CUNELFORM TEXTS
FBOM BABYLONIAN TABLETS, &c.,
IN THE
With 50 Plates qf Cuneijbrm Texts and 4 Collot,zjpe l'lutes.
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SOLD AT THE BRITISH bIUSEUI'I; AND AT LONGMAXS Sr Co., 39, PATERNOSTER ROW; HERNriKU QUARITCH, 11, GRATTOX STREET, NEW HONI) STKLiKT; ASHER & Co., 14, BEDFORD STREET, COVENT G.kI [ALL RIGNTS RESERVED..] LOXDON : HARRlSON AXD SONS, PXIV'L'ERS IN OXlllUARY TO 111s MAJESTY, ST. MAKIIK'S 1.dx6. Part XXVI of " Cuneiform Texts from Babylonia13 Tablcts, etc." contains tcxts from three baked clay cylinders and twenty-six tablets, the greater number of which are here published for the first time. The first thirty-seven plates are devoted to the text of a recently acquired cylinder (Lo. 103000) of Sennacherib, king of Assyria rrom K.C. 705 to B.C. 681. It is the longest inscription of Sennacherib chat has yet been recovered, containing two hundred and fifty-three lines rnorc than the famous " Taylor Cylinder." The new information of a historical character which it affords, is of the greatest importance, and concerns two campaigns which the Assyrian army undertook in the years B.C. 698 and B.C. 695. The former was an cxpeditior~ into Cilicia, and the text relates, from the Assyrian point of view, events of which details have hitherto only reached us froin the fragmentary narratives oF Greeli historians. A great part of the cylinder is taken up with a very full accou~ltof the i~nprove~nentswhich Sennacherib carried out in the city of Nincvch, including interesting details of the size uf the city, and of the royal palace, and new i~ifor~natio~lconcerning the sources from which Sennacherib increased the water-supply oi thc city. Rut the most important information from a topographical point of view is that co~lcerningthe city wall and its gates. IIere, for the first time, wc are furnished with a list of the names of the fifteen gates of Nineveh, together with notes as to their relative positions. The new cylinder was probably found it1 thc structure of the wall of Nineveh, beside one of the principal city-gates. The last section of this part contains the texts of a numbcr of Astrological Explarmtory Lists, forming a suppleme~ltto the Explanatory Lists of Gods already awivcn in Parts XXIV and XXV. The introduction to the plates, and thc tra~lslatio~lsand copies are the tvorli of Mr. L. W. King, B'l.A., F.S.A., Assistant in the Department. E. A. WALLIS BUDGE. DEPARTMENTOF E,GYPIIANAND ASSYRIANANTIQUITIES, BI~IT~SHMUSEUM. i\ia'embe~ ~zdk,1go9. I The Cylinder No. 103000 arid its relatioii to the other Cylinder- lnscriptioris of Sc~~nacf~eril,...... , ...... § 2. Sennaclierib's Esp~ditio~iiof H.C. 698 and B.C. 695, and the Cilician Campaign, accordi~~gto Alexander Polyl~istor and Nbyclenus ...... , ...... $ 3. Scl~~lacheril-r'sImprove~nerits in Ninc\:eli; the City's Sgstcrn or Fortikcation, and its Fifteen Gates ...... , . 5 4. 'Translatioli of thc Uuilding-inscription on Cyli~iderNo. 103ow PLATE. 1-39 INTRODUCTION. INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIH (PLATES 1-39). $ I. THECYLINDER No. 103000 AND ITS RELATION TO THIS OTIIEK CYLINDER- INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACEIERIB. The inscription of Sennachcrib, No. 103000, published in plates 1-37, is talien from an octagonal cylinder of baked clay, on which are inscribed rccords of his earlier military campaigns, and of the rebuilding and fortification of the city of Nineveh: It is dated in the month of Ab, in the eponymy of Ilu-ittia, the governor of Damascus, all:! gives an account of Sennacherib's principal achievcmcnts up to the summer of the year B.C. 694. The text records two campaigns of Seni~aclicrib,which have been omitted from his later cylinder-inscriptions, not because they were con~paratively unimportant, but mcrcly because Sennacheril> himself took no active part in them. The object of thc first of these, which toolt placc in B.C. 698, was to put down a rcvolt of Ioilian scttlcrs in Tarsus and the coastal regions of Cilicia, in which the local Assyrian govcrr~orof Illubri~also took part ; and it was reildered necessary by their blocking thc Ciliciari road, and holding up all traffic along this important commercial route. Thc impor~anccof the campaign is attested hy the accoui~tsof it which have heel1 preserved from thc worlts of Greek historians. The Arnmenian version or the Chronicles of Eusebius includes extracts from the histories of Alcxandcr Polyhistor and Abydenus bearing on this campaign ; and both thesc were in all probability ultinlately derived from Berossus. The accuracy of Rerossus as a historian is ag-ain attested by the Assyrian monuments. The other subject on which the new cylinder afCords important informatio~lis the topography of Nineveh. I11 addition to giving details with regard to the great size of the city and royal palace, as rebuilt by Sennacherib, the text records the erection of the inner and outer walls of thc city, and enunlerates the names and positions of thc fiftcen city-gates. In fact, the cylinder was inscribed with thc special purpose of commcmorati~lg the coml~letion of the city-wall, and was utidoubtcdly buried in a portion of its structure, probably behind a colossal bull which flanked the entrance of onc of the great gates. Before discussing- the historical and topographical points on which the new text throws light, it will bc well to describe briefly the principal cylinders of Sennacherih, already possessed by the British Museum, and to indicate their relation to the text which has recently been added to the collection. The historical cylinders of Sennacherib, which have hithcrio been published, fall naturally into two classes, distinguished from one another by their outward form as well as by their contents. While illany are of a barrel-shape, i~iscribedwith long lines of text running horizontally from end to end of the cylinder, others are in the forin of hexagonal or octagonal prisms, standing upright and bearing on each face a colu~nllof text. The reason Tor the cnlployn~cntof two forms of cylind~rmay be inferred fro111 the nature of their teats. 'l'hc barrel-cylinders da.te iron1 the earlier years of Sennacherit~'sreign, arid. so long as his tnilital-y cxpcditions were few in number, their surface afforded sufficient spacq for the roy;~lrecords. When, however, in the course of years it was Found necessary to add accounts oi later campaigns, the barrel form of cylin~lcrproved inadoquatc. Space could have been found by cutting CI~LVIIthe description or Sennachcrih's palacc ;it Nineveh, which hullis so 1x1-g-elyin the earlier texts. But work upon the palace still continued, and the ~cndcncywas rather to illcrease thr lengtli of the architectural sections in ;Ln ;Ittempt to chronicle the latest additions and improven~entsto the building. Thus a different fortn of cylinder u7as adopted which gave additional space for thc. narrative. Of the carlier form of cylinrlcr we possess two pl.incipa1 types, reprcscnted by the so-called " Bellino " and '' Rassam " Cylinders. The first of these was found at Kuyunjik by Mr. C. 1. Rich, who frorn the year 1808 until his death in 1821 was the Hon. East India Company's Resident ;it Baghdad. It is datcd in the year B.C. 702, and gives an account ol Scntiacherib's first two campaigns, \ehich he cot~d~~ctedin H.C. 703, and the following year, against Babylon and the Icassites and other peoples on the eastern frontier of Assyri:~; it also fiirnishcs an account of thc work undertaken up to that titne on thc ncrv palace at P4incvch.l Very similar is the " Rassarn Cylinder," also barrel-shaped, which was acquil-cd in 1880, in the course of excavations undertaken by the British Museunl on the site of Sennacherib's palace at Kuyunjilc. It is rlated in B.C. 700, and carries down the account of Sennacherib's reign, two years later than the Uellino text ; thus it includes the record of Sentlacberib's third campaign, which he conducted against Phoenicia and Palestine in s.c. jor, and talies into account the work upon the palace, which had been continued in the in~crval.~ 'Tbc principal representative of the later form of record is the best litlown of all Sennacherib's tcxts. This is the fanlous '. Taylor Cylinder," a large llexagonal prism, which was found at Nchi Yunus by Col. J. E. Taylor in 1830,~and some t\vei~t~-fivcycars latcr was acquired by the British R/Iuseum. It is datcd in the year B.C. 691, and givcs an account of the first eight campaigns of Sennachcrib, and of the buildi~igof the '. Bit liutalli," or Royal Arn~ouryat Nineveh, the site of which is now marlied by the mound and village of Nelji Yun~is.~In contrast to the earlier texts, it is mainly concerned with the military expeditions of the king ; 1 For K. 1680, the " Uellino Cylindcr," st!e the Rahylnnian Room, Case H, No. 5, lixhib. No. 22502. The popular name is derived from the facsimile of the text which Ucllino supplicd to Grotefend, by ~rhurnit was first puhlishcd. liar tlic text, .Tee T.ayard, " Inscriptions in the Cuneiform Character," platc 63 f. ; and Smith at7d Sayce, "History of Sennachcrib," pp. I T., 24 TT., 43 ff., 140 ff. f.( see alsn Rt,uld, "(:atatogne of thc Cuneirorm Tahlets in the Iiuyunjil< (:ollectiun," p. 330 f. 2 For the LLRassam(:yiindcrJ' (80-7-19, I), see tile Babyloniarr Room, Casc H, No. 4, Exhib. No. 22503. Bor new passages give11 by its text and several of its duplicates, set Evetts, "Zeitschrift fiir ~lssgriologie,"111, pp. 311 ff. ; c, also Uczold, " Calalog~ie,"p. i728. Vet Oppcrt, " Erpirlition scientiiiclue en \f4sopotamie," I, pp. 86 f., 305 ; and Bezold, " Korzgcfasster Uberblick uher die habylonisch-assyriscl~cLitcr;~Lur," 1). 96. 4 For the L'Taylor(:yli~~d~~"(55-10-3, 1). see the Dahylonian Room, Case H,Ko. 6, Exhib. No. 91032. For the text, .see Rawlinson, " Cuneiforni Inscriptionsof Western Asia," Vol. I, plates 37-42; and Snlilh n~id Sayce, "Histury of Sennaclierib" pp. 5 K334 iC, 43 fL, 53 ir., 73 if., 79 ff ; rf: also Hezold, "Catalogue,i' p. 1Gr)o. a ninth of the text only is assigned to the building recorcl, and the worlc on the royal palace, which had mea~~wliilebeen completed, is dismissed in a couple of lines. These pcrlectly preserved specimens are representative of thc two classes of historical cylinders which have colne down to us from Sennacherib's reign, and the numerous fragments of similar test that have beer1 recovered, may, in most cases, be assigned to one or other class.' The newly acquired cylinder, the longest 1;nown inscription of Sennacherib, stands midway between these two classes of text, and combines characteristics of both of them? It resembles the " Taylor Cpli~ldcr" in the amount of space assigned to the campaigns, while it treats or Scnnachcrih's building operations at even greater length than the earlier texts. At the satnc time it furnishes i~lformatio~lon both subjects, which is not foutld in any published tcxt of Sennacherib's reign. The campaigns of B.C. 698 and E.C. 695, ~vliichare here recordecl in detail for the first time, are omitted fro111 the " Taylor Cylindcr," although that test recounts three expeditions ~vhichwere undertalcerl in B.C. 694. and the following years. Similarly the recorcl of Sennacherib's worli at Nineveh takes into account the progress made durinq the six years that had elapsed since the " Rassam Cylinder " had been inscribed and buried in the foundations of Scnnncherib's palace on Kuyunjik. The most valuable of the new informatiotl from a topographical point of view concerns the walls of Kincveh anrl the names and positions of its iiiteen Kates, the completion of which the cylindcr was i~lscribeclto commemorate. $ 2. SENNACII~?WIB'SEXPEDITIONS OF B.C. 698 AND 1l.C. 695, 4Sl) 'TIIE ACCOUKT Oi. TllE CILICI~SCA~.~PAIGN ACCOICDING TO ALKSANII~:I:POLYIIISTOR hKD ~~RYDENUS. The carlicr part of Cylinder No. ~ojooo,which records the first five campaigns of Sennachcrib's reign, is a duplicate of' the test upon the "Taylor Cylinder," and does not offer any itnporta~ltvariants3 The corresponderlcc or the earlier colum~ls of the two texts to one another is exhibited in the following table :-~- Cylinder No. 103000, Col. I = Taylor Cylincler, Col. 1, 11. 1--73a. Col. I1 -.- Col. 1, i. 736-Col. 11, 1. 65. Col. 111 - Col. 11, I. 66-Col. 111, 1. 52n. ,, Col. IV, 11. 1-60 = ,, Col. 111, I. 526-Col. IV, I. zo. 1 Fol. duplicates of these two classes of cylinclcrs, which arc preserved in Lhe British Milseum, see Bezold, "Catalogue," pp. 1690, 1728, 2187 f. ; and {or a classification of duplicates bcarillg on the sections dealing writti Sennacherib's hlildin: operations, see Meissner and Rost, "Die Bauinschriften Sanheribs," Leipzi~,1893. 9 The cylinder nieasures from 14 inches to 143 inchcs in hcight, ils diameter fro171side to side varies from 6: inches to 6$ inches, and lroin corner to corner it varies from 66 inches to 7 inchcs ; Lhc faccs of thc cylindel. vary fro111 z+ inches to z; inchcs in brcadth. 'The cylirlder is inscril~edwrit11 seven hundred and forty lines of text, arranged in eight colun~nsas follows : go -1- gG + 95 + gr + gr + r):, + 96 + 8811. The next lon~estinscriptiorl of Scnnacherib is the "Taylor Cylinder," with four hundred and eighty-seven lines of text arranged in six colun~ns; therc thc lines arc slishtly longer Lhan in Lhe new text. It may bc lioted that many of the cylinder-fragments, which are duplicates of Lhe carly colum~lsof the "Taylor Cylii~der" (ree above, n. I), may, like Cylinder No. 1o3ooc, date from periods anterior to B.C. 69,. In that case it is possible that in missing portions of thcir tcxt Lllcy referred to the caml?aigns of u.c. 698 and B.C. 695, ihough this was not the case with I<. 1674 (see below, p. 10, 11. 2). With Col. IV, 1. 61, the new cylincler ceases to be a duplicate of the "Taylor Cylinder," and furnishes information, wliich is not found upon any of the published cylinders of Sennacherih's reign. It may sect11 strange at first sight that the text should give new material of a historical character, which the scrilbe of the " Taylor Cylinder," writing thrcc years inter, omits. Uut the official records oC Scnnacherih's reigri, though they cvcntnally hccatne stereotyped, did not at once assume their later guise. In fact, the ultimate Corm of the cylinder-inscription, so far as concerns the historical sections, was the result of a gradl~alprocess of elimination.' Military expeditions, though of considerable importance in themselves, woulc! tend to drop out of the narrative, if Sennachcrib hacl talcctl no active part in them. During the years which immediately succeeded their occurrence, they wo~iiclcloubtless generally hnve been i~lcludecl in' the foundatio~i-rccordsor the time ;"but, as soon as the king himself had conducted a fresh catnpaign, their place in the text woulcl Le taken by later and Inore flattering additions. This was thc fate of the two latest niilitary expeditions rccorded on the new cylinder, and a11 cxnmination of the nlanner in which they are clescrihed supports the suggested explanation of their absence from the later texts. It will bc noted that the first five campaigns or Scnnacherib are introduced by . .. the rcgular fortnula i-lzn . . , , . g2.r-~-~-zrz,"in my /-first, or second, ur third, etc.] ca~npaign,"and no further information is give11 as to the year in whidi they were carried out. Their place in the serluencc of Sennacherib's oxvn numbered expeditions is cvidciltly regarcled as a sufficient iridicatiotl of date. But in tlie two sections which follow the account of the fifth campaign the regular formula is wanting, and each expedition is introrluced by a reference to the eponymy in wliich it tooli place. Moreover, it will tbe seen that in thc record itself, Sennacllerib slates that llc sent his troops into the disturheii districts, aricl advances no claim to 11avirlg led them in person. It \v;~s,doubtless, for this reason, that nei~hcrexpedition was treated as belor~gingto 1 It may bc noted ilia1 the two chlnpaigns are briefly refcrrcd lo on the ILIen~orialSlab of Sennacherib, whir11 is preserved in the Imperial Ottonlan IVTuse~~rn.The test gives n Lriei sllmmn.ry or Sennacherih's campaigns, nrrd, as it is not concerned 114th the king's own exprditions arrangeil in a nuil~lcrcdscqucnce, the campaigns of E.C. 698 and n.c. 695 have not been omittcil. They are ~nentionediini~~ediarcly after the conquest of Ukku, and it has hitherto Ibceri :rss~~medthat they took place during, or immediately arter, Sennacilcrib's Fikh Campaign. The passage is shorl and ,nay here be quutcd rvith its co~llcxt (~ee 'I Cuneiform Inscriptior~s of Western Asia," Vol. I, plate 4.3, 11. 16-19) : (16) . . . . . (nluJL'7~X.i~ (I 7) o-tfi najwjo~dn-nd~$;~e..$w, ii~rnn fif c~-b,~-8izi-aJ-JiL fzi,?t(pl.) (;nif~~)gi~/ai~ii,?-fi-bli-7lk (18) &fdr-.F(z-lz-ni n-:ray i;in hnkiri nLirzi(pl.)-fi~-nz~aJ-bvl a/l.-kur inn ifrlii nfi-~nu(I 9) (ah) TiZ+?.itf2~111u ftz $o~a?(ii2dfz1) (rrz-lm-li akS~~d(z~d)-~nail-ti~ a-;zn hnr-mu (nlrr);\?z-,gi-fti . . . . . , '' Ukku: logetlrel. with all ils dwellings, 1 destroyed, so thnt il was like a heap ofruins aftcr :in imindalion. The pcople~uftilc land of Cilicia, who dwelt in the higl,ldnds, 1 slew with the sword; their citi~sI deslroyed, I laid mnstc, I burnt with fire. Tilgarimrnu, which is in thc districl of Tahali, I conquered and Lurncd inlo ruins. The city of Nagitn, etc." The test goes on to record the conqucst of Nagilu irl Elam, which took placc in tllc Sixth Cainpaign. 2 Tllis was not iirvar.iahly the case however. We should, for ernmple, have expected at least the first ofthese trizo can~l~aig~lsto be rccordcd on the C~liliderI<. 1674 (Lxllih. No. zzjaW), since llie remains of its date (rep plate 38) prove that it was inscribed cithcr irr n.c. 697, or B.C. 695. h'ur the correspondence of the first four culuinns of' its text lo tlru Taylor Cylinder, see Uczold, " Cnlalogue," p. 329. Now Col. V, 1. 7, conclr~desthe account of Smnacherib's 1"iSth Cal,rpaign hut the section clues 1101 elld lllcre, and the scribe has adclc~lcighl line; on lire general distribution of spoil, elc. This regular formula was employed Tor some pears to conclude thc account of Sennacherih's expcclitions (see helom, p. rg f., 11. 15-22), and its occurrerrce on K. ,674 proves that ihe historical section endcd rrith the Fiflli Ca~npaign. In its account of the palace, Ii. 1674 follows the earlier barrc.I~cylirrders rather than No. 103ooo, though the correspondence of certain passages m;~yLC noted (thus (:ol. V, 11. 16-34rr, 38-52 = KO. 103000, Col. V, 11. 366-57, 6~-7~).The ~llissingportion of tile text prohahly included ;in account ol such work on the fortifications of Kincvch, as had been completed at the timc tlie cylinder was inscribed. the series of tlie Icing's own campaigns, atld, whcn it1 ~.c.694, Sennacherib marched to the Pcrsian Gulf, which his army crossed in pursuit of the fugitive Chaldeans, that expeditio~ibecanie the sixth in the official series, and the two l>revious expeditions, which were dated only by the eponyms in vrrhosc pcriorls of office they had talicn place, were omitted from future records, in order that the sequence of the king's own expeditions might ren~ainunbroken. 'I'o the omission of the two expeditions From the regular series of campaigns we owe the possibility, not only of dating thern accurately, but of ascertaining the ycar jn which Scnnncherili's Fifth Cx~~editionhad taken place. Since the Fourth Expedition was conducted in B.C. joo, arl(:l, as \vc now lcarn from the new cylinder, thc cxpeclitiol~ into Cilicia took place in R.C. 698, it follows tlikit the Fifth Experlition, which was directed against tou7ns in the neighbourlloocl 01' Mount Nipur, may clefiilitely be placed in thc year n.c. 699. It nlay be ~lotcclthat the Fifth Expedition was relatively of small importance. The towns and villages, ~vhichSen~lachcrih relates he sacked, were all situatcd in the 111ountainous clistrict on the east ol the Tigris, itntnediately to the north or Assyria, and their conquest was of little moment from a political or stl-ategical point of view. But Sennacherih himself accotnpanied his troops un that occasion, and lie relates, with pride, how he led the111 "lilie a wild ox:" and climl?ed the peaks of the mountai~ls "like a n~ountaingoat." It is true, tlixt. wherever possil~le, he was carried in a litter, hut ill tlie worst part ol the mo~rntaintmclis, where this was impracticable, he had to get out aiid clarnber up oil foot. For this purely persol~al reason, the raicl against these mountain villages was dignifierl in the royal records as Senslaclierih's " Fifth Campaign," whereas the suhscquctlt exlleclition into Cilicia, an event of far greater. interest and irnport;rt~cc,was onlitted by the royal historians lrom the founclation-records of his later years. By the rccovcry of the new cylinder, which was fortunately inscribed Lefore the " Sixth Ca~npnign,"we obtaiii fix the first titne a cletailed account, from the Assyrian siclc, of tl~cCilicinn expedition, and of another expedition into the neighbouring clistrict of Tahali, cotlrlucted three years later to complete thc worl< of the earlier campaign. The importance of the Cilician expeclition is amply attcstcrl by tlie fact that Rerossus gave a detailed account of it in his history, which was prohahly used by Alexander Polyl~istorand Ahydenus, extracts from \vhuse rlarralivcs linve come down to us in the Armenian version of the Chronicles uf Eusebius.l According to the version given by Polyhistor, whet^ Sennacherih I-racl received ;L rt:port that the (;recl Cilician coast, in which Sennachcrih conquered a fleet of " Grcelc ships." Ahytlcnus also relates that Se~i~~aclierihloundcd an " Athenian tem~~le,"and erec~cdrolurntls of bronze, asid engraved his mighty deeds in letters upon them. Polyhistoi-'s rcinnrk 1 See "Eusebi chronicorum liber I." ed. Schoene, Culs. zi ar~cl37. li 2 about the building of Tarsus "after the likeness of Eabylotl," is explained by ilbydenus, who relatcs that Senl~acherihmade the Cydiius traverse the inirldlc of the ci~yin the samc way as the Euphrates flowed tlirough the tniddlc of Rahylon. Sennacherih's own account of the campaign, which is givcn on the new cylinder, coilfirnms and supplen~entsthe narratives which wcrc taken by Eusebius f'rom the histories of Polyhistor and Abyclenus. We now know that the cveuts tooli place in the eponymy of Sliulmu-belu, prefect of Rimusi, in R.C. 698. According to Sennacherib's account, the trouble in Cilicia was due to tlic revolt oi Kirua, his own goverilor of the city of Illubru, who incited the ilssyrian garrison in Cilicia to revolt. He adds that they reccivecl assistance fron~"the pcoplcs who d~vcltir] Ingir.5 and Tarsus." Thcsc are evidently the " Greclis," who, according to Alex;tnder Polphistor, made a hostile descent upon Cilicia ; aud we tnay further identify them as Ioniatls who had settled in Tarsus and the region of the Ci1ici:ln coast. Sargor~ appears to have alreacty had trouble with Ioliia~lpirates, for he relates that he "drew the lotiiarls . . . . like fish from the sea and gave rcst to Cilicia (sue) and Tyre." ' His actioti may have freed Cilicia from them Tor some titnc, but u7c may corlclude. . that, towards the close of the eighth century, they had succccdcd it1 galnlng a permanent footing on the coast and hacl settled in Tarsus and IngirS. Rendered confident by this success they were cloul~tlcsscluitc rc~tdyto transfer to the land their favourite lnaritin~etactics, and would not bc slow to see the ac1v:tiltagcs of an irgnnised system of highway robbery. Rut they were scarcely strong eno~~ghby thcn~selvesto embark on any aggressive policy in thc intcrior without the conni~~ancc or co-operation of the Assyrian local goveruor, ancl this, we learn from Sennacherib, they secured. Whether the revolt actuz~llyoriginated with ICirua. or the lonians, it is impossible to say, but Sennacherib's trcntlnent of the former, after his deportation to ilssyria, sug-gests that he tooli an active part in the I-cbcllion. The rcsult oi the combined action of Kirua aiicl the Ionians was extrerncly inconvenient to Assyria, for Serinaclierib records that he and his allies seized the Cilician road ancl stopl~ed all traffic. 111 view of the strategic importance of the eastern half of the district (the late Cilicia Pedias), in which Tarsus was situated, the ret~ellion had clearly to be put down at any cost. Thc giwi /!ire, or '' Cilician Road," was one of the main caravan From the routcs connecting Asia Minor with ~..Assyria,. . Babylonia, and Egypt. East two roads cor~vergcdupon the C~liciailplain, one crossing the Alllanus range by the A~nailusPass to the north of Ziiijerli, and the other by the Ueilail Pass and so by the Syrian Gatcs along the coast to the plaiu of Issns. The main exit from the plain was by the famous Cilician Gates, the pass across the Taurus, some thirty rniles to the north of Tarsus, through which the tralfic lrom the East \?iould travel to Cappadocia arid the western districts oi Asia Minor. Ey holding these passes, ;~ilrl particularly that through the Taurus, Tcirux and the Joniails would have cut through one of tlic main comillercial arteries connecting the Assyrian empire with the West, and. for a time they doubtless rcapccl a rich booty by holding up the caravans, until all traffic was suspendecl. Besides the inconvenience entailed by the disorga~iizatio~lof traffic along this important cornrncrcial route, there was the danger that the rebelliotl, if left uiichecliecl, would spread iiito the recently subdued provinces of Syria and Palestine. It was clearly a crisis that called fur speedy 1 Cf: " Cun. Inscr. IVcst. Asia," Vol. I, plale 36, 1. 21 settlement, and would not admit of any leisurely acivancc such as necessarily characterized an expedition accompanied by the royal baggage-train. It was for this reason, we may conjecture, that Sennacherib did not lead his troops in person. In the new tcxt he tclls us that he despatched his archers, spearmen, and chariots to Cilicia, wherc, accordi~igto his account, they achieved a speedy victory. It would be tempting to set this conflict between Ionians and :Issyrians on the bank of the Pinarus, whcrc, in a latcr age, Grceks and Persians met at the Battle of Issus. But Setlnachcrib tells us that thc battlc took place "in the nlidst of a difficult mountain," and we may probably set the sccile of thc conflict in one of the passcs, and not in any part of the Cilician pl;lin. In any case, Kirua and his allies would have avoided the faulty strategy uf Darius, and, being in possession of' the cou~ltry, would have chosen their ground wit11 some care. From Seni~:~cherib'saccount it would seen1 that the capture of Tarsus follu~~cdthe Assyrian victory, and in this dctail wc may perhaps see an indication tliat lcirua and his allics attcrnpted to holcl the Amanian passes, in one of whicli they met their defeat. Thc other alternative is to supposc that they concentrated their forces at the Ciliciar~Gatcs, trusting that Tarsus and the other cities in the plain would be strong enough to rcsist thc Assyrian attack. In that case we may suppose that Sennachcrib's army did not \\Taste time in t;rl I Thc "Athenian temple," with the colun~nsof bronze, ~ncn~ionedby .Abyrlenus (see above, ~.II),was clearly a te~lipleof Ashur in which the ~nenlorialwas set. In vicw of ScnnachcriVs uwn vivid account of his new method of casting bronzc pillars and pedestals fov his palace at Ninevsh (see helow, p. 25 t), the refercticc by Abydenus to the "hronze pillars" of the templc is quite convincing. The Assyriail accoun~of the Cilician campaign of B.C. 698, as given in the-new text, may be rendered as lollows :- TI Sennacherib's campaign of n.c: 695, which is rccorded in the following section upon the cylinder, was renilered necessary by a rc\~olt in thc same region of his 1 Or, " Lllep cut olf lris retreat." 2 Evidently a. form of siejie-engine, prohably with an armourcd roof expanding rearward like a Ry's wings,-hcnce its name; n?an!g-nDu is a Sumerian loa~i-word,or forlned un Lhe analogy of such compounds as du&nllza, .!irmaBh.u, etc. empire. It is probable that the secoiirl taking of Illubru and the deportation of its inhabitants, sufficed for a time to clleck any tetlrlency to rebellio~lin that quarter. But when three years liar1 passed, trouble broke out in Tal~ali,the district to the north-east of Cilicia. Here, Sennacherib tells us, a certain marl nanied Ichidl united the lti~lgdon~of Tabdi, and, made the city of Til-garimrnu his capilal. It is clear that his growing power became a menace to Assyrian authority in that region, and Sennacherib was obliged to dispatch an cxpcditiot~against him. The account of the .campaigr~is broken on Cylinder No. IO~OOO,hut the missing portions of the text il~aybe partly restorcd rronl the iragrnent or a cylinder recently acquired by the Britisli h'luseum.' From this account we learn that the Assyrian forces invcsted Til-yarimn~u,and aster throwing up siege-worl TRANST.ATTOS. COL. V. I. In tlrc c[jorip~riyof Ashnr-b6l-usur, the L.....j governor of [ . . . . . 1, z. a - lzn (aLu)TiZ - g-n - ~i - [iwz - WZIL~ 2. to Til-garijmmu], 3. a - Z~LT~&z jpiz - a - ti (~izAtz~)Ta- [ha - li] 3. a city in tlie district of 'l'a[hali], 4. J'n (m.)lli" (liTi - i Y~YI,ZL- ~ZI- LIIS - SIL] 4. whosc Icingdoln IChidi 5. ir - /?ZL- su hakkC[(pI.) - ial 5. lrad united,-[my] arms 6. ~s-szL-zIII.-~~~~~(aw~PIu)~dh@(l~l.) hayti na-Yi 6. I apljointed, and bowmcn, bca:.ers of Ltuk-ii] [slricl~!~(?)I 7. ZL a~-v2~z-~i-e~~c/~kabdfi(pl.) sz[s~(pl.) 7. and lances?chariots and horses, 8. II.i->?iv.?awz~-Li-i(z ?&-?~/(z-'-iv j[i-r]?~-zY-f?~ 8. my royal troops, I sent against it. g. aZz fu - n - twig2 i~i- i - Lum al- r?iz]?~ - ?na g. I invested tliat city and 10. i-~za[?~a]&-jah e-$i-?,[i u ]~?LY-I?L-zL~.?zd-$i-i 10. by the heaping up of earth [and] the assault of siege-engines I I. and tlie attack of [foot]-soldiers they capturcd thc city. 12. The people togethcr wid] the gods that [dwelt tlierein] 1 countcd as spoil. 13. That city [ . . . . . ] they destroyed, 14. they turned it into mounds arid [licaps] ol ruins. I 5. i-en a ~i~dh~ti(pl.)[.?a] czf-Lz~-/n 15. Aniong tlie spoil of tlrc lands [wlrich] I carricd ofl I No. 1ozg96, prcscrving lragnierrts or three colurnns of tcxt (Cols. V-VTT), duplicate of No. 103000. For Col. V, see helow, n. 3, and plate 38 fur its text. Col. VI corresponds to No. r ajoao, Col. VI, 11. 9-28, and Col. VII to Col. VTT, 11. 7-24. The original cylinder, coT which No. 102996 forn~eda part, was evidently a duplicate of go. 103000,and was probably found bcsicl'c tiic same gate of Xineveh, and on the same occasion; see helow, p. zo. "The sign appars to be bi not and. 3 The ends of 11, 7-22 arc takcn 11-0111 NU. 1o~gg6,Col. V; SE~plate 38. The restorations in 11. 1-14 are conjectural. 4 1,l. 19 -22 have been restored from tile Rull-Inscriptions or Sennacherib ; see '' Cun. Inscr. West. Asia," Vol. 111, plate 13, Nu. 3, 11. 18 if. ; and Smith and Sayce, " Scnnncherib," 12. 98. TRAXSLITERATION-CO~~~~~~~~. T~~ANsLATI~N-~o~~~~~zIE~'. COI.. v. COL. v. 16. 30,000 k[n.?tzl . . . . . '1 n - ri - tu IG. thirty thousand 1bou.s and . . . . .'I shiclds 17. i - na [lib - i - 7 - nu] ah - sur - lizn 17. [froin among them] I collected and I 8. e[li ki - sir S Tl~cconcluding- section of the test inscr-ihed upon Cylinder No, rojmo, gives at1 account of tllc worli which Sennachcrih carried out at Nincveh. This uccul~iesnearly hall the text of the cylinder, and thoug11 mucll of the account of his new palace tallies with that found upon the earlier cylillders of his rci2-11, ~l~anyneu7 details are added. Uut the description of the palace was only included i~ecauseit iornicd the most remarkable building achie~:ementof Scrinncherib's reig-11. The most important part uf the buildiilg-record is that which collccrns the uzalls of Nincvch, inasinuch as the cylinder was dl-awn up with the special object of recording tlicil- comldetion. This is pruvecl by the concluding lines of the inscription, whicli conlain an invocatio~lto future rulers of Assyria to repair the wall of Nincveh, should it ever Fall illto decay, and to replace Sein~ac1~c1-ih'sfoundation-records which were l~uriedin its structure. The descriptiotl or the walls of Nineveh, and the eu~~nlerationor its firtccu gates, coupled with the rererei~ccto tlie wall in the concluding invocation, provc that the cylinder was buried by Sennachcrih in the struclurc of the wall, probably hcsidc one of the principal gates of the city. Uefore discussing in detail the topograpliical inforn~ation supplicd by the new texL, it will l~ewell to give an analysis of its contellts, and a summary of the principal subjects with which it deals. The contents of the buildi~~g--inscri~>tiot~,which follows the account or Serln;l- cherib's canlpaigns upon the Cylinder No. ~ojono,may l~esummarized under the following main headings :- Col. V, 11. 23-jr ...... Introduction. ,, 52-56n ...... SetinaclicriL's labour supply. ,, 566 63 ...... Statc of the former palace at Nincveh. , 64-78 ...... The collectioii of rnatcrials for the new building. Col. V, I. 79-Cnl. VI, I. 14n Preparation of the palace-site and building of its sub- structure. Col. VI, 1. 14b-Col. VII,l. 52 Descl-igtion oi tlie new palace. Col. VII, 11. j3-57 ...... The planting of Scnnachcrib's park. 58-64 ...... Tlie increasc in thc size of Nineveh. "-69 ...... The buildiilg of the Inner Wall of tlie city. ,, 1. 70-Col. VIII, 1. 5 The fifteen gates of Nineveh. Col. VIII, 11. 6-15 ...... The builclitig of the Outer Wall or Nineveh. 16-21 ...... The laying out of gardens above and below thc city. z 2-49 ...... Irnprovanents in tlie city's watcr-supply. ' The traces on KO. 102996 rend >$$, so that neither of the numbers ((( (7- ii~o,ooo,'' nor ((( (7- 7J TBP '' 30,500," can be here rcstorcd. I7 Col. VIII, 11. 50-64 ...... The acclimatization of plants and animals. 65-76 ...... The dedication of the palace and the feasting of the people. ,, 77-87 ...... Invocation to future rulers to repair the wall of Nineveh. 88 ...... Date. From the above analysis of its contents the reader will have little difficulty in following the translation of the text which is given on pp. 21 if. Meanwhile we may select the most important subjects, from a topographical point of view, on which the text affords new information. Thus, the passage from Col. V, 1. 86 to Col. VI, 1. I I, gives new details concerning the preparation of the palace-site, and enables us to correct an error with regard to the additions Sennacherib made to it. The piece of land which was added to the site of the palace by deflecting the course of the Tebiltu is here stated to have been 340 cubits in length 1 and 289 cubits in width. With regard to the area occupied by the palace which Sennacherib built upon the site, it may be noted that, while its width of 440 great suklum2 was not added to in later years, its length, which according to the text now stood at 700 great suklum, was subsequently increased to 914 great suklum. The total height of the palace, including that of its substructure or platform, naturally remained unaltered. Other important data concern the extent of the city of Nineveh itself (cf. Col. VII, 11. 58 ff.). Sennacherib tells us that the' circuit of the earlier city had been only 9,300 cubits. He now incorporated 12,515 cubits from the unoccupied land of the city's enclosure, bringing up its total extent to 21,815 great suklum. But the most important change in the character of the city, and one which was quite successfully carried out in spite of its increase in size, was its system of fortification. The earlier city of Nineveh, Sennacherib tells, was provided with no inner and outer wall. We may conjecture that it had a city-wall of small dimensions, but this could have borne no comparison with the massive double line of defence with which Sennacherib enclosed the enlarged area of the city's extent. The foundation of the Inner Wall, Sennacherib tells us, he laid upon dressed stones, and made it forty bricks, or forty cubits, in thickness, while he raised its height to one hundred and eighty tipki. He gave it a Sumerian title " Bad-imgalbi-galukurra-shushu," which he renders as du-u-rzi sa nam-ri-ru-szu na-ki-ri saz-p:. " The wall whose splendour overthrows the enemy." Equal care was spent on the construction of the Outer Wall, which Sennacherib made as far as possible impregnable. In order to render it impossible to undermine it, he dug down for a depth of forty-five gar until he reached the water- level. Into the water as it stood in his huge trench he sunk masses of rough stone brought from the mountains. The stones, in combination with the water, were well calculated to render any mining under the wall impossible. The Outer Wall itself he built on the foundation he had thus laid below the water level, and right up to the coping at its summit, he faced it with dressed stones carefully jointed, to render it difficult to make a breach. The Outer Wall, Sennacherib tells us, he made high "like a mountain," and, as in the case of the Inner Wall, he gave it a Sumerian name, symbolizing its impregnable character. He termed it " Bad-garneru-khulukhkha," 1 It may be noted that 340 is also the reading of the figure on K. 1675, Col. II, 1. 20 (not " 240" aas given by Meissner and Rost, "Die Bauinschriften Sanheribs," plate 3, 1. 19). In the following line of the same cylinder-fragment the width is given as 288 cubits in place of the 289 of the text. 2 From Col. VII, 11.59-64, it is clear that the great suklum was the equivalent of the cubit. - C which he renilcrs ;ts nrz~yrtl-liten-ma-a-ni: I' [The Wall] that terriries the enemy." Hut cvcn rnorc interesting ~hanthe details with regard to the city's iorlifications is Sennacherih's eiiuincrntion of fifteen great gates u.lnich piercctl the ci~y-w;all,;~nd his notes on their positions. 111 aclditioil to stating the natlle of the rate, and thc sidc ol the city on which it was situated, Scnnachcrih gives the title which lie bestowed upon it. The information supplied hy the iicw text xvith regard to the nalnes and positions of tl~cfifteen gates of Nincvoh may be tabulated as follows :- NAME. TITLE. ahzil (iLujA?f?!t* .?a (aZz~)Af.?zw Zi - buy i?.+zhki (ift~)A?.?w~ The Gate of the god Ashur of the city of May the representative of Aslii~r be !\shur. strong ! nhz~Z (m. i/u)~in-a/li(pl.)-~?T-b(1?(z (?iiiitu) f sa -12 - itz ri - ~IIZ.'~72cr - hi - 7.i 2. Hn/ (~6~1(nluj. n6uZ (nibtid)&r - Lwn - /zz r6n - hi - Art /ii - siil /~ZLY- fa - a - ni 7. { Thc Gate or the land of IChatamkhi 7' 'i~liatbri~igs tlie produce of tlie higlilands. a (Aa nix - 6n - si s, j(i/?t)A(i~rdfir-e-i(2 tje;on/l'i a-7ra ftzlzrtti e Gate or Adad or [ertility. ~~daci,w~Irobestows abundance on the land. [n6/1L (iZi~)/Ve~g~z/in (d71) Tay - bi - :~i [ (iZ!i> Ur - ivz Ya - ,z - gzf .?a - 7/2a - xi - itz ''l~lie (;ate of Nergal of the city of Tarbis? ' -L~rra,who destroys illy enemies. r fii&r)Si7! r(i/ri)Ai~z~i)iizr{~~~>~tcz- ji~ he - /u - ti - 20 10. lo" I~hcGatc of Siri. 'l~annar,who guards my lonlly rliadern. It may bc noted that thc Reverse of R. .++qz (vr 1~latc3g), mrhicli frulll tlic inc:~rionof Tarbis in I. 7 wassup~~osedto refer to the gates of that cily (cj: ~Mcissnerand Rust, 'r13aui~~scl~riiten~p. SV), is really inscribed with an arcoliilt of the yaws of Nineveh, domil to the Qnay-Gate, the second OJI ihc wester11 side. What is l~rcscrvcdof its teat tbegins \r.ith the summary rcfcrring to thc scvcn gates facing so~~thand east, R. 4492, Rev., 11. 2-13 correspoi>ding to Cylinder No. 1a3000, Col. VII, 11. 84-95. Or the live gates mentiorred, only two (the eiglitl~and twclfth) correspond in rlanlc nrld title up011 hot11 texts. In the casc of NAI.~K. TITLE. a6z~L 91;nj - hi - c zL7dlljE - a 7~27~- ?e - fir La$ -$i - ia 11. { TI. {(' The Gate of ll~eWatering-places. Ea, who directs my springs. nhzd kcz - rr - n 71zzi - .Ye - 7-i - Jit 17zi - hi7. - ti da - ad- we I2{ 12. The Quay-C;.ltc. { That briilgs the tribute of thc l~coplcs. (rbul (mRrz~)nrr- ri kizL-ri-e (o?;zPIz~)Sz~-~/zz/-'-nllIL [N?IzI%L)Tc- Tllc Gate of the land of Rari. e-~mki-rih-.?~~ i?-ru-?ih The presents of Surn11'aii and The siiter il. JR~ZILek(z!li ?I;!! - hir - ti ~jo- hi - d(z - (rt i:(z - 10 - 71~a 14' '1.~1ieGate of Liic .L\riii(~ury, 14' l~hatprovides tor all. nbz!! &z - PI - ~TL- zd - yi [(iL~~)Snr-7.-?ii,--it z- Jji~r? 13. 1;. (The Gale of khnnddri. '1 Shxrur, who ~~vcrthro~vst11c king's foe, It will be noted th:rt there are three group.; of zates, the first "towards thc sunrise, facii~gsouth and east," ~licsecond group " facing^ the ~iorth,"and the lhird group ,'faring the west." 'l'11e co111-scof Serl~~acherib'swalls is ~io\v11-iarl:cd by lines of high mounrls. an($, although the city has four sidcs, they cnclosc all area or ii-rcg:-ula.r shape. 'l'l~c side which fronted tlic river faces south-west, and 111: stream, at right an,yles to this, runs :.. shortcr side lriciilg nortli-west. Tliere is iiu iloi~b~thal the third ;lncl second groups of g-ntcs (C and B), described as facing "west " ;tiid '' nortli." were sittiated un these two sidcs respectively. Of the ren~ai~iiilgsides of the city, the wall away from the stream but runtiing~parallel to it, furills the luilges~of thc sides. Tlli:; runs in :r slig-lit ciil,ve and laces, rou:hly, cast-iioi-tl~~-ea<,The remaining side oS the city is very short- no^ Illore than a thuiisand yards in lengtll-and it races, rouglily, south, '1'11~1-cis no cloubt that the greater ~:uii~berof the seven cptcl; forming the first group (Aj pierced the long wall that frtces east-north-east, and it is clear that Scnnacherib's description of the orientation of all the g-ates is nlerely approsimatc. As the gates of the first g-soup rtre said to hce south as well as east, it is evirlent that at least one is to be set in the southern wall, ,411 important question to he clecidcd is whether this wall contained more than one gate. l'hc road through the first gate mentionerl, the Gate of Asl?ur, ol>viously led down stream in the directicln of hshur. in the south-west wall, near the south-west corner of the city, there is a peculiar hrealr in the lint or moutirls which was probably the site of a ::-ate facing southward, as thoug-h lor a road already running south. This might possibly have bee11 the Gate of Ashur. Bril it would tcchoicxlly be on the south-west side of the city, and shoultl t11c1-cforc be loolrcd for ill the third group (C). In that case it woulrl he the si~cof the Abul Iihandi~ri,and the Catc of Ashui- slioulri he set in the 1ar:;er of the two hrcal ~ - ~ ~ ~~ ~~~ - tlie tenth gate name and title dilrer, ivliilc tile titlc nf tlr~niatil and prul~iblythc nolilt oi ilie eltventll arc di~Ccrcnt ~tponI<. .1;1g2 (scc bclom, p. 28, notes r, z, anrl 4). The text cf Nu, 103ooo is clearly to be follo~vcdiii preference to that of I<. qqgr ; the Former know was Sennacli~rih'sown record, while the tablet niay well reprtsenl an extrxct fro111 n latcr copy of thc text, dmwn u11 :~ta timc \i.l~~iithe original. names and tillcs 11nd hccil altered, or the tradition had become corrupt. 1 I hope to have an opportu~iityof returning to this subject iliortly ill n se]>alalepaper on tlie gates. ( 2 noting how the namcs and titles given theill Ly Sennacherib sometimes describe their position and use, or have reference to the districts served by the roads which ,. passed through them. I hus the northernmost gntc on the east-north-east side was entitled as "that which brings the~~rocluceOF the highlands," while the titles or other a0-ate:, such as those for the sixth, eighth, twelfth and thirteenth, are derived from the character of the traffic which passed through them. It is interesting to note that no less than five gates opened on to the river. The n~ostnortherly of thcse Senrlacherib appointed for the dl-awil~gof water, where, at the iarthcst point up stream, the rivcr was unpollutecl by drainage rrolll the city. To the next gate, the Quay-Gate, hc gave the appropriate title "That brings the tribute or the peoples," while the Gate of the Armoury, adjoining Nel~iYunus, he characterized as the pate " that providcs Tor all." One of thc largest of the gates, to judgc fro111 the remains hat still exist, is marked by the double mound in the eastern line of wall, immediately north of the gap through which the road to Erhil passes. Anothcr was the great gate on the north side of the city, which was also excavated t~ySir Henry Layard.' Thc portion he uncovered mas found to consist of a wide passagc, flanker1 at each end by colossal human-headed bulls and winged figures, arid passing through two chambers in the wall. The gatc\vap in the eastern wall, to which reference has already heen made, was also cxamincd by Layarcl, and found LO have been Luilt on a similar plan to the r~orthcrngxtc, though undecorated with sculpture. It is probable that at all the principal gates, such as that on the north side, Scnnacherib buried in the structure of the mall, behind the bulls on each side of thc entrance, clay cylinders, similar to No. 103000. recording his campaigns and the completion of the walls and fi-ates. The cylinder No. 103000 and the fragment No. 102996 were probably both fou~lclin the structure of the satnc gateway." In addition to its record concerning the walls and gzatcs of Nineveh, which it was specially inscribecl to commemorate and by its divine invocations to peserve, the new cylindcr-inscripti011 gives interesting information concerning measures which Sennacherib took to improve the city's supply of water. After rcrcrring to the caclal which hc constructed froin Kisiri, Sc~inacheribgives us ncm details of the manner in which he added to the volume or u7atcr it1 the Khosr, and crnployed it for Ywatering his pla~ltationsand orchards and the cultivated land in the ncig-Iihourhood of the city. He appears to have made a personal inspection of the groundover which his engineers proposed to carry the additional water-supply. I Ie tells us that he took the road to Bft-r&m3me,at the foot of h'Touilt Musri to the north-east or Kineveh, and thcn climbed with difficulty the road to Eln~unakinn&. IIere, ahovc the towns of Dtir-Ishtar, Shibaniba,%nd Suli, were springs, which Sennacherib's cnginecrs ixocecded to employ for the supply of Nineueh. Having built a basin or small reservoir at their source, an aqueduct was constructed hy means of which their waters were added to those of the Khosr. Sctinacherib boasts of the great area of land he was thus enabled to irrigate, both for hiniself and for the people of Nineveh. The trees and plants, which he 1 Sf!e " Nineveh and its Remains," Vol. 1; p. 114 f., and "Nincveh and Rahylon," pp. IZO K Wntil rccently, one of the colossal hl~llsand part of the adjoining colossal winged figure, which flanked the northern galeway cxcavatcd by Sir Hcnry L;~y:~rd,were still standing in thcir original positions But thcy have since been broken up by the natives for lime. "his was the town after which the Sixth Gate or Kineveh mas named; rcc above, p. 18. 21 brought from Chaldea and the Mediterranean coast and acclimatized in his plantation, were, he tells us, more fruitful than in their own countries. 1 One of the class of trees, which he probably imported from the south, he describes as " trees that bear wool " or "hair," 2 and, in a later passage of the text, he states, " The trees that bore wool (or hair) they clipped, and they carded (or shredded) it for garments." 3 It is possible that the tree which Sennacherib here describes was a species of fibrous palm. The other details concerning Sennacherib's plantations, and his park for wild animals, and the trouble he incurred in obtaining the materials for his palace, and the new method of casting bronze, which his craftsmen invented or imported from abroad, are all given in Sennacherib's own words in the section that follows. § 4. TRANSLATION OF THE CONCLUDING SECTION OF CYLINDER No. 103000, RECORDING SENNACHERIB'S BUILDING OPERATIONS. The portion of the text devoted to Sennacherib's buildings forms a single section on the cylinder, and in the following translation it has therefore not been broken up into paragraphs. But with the help of the analysis of its contents printed on p. 16 f., the reader should have little difficulty in following the thread of the narrative. TRANSLITERATION. TRANSLATION. COL. V. COL. V. 23. [i-na u-mi-su-ma Vinua(KI) ma-ha-z]u 23. At that time Nineveh, the exalted town, si-i-ru 24. [ alu na - ram (ilu)] Is - tar 24. the city beloved of Ishtar, of the gods 25. [ sa nap - har ki - dz - di ] - e ildzi(pl.) 25. wherein are all the shrines 26. [ u istarCti(pl.) ba ] .u- u ki - rib - su 26. and goddesses, the eternal 27. [ tim-me-en-nu da-ru-u d]u-ru-us sa-a-ti 27. the everlasting substructure, foundation, 28. [ a ul-tu ul-la i]t-ti si-tir bu-ru-um-me 28. whose design from of old with the writing of the heavens 29. [ is-rat-su is-rit-ma fu-p]u-u si-in-du-su 29. had been fashioned, and whose structure shone brightly, 30. [ a - ru na-a u] Su - bat pi - ris- ti 30. the beautiful place, the dwelling of the oracle, . of art, 31 [ sa minmna um - sujsi -pir ni - kit - ti 31. wherein all manner of works 32. [gi-mir bil-lu-di-e] ni-sir-ti LAL-GAR 32. all shrines and treasures .. 33. [ u t- bt-u - ] ki ibb- - su 33. had been brought, 34. [ a u - tu ul]- la sarrdni(pl. ni) 34. wherein from of old the former kings, 35. [a - ]i - kut mah - ri ab(pl.) - ia 35. my fathers, 36. ul-la-nu-u-a be-lu-ut (mdztu)Assur(KI) e-pu- 36. had ruled Assyria before me, su-ma 37. u - ma - ' - u ba -'u- at (ilu)E- - li 37. and had governed the subjects of Enlil,- 38. ai-um-ma i-na lib-bi-su-nu a-na sumn-dul 38. none among them to widen the city's su-bat ali dwelling-place, 39. e pizs dzri su - te - sur su - ka - a - ni 39. to build a wall, to make straight the streets, 40. u ha - ri - e ri a - ap sip -pa - a- ti 40. and to dig a canal, and plant plantations, 4I. u - zu - un - su ul ib- si - ;a 41. had turned his mind 42. ul uzs - ta - bil ka - ras - su 42. nor had directed his attention, 1 See Col. VIII, 11. 19, 50. 2 See Col. VII, 1. 56. 3 See Col. VIII, 1. 64. TXANSLITEXATION-COIZ~~;LUCII'. TI~ANSI...~~I~~~S-C~~~~;~~LL~~. COL. 7:. COL. V. 43. a-nn ehnZZi kir-hi-;= kzr~ii-mzrri-?nit he-Zzt-ti? 43. 1101 to the palace therein, the dwclli~ig-- pl;lce, the lordly habitalioil, 44. .?a ?-z/ - U/I - 4~ - uzt '3~- 6ni - sn 44. nliose site \was hecome too nnrro\v, 45. E - pi? - ta.? Za ;zafi - ht - ;~tz 45. whose construction \\.;is not healitifl~l, 46. Li - e - st/ 211 id - iZa - a 46. had g:ivc~l his ui~clet-standing, 47. lib - 621 - 21; ul i/i - SIL - 21s 47. nor harl pondcred it in his lieart,- 48. zlz - n - ti (m. i!z~).?iiz - n@(pl,) - P?, - brz 48. I Selii~acilcrih. 47. .?a;* hi? - .?a - ti .Y(w (~~/c?~/I).~??/I;.(I 85. The course of tile Tebiltu TRANSL:~TION-LOIIL~~~~~~~~ cnL. v. 86. I defleclcd fro111 tl~emidst of tile city, 87. and in tlic culti~ttiuliu~rtsi(lc(?) the city I (lircctccl its outl1o~-. 88. i-nn (:AS nzn-lnk r/zi!(pl.) ,$ (iz6iln)pI-i-li 85. In tlie space of half a gan of water four ~,nhiiti(pl.) great blocks or stone 89. 2L - ti kz@ri ak - si - nrtz /;irizi'(pl.) a - pi 89. I covered with bituinci~,all(! rccds of thc reed-bed yo, u h71 -pi - e IL - Sat - vt - sn eZi - .?if - UIZ yo. and r~isliesI spread over them. 91. 340 i7zn I ainiizafzl .FZ&ZZI 91. A piccc of i;lnrl, thrcc hirllclrcd and forty cubits in length, COL. VI. COL. v1. I. 289 272,~ T ~z/piltif I. alid tw~hundred and eighty-nine cubits ill \vidth, 2. &a+-ha-ru zd- tn ki- rib (izd1-11)[111-.r1~-UY 2. from the iniclst of the I-iver IChosr 3. 11 '?a - mi?, - ti 1rZ2 3. and tile cu1tiv;ited ;~re;irolllid tlie city 4. [kli-+~tna-kni-tim-mn hi ~~-6n-ta!i-ii me- 4. 1 took in accordance with the plan. To ;.i-z/i-ti the measure ; 1.- i - i inn4 - 9.2 - e 171 n - i*mz!-di - ;i/n 5. of t!ie earlicr palacc-[jl;ltforln I a(ldcd it, 6. n-1262 .ri-~ii.-ti-.C2~inn I~Oii-$-J;i LIZ-La-n 6. ai~rlI ;-iliscd thc whole of it to ;I heigl~tof 7,i-fi-.?I[ one li~ltidredand ninety tipki. 7. [Z]a-60-vif wildi:(pl.) i-no I/Z!ZZ A,i.?-?(z-ti j, 'That throiigli the lapse or time or by a mighty flood 8. tlir fi)ul~.itzni 16. alabaster, ivory, ~~shi~-wnocI,urkarinnu- wood, I j (i)inzi (iju)crni (i?il)f7~~nztni 17. n~isli:i~~~~u-rnr,ad,ccdar, cypress, r 8, ~~Y~.?IzI(i:ru)e- la112 - 7)z~z-ku (i:~z~).ri-zu - dn- a 18. pine, elammaku-wood, and sindil-wood 19. (I - ucz nzu - fh.6 6e - ZZL - ti - iu 19. for lriy lordly llabitatior~ zo. a6 - ni - nzrz 6f/ 7uzr - kiv - 7,i - te 20. I consti-ucted, ;tnd a portal 21. .t COL. VII. I. through tiiv clcvcr understanding 2. wit11 which the mighty Ninigiazag has ellclorved me, 3. i - na fi - tul - ti rain - 7zi - ia 3. in my own wisdoin 4. a - 7za e - pi? ?Sip - ri s'u - n - t7~ 4. to carry out that \\.or]< 5. ra-622 am-tnl-ZiR-?#a i-na nze-lil:?e-me-ia 5. 1 took careful counsel with myself, and by the decision of my will 6. n me - ?if ka - bit L ti - in 6. and through tlie prnmpting ot my own heart 7. pi - ti - ih erz" zr - 6a - as' - fi7n - ntn 7. I fashioned the bronze castings 8. u - 7zak - R - la niR - la - sw 8. and cunningly executed them. 9 n Y - a - i u a - Zn - ??zit - ta 9. With great beams and wooden frame- works 10. (i:cu)nze.F-ri-e 12 uv!nahb$(pl.) ni-'-ru-ti 10. for twelve shining (?)lions, 11. n - di 12 ?!d&(pl.) I I. as well as for twelve exalted bull-colossi, 12. sfrdti(p1.j .Yu fuk - Zu - Zts 72a6 - ni - tlc 12. complctc in form, 13. 22 (f.) fit - za - za - a - te ?a Rz4 - uc - ha 13. and twenty-two female colossi, 14. ul-sn hi-it-2%-pn 6al-tz! la-Za-n 14. who were clothed with esuberant strength 15.kurn-?n2~-7% si-m-u.F-Si7~ 15. and abounded in might and vigour, 16. Ri - i tc - i7n ili - nzn zi - ' -pi ti - it- ti 16. according to the command of the god I fashioned moulds of clay I 7. ah-ai-nza e-m-a ki-rib-5s a?-taj-pa-ka 17. and pourcd bronze therein, The reference in 1. 87 f. is probably lo divination hy nil and the making of offerings, rather than to ally out-of-date method of casting. Sennacherib's mctnl founders oo\~trusted to their own skill rather than to the intervention of the gods. n T~:.~N~LITER.~TI~Y-CO~~~~~~~IE~~ TRANSLATION-(.OI~~~~~;LPI~ COL. v11. COL. VIl. 18 i - i pi - i - i Z.T - 1 - ) IS. as in casting half-shekel pieces, 19. zc - FaA - Li - fa 7zah - izi - SZL - 7117 rg, an ' At thc cnd of the line, after the sign /,J> arc traccs ivhich look like ~27,but tlicy are probably the result of arr ernsurc by the scribe, and noliring is wanting in the text. Scnnaclicrib licre dcscrihes the iilstallatio~lof the shddOf; borrowed no doubt from Egypt. There is nn cnisure by the scribc bctwcen *d. ;~ndE~V$ ; the end of tile line is written over an crasurc. TRA~SLITER~~TI~N-CO~Z~~~Z~~~~~THAKSI~ATION-colitllz~~~d COL. VII. COL. v11. 54. .Fa fi- rpiii. mX&$(pI.).. .. (in6n)sifl-.. . fin - n - te 54. ahcrcin all kinds of herbs and fruit-trees 55. z~~(i1,)bib - lnt ?ndl(i) 21 jr?iAd,~)IfnZ- di 55, and trees, the producls or the mountains and or Chaldea, 56. a - di 75. "[E - pl - ijz ~i - mi+, 7zn - hi . 7-i 7 j. "Tihit ovcrwlrelins ail roes" 76. a6ul (m. iZu)Sin-aht.~(pl.)-el.-bn?a (l/zl:tld) 76. the Gate of Seiinacherib of the land ol LZal-.ri IChalzi ; 77. (il7~)Er~-lil~I~~zI-~~PL$LIB--~U abu/ (i/Jl),fnjlLn.~ 77. '' Enlii, ivlio cstahlishecl illy rule," Llie Gatc Sa (7n~Pia~)G~z-yirl of Slinmash of the land of G~gal; 78. ?a (in. iluj.Si?z-n/lC(pl.)-ey-dir iGfi rnnli-.xl- 778. "Or Sennaclierib . . . . . '' t 1) 2 TRANSLITERATI~N-C~~~I~~~~~~.TR.?~SL~~IO1\~-conti~zued COL. VII. COL. v11. 81. dl/-;nu& a;-no-an u AN-GURIM hi-rib-in 81. " Thc choiccst of corn and of storcs (?) hu-ai-nlz are ever within it," 82, abzd (ah).% - ba - ai - bn 82. the Gate of tlie city of Shibaniba ; 83. ba-bi-[at bi-szb bur-in-n-7zz n6ul (7niitu)ga- 83. "That brings the produce of the high- fatti-/zi lailds," the Gate of the land of Khatamlihi ; 84. napbar 7 nbt~ll/(pl.) ?1"L (il~~)Snntii84. in all seven gates towards the sunrise, 8 j. g/ti - i/z - rit (idrn)fn- z/ - ti TL (.?di,u)ia - di - z 8 j. facilig south anrl east, 86. az - kid - rn ui - bit - si - i~z 86. I atinounced their names. 87. (ilu)ArCnd .?a - ri - i&@eg~zili n - 7za ??zdti 87. "Adad, who bestows abundance on the laxid," 88, abuL (zln)Adnd fa /rip1 - 6n - sz 88. the Gate of Adad of fertility ; Xg. (ilu)Uu-m .?a-a- COT.. VIII. COT.. V111. I. hi- rib - .?a - 77, - 716 nbzd (~nAtu)Dcz- ri I. enter it." the Gate of the land 01 Kari ; z. pa-&i-dr-at ha-la-ins abul ehalli ma-@-ti 2. "That provides for all," tl~cGate of the Arnioury ; 3. (iiu).!hzrr ?nil-.?ai,z-kiL ni-izb iarri abzd 3. " Sharur, who overthrows the king's foe," &a-azz-dn-u7~i the Gate of . . . . . ; 4. nnpbai- j nhnLl 1 For irbburti~,"dwelling place, natural habitat," cf., iibna, ii,nr/rr TIIANSLITERATION-CO~~~?ZU~~. T~~As~LATI~N-cow~~~~~L~~~ COL. VIII. COL. VIII. 44. i-7za hu?+ 1000 (?e'n>cCr$(pl.) tn-me-mz-n-ti 44. In tlie cold weather one thousand measures of corn-land ir~tllc ncigl~bourhood. 45 din/i 7~ :a)h4 nli r,-icr-an-/my- .?nt-ti-.?a7iz 45. above the city and hclow the city yearly I water. 46. a-nn ffij-fu-hi n-/ah-Li i~~i(p1.)31-nid-ti 46. To bring the course of those waters to rest 4.7. (n!iru)n-gnilz-nzu zl-.?d-Ti-wn ?zi-~-zi-zrhi- 47. I crcatcd a siviirnp, and a reed-plantatiorl ~ih-fo within it 4 as - ti - i 1)a) (in 48. I planted. Igirii-birds, wild swine, 49. A - DAN hi - 5 i-no /i6 - 6i u - 7uni-iir 49. and . . . . . of the forcst I let loose therein. 50. i-nn ?r-ini ili-ma hi-f-iii i,i,-d'ti(pl.) sii, .Fa 50. Ac~orcliil~to tlle comma~ld of the god crb-bur-ti ~vithin the garclciis, r~~orcthan ~vhcn grorvi~?~in their ou7n lands, 5 I. hardnz~ i-i~zbi (Z;~L)si - i7, - cfz~ j I. vines, all liiuils, sirdu-trees, 52. ?,i!i/~il:~~.) rlnnnii i. - I - u j3. aid lierbi; tllrovc luxurialitly. 5 3. (i~zz)i2~?,~iziizi1 (~71)miskanriu 53. Cypresses, ~nislianiiii-trees 54. znp - bar (I.) i - . - I - I 54. aiid all liincls or trees flourished 55. 2" $mu - ui - Su $a - $a - nl - 00% j5. and ~ILI~forth plc~~tif~l~h~ots. 5 p a - a - - ti drznni.? s' - . - 9 j6. l'he reed-plantatinns were most. s~~ccessful; 7 issri(1.1 r()(1.) r-57, the hiril.; ol heaven, the igiril-birds, whose ?IL-Z!-~ZL 11,irne is Tar distant, 58. /Z&z - lzcr ?%. - 172~72- n;n .?n/li!(pl.) (i!u)/;nni gS, built tlieir ncsti, a~rdtlle wild swiiic and A-n~~fii-.?i the . . . . . of thc forcst 59. 24 - rap - i - tii z - it - f ;g. hmuglit i'i~rtliyo~lngin ahi~ndance. 60. (~7r)711i.rA~nn1zu(~>.~z).?I~Y~Iz?PzIL in],-hit ?$- 60. Rfisliannu-tree!; and cypresses, llie product pa-ii-ti rif tlic plnntatioils. 61. &ia~zr^r~)nntLl(pI.) 3 hi-~ib(nr2rw)o;qnni- 6r. and the i-eed-Ids, that rrrere in the swamp, rife ni:-iil-n2n I cul down 62. n - nn .?ip - 71.i /.ri- rib - ti eltipl.) 62. ancl for worl; ~vllcrlrequired in lily lordly palaces 63. be - /I! - ie - ia Zzi e - $24 - 11: 63. 1 LISCC~tlici~~. 6 i - z z ti-II~ I-. 64. The trees that bore wool' they clipped, .cz~-h~z-ti-i.? and they shredded it for garmelits. 65. UI - t11 i$ - 1,; ehnlli - ia zi - &at - tu - 21 65. ~"ltcr I had brought thc worli on tny palace to an riid, 66 (il)2 nu)(pl) &L 2 66. Ashus, the great lord, and tlic gdds and i?h~~,iti(pl.) ~oddcsscs, , 67. a - fi - bz - zit (mn"iz),l?f~~r(~ir)67. who drvcll in Assyria, 68. i - nri hi- b - a ah - Y - I 68. I asseinbled therein, 69. (i117nlel?&>ni&I:(pI.) t-eah-hi-rrra 69. a11d I oficicrcti co~i~ltlcssr~icti~ns 70 ZL - .?at - Zim Ant - m - ai 70. and 111.ought gifts. 71. :anfan (i.- i u &i- 6i - if - ti 71. Oil or sirdu-trees and products 72 ?a il)ir ?a a6 - 6w - ti 72. of the gardens, in grcatcr aLundance than ~n~heiigro\i:i~~g in their own lands, 73. w - hzl - /;n - n a - fin r74 - US - ii 73. I presented. 74. i-nn taf-ri-it ehlli J'n hrz-/in-lfz-te nztlti-ztt 74. At the dedication ol tlie palace 7;. w-.?a-nf-&a-a I - a - i - in 75. I saturated the 1ic;ids of the people of my land (rvith oil;, 6 hiz-.--I z-r-I 76. and their licnrts 1 drcnchcd with wine and mead. 77. n - na n7- - krrl 21 - I~IP i - ?zn .?a~~,iiui(pl.) 77. In artcr clays among the liit~gs,my soils, 7+zn"?*!(l>l,)-ia 7. L (l).-a Y-e-mi tiI 78. \vlioso i\sliu~;that lie may shepherd land ui.?f(pl.) and people, Or lhsir; cf: Col. VII, I. $6. ? Or, Sa71,nn i.?isir-tiz. . ~ TKANSLITERAT1o~-co?ztiizzie~i. 1 R~\~s~~~rn~-cnizLiiz~~e~z. COT,. VIII. COL. \'Ill. 79. i - izaiir - liu - i! .~i- hi?, - .?ZL 76. shall call by name:--- So. e - 71~- ma (ffi~r! .?a - a - LZL So. ~vlieilthat wall S I. i - In6 - 6i - ~~16- :izn e~z- ria - &z~ Y I, shall have ;:ro\n,n old and shall have fallen into dccay, 82. oil - jl21 - 21s - SI! h~ - zid - diF 82. let him repair the ruined ,)arts of it, 83. mz~s~zrfi~(e) ii - ti>. .??,I - i11c - in 83. let lrirn find the inscriptions which record my rlarnc, 24. and let him anoint thcin with oil, Sg. and let him offer a sacrifice and restore each to its placc ! SG. Then Ashur anrl Ishtar 37. will give ear to his prayers. 88. 111 the mor~tli of Ah, tile cpol?ymy of llu-ittia, the governor or L)amascus. II. In this section are i~~clucleiltlir texts of a iiuinhcr ol tablets ;~nrlfra!;ments of Astrological Exl~l;lnatory Lists froni the L.ibrary of Ashur-bani-pal at Nirievch, forming- a supplement to tlie tests published ir~thc two prrcedii~:; parts They are marlied out by the character of their contents as rorniing- ;t class of tablets by the~nsclves,but they do not exhaust the total ii~~rnhcrof the class that :ire ~~IIO~VII. Fur the compilers of the esplanatosy lists did iiot always ;~dopt;L classification by subject matter ill the ;trrnngement of their ~ii:itcrial, d thus it happt.11~that astro1ogic;rl sections somctinies occur in the middle of explanatory compositions of a more general character. 'So take a single instance, the t;thlet K. 260 is an astrological explanatory list, and ~~muldhave been included in this scction, had it not hccn incorporated by the native Rahyloiiian or Assyrian scribes as part of the general esl>lanatury series entitled ~AI:. (:u I) : &-~zt-zj : 6nL-Zzm. Or) the other hand, the t;tblet I<. 4195 (plates 41 F.) is here included, altliough the test LI~OII its reverse includes a syllabary arid a list of synonyms ; for the colophon, \vhich probably gave the title of its series, has not been preserved, :~ndthe text upon its obverse is not only ill1 astrological explanatory text, hut is also it duplicate of K. 2 50 (plates 40 f.). Of tlie priiicipnl explanatory list, which is here published, Inore that1 onc copy was preserved iii Ashur-bani-l~al'sLibrary, and, since fragments of two of the duplicate copies have i~eenrccoverecl, it is possible to restore niuch uf tlie text that would otherwise have bccn missi~~g.The possible restorations may best be i~~ilicatcdby an enumeration of those ipostions uf the text and its duplicates which correspond to one another. Thus I<. 2 50. Obv., Cul: I, 11. 1-13 (plate 40) correspond to I<. 419j, Obv., Col. I, 11. 4-1 7 (ljlatc 42); K. 2j0, Obv., Col. 11, 11. 14-17 correspulid to I<. 4195, Obv.. Col. 11, 11. 1-4. ; I<. 250, Rev., Col. IV. 11. <~-2rcorrespond to I<. 4195, Obv., Col. 111, 11. 1-19 ; and K. 2 jo, Rev., Col. IT, 11. 1-6 (platc 4r) correspond to I<. 8067, Rev., Col. 11, 11. I I-r4 (plate 44). Of these duljlicates, 1<. So67 is in the Neo- Babylonian character, unrl has not been rendered into Assyrian by the copyist. In ncreneral, thc different copies of the test follow one another vcry closely, but in places variants occur, which have crept in owing to the corruption or inisuilderstandirig of the original ; cp., c,g., K. 250, Rev., Col. IV, 11. 13 K (pla~c40) with K. 4sgj. Ohv.. Col. 111, 11. I I ff. (plate 42). Moreover, in addition to duplicate copies of the same astrological text, parallel compositiolls of a very similar character existed in the Library, side by side ; as an instance, I<. I r 283 (platc 4s) may be referred to, which is parallel to the early part of the text inscribed upon I<. 2jo and K. 419s (GI.11. 7 if. with K. 2 50, Col. I, 11. 2 f., g f., and I<. 41gj, Col. I, 11. 5 f., 12f.). Of other rlul~licatc texts it may be noted that the first colutnn preserved upon K. 7625 (platc 46) is duplicate of K. 2067, 11. 74-19 (platc 4.j). In thc case of lists, or which only a srnall fragment has been prcscrved, it is somctimes dirficult to decide whether they should be classiiied as lists of gods or stars; thus K. s 3677 (plate 50) appearstto be or a prorlounced astrological chxrxcter, while S. 777, of the same general class of tablet as S. I 125 (see plate 49), is inscribed with a list of astral deitics. On the other l~a~ld,the fragment K. 6093 (SEE PI. 49) is. probably part of a lisl ol gods, not of stars ; tllc column on the left is explanatory, and 11. 6 ff. cxplait~certain divine llaines as those borne by deities in their aslral aspect (cf: 1. 6, which probably explained ihe group (ilzr)DiZbnrt as the name hornc by Ishtar in her character as thc planet Venus). On platc 50, two fragments have also hccn included, which do not fall under the heading of astrological explanatory lists. One or these, K. I 1966, is a fragment of a list of titles of the god NcI-~~under different aspects, and is partly duplicate of the Great God List, 1<. 4349, Rev., Col. XI, 11. 68 TT. (see Part XXIV, plate 41, Part XXV, p. 8). ?'he other, K. 9794, has been exl~lainedas part of a purely astrono~nicaltext relating to the periodical revolution of a planet (rf: Uezold, I' Catalogue," p. 1039). From thc character of the writing and the clay, and frotu the fact that it was found at Kuyunjik, it may be inferred that the tablet was made for thc 1.ihrary of Ashur-bani-pal. Arguments have therefore been based upon it in favour of assigning a cotnpnrati\~clyearly date to the beginnings of thc scicnlific study or astronomy by the Babylonians, as apt fro111 the practice oi astrology. 11s complele text is herc published for the first time, and it will be seen .~ that, while it undoubtedly proves that the Babylonians and Assyrians napped and measured the heavens before the seventh century B.c., its existence is quite capable of expla~lationalong astrological mthcr than purely scientific lines. INDEX TO REGISTRATION NUMBERS. Registration RegiatmLioa Number . Plate . Number . K.250 ...... 40-4, I< . 11283... K . 1674 (22508) ...... 38 K . 11306... ! K . 2067 ...... 45 i K . 11739 ... I< . 4195 ...... 42-43 I< . I 1966... K . 4347a ...... 48 . 12619 ... I< . 4492 ...... 39 I< . 13601... K . 6093 ...... 49 K . 13677 ...... 48 S1n . 777 ... ERRATA.--^^^^ 33. 1. 14. for + read - . Plate 39. Rev., 1. 2. for $4 rcad SLY. CfilNDER OF 8€NNACHERIB, NO. l03,m. GENERAL VIEW - ---I PLATE 6 INSGRIPTIONS OF SENNAGHERIB. PLATE I. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN 1. INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE a. CYLINDER 108,000. COLUMN I (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE a. CYLINDER 108,000. COLUMN I (CONTINUED). 1NSCRlPTlONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 4. CYLINDER 105,000. COLUMN I (CONTINUED). COLUMN 11. INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 6. CYLINDER 105,000. COLUMN II (CONTINUED). INSCRIPPIONS OF SENNAGHERIB. PLATE 6. CYLINDER 108,000. COLUMN II (WNTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 7. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN II (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE a CYLINDER 108,000. COLUMN II (CONTINUED). 95 COLUMN Ill. INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 9. CYLINDER 105,000, COLUMN Ill (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 10. CYLINDER 108,000. COLUMN Ill (CO~TINUEO). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 11. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN Ill (~ONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNAGHERIB. PLATE 12. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN Ill (CONTINUED). COLUMN IV. INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNAGHERIB. PLATE 18. CYLINDER 108,000. COLUMN IV (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 14. CYLINDER 108,000. COLUMN IV (CONTINUID). INSCRIPTIOI\IS OF SENNAGHERIB. PLATE 15. CYLINDER 105,000. COLUMN IV (CONTCNUEO)~ I. Erasure dy the scn3r. INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERCB. PLATE 16 CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN IV (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 17. CYUNDER 103,000. COLUMN V. INSCRIPTIONS OF GENNACHERIB. PLATE 18 CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN V (CONTINUED), INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 19. CYLINDER 105,000, COLUMN V (COMrlNUrD). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 20. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN V (CONTINUED) INSCRlPTlONS OF SENFIACHERIB. PLATE 21. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN V (CONT:NU~D). COLUMN VI. INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIE. PLATE 22. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN VI (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 23. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN VI (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 24. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN VI (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE $16 CYLINDER 103,000, COLUMN VI (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 26. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN VI (CONTINUED). INSCRlPTlQNS OF SENNAGHERIB. PLATE a7. CYLINDER 108,OQO. COLUMN VII. INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 28. CYLINDER 103,000 COLUMN VII (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 29. CYLINDER 108,000. CQLUMN VII (conrrnu~o). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACkiEREB. PLATE 30. CYLINDER 103.000. COLUMN VII (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 81. CYLINDER 108,000. COLUMN VII (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNAGWERIB. PLATE :i% CYLINDEFI 103.000. COLUMN VII JCONTINUEO) COLUMN VIII. INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNAGHERIB. PLATE 38. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN Vlll (co~ri~u~c). INSORIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 34. CYLINDER 105,000. COLUMN Vlll (CONTINUED). lNSCR!PTlONS OF SENNAGHERIB. PLATE 35. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN Vlil (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 36. CYLINDER 103,000. COLUMN Vlll (CONTINUED). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. CYLINDER 105.000. CO~u~r~Vl#l (CVN7lhlUCD). INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB. PLATE 38. 102,996,' K. 1674,' COLUMN V, COLUMN VIII. 1. No. 10.9,996, Col, K is duflicate of Cylinder No. 108,000, Col. 11. 7-24 ; CoLs. I-IV ore want& n~ldfoi, Cob. VZ and Vll, see Inimductio>t. 8. ii 1674 (No.ZB,,608), Col. VIIJ lZ. 1-17, is dz/@Zicate of Cy1. AG. 10:~,000, COI. 7~1r4Zl. 707, for o discussion of the rcsf of the fexd and of ofhe+dz~ficutes, xte liifmdt~~dio~. INSCRlPTlONS OF SENNAGHERIB. K. 4492. ASTROLOGIOAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. PLATE 40. OBVERSE, COLS. I AND II, REVERSE, COL. IV. [K.$60, 06u., Col. I, il. 1-1.3, Col. ii. 14-17 arid Keo., Cot., IV, N. &:!I ala dz~plicafe4 K. 41,05, OGv., Coi. I, 11, 4-17, Col. II, N. 1-4, uird CoZ. Ill; Il; I-1Q(see Plate 43); Col. TZIqfiL 250 is zwa16tinfi. FOT/? fiarallel fa#to CoZ. I, SP P/uffi41, Ar.llB'3.j ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. PLATE 41. K. 250, 1 REVERSE (CONTINUED). COLUMN VI. COLUMN V. I I I I I 1 K. 11283." I I I I I I I I g, with K. 11283, il. 7 ff cf; Ar, NO, Coi. I, 11. 3J, Of: (Plate 40) and K. 4196, Col. I, II. 63,123 (Plate &). ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. PLATE 4a. K. 4196. OBVERSE, COLUMNS I, II aNo Ill. [K.4193; Oh).,Col. I; il. 4-17, CoL II, il. 1-4 and 01:124 II. 1-18 are dr@licate ofK 260, Ofin., Col, I, Z/. 1-13, CoL II; N. 14-17, aid Knr., Col. IK lf. .&$I. fir a parallel text to CoI. I, $86 Plate 41, K. 11%88.] ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. K. 4195, REVERSE, COLUMNS VI, VII AND VIII. ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. PLATE 44. K. 8067. ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. PLATE 44. K. 2007.' ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. PLATE 46. K. 7626.' ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. PLATE 47. K. 11780. OBVERSE. REVERSE. OBVERSE REVERSE. ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. PLATE 48. ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS. PLATE 40. 8. 777. OBVERSE. REVERSE, ASTROLOGICAL EXPLANATORY LISTS, rrc. PLATE 50. 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