In Two Land Use Types in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India

Home , Haldia, Purba Medinipur district, Tamluk, Tamralipta

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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Diversity and community structure of Odonata (Insecta) in two land use types in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India

Prit Ranjan Pahari, Shubha Sankar Mandal, Subhadeep Mait & Tanmay Bhatacharya

26 April 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 6 | Pages: 13748–13755 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4139.11.6.13748-13755

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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2019 | 11(6): 13748–13755

Diversity and community structure of Odonata (Insecta)

Communication in two land use types in Purba Medinipur District,

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) West Bengal, India ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Prit Ranjan Pahari 1 , Shubha Sankar Mandal 2 , Subhadeep Mait 3 & PLATINUM Tanmay Bhatacharya 4 OPEN ACCESS 1,2,3 PG Department of Zoology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721636, India. 4 Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected]

Abstract: The present study recorded a total of 45 species of Odonata, of which one species, Ischnura mildredae, was recorded for the frst tme from West Bengal in India. Thirty-eight species were found in Tamluk Municipality as compared to 21 species in Haldia Industrial Belt (IB), with 14 species common to both the localites. Index of similarity revealed that the two localites were slightly dissimilar in odonate faunal compositon as only 47% of species were shared. In both the localites, Anisoptera was more abundant, comprising over 69% of the total odonates. Libellulidae was the most abundant Anisopteran family in both the localites, comprising over 66% of the total odonates. Coenagrionidae was the most abundant Zygopteran family in both the localites. Thirteen species of Anisoptera and 11 species of Zygoptera were found only in Tamluk whereas two species of Anisoptera and fve species of Zygoptera were found only in Haldia IB. Crocothemis servilia, Pantala favescens, and Ceriagrion coromandelianum were the dominant species in Tamluk while Brachythemis contaminata and Orthetrum sabina were the dominant species in Haldia IB. Based on the values of Shannon index, Tamluk was considered unpolluted (=3.16) and Haldia IB moderately polluted (=2.43). Higher equitability index (J=0.87) and very low dominance index (0.06) in Tamluk indicated homogeneity in community compositon and relatvely stress-free equitable environment. The present investgaton suggests that Odonata can be used as bioindicators of industrial polluton.

Keywords: Anisoptera, Coenagrionidae, dominance index, ecological indicator, equitability index, Haldia Industrial Belt, Libellulidae, Shannon index, Tamluk Municipality, Zygoptera.

DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4139.11.6.13748-13755 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:710EB1F0-9327-4BEA-B11A-19862D9BDAD0

Editor: K.A. Subramanian, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai, India. Date of publicaton: 26 April 2019 (online & print)

Manuscript details: #4139 | Received 16 March 2018 | Final received 08 November 2018 | Finally accepted 01 April 2019

Citaton: Pahari, P.R., S.S. Mandal, S. Mait & T. Bhatacharya (2019). Diversity and community structure of Odonata (Insecta) in two land use types in Purba Medin- ipur District, West Bengal, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(6): 13748–13755; htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4139.11.6.13748-13755

Copyright: © Pahari et al. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Self-funded.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Author Details: Priti Ranjan Pahari, Assistant Professor, PG Department of Zoology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal is PhD from Vidyasagar University. Shubha Sankar Mandal and Subhadeep Maiti are PG fnal semester students, Department of Zoology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal. Tanmay Bhattacharya is a PhD from University of Calcuta and is a retred Professor & Head of the department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University. He was also coordinator of Environmental Science, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal and former member of the Polluton Control Bord of Tripura and Wildlife Advisory Board of Tripura.

Author Contributon: PRP designed the research work and contributed in writng. SSM has contributed in feld work, data collecton & documentaton. SM has also contributed in feld work, data collecton, documentaton and preparaton of graphs & tables for manuscript. TB has contributed in data analysis, interpretaton & write-up and overall supervision.

Acknowledgements: Authors express their grattude to the Principal, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya for providing facilites.

13748 Odonates of Purba Medinipur District Pahari et al.

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

Odonates play a crucial role in ecosystem stabil- The present study was carried out in two diferent ity and act as indicators of environment changes since localites representng diferent land use types (Fig. 1) the larvae of some species are sensitve to pollutants from July to December 2017. Samples were collected (Villalobos-Jimenez et al. 2016). Being predators both fortnightly between 10.00–16.00 h. The frst study site, in aquatc and aerial lives, these are good bio-control- the district town of Tamluk, is a semi-urban municipal ling agents for mosquitoes and blood-sucking fies (Nair area (22.260–22.304 0N & 87.902–87.935 0E, alttude 2011). The order Odonata includes 6,256 species under 6m, average rainfall 1,550mm, temperature 13.6–35.6 686 genera worldwide, of which 487 species under 152 0C) harbouring many small water bodies, most of which genera and 18 families are found in India (Subramanian are fsh ponds studded with aquatc weeds. The town & Babu 2017). Early taxonomy of Indian Odonata was is located on the bank of the river Rupnarayana. Small provided by Fraser (1933, 1936). Odonates of West Ben- canals and tributaries of Rupnarayana are the main lo- gal were studied by Ram et al. (1982), Srivastava & Sinha tc systems of the area. The second locality, Haldia In- (1993), and Mitra (2002). Srivastava & Sinha (1993) re- dustrial Belt (IB; 22.029–22.093 0N & 88.085–88.181 corded 178 species of odonates from West Bengal. In 0E, alttude 8m, average rainfall 1,450mm, temperature the present study, odonate fauna under two land use 14.1–34 0C), is an industrial area with a port located types, a semi-urban area and an industrial area, was in- at the juncton of the rivers Hoogly and Haldi. Indian vestgated to explore how human alteraton of environ- Oil Corporaton Ltd., Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd., TATA ment may infuence the density and diversity of odonate Chemicals Ltd., Emami Biotech Ltd., Mistubisi Chemical species. Corporaton, Exide Industries Ltd., Shaw Wallace India

Figure 1. Study sites with sampling locatons in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2019 | 11(6): 13748–13755 13749 Odonates of Purba Medinipur District Pahari et al.

Ltd., Electrosteel Castng Ltd., Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd., Sørensen’s Index of similarity being 0.47 indicates that and Dhunseri Petrochem & Tea Ltd. are the main indus- 47% of species are common and that the two localites tries in this area. According to a report of the West Ben- are slightly dissimilar in odonate species compositon. gal Polluton Control Board (2009–2010), Haldia IB has a While 23 species of Anisoptera and 15 species of Zy- very high concentraton of air pollutants like SOX, NOX, goptera were recorded from Tamluk, 12 species of An-

CO, CO2, and O3. Both localites are situated at an aerial isoptera and nine species of Zygoptera were recorded distance of only 32km. From each locality, 10 sampling from Haldia IB. Interestngly, in Haldia IB, the families sites were selected representng diferent habitats. Gomphidae and Macromiidae were absent, which were represented by one species each in Tamluk. A higher Collecton, preservaton, documentaton, and identf- number of species recorded from a less disturbed area caton and a lower number of species from a more disturbed Adult odonates were sampled from each study site industrial area as found in this study is supported by the using insect nets. Quanttatve measurements of odo- earlier works of Allen et al. (2010), Subramanian (2010), nates were done through the line transect method fol- and Nayak & Roy (2016). Tiple & Koparde (2015) opined lowing Burnham et al. (1980). Specimens were photo- that aquatc vegetaton has a regulatory role in the fau- graphed with a digital camera (Sony HX200V). Species nal distributon of Odonata. This might explain the high- were identfed following Subramanian (2005) and also er numbers of species in Tamluk. In Tamluk and Haldia by using the webpage indiaodonata.org. The Odonate IB, Anisoptera was numerically more abundant compris- community structure was analyzed with the help of PAST ing 69.5% and 77.3% as compared to Zygoptera which sofware. The dominance status of each species was as- comprised 30.5% and 22.7%, respectvely (Fig. 2). cribed on the basis of relatve abundance following En- The peponderance of Anisoptera over Zygoptera as gelmann’s Scale (Engelmann 1973). Faunal similarity or in the present study was also reported by Manwar et al. otherwise between the localites was determined using (2016) in Maharashtra, who accounted this to be due to Sørensen’s index (Sørensen 1948). their higher dispersal ability, wide range of habitat preferences, and higher tolerance level as compared to Zy- goptera. Moore (1957), however, was of the view that RESULT AND DISCUSSION dragonfies are more sensitve to pollutants than damselfies. In Tamluk and Haldia IB, Libellulidae, with 19 Forty-fve species of Odonata were recorded under and 11 species, respectvely, was the most abundant An- two suborders and six families from the study sites. Of isopteran family, representng 66.2% and 76.6% of the these, one species, Ischnura mildredae, was recorded for total odonates (Fig. 3). the frst tme from West Bengal and fve species, namely, Such a preponderance of Libellulidae over other Neurothemis intermedia, Aciagrion pallidum, Agriocne- families was also well-established in diferent regions mis lacteola, A. pieris, and Ceriagrion olivaceum were of India by earlier works, namely that of Arulprakash reported for the frst tme from Purba Medinipur District & Gunathilagaraj (2010), Tiple et al. (2012), and Nayak (Table 1). Tamluk, an area with many weed infested wa- & Roy (2016). In both Tamluk and Haldia IB, Coenagri- terbodies, had 38 species as compared to 21 species in onidae was the most common Zygopteran family with Haldia IB, with 14 species common to both the localites. 13 and eight species, respectvely, representng 27.2%

Tamluk Haldia

Figure 2. Relatve abundance of Anisoptera and Zygoptera in Tamluk Municipality and Haldia Industrial Belt in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India.

13750 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2019 | 11(6): 13748–13755 Odonates of Purba Medinipur District Pahari et al.

Table 1. Diversity of Odonata in Tamluk Municipality and Haldia Industrial Belt in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India.

Scientfc name Tamluk Haldia Scientfc name Tamluk Haldia

Suborder: Anisoptera Family: Macromiidae

Family: Aeshnidae 25 Epophthalmia vitata (Burmeister, 1839) + -

1 Anaciaeschna jaspidea (Burmeister, 1839) + - Suborder: Zygoptera

2 Anax gutatus (Burmeister, 1839) - + Family: Coenagrionidae

3 Gynacantha dravida (Liefinck, 1960) + - 26 Aciagrion pallidum (Selys, 1891)** - + Agriocnemis kalinga (Nair & Family: Gomphidae 27 - + Subramanian, 2014) 4 Ictnogomphus rapax (Rambur, 1842) + - 28 A. lacteola (Selys, 1877)** + - Family: Libellulidae 29 A. pieris (Laidlaw, 1919)** + - 5 Acisoma panorpoides (Rambur, 1842) + - 30 A. pygmaea (Rambur, 1842) + + 6 Brachydiplax chalybea (Brauer, 1868) - + 31 Ceriagrion cerinorubellum (Brauer, 1865) + + 7 B. sobrina (Rambur, 1842) + + 32 C. coromandelianum (Fabricius, 1798) + + 8 B. contaminata (Fabricius, 1793) + + 33 C. olivaceum (Laidlaw, 1914)** + - 9 Crocothemis servilia (Drury, 1770) + + 34 Ischnura aurora (Brauer, 1865) + - 10 Diplacodes nebulosa (Fabricius, 1793) + - 35 I. mildredae (Fraser, 1927)* - + 11 D. trivialis (Rambur, 1842) + + 36 I. rubilio (Selys, 1876) + - 12 Neurothemis fulvia (Drury, 1770) + - 37 I. senegalensis (Rambur, 1842) + + 13 N. intermedia (Rambur, 1842)** + - 38 Mortonagrion aborense (Laidlaw, 1914) + - 14 N. tullia (Drury, 1770) + + 39 Onychargia atrocyana (Selys, 1877) - + 15 Orthetrum sabina (Drury, 1770) + + 40 Pseudagrion decorum (Rambur, 1842) + - 16 Pantala favescens (Fabricius, 1798) + + 41 P. microcephalum (Rambur, 1842) + - 17 Potamarcha congener (Rambur, 1842) + + 42 P. rubriceps (Selys, 1876) + - 18 Rhodothemis rufa (Rambur, 1842) + - Family: Platycnemididae 19 R. variegata (Linnaeus, 1763) + + 43 Copera ciliata (Selys, 1863) - + 20 Tholymis tllarga (Fabricius, 1798) + - 44 C. marginipes (Rambur, 1842) + - Tramea basilaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 21 + - 1805) 45 C. vitata (Selys, 1863) + - 22 Trithemis pallidinervis (Kirby, 1889) + - Sørensen’s similarity index = 0.47 Urothemis signata 23 (Rambur, 1842) + + [* frst report from West Bengal; ** frst report from Medinipur] 24 Zyxomma petolatum (Rambur, 1842) + -

and 21.96% of the total odonates. Large body size and Municipality. These species might be considered sensi- wide range of distributon might be the reason behind tve to pollutants. Jana et al. (2006) also reported some this as suggested by Norma-Rashid et al. (2001). Mem- species of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Orthoptera bers of the families Macromiidae and Gomphidae were which were susceptble to pollutants and not found in recorded only from Tamluk. These families are highly Haldia IB. Based on relatve abundance (Table 2), it was habitat-sensitve and localized to small areas as pointed found that in Tamluk, three species, namely, Pantala out by Subramanian (2005) and Koparde et al. (2015). favescens, Crocothemis servilia, and Ceriagrion coro- The 14 species common to both the study sites (Table mandelianum, were dominant (RA 10.1–31.6 %) and six 1) perhaps have a broad range of tolerance gradient. species were subdominant (RA 3.2–10 %). The rest were Two dragonfy species, Anax gutatus and Brachydiplax either recedent (17 species) or subrecedent (12 species). chalybea, and fve damselfy species, namely, Aciagrion In Haldia IB, two species, namely, Orthetrum sabina and pallidum, Agriocnemis kalinga, Ischnura mildredae, On- Brachythemis contaminata, were dominant, eight spe- ychargia atrocyana, and Copera ciliata, were restricted cies were subdominant, and the rest were recedent and to Haldia IB. As such, these species might be considered subrecedent (Table 3). In the present investgaton, no to be polluton-tolerant. Thirteen species of Anisoptera species belonged to the eudominant category. and 11 species of Zygoptera were found only in Tamluk Subramanian et al. (2008) opined that the presence

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2019 | 11(6): 13748–13755 13751 Odonates of Purba Medinipur District Pahari et al.

Tamluk Haldia

Figure 3. Relatve abundance of odonate families in Tamluk Municipality and Haldia Industrial Belt in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India.

Table 2. Dominance status of odonate species in Tamluk Municipality in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India.

Scientfc name No. of Relatve Dominance Scientfc name No. of Relatve Dominance individuals abundance status individuals abundance status (%) (%) Suborder: Anisoptera 21 Urothemis signata 18 2.06 R

Family: Aeshnidae 22 Zyxomma petolatum 6 0.69 SR

1 Anaciaeschna jaspidea 6 0.69 SR Family: Macromiidae

2 Gynacantha dravida 4 0.46 SR 23 Epophthalmia vitata 5 0.57 SR

Family: Gomphidae Suorder: Zogoptera

3 Ictnogomphus rapax 13 1.49 R Family: Coenagrionidae

Family: Libellulidae 24 Agriocnemis lacteola 9 1.03 R

4 Acisoma panorpoides 17 1.94 R 25 A. pieris 7 0.80 SR

5 Brachydiplax sobrina 23 2.63 R 26 A. pygmaea 32 3.66 SD

6 Brachythemis contaminata 35 4.00 SD 27 Ceriagrion cerinorubellum 9 1.03 R

7 Crocothemis servilia 97 11.09 D 28 C. coromandelianum 89 10.17 D

8 Diplacodes nebulosa 13 1.49 R 29 C. olivaceum 4 0.46 SR

9 D. trivialis 61 6.97 SD 30 Ischnura aurora 13 1.49 R

10 Neurothemis fulvia 17 1.94 R 31 I. rubilio 3 0.34 SR

11 N. intermedia 8 0.91 SR 32 I. senegalensis 29 3.31 SD

12 N. tullia 48 5.49 SD 33 Mortonagrion aborense 7 0.80 SR

13 Orthetrum sabina 13 1.49 R 34 Pseudagrion decorum 5 0.57 SR

14 Pantala favescens 126 14.40 D 35 P. microcephalum 8 0.91 SR

15 Potamarcha congener 19 2.17 R 36 P. rubriceps 23 2.63 R

16 Rhodothemis rufa 9 1.03 R Family: Platycnemididae

17 R. variegata 24 2.74 R 37 Copera marginipes 18 2.06 R

18 Tholymis tllarga 28 3.20 SD 38 C. vitata 11 1.26 R

19 Tramea basilaris 7 0.80 SR [Relatve abundance (RA) <1 = subrecedent (SR); 1–3.1 = recedent (R); 3.2–10 20 Trithemis pallidinervis 11 1.26 R = subdominant (SD); 10.1–31.6 = dominant (D); >31.7 = eudominant (ED)]. [Engelmann 1973]. or absence of certain groups or species indicates the sidered as the most tolerant and best-adapted odonate quality of the habitat. In Haldia IB, Orthetrum sabina and species. As in the present study, Nayek & Roy (2016) Brachythemis contaminata being dominant may be con- also notced B. contaminata to be the most dominant

13752 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2019 | 11(6): 13748–13755 Odonates of Purba Medinipur District Pahari et al.

Table 3. Dominance status of odonate species in Haldia Industrial Table 4. Species diversity, evenness, and dominance indices in the Belt in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India. study area in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India.

Scientfc name No. of Relatve Dominance Indices Tamluk Haldia individuals abundance status (%) Shannon index (H’) 3.16 2.43 Suborder: Anisoptera Equitability index (J) 0.87 0.80

Family: Aeshnidae Dominance index (D) 0.06 0.13

1 Anax gutatus 3 0.70 SR

Family: Libellulidae and decreases with equitability of the environment (Karr 2 Brachydiplax chalybea 4 0.93 SR 1971). Ghosh & Bhatacharya (2018) also opined that 3 B. sobrina 11 2.57 R a low dominance index is indicatve of homogeneity in Brachythemis 4 61 14.25 D contaminata community structures and refects a relatvely stress- 5 Crocothemis servilia 31 7.24 SD free environment. Since dominance index is lower and

6 Diplocodes trivialis 22 5.14 SD equitability index is higher in the Tamluk as compared to the Haldia IB, it may be suggested that the former 7 Neurothemis tullia 15 3.50 SD represents a less polluted and relatvely stress-free en- 8 Orthetrum sabina 119 27.80 D vironment as compared to the later. It may, therefore, 9 Pantala favescens 24 5.61 SD be concluded that shifs in land use type can alter the 10 Potamarcha congener 27 6.31 SD community structure of odonates and that odonates 11 Rhyothemis variegata 5 1.17 R have the potentality to be used as an ecologic indicator 12 Urothemis signata 9 2.10 R of the health of an environment since polluton and per- Suborder: Zygoptera turbance decrease their density and diversity. Further Family: Coenagrionidae in-depth experimental studies, however, are needed to 13 Aciagrion pallidum 1 0.23 SR prove this contenton beyond any doubt.

14 Agriocnemis kalinga 3 0.70 SR A. pygmaea 15 17 3.97 SD REFERENCES Ceriagrion 16 4 0.93 SR cerinorubellum Allen, D.J., S. Molur & B.A. Daniel (compilers) (2010). The Status and 17 C. coromandelianum 29 6.78 SD Distributon of Freshwater Biodiversity in the eastern Himalaya. 18 Ischnura mildredae 2 0.47 SR IUCN, Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland and Zoo Outreach Or- ganizaton, Coimbatore, India, viii+87pp. 19 I. senegalensis 36 8.41 SD Arulprakash, R. & K. Gunathilagaraj (2010). Abundance and diversity 20 Onychargia atrocyana 2 0.47 SR of Odonata in temporary water bodies of Coimbatore and Salem districts in Tamil Nadu. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(8): 1099–1102. Family: Platycnemididae htps://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2035.1099-102 21 Copera ciliata 3 0.70 SR Barhaum, K.P., D.R. Anderson & Z.L. Cauke (1980). Guidelines for line transect sampling of biological populaton. Wildlife Monographs 72: [Relatve abundance (RA) <1 = subrecedent (SR); 1–3.1 = recedent (R); 3.2–10 3–202. htps://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710240306 = subdominant (SD); 10.1–31.6 = dominant (D); >31.7 = eudominant (ED)]. Engelmann, H.D. (1973). Untersuchungen zur Erfassung predozoo- [Engelmann 1973]. gener komponenten im defnierten. Okosystem. Forschungen. Sta- atliches Museum für Naturkunde, Görlitz. Journal of Acta Hydrobio- logica 23(4): 349–361. species in Asansol-Durgapur industrial area. Species di- Fraser, F.C. (1933). The Fauna of Britsh India including Ceylon and versity and equitability indices were found to be higher Burma. Odonata, Vol. I. Taylor & Francis Ltd., London, United King- in Tamluk as compared to those of Haldia IB (Table 4). dom, 423pp. Fraser, F.C. (1936). The Fauna of Britsh India including Ceylon and Since Shannon diversity index was more than three Burma. Odonata, Vol. III. Taylor & Francis Ltd., London, United King- in Tamluk, this land use type might be considered as rel- dom, 461pp. atvely stress-free and unpolluted following the criteria Ghosh, S. & T. Bhatacharya (2018). A short-term survey on the post- winter avian diversity in Corbet Natonal Park and associated areas, of Wilhm & Dorris (1968). Haldia IB, on the contrary, Utarakhand, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(1): 11185–11191. could be regarded as moderately polluted as Shannon htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3220.10.1.11185-11191 index was less than three but more than one. Higher Jana, G., K.K. Mishra & T. Bhatacharya (2006). Diversity of some insect fauna in industrial and non-industrial area of West Bengal, In- equitability value and lower dominance value are indica- dia. Journal of Insect Conservaton 10: 249. tve, respectvely, of homogeneity and relatvely stress- Karr, J.R. (1971). Structure of avian communites in selected Panama free equitable environment. Dominance index increases and Illinois habitats. Ecological Monographs 41(3): 207–233. Koparde, P., P. Mhaske & A. Patwardhan (2015). Habitat correlates with the increase in the harshness of the environment of Odonata species diversity in the northern Western Ghats, In-

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2019 | 11(6): 13748–13755 13753 Odonates of Purba Medinipur District Pahari et al.

Image 1. Brachythemis contaminata (male) Image 2. Crocothemis servilia (female)

Image 3. Pantala favescens (male) Image 4. Orthetrum sabina (male)

Image 5. Ceriagrion coromandelianum (male) Image 6. Ischnura mildredae (female)

13754 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2019 | 11(6): 13748–13755 Odonates of Purba Medinipur District Pahari et al.

dia. Odonatologica 44(1/2): 21–43. Subramanian, K.A. (2005). Dragonfies and damselfies of peninsular Manwar, N., S.A. Ahmad, R.S. Pandit & V. Wankhade (2016). Seasonal India—a feld guide. In: Gadgil, M. (ed.). Project Lifescape Series. variaton in diversity and abundance of Odonata at Swanga-Vitho- Indian Academy of Sciences, Banglore, India, 118pp. ba Lake, India. Journal of Entomology 13(5): 170–178. htps://doi. Subramanian, K.A. (2010). Report on Biodiversity and Status of Riv- org/10.3923/je.2016.170.178 erine Ecosystems of the Western Ghats. Western Ghats Ecology Mitra, T.R. (2002). Geographical distributon of Odonata (Insecta) Expert Panel. htp://westernghatsindia.org/commissioned-papers. of eastern India. Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 19(1): Accessed on 10 July 2012. 1–208. Subramanian, K.A. & R. Babu (2017). Checklist of Odonata (Insecta) Moore, N.W. (1957). Territory in dragonfies and birds. Bird Study 4: of India. Version 3.0. Available online at htp://www.zsi.gov.in/App/ 125–130. importantlinks.aspx?link=209®=209 Nair, M.V. (2011). Dragonfies & Damselfies of Orissa and Eastern In- Subramanian, K.A., S. Ali & T.V. Ramchandra (2008). Odonata as indi- dia. Wildlife Organisaton, Forest & Environment Department, Gov- cators of riparian ecosystem health: a case study from southwestern ernment of Orissa, 54pp. Karnataka, India. Fraseria 7: 83–95. Nayak, A.K. & U.S. Roy (2016). An observaton on the Odonata fauna Tiple, A.D. & P. Koparde (2015). Odonata of Maharashtra, India with of the Asansol-Durgapur Industrial Area, Burdwan, West Bengal, notes on species distributon. Journal of Insect Science 15(1): 47. India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(2): 8503–8517. htps://doi. htps://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iev028 org/10.11609/jot.2572.8.2.8503-8517 Tiple, A.D., S. Paunikar & S.S. Talmale (2012). Dragonfies and damsel- Norma-Rashid, Y., A. Mohd-Sofan & M. Zakaria-Ismail (2001). Diver- fies (Odonata: Insecta) of Tropical Forest Research Insttute, Jabal- sity and distributon of Odonata (dragonfies and damselfies) in the pur, Madhya Pradesh, central India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(4): freshwater swamp lake TasekBera, Malaysia. Hydrobiologia 459: 2529–2533. htps://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2657.2529-33 135–146. Villalobos-Jimenez, G., A. Dunn & C. Hassall (2016). Dragonfies and Odonata of India Webpage. htps://www.indianodonata.org damselfies (Odonata) in urban ecosystems: a review. European Ram, R., V.D. Srivastava & M. Prasad (1982). Odonata (Insecta) fauna Journal of Entomology 113: 217–232. htps://doi.org/10.14411/ of Calcuta and surroundings. Records of Zoological Survey of In- eje.2016.027 dia 80: 169–196. West Bengal Polluton Control Board (2009-2010). Comprehensive Sørensen, T. (1948). A method of establishing groups of equal ampli- Environmental Polluton Abatement Acton Plans for the Industrial tude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content. Det Clusters in West Bengal, 34pp. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs, Biolgiske Skrifer 5: Wilhm, J.R. & C.T. Dorris (1968). Biological parameters for water qual- 2–16, 34 . ity criteria. Bioscience 18(6): 477–481. Srivastava, V.D. & C. Sinha (1993). Insecta: Odonata fauna of West Bengal, pp51–168. In: State Fauna Series 3, Part 4. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Threatened Taxa

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2019 | 11(6): 13748–13755 13755 PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

April 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 6 | Pages: 13631–13814 Date of Publicaton: 26 April 2019 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2019.11.6.13631-13814

Editorial Diversity and community structure of Odonata (Insecta) in two land use types in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India Building evidence for 20 years! – Prit Ranjan Pahari, Shubha Sankar Mandal, Subhadeep Mait & – Sanjay Molur, P. 13631 Tanmay Bhatacharya, Pp. 13748–13755

Artcles Foraging preferences of honey bees Apis cerana in Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India Efect of socio-ecological factors and parasite infecton on body conditon of – A.G. Suhas Krishna & Rajashekhar K. Patl, Pp. 13756–13764 Brown Mouse Lemur Microcebus rufus (Mammalia: Primates: Cheirogaleidae) – Andry Herman Rafalinirina, Jeannot Randrianasy, Patricia C. Wright & Additons to the lichen biota of Assam State, India – Rupjyot Gogoi, Siljo Joseph, Sanjeeva Nayaka & Farishta Yasmin, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Pp. 13632–13643 Pp.13765–13781 Identfcaton of suitable habitat for Swamp Deer Rucervus duvaucelii Short Communicatons duvaucelii (Mammalia: Artodactyla: Cervidae) in Chitwan Natonal Park, Nepal Study of nestng behaviour of Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone – Shravan Kumar Ghimire, Man Kumar Dhamala, Babu Ram Lamichhane, paradisi (Aves: Passeriformes: Monorchidae)from southern West Bengal, Rishi Ranabhat, Khim Bahadur KC & Shashank Poudel, Pp. 13644–13653 India – Nilemesh Das & Shuvadip Adhikari, Pp. 13782–13785 Communicatons A checklist of fsh species from three rivers in northwestern Bangladesh The diversity and conservaton of mammals in the Dodo Coastal Forest in southwestern Côte d’Ivoire, western Africa: a preliminary study based on a seven-year survey – Serge Pacome Keagnon Soiret, Célestn Yao Kouakou, Béné Jean-Claude Kof, – Imran Parvez, Mohammad Ashraful Alam, Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan, Blaise Kadjo, Philippe Kouassi, Peñate José Gomez, Reiko Matsuda Goodwin & Yeasmin Ara, Imran Hoshan & Abu Syed Mohammad Kibria, Pp. 13786–13794 Inza Kone, Pp. 13654–13666 New plant distributon records to Indian states and additon to the fora of Resource selecton by Javan Slow Loris Nyctcebus javanicus E. Geofroy, 1812 Myanmar (Mammalia: Primates: Lorisidae) in a lowland fragmented forest in – Kanakasabhapathi Pradheep, Ganjalagata Dasaiah Harish, Ranbir Singh Central Java, Indonesia Rathi, Joseph John Katukkunnel, Sheikh Mohmmad Sultan, Khoisnam – Mahfut Sodik, Satyawan Pudyatmoko, Pujo Semedi Hargo Yuwono & Naveen, Iyyappan Jaisankar, Anjula Pandey, Sudhir Pal Ahlawat & Rita Gupta, Muhammad Ali Imron, Pp. 13667–13679 Pp. 13795–13804

Species compositon and abundance of rodents in Kafa-Sheraro Natonal Park, Notes Ethiopia: preliminary results – Alembrhan Assefa & Chelmala Srinivasulu, Pp. 13680–13689 Sightng of Arunachal Macaque Macaca munzala Sinha et al., 2005 (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Colour aberraton in Indian mammals: a review from 1886 to 2017 Bhutan – Anil Mahabal, Radheshyam Murlidhar Sharma, Rajgopal Narsinha Patl & – Sonam Tobgay, Kumbu Dorji & Norbu Yangdon, Pp. 13805–13807 Shrikant Jadhav, Pp. 13690–13719 Rediscovery of an endemic Indian moth Gurna indica (Moore, 1879) Nestng trees of the Red Giant Gliding Squirrel Petaurista petaurista (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctinae) afer 125 years (Mammalia: Rodenta: Sciuridae) in a tropical forest of Namdapha Natonal – Aparna Sureshchandra Kalawate, Neha Upadhyay & Banani Mukhopadhyay, Park, India Pp.13808–13810 – Murali Chatakonda Krishna, Awadhesh Kumar & Om Prakash Tripathi, Pp. 13720–13726 The Nepal Pipewort Eriocaulon nepalense var. luzulifolium (Commelinids: Insights into the diet and feeding behaviour of Red-capped Lark Poales: Eriocaulaceae): a new distributon record for southern India Calandrella cinerea (Aves: Passeriformes: Alaudidae) – Murugan Soumya & Maya C. Nair, Pp. 13811–13814 – Mary Mwangi, Nathan Gichuki, Robert Chira & Peter Njoroge, Pp. 13727– 13733

Baseline biodiversity and physiochemical survey in Parvat Kunda and surrounding area in Rasuwa, Nepal – Jessie Anna Moravek, Mohan Bikram Shrestha & Sanjeevani Yonzon, Pp. 13734–13747 Publisher & Host

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