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Home , Bhagabanpur, Purba Medinipur district

INTRODUCTION

To achieve the 4% targeted annual growth rate in the Agriculture & allied sectors as envisaged in the 12 th Five Year Plan prepared by the Planning Commission, Rastriya Krishi Vikash Yojona (RKVY) will surely play the pivotal role if planning & it’s execution is done with utmost sincerity & dedicated efforts. Considering the need of meticulous planning, necessary care has been taken by all concerned to achieve the desired growth rate through exploiting all the potential areas of each & every sector situated in all the corners of the .

Purba Medinipur district is surrounded by the Bay of & of Orissa state in its south, Paschim Medinipur in its West, district in the north and South 24-Parganas in the East.

The district is geographically located between 210 36` to 22 0 57`N latitude and 86 0 33` to 88 0 12`E longitude.

There are 4 sub-divisions namely , , Kanthi & & 25 blocks from the Administrative point of view whereas to look after the Agricultural Department Activities, there exists only 3 sub-divisional Agricultural offices. Entire Haldia sub-division is under Tamluk sub-divisional Agriculture office.

Besides, two Blocks, namely Potashpur & have not been divided for Agricultural Development purposes, although both of these two Blocks have been divided for Administrative purpose. Thus, Agricultural Development Activities is certainly being hampered to a limited extent.

The geographical area of the district is 4,30,140 ha which is 4.7% of the state but the population percentage is 5.58 of the state. The net cropped area is 3,04,800 ha out of which 1,71,968 ha(approx) i.e. 56.4% is having irrigation facility.

The climate of this district is characterized by Hot-Summer with High humidity, abundant rainfall and moderate winter. On the basis of Soil types, the district maybe categorized under 3 Agro-ecological system - AES-I – Loamy clay soil- 6 Blocks. Tamluk, Sahid Matangini, , , Nandakumar & Moyna. AES-II – Coastal Saline Soil-13 Blocks. -I & II, Deshapram, , ,Kanthi-I,II,III, Ramnagar-I&II, Khejuri-I&II, Haldia. AES-III – Clayey loam Soil- 6 Blocks. Bhagwanpur-I&II, Egra-I&II, Potashpur-I&II. Normal Rainfall of this district is 1663.4 mm.

According to SWID (State Water Investigation Directorate) 8 Blocks are in white category i.e. in these Blocks irrigation potentialities may be exploited by hampering ground water. Thus, scopes of significant percentage improvement in the irrigation facilities are there.

The cropping intensity of the district is nearly 172% in the present context of C-DAP due emphasis has been laid on urgent infrastructure Development in all fronts which will play the positive role in boosting up the productivity & thereby production in all related sectors.

Sustenance of productivity without hampering environment has been duly emphasized in the Agricultural Farm. So, implementation of INM & IPM, the two vital components of sustainable farming has been considered an integral part of crop production. Diversification of cropping programme to fatal remunerative price by the farmers has been provided necessary importance.

Good quality seeds is one of the most important critical input which alone can boost up productivity up to 20%. Hence, good quality seed production has been given due importance in the Govt. owned farms.

To improve Fertilizer use efficiency, use of sufficient organic manure is must .So, to encourage the farmers in providing good quality organic manures, construction of Pacca compost pit & vermi compost pit and adoption of scientific technology has been provided topmost priority in the C-DAP. Besides, provisions for supplying Soil ameliorants & Bio-Fertilizers free of cost have also been made in the RKVY.

To stop indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides, use of Bio & Botanical Pesticides has been kept as an important agenda for the save of environment as a whole.

The major crops grown in this district are Paddy, Pulse, Oilseeds, Vegetables, Flowers, Betelvine etc. So, scopes of different crops have been kept to show the farmers, the optimum productivity if the scientific production technology is carefully pursued.

Farmers centric growth in Agriculture and Allied sector through application of technology in specific Agro- Eco system perspective have been taken into consideration to enhenance productivity, profitability and sustainability of Agriculture and Allied sectors.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DISTRICT

To achieve the sustainable growth in agriculture programme like national food security mission has been launched. Rastriya Krishi Vikash Yajona (RKVY) was also introduced to , bring more public investment by the state and central government. Government of shall extend required incentive to the state government if more efforts are taken in increasing the productivity in agriculture and allied sector to achieve grov/th rate of 4% and thereby achieve food sufficiency. The assistance under RKVY by the government of India is conditional and comprehensive district agriculture plan is required to be prepared by the state government. The C-DAP will cover all sectors of agriculture and allied sector to achieve growth rate of 4%. The C-DAP will be co-terminus with the twelfth five year plan.

Purba Medinipur District comprises of 4 Sub-Divisions namely Tamluk, Haldia, , and Egra. The geographical area of the district is 430140 lakh Ha.

The district is surrounded by the and Balasore district of Orissa state in its South, Paschim Medinipur in its West, in the North and South in the East.

Purba Medinipur district is mainly a land of agriculture and more than 80% of the total population is residing in the villages and the rural economy is based on Agriculture and Agro-based small industries.The district Purba Medinipur falls under two agro climatic zones namely, i) Bindhiya 4 alluvium zone covering 6 blocks ii) Coastal saline zone covering 19 blocks.

The Climate of this district is characterised by Hot-Summer with High Humidity, abundant Rainfall and moderate winter. On the basis of soil type, rainfall, source of irrigation, the entire district has been categorized under 3 Agro-Ecological Situations (AES):

AES-1 : Loamy clay soil- covering 6 blocks

AES- II : Coastal saline soil- covering 13 blocks

AES- III : Clay Loamy soil- covering 6 blocks

The major crops grown in this district are Paddy (Aus, Aman & Boro), Wheat, Potato, Oilseeds, Vegetables, Pulses, Jute, Betel vine, Mat stick, etc. Net cropped area of this district is about 304800 ha. The experience of drought and flood are common in this district and sometimes one is followed by another in a year. Normal rainfall of this district is 1683 mm and average rainfall is 1752 mm (12 years avg.).

The district produces adequate quantity of Paddy, Vegetable, while it is lagging behind in production of pulses, oilseeds, and wheat. Attempts have been made to increase the area and production of these crops through different central and state sector schemes. Irrigation sources like Deep Tube Well, Shallow Tube Well, Lift Irrigation, Ponds, Canals and other sources are there. At present only 51% area is under irrigation and cropping intensity is about 171%. Besides agricultural crops, there is ample scope of growing horticultural crops like fruits, flower, etc. Horticulture mission is under implementation to increase production of these crops.

Almost all types of agricultural scheme like ICDP-Rice, ICDP-Coarse Cereal, ISOPOM, RVP, INM, IPM, Farm Mechanization, Soil Health Management, etc, under Macro Mode Management, RKVY, NFSM, ATMA are running in this district to boost up the area as well as production with full support of technology with different training programmes.

Diversifying the cropping pattern in the district is advocated from that of rice based cropping system. By that process, more additional area can be brought under cultivation like pulse, oilseed, etc. If it is done the cropping intensity may be increased from 171% to 182%. Irrigation facilities specially in the un irrigated blocks should be increased in this district. As per report of SWTD, out of 25 blocks, 16 blocks are under 'dark' category, 1 block under 'grey' area, and 8 blocks are in 'white' category. White blocks are suitable for exploitation of ground water resource through installation of tube wells. Attempt has been made to construct Water Harvesting Structures (WHS) and renovate tanks for increasing source of irrigation water, agril-soil conservation, fisheries etc. Present irrigated area is 51% but at the end of 12 th five year plan it could be increased to 54%. Attempts have been made to reach extension facilities to all farming community. More emphasis has been given for strengthening SHGs. Use of fertilizer should be used more judiciously to protect soil health. Seed replacement ratio may be increased from 42 % to 46%. Area under horticulture may be increased from the current level by micro-irrigation practices. Area under turmeric, ginger can be increased in the marginal land. Tuber crops like sweet potato, yam etc, should be brought under cultivation for increasing the total area. Improved management of waste land and degraded land need be done for avoiding further soil deterioration. Extension services may be extended to the farmers of the villages. Incentives may be given to the farmers for cultivation of vegetable. Middle men may be avoided from the vegetable market through creation of awareness among farmers, formation of cooperatives and establishment of farmers' markets etc.

By arranging better breeding facility, feed, fodder and animal care services, the production and productivity of livestock resources can be improved. Arrangement of AI services may be extended for upgradation of indigenous cows, buffalos etc. Development of fodder farm has been initiated for improvement of quality and quantity of fodder in different blocks. Attempt has been made to increase meat, egg production. Suggested strategies have been worked out. Purba Medinipore District has 26985.30 ha of water area in the form of small, medium and large tanks, canals and others. Besides there are some reverie resources. There is ample scope for fish production both in fresh water, brackish water & marine variety. During last three decades the Fisheries Department has made effort in the field of Seed & table fish production by motivating people with training and financial assistance through F.F.D.A. This has resulted in employment generation and uplifted socio-economic condition of the fishermen community.

However, there is a gap between demand and supply of fish in the District. The demand during 2012-13 was 64872.2 MT, while the production is 39891.2 MT. resulting in a gap of 39%. Proper emphasis needs to be given to meet the gap in the l2 th Five Year Plan.

Purba Medinipur is a district with great diversity and lot of potential. However, it too faces several threats due to geographical location. A SWOT analysis is attempted for the district which will be helpful in better appreciating the initiatives being taken for planning and execution of development of schemes.

• THE DISTRICT AT A GLANCE :

East Medinipur (or Purba Medinipur) is one of the 19 administrative of with its headquarters located at Tamluk. The district was carved out of the erstwhile Medinipur district on January 1, 2002.

The district has 4 sub-divisions: Tamluk, Contai, Egra and Haldia .

ORIGIN OF THE NAME TAMLUK

According to some scholars Tamluk derives its name from the Sanskrit word Tamra Lipta meaning "Full of Copper". (Tamluk), lower down the river Hooghly and sea port, had been an important waterway for more than 3000 years. It gels its name from the copper which was mined, as it is even now, at Ghatsila, Jharkhand, Orissa areas which are not far from the city.

According to local folklore the name Tamralipta came from the King Tamradhwaja (which means The King with Copper Flag/symbol) of the Mayura-Dhwaja (Peacock) dynasty. Further, as per Mahabharat's description, the ruling period of the King Tamradhwaja is nearer to the end of the Copper Age. Probably this ancient king had a huge base of copper, and the metal brought prosperity to the region at his time.

HISTORY OF TAMLUK

This ancient port city and kingdom was bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the south, river Rupnarayana in the east and Subarnarekha in the west. The Rupnarayana is the joint flow of the river Dwarkeshwar and the river Shilai.

The Bay of Bengal and these great rivers and their numerous Branches created a prosperous and easy water navigational system fostering commerce, culture and early contacts with the people outside the region. At the same time, these rivers helped to develop the agriculture in this region .

Archaeological remains show continuous settlement from about 3rd century BC. It was known as Tramralipti (in the Purans and the Mahabharata) or Tamralipta (in Mahabharata) or Tamalika (in historical documents) or Tamalitti (in foreigners' descriptions) or Tamoluk (in the ). It was a seaport, now buried under river silt. For this reason, Tamluk has many ponds and lakes remaining today.

In the Mahabharata (Bhishma Parba/Nabam Adhyay) while describing the names of the holiest rivers and kingdoms of India, Sanjay took the name of "Tramralipta" to Dhritarastra.

Tamluk was also known as Bhivas (in religious texts) and Madhya Desh (a^ the Middle State of Utkal/Kalinga and Banga).

The district Purba Medinipore is land of freedom fighters, social reformers and also the motherland of great freedom fighters like Matangini Hazra, Hem Chandra Kanungo, etc. It had been also the pioneer of education renaissance of Bengal.

TABLE: 1: LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL UNITS

Latitu de* Longitude Name of district Name of head quarters The district North South East West

Purba 22"57'10"N 2l".16 '35"N SS I 2"40" E 86 l, 33' 50"E Tamluk Medinipur The Purba Medinipur District is geographically located between 21°36' 35"N' and 22 0 57'10"N Latitude and 86°33"E' West and 88°12'40' E East Longitude and is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal and Balashore district of Orissa state in its South, Paschim Medinipur in its West, Howrah' district in the North and in the East. The district has four administrative subdivisions namely Tamluk, Haldia, Kanthi & Egra alongwith 25 nos Development Blocks, 20 nos of police stations & 5 . Haldia is the industrial subdivision and famous for its port.

TABLE: 3 - PURBA MEDINIPUR DISTRICT PROFILE

1. Geographical Area 4301.40 Sq.Km

2. Population As On 01-01-2001 Total 44, 89,081 Male 23, 08,024 Female 21, 81,057 S.C. Population 5, 14,688 3. Total No. Of Literates 19, 49,298(66%) As On 01-01-2001- Male 16, 78,802(57%) Female 12, 70,496(43%) 4. TOTAL NO. OF POPULATION 28, IN FARMING SECTOR 90,881(64.5%) Land Less Agil Labourers 8, 71,233(30.1%) Land Owner 13,

69,982(47.4%) 6, 49,666(22.5%) 5. No. Of Small Farmers 55,374

6. No. Of Marginal Farmers 5, 80,050

7. No Of Big Farmers 14,242

8. No. Of Agricultural Family 5, 78,176

9. Area under Non Agril Use 90,107

10. Area under Forest 853ha.

11. Barren And Uncultivable Land 2,475 ha.

12. Parmanent Pastures Grazing Land 334 ha.

13. Area Under Orchard And Misc 12,056 ha.

14. Culturable Waste Land 1,115 ha.

15. Net Area Available for Cultivation 3, 04,800 ha.

16. Gross Cropped Area 5, 18,076 ha.

17. Copping Intensity 170%

18. Land Situation High 61,620 ha. Medium 76,449 ha Low 1, 66,731 ha Total 3, 04,800 ha 19. Soil Group Vind Alluvium 1, 22,921, ha Coastal 1, 81,879 ha Total . No. Of Agricultural Family 3, 04,800 ha

20. Soil Type Light 46,270 ha Medium 31,169 ha Heavy 2, 27,361 ha Total 3, 04,800 Ha 21. Problem Soil Saline 52,000 ha Drought Prone 55000 ha Flood prone 65,000 ha Total 1, 72,000 ha 22. Gross Irrigated Area Surface Irrigation 1, 08,980 ha Sub-Surface Irrigations 75,510 ha Total Irrigation 1, 84,490 ha 23. Net Area Irrigated(Potential) 1,04,731 ha(47%)

24. Rainfall Data (in m.m) Average District Normal Rainfall”2011 Tamluk 1470 Kanthi 1624 Egra 1601 Average 1565 25. Temperature in celcious For 2011 Maximum Maximum Nandigram 41.0 82.2 Kanthi 38.5 7.5 Egra 39.0 7.5 36.2 7.3

26. Relative Humidity’201 Maximum Maximum Nadigram 100% 20% Digha 100% 25% 27.Distribution of Land Holding:- Size Of Holding Nos.Holding % of Total Area in ha Up to 1 hectare 5, 80,050 88.26 2, 05,946 Above 1 ha To 2 ha 9.33 70,458 55,374 Above 2 0.19 5,720 ha To 4 ha 969 3, 04,800. Above 6 ha 6, 49,666 Total 100.00 28. No of Administrative 4 Sub-28.Division Agriculture 3 29. No. of Panchayet Samity of (Block) Administrative 25 Agriculture 23 30. No. of Gram Panchayet 223 31. No. of 5 32. No. of K.P.S Circle 226 33. No. of Mouzas 3199 34. No. of Agril. Farm SARF 2 BSF 5 35. No. of Fert Sale Point Co-operative 120 Private 1580 Total 1700 36. No. of Pesticides Sale Point 650 37. No. of Sale Point of Seed 300

38. No. of Farm implement/Equipments: a. implement Hub 6 b. Tractor 100 c.Power Tiller 2000 d. Pump Se 45500 e.Thresher 8500 f. Sprayer 14500 g.Duster 400 h. Sprinkler lrri Set 45 39. Cold Storage Number 1 9900 Capacity mt 40.Ware House Number Nil 41. Nos. of Market Regulated 2 Whole Sale 13 Rural Primary 102 Retail Market 250 42. Market Intelligence Centre 4 43. Price reporting Centre a) Rice Mill 6 Excepting M.I. Centre b) Husking Mill 1 44. Processing Unit (approx) No c) Oil Mill 795 d) Grinding Mill 62 e) Cashew nut Processing 725 f) Jute Bailing Unit 40 g) Soil Testing Laboratory 10

Govt. Nil Private 3 45. Jute Purchasing Centre a) By J.C.I. 1 b) By C-operative 3

Further, as per the census of 2001, the population was 4.41 million and taking into account a modest growth rate of 2.2%, the present population would be around 4.81 million and the literacy rate is around 80%. The important rivers flowing thru the district are the Rupnarayan, Haldi, Kangsabati, Hooghly and Keleghai. The geographical area is 4.31akh Ha and the net cultivable area is 3.048 lakh Ha having soil group i.e. vindday alluvium 1.229 lakh Ha and coastal alluvium 1.819 lakh Ha. Further, around 47% of the land covering around 1.424 lakh Ha is under potential irrigation facilities. It is a matter of concern that the cultivated land area of this district is undergoing gradual division and fragmentation which is not conducive to healthy growth and development of agriculture. The Planning Commissions, Govt, of India has divided the whole country into 15 agro-climatic Regions based on topography, soil types and its problems, elevation, climatic conditions like rainfall, temperature, humidity etc. According to the classification, while the entire State of West Bengal has been subdivided into six agro-climatic zones, the district Purba Medinipur falls under two agro-climatic zones namely, i) Bindhiya alluvium zone covering 6 blocks ii) Coastal saline zone covering 19 blocks.

• DISTRIBUTION OF BLOCKS IN EACH AES

On the basis of soil type, rainfall, source of irrigation, the entire district has been categorised under 3 AgroEcological Situations (AES). The Block/ Taluka wise distribution in the AES is given hereunder:

.TABLE 4 : DISTRIBUTION OF BLOCKS IN EACH AES

Sl no AES I AES II AES III

1 Tamluk I

2 Sahid Matangini Nandigram II Bhagabanpur II

3 Panskura I Nandigram III Egra I

4 Panskura II Mahishadal Egra II

5 Nandakumar Sutahata Potashpur I

6 Moyna Haldia Potashpur II 7 Kanthi I

8 Kanthi II

9 Kanthi III

10

11 Ramnagar II

12 Khejuri I

13 Khejuri II