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Avifauna of Adjoining Coastal Areas of Purba Medinipur District, Southern West Bengal, India

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Avifauna of Adjoining Coastal Areas of Purba Medinipur District, Southern West Bengal, India Cuadernos de Biodiversidad 59 (2020): 1-24 I.S.S.N.: 2254-612X doi:10.14198/cdbio.2020.59.01 Avifauna of adjoining coastal areas of Purba Medinipur district, southern West Bengal, India: additional records and updated list Avifauna de las zonas costeras adyacentes del distrito de Purba Medinipur, sur de Bengala Occidental, India: registros adicionales y lista actualizada Arajush Payra Autor: RESUMEN A. Payra* Ramnagar, Purba Medinipur, India. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en la región del estuario Digha- * [email protected] Shankarpur del distrito Purba Medinipur, Bengala Occidental, India, durante diciembre de 2018 a agosto de 2020. Durante el período de estudio, se registraron un total de 178 especies de aves, incluidas 29 especies no reportadas previamente de la costa de Purba Medinipur. Con Recibido: 11/06/2020 la compilación de registros publicados previamente y registros actuales, Aceptado: 5/08/2020 el número de avifauna conocida de la zona costera del distrito de Purba Publicado: 16/09/2020 Medinipur asciende a 225. El estudio también revela la presencia de nueve aves casi amenazadas y una vulnerable en la zona costera de Purba Licencia: Este trabajo se publica bajo una Medinipur. Se detallan algunos registros nuevos y notables. Licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. Palabras clave: Aves, estuario Digha-Shankarpur, Nuevos Registros, Listado, Costa de Bengala occidental. Cómo citar: ABSTRACT Payra, A. (2020). Avifauna of adjoining coastal areas of Purba Medinipur district, southern West The present study was carried out in Digha-Shankarpur estuary region Bengal, India: additional records of Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India, during December 2018 and updated list. Cuadernos de Biodiversidad (59), 1-24. https://doi. to August 2020. During survey period, a total of 178 species of birds org/10.14198/cdbio.2020.59.01 were recorded from the area including 29 previously unreported species from Purba Medinipur coast. With the compilation of previously publis- hed records and present records, the number of known avifauna of the coastal area of Purba Medinipur district goes to 225. Study also reveals the presence of nine near threatened and one vulnerable bird in the Purba Medinipur coastal area. Some of the new and noteworthy records are given in detail. Key words: Birds, Digha-Shankarpur estuary, new records, checklist, West Bengal coast. 1 Cuadernos de Biodiversidad 59 (2020) INTRODUCTION and Meghna River in the Bay of Bengal (Gopal and Chauhan 2006). At present, Indian Sundarban Avifaunal diversity of a given area or region, act represent about 360 species of Birds (Venkatraman as significant indicator for the evaluation of habitat et al., 2019), of which many globally threatened spe- quality of that particular area or region. Moreover, cies like Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea; avifaunal documentation helps us to understand Baer’s Pochard Aythya baeri; White-rumped Vul- the distribution of particular species in a particular ture Gyps bengalensis etc. were recorded. However, area and time (Peterson et al., 2000; Colin et al., knowledge on avifaunal diversity in the coastal area 2000). Through their immense role in ecosystem of Purba Medinipur district is very fewer and can as pollinators, seed dispersal agents, pest control be achieve from the previous studies of Patra and agents, predators and scavengers, birds provide us Chakrabarti (2014) who reported 86 bird species inestimable ecosystem functioning services. belonging to 10 orders and 35 families only from The coastal area of state West Bengal with about Digha region. Then Payra et al. (2017) listed a total 160 km long coastal tract includes two districts, of 171 species of birds representing 18 orders and namely Purba Medinipur and South 24 Parganas. 54 families from the six coastal sites of the district. Studies on Avifaunal diversity at West Bengal coast To find out complete avifaunal assemblage and to chiefly carried out in the Sundarban mangroves upgrade the known Avifaunal diversity of coastal region (in South 24 Parganas), which is the largest area of Purba Medinipur district, the present study known coastal wetland of the world, shared between was carried out in Digha-Shankarpur estuary region, India and Bangladesh. It lies at the delta region, Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. formed by the confluence of Ganges, Brahmaputra Figure 1. Map showing the survey area of Digha-Shankarpur estuary, Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India 2 Cuadernos de Biodiversidad 59 (2020) : 1-24 MATERIALS AND METHODS culture lands. Coastal forests mainly dominated by Casuarina equisetifolia L. trees mixed with Eucalyp- Survey area (Fig. 1-2) tus globules Labill. and Acacia auriculiformis Benth. Purba Medinipur being the southernmost district Dominated shrubs of the coastal forest are mainly of West Bengal is part of the lower Indo-Gangetic Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Plain and Eastern coastal Plains. The area of district Clerodendrum infortunatum L., Lantana camara is about 4151.64 km2 and with about 50-60 km L., Carissa sp. etc. Mangrove forest patches chiefly long coastal tract from Talsari to khejuri-Hijli area, consist of Avicennia officinalis L. plants, occupied represent 27% coastal environment of West Bengal. mainly at the bank sides of brackish water Champa The region experience mainly Tropical Climate. canal and its small streamlets. Only a few portions During March to June temperature ranges between of fishery lands are used for fish culture and rest are 30⁰-38⁰C and during November to February tem- remains as barren lands. The depths of the fishery perature remains lower (15⁰-25⁰ C). Average annual ponds vary between 0.5 m to 1.5m and are connec- rainfall varies between 1400 mm to 1700 mm. ted with canals through water inlet-outlet system. Present surveys were carried out in about 1030 During winter most of the ponds remains dry, but hectare area of Digha-Shankarpur estuary region the deeper ponds and those are used for fish culture (Lat 21°39'10"N, long 87°33'55"E, 5m a.s.l.). are occupied with water during most the season. Habitats were characterized by coastal forest, coastal Acacia nilotica (L.) and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC fishery lands, brackish water canals, Mangrove forest are commonly seen plants at fishery lands. patch, village woodlands, wetlands, ponds and agri- Figure 2. Different habitat types of study area. A- Estuary area of Digha-Shankarpur. B- Coastal forest at Shankarpur, C- Champa canal and mangrove patches at its periphery. D- Fishery lands, E- Salt pan area near sluice gate. F- Freshwater wetland 3 Cuadernos de Biodiversidad 59 (2020) : 1-24 SAMPLING AND IDENTIFICATION the previously published list of Payra et al. (2017), eight species of birds were not incorporated in the Opportunistic field surveys were carried out present compile list due to doubtful and misiden- during December 2018 to August 2020, by wal- tified records. These are Dunlin Calidris alpine; king along the routes. More than 85 days field Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus; Tickell's Leaf survey was carried out at different types of habitats Warbler Phylloscopus affinis; Rusty-tailed Flycatcher in Digha-Shankarpur estuary. Birds were recorded Muscicapa ruficauda; Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica, in the field through direct observations by naked Chestnut-shouldered Petronia Petronia xanthocollis eye, during 6:00 a.m. to 11:00 am and 1:30 p.m. and Eastern Yellow Wagtail Motacilla tschutschensis; to 5:00 p.m. Photographs were taken in the field Rufous-tailed Lark Ammomanes phoenicura. In this by using Nikon P900 Camera. Identification was present survey 29 species of birds under 8 orders and done with the help of photographic guide books of 22 families were newly recorded from the coastal Grimmett et al. (2011); Arlott (2015) and Grewal area of district. et al. (2016). Systematic arrangement, common Some notable and newly included birds in the names and scientific names follow Praveen et al., updated avifaunal list of the adjoining coastal area (2016, 2018, 2020). According to the seasonal dis- of Purba Medinipur district are discussed here. persal, birds were categorized into Winter Visitor Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina (Fig. 3A): On (WV), Summer Visitor (SV), Resident (RE) and 15.01.2019, two females and one male was seen in Vagrant (VA) (Grimmett et al. 2011). Conservation a fishery pond along with Common Coots. Single statuses of birds were adopted from IUCN Red List. female was recorded from Moyna area by Maiti To updated the avifaunal list of Purba Medinipur (2017). coast, secondary data were obtained from previously Garganey Spatula querquedula (Fig. 3B): More published literatures (Patra and Chakrabarti, 2014; than 10 individuals were observed on 16.01.2020, Payra et al. 2017) and avifaunal records of eBird among the flocks of lesser whistling duck in a fish along the Purba Medinipur coast (eBird 2020). culture pond of Ghersai, adjacent to estuary. About 8 individuals were observed at Moyna, by Maiti (2017). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Common Teal Anas crecca (Fig. 3C): Six indi- viduals (2 males and 4 females) were observed on During the present survey a total of 178 species 10.02.2019 and 11.02.2019 at fishery land near of birds under 16 orders and 57 families were recor- estuary. From Moyna, 2 males were also reported ded from about 1030 ha area of Digha-Shankarpur during January 2017 (Maiti 2017), and during estuary region (See Table-1, Fig. 3-5). With the com- February 2018 one male and one female have been pilation of previously published papers (Patra and recorded (Maiti 2018a). Chakrabarti, 2014; Payra et al. 2017) and records Jacobin Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus (Fig. 3D): of eBird (eBird, 2020), the number of total recor- One individual was observed on 19.08.2019 at ded birds of the Coastal areas of Purba Medinipur fishery land, near Kuliyata village.
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