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Diseases On-Farm Participatory Diagnosis Guidelines

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Diseases On-Farm Participatory Diagnosis Guidelines BIOVERSITY TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 12 Crop genetic diversity to reduce pest reduce to diversity genetic Crop Crop genetic diversity to reduce pests and diseases on-farm Participatory diagnosis guidelines. Version I Devra I. Jarvis and Dindo M. Campilan s and disease and Environment s on-farm Technical Bulletin No. 12 Technical FEM/GEF Fonds pour l’Environnement Mondial FORD FOUNDATION INTERNACIONAL D E L A O IPGRI and INIBAP PA operate under the name PA CENTR Bioversity International CIP Host Pathogen B Supported by the CGIAR ioversity ISBN-13: 978-92-9043-726-0 ISBN-10: 92-9043-726-X Bioversity Technical Bulletins are published by Bioversity International with the intention of putting forward definitive recommendations for techniques in genetic resources. They are specifically aimed at National Programmes. Previous titles in this series: A protocol to determine seed storage behaviour T.D. Hong and R.H. Ellis IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 1, 1996. Molecular tools in plant genetic resources conservation: a guide to the technologies A. Karp, S. Kresovich, K.V. Bhat, W.G. Ayad and T. Hodgkin IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 2, 1997. Core collections of plant genetic resources Th.J.L. van Hintum, A.H.D. Brown, C. Spillane and T. Hodgkin IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 3, 2000. Design and analysis of evaluation trials of genetic resources collections Statistical Services Centre and University of Reading IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 4, 2001. Accession management: combining or splitting accessions as a tool to improve germplasm management efficiency N.R. Sackville Hamilton, J.M.M. Engels, Th.J.L. van Hintum, B. Koo and M. Smale IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 5, 2002. Forest tree seed health J.R. Sutherland, M. Diekmann and P. Berjak IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 6, 2002. In vitro collecting techniques for germplasm conservation V.C. Pence, J.A. Sandoval, V.M. Villalobos A. and F. Engelmann IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 7, 2002. Análisis Estadístico de datos de caracterización morfológica T.L. Franco y R. Hidalgo IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 8, 2002. A methodological model for ecogeographic surveys of crops L. Guarino, N. Maxted and E.A. Chiwona IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 9, 2005. Molecular markers for genebank management D. Spooner, R. van Treuren and M.C. de Vicente IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 10, 2005. In situ conservation of wild plant species a critical global review of good practices V.H. Heywood and M.E. Dulloo Bioversity Technical Bulletin No. 11, 2006 Copies can be obtained in PDF format from Bioversity’s Web site (www.bioversityinternational.org) or in printed format by sending a request to [email protected]. Crop genetic diversity to reduce pests and diseases on-farm Participatory diagnosis guidelines. Version I Devra I. Jarvis¹ and Dindo M. Campilan² ¹ Bioversity Based on the outputs of the participants of the Spoleto, Italy (2002) International, Via Initial Planning Workshop, and the Kunming, China (September 2004) dei Tre Denari 472/a, 00057 Maccarese, and Meknes, Morocco (March 2005) Workshops on Diagnostic Tools to Rome, Italy Understand Farmers’ Knowledge, Beliefs and Practices. ² Social Scientist With the collaboration of: and Network Coordinator, H. Abdelali P.N. Mathur UPWARD Network, Keyu Bai Y. Mbabwine International Potato L. Belqadi M. Movido Escalada Center, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, T. Brown J.B. Ochoa Lozano Philippines J.L. Chavez-Servia Huaxian Peng Bin Chen Jie Qian Luyuan Dai M. Sadiki Zhiling Dao M. Sakalian M. El Ouatil B.M. Sekamatte B. Ezzahiri C. Suarez Capello A. Hamzaoui A. Taibi Yueqiu He C.G. Tapia Bastidas Xiaohong He P. Trutmann E. Katungi Yunyue Wang Chengyun Li Furong Xu Zhengyue Li Jianghong Zhou Bin Liang Youyong Zhu Bioversity International is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well-being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. Bioversity has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Commodities for Livelihoods. The international status of Bioversity is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2006, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. Financial support for Bioversity’s research is provided by more than 150 donors, including governments, private foundations and international organizations. For details of donors and research activities please see Bioversity’s Annual Reports, which are available in printed form on request from bioversity-publications@ cgiar.org or from Bioversity’s Web site (www.bioversityinternational.org). The geographical designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Bioversity or the CGIAR concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Similarly, the views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these organizations. Mention of a proprietary name does not constitute endorsement of the product and is given only for information. Citation: Jarvis DI and Campilan DM. 2006. Crop genetic diversity to reduce pests and diseases on-farm: Participatory diagnosis guidelines. Version I. Bioversity Technical Bulletin No. 12. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. ISBN-13: 978-92-9043-726-0 ISBN-10: 92-9043-726-X Bioversity International Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a 00057 Maccarese Rome, Italy © Bioversity International, 2006 Introduction to the Series The Technical Bulletin series is targeted at scientists and technicians managing genetic resources collections. Each title will aim to provide guidance on choices while implementing conservation techniques and procedures and the experimentation required to adapt these to local operating conditions and target species. Techniques are dis- cussed and, where relevant, options presented and suggestions made for experiments. The Technical Bulletins are authored by scientists working in the genetic resources area. Bioversity welcomes sugges- tions of topics for future volumes. In addition, Bioversity would encourage, and is prepared to support, the exchange of research findings obtained at the various genebanks and laboratories. Crop genetic diversity to reduce pest and disease pressures on-farm v Contents Acknowledgements vii Contributors ix 1. Participatory diagnosis: general overview 1 1.1. Project background 1 1.2. Participatory diagnosis 3 2. Key research questions 5 2.1. Global logframe summary of outputs and activities 5 2.2. Guide thematic questions 7 3. Selection of methods 9 3.1. Guide questions for methodology development 9 4. Criteria and selection of host (crop), pests and diseases, sites and participants/respondents 19 4.1. Criteria for host (crop), pests and diseases 19 4.2. Criteria for site selection within selection countries and host-pest/pathogen systems 22 4.3. Regional site and village sites 23 4.4. Participant selection within sites 26 5. Phases in data collection 29 5.1. Overview of phases and methods 29 5.2. Schedule of implementation and training support 29 6. Review of secondary data 35 7. Guidelines for collection of participatory diagnostic data (FGD; community level; individual surveys) 37 7.1. Guidelines for collection of FGD data 37 7.2. Guidelines for community-level data 54 7.3. Guidelines for individual interviews 58 8. Checklist of data and technical assessment methods 71 8.1. Overview of technical assessment 71 8.2. Guide questions for technical assessment 73 9. Data processing of participatory diagnostic data 77 9.1. General overview 77 vi BIOVERSITY TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 12 9.2. Collecting participatory diagnosis (PD) field data 78 9.3. Methods of data processing 80 10. Analyzing participatory diagnosis (PD) data 85 11. References 89 11.1. Secondary literature from China, Ecuador, Morocco, Uganda 89 11.2. General manuals for participatory approaches 100 Crop genetic diversity to reduce pest and disease pressures on-farm vii Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the United Nations Development Programme Global Environment Facility, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the governments of Switzer- land (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation) and Germany (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit/Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit) and the Ford Founda- tion for their financial support. We owe special thanks to Paola De Santis for her helpful inputs to the document preparation and to Paul Neate
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