 363; fire fall 558; flowers 263; zoning 369. geology 367; guidebooks 538; Half Yellowstone National Park Dome 104; Historic Center 301; by Marie M. Augspurger 532. Historic Center illus 301; Historic Yellowstone's Bannock Indian Trails by Drawings by Carl P. Russell 243; Wayne F. Replogle 533. hist 305, 366, 414, 418, 460, 536, Yokes oxen illus 155, 558, 567, 568; hist bibl info 305; Yorktown in Virginia 104. hotels 362, 558, 559; horses 537; Yorktown, Va. 50, 103, 104, 535, influence on NFS 569; interpretation Yosemite Act (1864) 374, 537, 362; interpretation, statistics, 1922- Yosemite and Economics by Carl P. Russell 1962 371; interpretive programs 569; 580. interpretive programs, hist 578;

(148) INDEX

Yosemite National Park (cont) Jorgensen The Yosemite Valley and the Ma1'iposa Big Cabin 471; Mariposa Big Tree Grove Trees, A Preliminary Report (1865) 538, 558; mining 567; mining hist by Frederick Law Olmsted 538. 570; mountain climbing 472, 501; Yosemite Valley Chief by Hal Johnson museums 573; museums, garden 558; 469. museums hist 578; museums photo Yosemite's Pioneer Cabins by 538; natural resources 580; natura Robert F. Uhte 537, lists and nature guides, 1922 photo Yoss, Frank 468. 370; Nature Guide Movement 506; Young, Ewing 36, 282, 286, 303; exped nature guide service hist 568; Old (1831-1834) 43; exped (1831-1834) Timers convention, 1943 536; 100th map 148, 303. Anniversary, celebration 538; over Young, Rogers W. 234, 309, use 363, 501, 536, 580; ownership Young, Stanley Paul 108, 275, 276. 558; park naturalists list 569; Young Man Afraid of His Horses (Indian private lands 575; private lands Chief) port 146. map 373; regulation of use 578; Young's Bay, Or. illus 153; photo 331. roads and trails 362; snow conditions Yount, George C. 283, 286, 303. 536; Tenaya Canyon, road and parking Yount, Harry port 497, area map 582; Tioga Road 100, 363, Your Hunting Knife Has A History 66. 367; tourist travel, 1855-1951 chart Your National Parks 546. 538; transportation 362; travel Your National Parks, a brief history 502, report, 1946 558; travel report, 1948 578; visitors, 1855-1903 574; visitors list 363; visitors, summer 1962 371; Wawona Covered Bridge 366; winter travel, 1930-1948 chart 536; z women, pioneer, 1856-1900 list 375; Yosemite Master Plan 362, 363; Yose mite Museum 362, 389, 468; Yosemite Museum hist 362, 363, 422, Yosemite National Park Travel Survey by Zahniser, Howard 560. U.S. Dept. of the Interior 538. Zeeman, Diane 207, 210. Yosemite Natural History Assoc. 362, 369, Zehner, Charles 469, 370. Zepp, Erwin C. 2, 162, 167; biog info Yosemite Nature Notes 362; discontinued 496; port 496. 1961 371; 1949-1950 540; 1951-1952 Zimmer, Edward S. 368. 541; 1953-1954 542; 1955-1956 543; Zimmerman, A. C. 43. 1957-1958 544; 1959-1961 545. Zion National Park, Ut, 539. A Yosemite 'Old Timer' Passes Away by Zion National Park, Utah Carl P. Russell 580. by Carl P. Russell 580. Yosemite Park and Curry Co. 362, 363. Zone of the Fur Trade of the Southwest Yosemite Souvenir and Guide by map 148. D. J. Foley 538. Zumwalt, Joe 74. Yosemite Superintendent Gets Guggenheim Zuni, NM. 4. Fellowship by Carl P. Russell 160. Yosemite: The Story of an Idea by Hans Huth 536, 538.

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Jaw Post Split Two pins,

THE HIATT TRAP OWNED BY C. P. RUSS

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